JP4287845B2 - Construction machinery - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a heat exchange device provided in an engine of a construction machine, and relates to a technique that facilitates cleaning of an air suction portion of the heat exchange device.

  The engine is provided with a radiator as a heat exchanger for cooling the cylinder block and the like. The radiator has a radiator core disposed between an upper tank and a lower tank, and the lower tank is connected to a water pump via a hose, etc., and the cooling water cooled by the heat exchange by the radiator core is used as an engine water jacket. After the water is supplied and the engine is cooled, the warmed cooling water is returned to the upper tank via the hose. In the radiator core, a large number of thin tubes are arranged vertically between the upper tank and the lower tank, and a large number of fins are arranged in parallel perpendicular to the tubes, or corrugated fins having a wave shape are interposed between the tubes. It is arranged to improve heat dissipation. For further cooling, a cooling fan is disposed opposite the radiator core, and a filter is disposed between the cooling fan and the radiator core so as not to clog the radiator core.

This radiator core or filter will become clogged due to long-term use, especially when the radiator is mounted on a construction machine such as a backhoe, it will be used as a heat insulating material when performing work such as dismantling the building. Fibrous dust such as glass fiber that is deposited on the heat exchanger tends to overheat and needs to be cleaned each time it overheats. In order to facilitate this cleaning work, a technique is known in which a dust trapping net can be taken in and out along a rail (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Moreover, the technique which makes a heat exchanger (radiator) detachable is also well-known (for example, refer patent document 2). In this technique, the upper partition wall and the lower partition wall are separated, and the bolts are removed from the pedestal so that they can be removed.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-47061 JP 2001-323506 A

  However, in the case of the technique of Patent Document 1, it is not preferable to make the mesh of the net fine enough to capture the glass fiber because the net is clogged in a short time and the cleaning work increases. Moreover, in the technique of patent document 2, since the hose is connected to each of the upper tank and the lower tank, the range in which the heat exchanger can be moved is limited, and it is difficult to install and clean at a desired position. In some cases, twisting or disconnecting of the hose occurred, which required extra work. On the other hand, in recent engine rooms, engines, heat exchangers, hydraulic equipment, etc. are stored compactly, so that the space between the heat exchangers of the cooling fan can be made quite small so that it can be downsized, It was almost difficult to maintain by putting a hand into the gap, and there was no other way but to disassemble it. In the case of a cabin specification, an air conditioner is installed, and a heat exchanger such as a condenser or an oil cooler is also housed in the bonnet, so that the gap between the heat exchanger and the cooling fan is Is getting narrower.

  Therefore, the present invention provides a position configuration of a heat exchange device and an engine that can easily clean a filter, a radiator core, and the like without attaching or removing a filter or a heat exchanger.

  The problems to be solved by the present invention are as described above. Next, means for solving the problems will be described.

In Claim 1, in the construction machine which houses an engine (30) and a heat exchanger (31) in a bonnet (14), a cooling fan (33) attached to the engine (30), and the cooling fan (33) Between the heat exchanger (31) disposed opposite to the heat exchanger (31) and a space (29) into which a hand can enter , and the cooling fan (33) disposed in the bonnet (14) is a discharge type, A splitter (46) for changing the blowing direction of the cooling air of the cooling fan (33) is disposed between the fan (33) and the heat exchanger (31), and the splitter (46) is configured to be removable. The splitter (46) is suspended below the plate-like mounting plate (47), and the mounting plate (47) is inserted into a maintenance hole (42a) opened on the upper surface of the shroud (42) provided in the bonnet (14). Putting on and taking off But on the capacity.

In claim 2,
The heat exchanger (31) and another heat exchanger (37) are arranged side by side on the same surface .

In Claim 3, the space arrange | positioned between the said cooling fan (33) and a heat exchanger (31) is made into a substantially triangular shape in planar view .

In Claim 4, the part which covers the upper direction and the side of a heat exchanger (31) from the cooling fan (33) in the bonnet (14) is comprised by a separate cover (34), and the heat exchanger ( The cover (34) facing the portion 31) is provided with an opening (14a) having a guard (36), and the cover (34) can be opened and closed .

As effects of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
By configuring as in claim 1, it becomes possible to insert a hand between the cooling fan and the heat exchanger, and conventionally, even if compressed water or air is blown to the heat exchanger and cleaned. The dust, dust, etc. adhering to the core portion of the heat exchanger that could not be removed can now be easily removed manually, and can be cleaned to every corner. In addition, since a large space is formed between the engine and the heat exchanger, the influence of radiant heat from the engine is reduced, and the cooling efficiency is improved.

Since the cooling fan (33) disposed in the bonnet (14) is a discharge type , water or air can be discharged to the heat exchanger from the outer side opposite to the discharge direction, and heat exchange Dust and the like adhering to the vessel can be easily blown out or removed.

A splitter (46) is disposed between the cooling fan (33) and the heat exchanger (31) to change the blowing direction of the cooling air of the cooling fan (33), and the splitter (46) is configured to be detachable. As a result, the direction of the cooling air blown by the cooling fan is changed by the splitter, and the cooling air is distributed to every corner of the heat exchanger such as a radiator or an oil cooler, thereby improving the cooling efficiency. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce noise in the hood that leaks to the outside. Further, by removing the splitter, maintenance of the cooling fan and the heat exchanger can be easily performed.

The splitter (46) is suspended below the plate-like mounting plate (47), and the mounting plate (47) is inserted into a maintenance hole (42a) opened on the upper surface of the shroud (42) provided in the bonnet (14). By providing the attachment / detachment , the splitter can be attached / detached with a simple configuration. Further, the splitter can be removed from above by opening the bonnet, and maintenance of the cooling fan and heat exchanger can be performed by inserting a hand through the maintenance hole.

As described in claim 2, by arranging a plurality of the heat exchanger (31) and another heat exchanger (37) on the same plane, the space between the cooling fan and the heat exchanger is reduced. A plurality of heat exchangers are arranged while maintaining a size that allows the hand to enter, and any heat exchanger can be cleaned by inserting a hand into the space.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the space disposed between the cooling fan (33) and the heat exchanger (31) is formed in a substantially triangular shape in a plan view, so that a bonnet such as a back swirl type backhoe can be used. In this case, the heat exchanger can be well accommodated while providing a space for inserting a hand, and a useless space can be eliminated.

According to the structure of the fourth aspect, the cleaning operation can be performed by inserting a hand from above, behind or from the side between the cooling fan and the heat exchanger only by opening the cover. Can be cleaned more easily than the side (outside). Further, since it can be opened separately from the bonnet body, it is not necessary to open the whole for cleaning, and dust or the like is not scattered in the hood on the engine side during cleaning.

  Next, embodiments of the invention will be described.

  FIG. 1 is an overall side view of an excavation work vehicle as a construction machine equipped with a heat exchange device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a rear view showing the inside of a bonnet, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a radiator portion with a cover opened. is there.

  4A is a rear view of the engine and the heat exchanger when the engine is operating, FIG. 4B is a rear view showing a state where the bonnet is opened and water is discharged to the heat exchanger, and FIG. It is a top view of the Example which has arranged two or more exchangers side by side.

  6 is a plan view of an embodiment in which a triangular space is formed between the radiator and the cooling fan, FIG. 7 is a plan view of the embodiment in which a triangular space is formed between the radiator and the cooling fan, and FIG. 8 is a radiator. It is a top view of the Example which formed the triangular space between the cooling fan.

  First, a backhoe will be described as an embodiment as an excavation work vehicle as a construction machine equipped with the heat exchange device of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the backhoe is equipped with a work machine 7 at the front part of the machine, and the machine supports the swivel frame 2 at the center of the upper part of the crawler type traveling device 1 via a swivel bearing 17 so as to be able to turn left and right. A turning hydraulic motor 13 is disposed on the turning frame 2. A blade 3 is disposed on one side of the crawler type traveling device 1 so as to be vertically rotatable. A bonnet 14 that covers an engine or the like is disposed on the upper part of the revolving frame 2, and a driver's seat 16 is disposed on the hood 14 or in front of the hood 14, and hydraulic operation levers 21 and 22 are provided in the vicinity of the driver's seat 16. And a lock lever 23 and the like, and a driving lever 25 and a pedal are arranged in front of the driver's seat 16 to constitute a driving operation unit. A canopy 8 is disposed above the driving operation unit.

  Further, a boom bracket 12 is attached to the front end portion of the revolving frame 2 so as to be turnable in the left-right direction, and the lower end portion of the boom 6 is supported on the boom bracket 12 so as to be rotatable up and down. The boom 6 is bent forward in the middle and is formed in a substantially “<” shape in side view. An arm 5 is rotatably supported at the upper end of the boom 6, and is attached to the distal end of the arm 5. The bucket 4 which is a work attachment is rotatably supported. The boom 7, the arm 5, the bucket 4, and the like constitute a work machine 7.

  The boom 6 is rotated by a boom cylinder 11, the arm 5 is rotated by an arm cylinder 10, the bucket 4 is rotated by a bucket cylinder 9, and the swing body on the crawler type traveling device 1 is hydraulic. It is turned by the motor 13. The boom cylinder 11, the arm cylinder 10 and the bucket cylinder 9 are constituted by hydraulic cylinders, and a pilot valve (remote control valve) is switched by a turning operation of a hydraulic operation lever 21 or a pedal disposed in an operation operation unit. The main valve (control valve) is switched from the pilot valve and the hydraulic oil is supplied from the hydraulic pump disposed in the hood 14 of the swing frame 2 through the hydraulic hose, so that the expansion / contraction drive and the hydraulic motor 13 are driven to rotate. Is done.

  Next, the heat exchange apparatus arrange | positioned in the bonnet 14 of this invention is demonstrated. As shown in FIG. 2, the inside of the hood 14 is an engine room, and an engine 30, a radiator 31, a hydraulic pump 32, a battery (not shown), a hydraulic oil tank, and the like are accommodated in the hood 14. A hydraulic pump 32 is connected to an output shaft at one end of the engine 30 to drive a hydraulic device such as a hydraulic cylinder. A cooling fan 33 is fixed to the output shaft at the other end of the engine 30. However, if the height of the output shaft of the engine 30 is low and the cooling fan 33 and the radiator 31 are different in height, a pulley is fixed to the output shaft so as to match the height, and a belt or the like is used. Thus, power is transmitted to the cooling fan 33 so that it can be driven.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the radiator 31 includes an upper tank 31a, a lower tank 31b, a radiator core 31c, and the like. A radiator cap 31d is provided on the upper surface of the upper tank 31a so that it can be replenished and inspected. The return hose is connected, the lower tank 31b is connected to the supply hose and the drain, and the supply hose is connected to the cooling water pump to cool the water jacket by sending cooling water to the engine water jacket. I'm trying to return to. Thus, the high-temperature cooling water sent from the engine 30 is collected in the upper tank 31a, and sent from the upper tank 31a to the lower tank 31b through a number of tubes of the radiator core 31c. It is fixed and enhances heat dissipation. Cooling water is sent from the lower tank 31 b to a water jacket or the like of the engine 30. A filter 43 is detachably disposed on the cooling air inlet side of the radiator core 31c so that the fins are not clogged.

  In the present invention, a space 29 in which at least a hand can enter is provided between the radiator 31 and the cooling fan 33. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, when the cooling air inlet side of the radiator 31 is disposed opposite to the cooling fan 33 of the engine 30, in other words, in a direction perpendicular to the air blowing direction (drive shaft) of the cooling fan 33. When the radiator 31 is disposed, the distance L1 between the radiator 31 and the cooling fan 33 is a distance at which a hand can be inserted into the space 29 to clean the radiator 31, and the palm is greatly expanded. Specifically, the distance L1 has a length of at least 20 to 30 cm. However, if the space is longer than the length of the palm, the installation space for the engine 30 and the heat exchanger (radiator) 31 will be large, and it will not be possible to store in the engine room.

  Thus, by providing the space 29 where the hand can enter between the radiator (heat exchanger) 31 and the cooling fan 33, the filter 43 or the radiator core 31c can be directly cleaned, and no filter is provided. Even if the radiator core having a coarse filter is clogged, the cleaning operation can be easily performed. In the case of fibrous dust, it is easy to get entangled with the filter or the radiator core. However, even such fibrous dust or highly sticky dust can be directly removed by hand, and the dust can be removed. The remaining can be eliminated. A shroud for guiding the cooling air may be detachably provided between the radiator 31 and the cooling fan 33.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the bonnet 14 covering the engine 30 includes a main cover 44 and a cover 34, and the engine 30 and the hydraulic pump are covered with the main cover 44, and the cover 34 covers three sides around the radiator 31. I have to. The cover 34 is configured such that an upper surface 34a, a side surface 34b, and a rear surface 34c are integrally formed and can be opened and closed. In other words, the engine room is covered with the main cover 44 and the cover 34 constituting the bonnet 14, and one side of the cover 34 is pivotally supported by one side of the backhoe body or the main cover 44 so that the engine room can be opened and closed. . In the present embodiment, hinges 35 and 35 are provided on the front vertical side of the side plate 34b and pivotally supported with respect to the main body. A shielding plate 40 is provided around the cooling fan 33 to separate the room stored by the main cover 44 from the room stored by the cover 34, and the air in the room stored by the main cover 44 is stored by the cover 34. This prevents the air from flowing in and out of the air, and the flow of the cooling air is in one direction, so that the radiant heat of the engine 30 does not warm the radiator core 31c and the like in the cover 34.

  An opening 14 a for discharging or sucking cooling air is provided on the side surface 34 b of the cover 34 that faces the radiator 31. The opening 14 a is horizontally mounted in parallel in order to protect the radiator 31. Alternatively, a guard 36 that is a vertical beam, a lattice shape, or a net shape is provided. The airframe center side of the upper surface 34 a and the rear surface 34 c extends to the upper side and the rear side of the cooling fan 33. When the bonnet is formed in a semicircular shape in plan view, such as a rear small turning backhoe, the side surface and the rear surface are integrated.

  With this configuration, the cooling air generated by the rotation of the cooling fan 33 passes through the guard 36 and is discharged or sucked. When removing the clogging of the radiator 31, the upper side, the side, and the rear side of the radiator 31 are opened by opening the cover 34, and maintenance of the outer surface of the radiator 31 becomes possible. When the cooling fan 33 is configured as a discharge (blowing) type, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), dust accumulates on the cooling fan 33 side of the radiator 31, so as shown in FIG. 4 (b). By spraying compressed air, high-pressure water, or the like from the outer surface toward the radiator core 31c, accumulated dust or the like can be easily removed. Furthermore, since a hand can be inserted into the space 29 between the radiator 31 and the cooling fan 33 from above or behind, dust that is entangled with the cooling fan 33 side of the radiator core 31c and cannot be removed by water or the like. It can be removed manually. Even in the case of a suction-type cooling fan, the tip of the water hose can be inserted between the radiator 31 and the cooling fan 33, so that the cleaning operation can be facilitated in this case as well.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, a space 29 where at least a hand can be inserted is provided between the radiator 31 and the cooling fan 33, and another heat exchanger 37 can be arranged next to the radiator 31. That is, the radiator 31 and the oil cooler 37 or the heat exchanger for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner (condenser) as the heat exchanger are arranged on the same plane so as to face the direction substantially perpendicular to the cooling air blowing direction of the cooling fan 33. They are arranged side by side. The radiator 31 and the oil cooler 37 are arranged in parallel in the front-rear direction, and are arranged so as not to overlap in the side view so as to overlap in the rear view. However, the plurality of heat exchangers can be arranged not only in the horizontal direction but also in the vertical direction. In this case, they are arranged so that they overlap in a plan view, do not overlap in a rear view, and do not overlap in a side view. . That is, the cooling air is arranged such that it passes through the plurality of heat exchangers only once and does not pass continuously.

  By configuring in this way, the cooling air from the cooling fan 33 can be cooled by simultaneously hitting both the radiator 31 and the oil cooler 37, and the core of the radiator 31 and the oil cooler 37 facing the cooling fan is cleaned. You can do both with the same effort without interfering with each other. That is, if the radiator 31 and the oil cooler 37 are arranged in parallel so as to overlap in a side view, the cooling air enters one core after the other and cools, and the cooling efficiency decreases. Since they are arranged side by side, they can be cooled by cooling air under substantially the same conditions. Further, it is necessary to remove one of the parts where the radiator 31 and the oil cooler 37 overlap each other and disassemble it. This takes time, but in the present invention, the space between the radiator 31 and the oil cooler 37 and the cooling fan 33 is required. It is possible to easily clean the space 29 by inserting a hand.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, the radiator 31 can be disposed obliquely with a predetermined space opened for the cooling fan 33. That is, in the case of a rear small turning type backhoe, the rear part shape of the bonnet 14 is formed in a substantially semicircular shape centering on the turning center in plan view. For example, when storing the crankshaft 38 of the engine 30 in the bonnet 14 so as to be in the left-right direction, the radiator 31 is installed so that the front side opens outward in a plan view, and the extension line of the crankshaft 38 is the radiator 31. Is disposed so that a substantially triangular space 39 is formed between the radiator 31 and the cooling fan 33 in plan view. The engine 30 is not necessarily arranged in the left-right direction but may be arranged in an oblique direction. In other words, the engine 30 and the radiator 31 are housed in a bonnet that is semicircular in plan view. In this case, in a plan view, the longitudinal direction of the crankshaft and the radiator 31 is arranged in the chord direction so that the engine 30 and the radiator 31 are in contact with the inner periphery of the bonnet 14, and one end of the radiator 31 is a rotating surface of the cooling fan 33. The other end of the radiator 31 is arranged so as to be away from the rotation surface of the cooling fan 33, and a substantially triangular space 39 is seen between the radiator 31 and the cooling fan 33 in plan view. Is formed. The space 39 is large enough for a hand to enter.

  By configuring in this way, in the rear small turning type backhoe, the accommodation of the engine 30 and the radiator is improved, and the radiator 31 and the cooling fan 33 are arranged when the radiator 33 is arranged along the outer periphery of the arc shape of the bonnet. The triangular space generated between the two can be effectively used for maintenance.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, another heat exchanger 37 can be arranged next to the radiator 31 arranged obliquely with respect to the cooling fan 33. That is, in the case of a small rear swivel type backhoe, a radiator 31 and an oil cooler 37 or a heat exchanger (condenser) for an outdoor unit of an air conditioner are arranged side by side as a heat exchanger, and the oil cooler 37 is also disposed in the radiator. As in FIG. 31, it is installed so that the front side opens outward in plan view, and a substantially triangular space 41 is formed between the radiator 31 and the oil cooler 37 and the cooling fan 33 in plan view. Then, a shroud 42 is provided in the bonnet 14 so as to surround the space 41 so as not to flow backward, and a maintenance hole 42a is opened on the upper surface of the shroud 42, and a hand is inserted into the space 41. To be able to. Further, the space 41 in the shroud 42 is provided with a plurality of splitters 46 and 46 for changing the blowing direction of the cooling air of the cooling fan 33. These splitters 46 and 46 are attached to a plate-like mounting plate 47 by hanging downward at a predetermined interval in the front-rear direction, and the mounting plate 47 is sized to cover the maintenance hole 42a opened on the upper surface of the shroud 42, The splitters 46 and 46 are attached so as to enter the maintenance hole 42a. The splitters 46 and 46 are inserted from the maintenance hole 42 a into the space 41 in the shroud 42 so that the tip is located near the lower end of the cooling fan 33. The mounting plate 47 is fixed to the upper surface of the shroud 42 with bolts or the like so as to be detachable, and the splitters 46 and 46 are configured to be detachable between the radiator 31 and the oil cooler 37 with a simple configuration. The splitters 46 and 46 are inclined with respect to the cooling fan 33 so as to have an inclination capable of blowing the cooling air from the cooling fan 33 to the ends of the radiator 31 and the oil cooler 37.

  By configuring in this way, the cooling air is directed to every corner of the heat exchanger such as the radiator 31 and the oil cooler 37 by changing the direction of the cooling air of the cooling fan 33 by the splitters 46 and 46, and cooling efficiency. Can be improved. Furthermore, noise in the bonnet 14 that leaks to the outside can be reduced. Further, the splitters 46 and 46 can be easily removed from above by opening the bonnet 14, and the maintenance of the cooling fan 33 and the heat exchanger can be easily performed by inserting a hand through the maintenance hole 42 a of the shroud 42. Can do.

The whole side view of the excavation work vehicle as a construction machine equipped with the heat exchange apparatus of this invention. The rear view which shows the inside of a bonnet. The perspective view of the radiator part of the state which opened the cover. (A) is a rear view of the engine and the heat exchanger when the engine is operated, and (b) is a rear view showing a state where the bonnet is opened and water is discharged to the heat exchanger to be cleaned. The top view of the Example which arranged the heat exchanger in order. The top view of the Example which formed the triangular space between the radiator and the cooling fan. The top view of the Example which formed the triangular space between the radiator and the oil cooler, and the cooling fan. The perspective view of a splitter attachment part.

Explanation of symbols

14 Bonnet 29 Space 30 Engine 31 Heat exchanger 33 Cooling fan 34 Cover 36 Guard 42 Shroud 42a Maintenance hole 46 Splitter 47 Mounting plate

Claims (4)

In the construction machine that houses the engine (30) and the heat exchanger (31) in the bonnet (14), the cooling fan (33) attached to the engine (30) and the cooling fan (33) are arranged opposite to each other. A space (29) where a hand can enter is provided between the heat exchanger (31) and the cooling fan (33) disposed in the bonnet (14) is a discharge type. A splitter (46) for changing the blowing direction of the cooling air of the cooling fan (33) is arranged between the exchanger (31), the splitter (46) is configured to be detachable, and the splitter (46) is The mounting plate (47) is suspended below the plate-shaped mounting plate (47), and the mounting plate (47) is detachably provided in the maintenance hole (42a) opened in the upper surface of the shroud (42) provided in the bonnet (14). Special Construction machinery to. The construction machine according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the heat exchanger (31) and another heat exchanger (37) are arranged side by side on the same surface . The construction machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a space disposed between the cooling fan (33) and the heat exchanger (31) has a substantially triangular shape in plan view . A portion of the bonnet (14) that covers the upper and sides of the heat exchanger (31) from the cooling fan (33) is constituted by a separate cover (34) and faces the heat exchanger (31). The cover (34) is provided with an opening (14a) having a guard (36), and the cover (34) is configured to be openable and closable. Construction machinery as described in.

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