JP4273833B2 - Air conditioning system - Google Patents

Description

すなわち、約１３０［ｃｍ］四方の大きさＰＤＭＳ膜が必要となる。
【００５５】
一方、酸素については、快適に過ごせる濃度下限は１９．５［％］程度であり、車室１９の外部（すなわち空気中）の酸素濃度は２０．９［％］程度であるため、その濃度差は１．４［％］である。すなわち、分圧差は７６×０．０１４＝１．０６［ｃｍＨｇ］である。
【００５６】
尚、上述したＰＤＭＳは酸素も透過させることができ、ＰＤＭＳの酸素のガス透過係数は二酸化炭素の１／６程度であるが、上記計算で二酸化炭素と酸素との分圧比が２０倍程度あるため、二酸化炭素の必要透過量を満たせば酸素の必要透過量を満たすことになる。したがって、上述した大きさのＰＤＭＳ膜を透過膜１３として用いれば、５人の乗員が快適に過ごすことができるだけの酸素と二酸化炭素の透過量を確保することができる。
【００５７】
また、言い換えると、面積×透過係数／膜厚の値としては透過量を分圧差で割った値、すなわち、２７．８［ｍｌ／ｓ］／０．０５３２［ｃｍＨｇ］＝５２０［ｍｌ／ｓ／ｃｍＨｇ］以上が必要であると言うことができる。なぜなら、透過量＝分圧差×面積×透過係数／膜厚であるためである。
【００５８】
次に、透過膜１３の設置について説明する。図３は、エアーコンディショナの送風ファン２３付近を表す断面図である。送風ファン２３は送風経路２５上に設置されている。また、送風経路２５を構成する壁の一部には、支持体２１に支持された透過膜１３が設置され、これらが送風経路２５の壁の一部を形成している。尚、支持体２１に支持された透過膜１３の送風経路２５と反対側は外気に接するようになっている。
【００５９】
次に、圧力調整機構１７について説明する。図４は、圧力調整機構１７及びその周辺の断面図である。圧力調整機構１７は、内部に緩衝空間１７ａを有する箱形状となっており、車室壁１１に設けられた孔１１ａに、圧力調整機構１７の半分を車室１９に突出させ、残り半分を車室１９の外に突出させるように設置されている。圧力調整機構１７の車室１９に突出している部分の壁の一部には、孔１７ｂが設けられており、緩衝空間１７ａ内に設けられた扉１７ｃによって塞がれている。この扉１７ｃは付勢力によって孔１７ｂを塞ぐようになっており、車室１９側から所定の圧力が加わると緩衝空間１７ａ側に開くようになっている。また、圧力調整機構１７の、車室１９の外に突出している部分の壁の一部にも、孔１７ｄが設けられており、緩衝空間１７ａ内に設けられた扉１７ｅによって塞がれている。この扉１７ｅは付勢力によって孔１７ｄを塞ぐようになっており、車室１９の外側から所定の圧力が加わると緩衝空間１７ａ側に開くようになっている。尚、圧力調整機構１７は、気体を透過させない性質を持つ材料によって構成されている。
【００６０】
このように圧力調整機構１７が構成されているため、例えばドアが閉められたときのように瞬間的に車室１９の気圧が上昇した場合、車室１９の空気が扉１７ｃを押し開けて緩衝空間１７ａに流れ込み、その流れ込んだ空気が緩衝空間１７ａに元々存在した空気を扉１７ｅの隙間から車室１９の外に押し出す。一方、例えばドアが開かれたときのように瞬間的に車室１９の気圧が低下した場合は、車室１９の外の空気が扉１７ｅを押し開けて緩衝空間１７ａに流れ込み、その流れ込んだ空気が緩衝空間１７ａに元々存在した空気を扉１７ｃの隙間から車室１９に押し出す。したがって、車室１９の外から車室１９に汚染した空気が流れ込むことを抑えながら、車室１９の気圧と車室１９の外の気圧とを一致させることができる。
【００６１】
これまで説明したように、実施例の車両１０によれば、例えば都会や幹線道路のような大気汚染が著しいところを走行しているときであっても、有害気体や有害微粒子の車室１９への侵入を防ぐことができる。そして、このようなことを実現させながら、酸素は車室１９へ供給され、二酸化炭素は車室１９の外に排出されるため、車室１９にいる人は快適である。また、従来と比べて車室１９を出入りする気体量が少ないため冷暖房効率も高い。また、密閉性も高いため、静粛性の向上に貢献する。
【００６２】
以下、他の実施例について説明する。
（１）透過膜について
上記実施例の透過膜１３は平面形状であったが、図５の斜視図に示すような透過膜１３ａであってもよい。透過膜１３ａは襞形状であり、透過膜１３ａを支持する支持体２１ａも透過膜１３ａに合わせた形状となっている。このようになっていると、透過膜１３ａの見かけ上の面積を増やすことなく表面積を増やすことができ、酸素や二酸化炭素の透過量を増やすことができる。
【００６３】
また、透過膜は、図示はしないがベッドマットのように表面が複数の突起状に形成されてもよい。このようになっていても、表面積を増やすことができ、酸素や二酸化炭素の透過量を増やすことができる。
また、図６の断面図に示すような透過膜１３ｂであってもよい。これは、全体としてディーゼルパティキュレートトラッパ形状をしており、一方が塞がった一次筒２７と同じく一方が塞がった二次筒２９とが開口部を反対にして隣り合わせになるように複数組合わされ、一次筒２７と二次筒２９の間に透過膜１３ｂが設置されている。一次筒２７に外気が導入されるようになっており、二次筒２９に車室１９の空気が導入されるようになっている。
【００６４】
このような形状の透過膜１３ｂであっても、効果的に酸素や二酸化炭素を透過させることができる。
また、図７の断面図に示すような透過膜１３ｃであってもよい。透過膜１３ｃは液膜であり、液状のポリマーやオリゴマー等から構成される。そして、透過膜１３ｃは、多数の微小細孔２１ｄを備えた支持体２１ｃによって支持されている。
【００６５】
このような透過膜１３ｃであっても、適切な液膜を選択すれば、効果的に酸素や二酸化炭素を透過させることができる。
また、上記実施例では、酸素と二酸化炭素とを共に優位に透過させる透過膜１３を用いたが、酸素を優位に透過させる透過膜と二酸化炭素を優位に透過させる透過膜とを別体で用意してそれぞれ設置してもよい。このようになっていても上記実施例と同様の効果を得ることができる。
【００６６】
また、酸素を優位に透過させる透過膜と、二酸化炭素を吸収する二酸化炭素吸収剤とを組み合わせてもよい。また、酸素を優位に透過させる透過膜と、二酸化炭素を車室１９から車室１９の外に排出することができるよう構成されたＰＳＡとを組み合わせてもよい。また、二酸化炭素を優位に透過させる透過膜と、車室１９の外から酸素を車室１９に導入することができるように構成されたＰＳＡとを組み合わせてもよい。これらいずれの方法であっても、上記実施例と同様の効果を得ることができる。
【００６７】
（２）圧力調整機構について
他の圧力調整機構の形状として、図８に示す圧力調整機構１７１が考えられる。図４に示した圧力調整機構１７と同一構成については同一符号を付すことにより説明を省略する。図４に示した圧力調整機構１７との違いは、車室１９の外に突出した部分の孔１７ｄを塞ぐ扉１７ｆの位置である。図４に示した圧力調整機構１７の扉１７ｅは緩衝空間１７ａに取り付けられているが、図７に示した圧力調整機構１７１の扉１７ｆは緩衝空間１７ａの外、すなわち車室１９の外に取り付けられている。扉１７ｆは、付勢力によって孔１７ｄを塞ぐようになっており、緩衝空間１７ａ側から所定の圧力が加わると車室１９の外側に開くようになっている。
【００６８】
このようになっていると、例えばドアを閉めたときのように車室１９の気圧が瞬間的に上昇した場合に、より緩衝空間１７ａの空気が車室１９の外に出やすいため、図４に示した圧力調整機構１７を用いる場合よりもすみやかに車室１９の気圧と車室１９の外の気圧とを一致させることができる。
【００６９】
また、図９に示すような圧力調整機構１７２も考えられる。図４に示した圧力調整機構１７と同一構成については同一符号を付すことにより説明を省略する。図４に示した圧力調整機構１７との違いは、車室１９の外に突出した部分の形状にある。図９に示す圧力調整機構１７３の場合、アコーディオン状の伸縮部１７ｇを備え、車室壁１１に対して垂直方向に伸縮して緩衝空間１７ａの容積を変化させることができる。
【００７０】
このため、例えばドアを閉めたときのように車室１９の気圧が瞬間的に上昇した場合や、逆にドアが開かれたときのように車室１９の気圧が瞬間的に低下した場合に、伸縮部１７ｇが伸縮して緩衝空間１７ａの容積が変化することによって、車室１９の気圧と車室１９の外の気圧とを一致させることができる。
【００７１】
また、図１０に示すような圧力調整機構１７３も考えられる。図４に示した圧力調整機構１７と同一構成については同一符号を付すことにより説明を省略する。図４に示した圧力調整機構１７との違いは、車室１９の外に突出した部分の形状にある。図１０に示す圧力調整機構１７３の場合、ピストン状の伸縮部１７ｈを備え、車室壁１１に対して垂直方向に移動して緩衝空間１７ａの容積を変化させることができる。
【００７２】
このため、例えばドアを閉めたときのように車室１９の気圧が瞬間的に上昇した場合や、逆にドアが開かれたときのように車室１９の気圧が瞬間的に低下した場合に、伸縮部１７ｈが移動して緩衝空間１７ａの容積が変化することによって、車室１９の気圧と車室１９の外の気圧とを一致させることができる。
【００７３】
（３）フィルタやエアピュリファイヤについて
上述した透過膜１３に、更に、ＳＰＭ、粉塵、花粉、悪臭、ＮＯx、ＨＣ等を捕集するフィルタを併設させてもよい。このフィルタは、透過膜１３の送風経路２５側に併設させてもよいし、外気側であってもよい。
【００７４】
このようなフィルタを設置することにより、透過膜１３をごくわずかに透過してしまう汚染物質を捕集でき、車室１９内に侵入する汚染物質を更に少なくすることができる。
また、車室１９内にＳＰＭ、粉塵、花粉、悪臭、ＮＯｘ、ＨＣ等を捕集するエアピュリファイヤを設置してもよい。このようになっていても、透過膜１３をごくわずかに透過してしまう汚染物質、人の衣服等に付着して侵入してきた汚染物質、人から発せられるにおい等を捕集でき、車室１９内の快適度が向上する。
【００７５】
（４）加圧装置、減圧装置について
透過膜１３の外気側あるいは車室１９側に加圧装置を設け、透過膜１３に接する空気の圧力を上げることにより、透過性能を高めるようにする。また加圧装置の代わりに減圧装置を用いるようになっていてもよい。要するに、透過膜１３の外気側と車室１９側との間における対象気体の分圧差を増大させるようになっている。分圧差が増大すると透過性能が向上するからである。
【００７６】
具体的な加圧装置や減圧装置は、例えば図１１に示すイメージ図のような加減圧装置４０であるとよい。図１１（ａ）は、車両１０の振動によって座席４１が上昇した際のイメージ図である。座席４１が上昇すると加減圧空間４３（導風路４９内のうち導入扉４５と排出扉４７とによって仕切られる空間）内の気圧が下がる。その結果、導入扉４５が開くと共に排出扉４７が閉じ、空気が加減圧空間４３に導入される。なお、この導入扉４５は、加減圧空間４３側にのみ開き、逆側には開かないように構成されている。また、排出扉４７は、加減圧空間４３側と反対側にのみ開く、加減圧空間４３側には開かないように構成されている。
【００７７】
図１１（ｂ）は、車両１０の振動によって座席４１が下降した際のイメージ図である。座席４１が下降すると加減圧空間４３内の気圧が上がる。その結果、導入扉４５が閉じると共に排出扉４７が開き、空気が加減圧空間４３から排出される。このように、導風路４９内で一方向の気流が生まれ、この気流を利用することによって透過膜１３の透過性能を上げることができる。
【００８３】
このようになっていると、乗員が車室１９の酸素濃度と二酸化炭素濃度を知ることができ、それぞれの値が適切な範囲内におさまっているかどうかを確認することができる。そして、適切な範囲内におさまっていなければ、窓を開けて換気を行うことができる。
【００８４】
また、乗員が意識的に酸素濃度や二酸化炭素濃度を確認しなくても、測定結果が所定の範囲内になかった場合、例えばアラームによって警報を行うようになっているとよい。この所定の範囲としては、例えば、酸素濃度については１９．５［％］以上、二酸化炭素濃度については１０００［ｐｐｍ］以下というように定めるとよい。
【００８５】
このようになっていれば、積極的に乗員に車室１９の酸素濃度と二酸化炭素濃度が所定の範囲にないことを報知し、換気を促すなどして常に快適な状態を維持させることができる。
もちろん、乗員に換気を行わせるのではなく、酸素濃度や二酸化炭素濃度に応じて動作する換気扇（特許請求の範囲に記載の外気導入手段に相当する）を備えるようにしてもよい。つまり、酸素濃度値や二酸化炭素濃度値が適切な範囲内からはずれたときに、そのはずれたという情報に基づいて換気扇を動作させるように構成されていてもよい。
【００８６】
更に、透過膜を透過する風量を検知するセンサ（特許請求の範囲に記載の破損検出手段に相当する）を備えるようにし、そのセンサが想定風量を超える風量を検知した際に、乗員にアラーム等で警報を行うようになっているとよい。想定風量を超える風量を検知したということは、透過膜の破損が推定されるため、このようになっていれば、透過膜の破損に気づかないまま乗員が車室内で過ごすといったことを防止することができる。
【００８７】
また、透過膜はその性質上、結露が起こると性能が大幅に低下する。そのため、透過膜の結露を検知あるいは推定することができるセンサ（特許請求の範囲に記載の結露検知手段）を備えるようにし、そのセンサが結露を検知あるいは推定した場合に、乗員にアラーム等で警報を行うようになっているとよい。
【００８８】
このようになっていれば、透過膜に結露が起こる前、あるいは結露が起こるとすぐに、その状態を乗員が知ることができるため、乗員は何らかの対策を施すことが可能になり透過膜の性能低下を防止することができる。
ところで、透過膜は一般的に乾燥状態であるほうが透過性能が高い。また、乾燥状態のほうがカビの発生が抑制される。このため、透過膜の空調対象空間側あるいは空調対象空間外側の少なくとも一方に、気体を乾燥させる除湿装置（特許請求の範囲に記載の乾燥手段に相当する）を備えるようにするとよい。
【００８９】
このようになっていれば、透過膜１３を乾燥状態に保てるため透過性能を確保できるとともにカビの発生を抑止することができる。
また、結露を防止することや必要時以外に透過膜が機能することを防止するため、車室１９内に人が居ない場合のような、透過膜を使用する必要がない時に、透過膜１３の車室外側を覆うシャッター（特許請求の範囲に記載の隔離手段に相当する）によって透過膜を外気から隔離するようになっているとよい。
【００９０】
このようなシャッターを備えるようにすれば、透過膜１３の結露防止や性能維持に役立つ。
また、自動的に適切な濃度値になるように強制的に調整するようになっていてもよい。具体的には、酸素ボンベ（特許請求の範囲に記載の補助酸素放出手段に相当する）と、二酸化炭素吸着剤（特許請求の範囲に記載の補助二酸化炭素吸収手段に相当する）とを備えるようにするとよい。そして、酸素濃度センサによって測定された酸素濃度値が所定の数値を下回っていたときには、酸素を放出するようにし、二酸化炭素濃度センサによって測定された二酸化炭素濃度値が所定の数値を上回っていたときに、二酸化炭素を吸収するようになっているとよい。この所定の数値としては、例えば、酸素濃度については１９．５［％］、二酸化炭素濃度については１０００［ｐｐｍ］というような数値を用いるとよい。
【００９１】
このようになっていれば、透過膜やＰＳＡの能力を超えた酸素の消費及び二酸化炭素の発生が車室１９で起こったときや、透過膜やＰＳＡ等に不具合があったときに、強制的に快適な酸素濃度値や二酸化炭素濃度にすることができ、快適性が高まる。
【００９２】
（６）透過膜の設置位置について
透過膜１３の設置位置としては、透過膜１３は車両１０の天井の全部あるいは一部を構成するように設置してもよい。また、透過膜１３は車両１０の床の全部あるいは一部を構成するように設置してもよい。また、透過膜１３は車両１０のウィンドウの全部あるいは一部を構成するように設置してもよい。
【００９３】
何れの場所でも、比較的平坦な広い面積を確保することができるため、十分な面積の透過膜を設置することができ、多数の人が乗車する場合でも問題ない性能を確保することができる。
ところで、状況によっては車室１９外、すなわち外気の酸素濃度のほうが車室１９よりも低いといった場合もありえる。具体例としては、車両１０がトンネル内を走行しているときや、高地を走行しているときなどである。このような場合、車室１９の酸素が透過膜１３を通じて車室１９外に出てしまい、車室１９内の酸素濃度が低下するおそれがある。
【００９４】
このようなことを避けるためには、車室１９外の酸素濃度値が車室１９の酸素濃度値よりも低い値になったときに、透過膜１３と外気とを遮断するシャッター装置（特許請求の範囲に記載の気体透過停止手段に相当する）を設けるとよい。
このようなシャッター装置を設ければ、車室１９内の酸素が車室１９外に出てしまい、車室１９内の酸素濃度が低下するといったことを防止できる。
【００９５】
（７）透過膜の再生について
ところで、透過膜１３については長期間使用すれば有害気体や浮遊物質等によって透過性能が低下することがあり得る。したがって、このようなことをできるだけ防止するため、各種のセンサを利用して透過膜１３の透過性能の低下を推定し、透過性能が所定の性能よりも低下したときに透過膜の透過性能を再生させるようになっているとよい。
【００９６】
具体的な再生方法としては、例えば図１３に示すように、再生時には車室側扉５１を閉じて排出扉５３を開け、さらに透過膜１３を回転軸５５を中心にして１８０度回転させる。そして、透過膜１３の車室１９側の気圧を下げる（あるいは車室１９の外側の気圧を上げる）ことによって浮遊物質等を透過膜１３から剥離させ、排出口から排出させて、透過性能を回復させる。
【００９７】
また、図１４（ａ）に示すように、透過膜１３にヒータ６１ａを密着して設置し、再生時に回転軸５５を中心にして透過膜１３を１８０度回転させると共に、ヒータ６１ａを用いて透過膜１３を加熱することによって浮遊物質等を透過膜１３から剥離させるようにしてもよい。なお、剥離させて浮遊物質等は、図１３に示したような車室側扉５１を閉じ、排出扉５３を開けることによって車外に排出するようになっているとよい。また、このような一連の再生処理を行うか否かの決定は、透過膜１３を挟んで車室１９側と車室１９の外側に設置された２つの酸素濃度センサ６５からの情報に基づき、図示しない制御部が透過膜１３の透過能力の低下を判定することによって行われるとよい。例えば、車室１９側と車室１９の外側との酸素の濃度差が等しくなるまでに要した時間が過去の実績に比較して長くなっている場合、透過膜１３の透過能力が低下したと判断するようになっているとよい。
【００９８】
また、図１４（ｂ）のように、透過膜１３の車室外側の通気口内にヒータ６１ｂを設置し、再生時に回転軸６３を中心にして透過膜１３を１８０度回転させると共にヒータ６１ｂによって導入気体を加熱し、その加熱された導入気体が透過膜１３を透過することによって透過膜１３に付着した浮遊物質等を剥離させるようになっていてもよい。なお、剥離させた浮遊物質等は、図１２に示したように、車室側扉５１を閉じ、排出扉５３を開けることによって車外に排出するようになっているとよい。
【００９９】
ヒータ６１ａ，６１ｂは電熱線によって構成され、電気を流すことによって発熱するようになっていてもよいが、エンジンの熱を導入することによってヒータ６１ａ，６１ｂが発熱するようになっていてもよい。具体的には、エンジンの冷却水を導くことによって実現するとよい。このようにしてエンジンの熱を利用するようになっていれば、車両全体のエネルギー効率が高まる。
【０１００】
また、透過膜１３を振動させることによって浮遊物質等を剥離させるようになっていてもよい。振動させる方法としては、透過膜１３にバイブレーターを併設することにより実現させてもよいが、超音波発生装置を透過膜１３の近傍に設置し、超音波を透過膜に当てることにより、透過膜１３を振動させて浮遊物質等を剥離させるようになっていてもよい。その場合も、透過膜１３を回転させ、剥離した浮遊物質等を車室外に排出するようになっているとよい。
【０１０１】
透過膜１３の透過性能を再生する方法についていくつか挙げたが、透過膜１３をロール状にしておき、そのロールから必要な分だけ引き出すように構成されていてもよい。そして透過性能が低下したら新たにロールから透過膜１３を引き出し、引き出した部分を使用するようになっているとよい。
【０１０２】
このようになっていても、透過性能を維持することができ、快適な車室空間を実現させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】実施例の車両及び従来の車両の断面図である。
【図２】透過膜及びそれを支える支持体を表す斜視図である。
【図３】エアーコンディショナの送風ファンの付近を示す断面図である。
【図４】圧力調整機構を説明するための断面図である。
【図５】透過膜の別の例を説明するための斜視図である。
【図６】透過膜の別の例を説明するための断面図である。
【図７】透過膜の別の例を説明するための断面図である。
【図８】圧力調整機構の別の形状を説明するための断面図である。
【図９】圧力調整機構の別の形状を説明するための断面図である。
【図１０】圧力調整機構の別の形状を説明するための断面図である。
【図１１】加圧装置、減圧装置の一例を説明するための説明図である。
【図１２】他の実施例の車両及び従来の車両の断面図である。
【図１３】透過膜の再生法を説明するための説明図である。
【図１４】透過膜の再生法を説明するための説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１０…車両、１１…車室壁、１１ａ…孔、１３…透過膜、１３ａ…透過膜、１３ｂ…透過膜、１３ｃ…透過膜、１７…圧力調整機構、１７ａ…緩衝空間、１７ｂ…孔、１７ｃ…扉、１７ｄ…孔、１７ｅ…扉、１７ｆ…扉、１７ｇ…伸縮部、１７ｈ…伸縮部、１９…車室、２１…支持体、２１ａ…支持体、２１ｃ…支持体、２１ｄ…微小細孔、２３…送風ファン、２５…送風経路、２７…一次筒、２９…二次筒、４０…加減圧装置、４１…座席、４３…加減圧空間、４５…導入扉、４７…排出扉、４９…導風路、５１…車室側扉、５３…排出扉、５５…回転軸、６１ａ…ヒータ、６１ｂ…ヒータ、６３…回転軸、６５…酸素濃度センサ、１００…車両、１７１…圧力調整機構、１７２…圧力調整機構、１７３…圧力調整機構[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an air conditioning system that prevents as much as possible harmful gas and harmful fine particles from entering an air conditioning target space.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, an automobile introduces an outside air introduction mode in which air is introduced from the outside of the passenger compartment, heated or cooled and supplied to the passenger compartment, and an inside air circulation mode in which air is heated or cooled while circulating the air in the passenger compartment. It has an air conditioner. In recent years, in order to improve the performance of blocking sound entering the passenger compartment, measures such as increasing the accuracy of vehicle assembly have been taken, and the tightness of the passenger compartment has been further increased. However, when the passenger compartment is sealed in this way, when many passengers ride for a long time, the oxygen concentration may decrease or the carbon dioxide concentration may increase, causing headaches and discomfort to the passengers. was there. For this reason, it has been necessary to appropriately introduce the outside air into the vehicle interior using the outside air introduction mode.
[0003]
However, the air pollution in urban areas and main roads is serious, and introducing outside air into the passenger compartment as it is has a big problem considering the health of passengers. Therefore, various filters for removing pollutants such as harmful gases and dust in the atmosphere have been developed, and such filters are installed at the intake for introducing outside air to remove pollutants in the atmosphere. Some automobiles do this (method 1).
[0004]
Further, as described in Patent Document 1, gas detection means for detecting dirt of outside air is provided, and only when the outside air is judged not to be dirty by the gas detection means, the inside air circulation mode is changed to the outside air introduction mode. An automotive air conditioner that performs automatic switching is considered (method 2).
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-24726
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the method of the above-described method 1 does not actually have a sufficient filter in terms of performance and cannot sufficiently prevent the entry of contaminants into the vehicle interior. On the other hand, the method of the method 2 described above has a problem that costs are required for a sensor and a control device that realize gas detection means, an actuator that switches from the inside air circulation mode to the outside air introduction mode, and the like. There is also a problem that when the vehicle travels for a long time in an area where air pollution is remarkable, such as a city or a main road, it is difficult to switch to the outside air introduction mode and ventilation is not performed for a long time.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and proposes an air conditioning system that further prevents intrusion of contaminants into the air-conditioning target space and provides comfort to people in the air-conditioning target space. For the purpose.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems and Effects of the Invention]
  The air conditioning system according to claim 1 made to solve the above-mentioned problem is an air conditioning system for a vehicle,Vehicle interiorIs a permeable membrane that is preferentially permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide, and is installed by replacing a part of the compartment wall that does not allow gas permeation,Vehicle interiorAnd itsVehicle compartmentA permeable membrane that develops a permeable function due to the concentration difference of each gasA pressurizing device that pressurizes air in contact with one surface of the permeable membrane to enhance the permeation function, or a decompression device that depressurizes air in contact with one surface of the permeable membrane to enhance the permeation function;Is provided.Vehicles are often exposed to exhaust gas, and the value of using the air conditioning system of the present invention is high. Moreover, if it does in this way, an air-conditioning object space can be made into a comfortable state in a short time.And the permeable membrane isVehicle interiorDecreased due to oxygen consumptionVehicle interiorDepending on the oxygen concentration ofVehicle compartmentFrom outsideVehicle interiorIntroduce oxygen into theVehicle interiorIncreased due to the generation of carbon dioxideVehicle interiorDepending on the concentration of carbon dioxideVehicle compartmentDrain out. The term “a wall that does not allow gas to pass through” as used herein does not allow dust or the like having a molecular structure larger than that of gas to pass through (the same applies hereinafter). Further, the “permeation membrane that allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to permeate preferentially” is ideally a permeation membrane that allows only oxygen and carbon dioxide to permeate. In addition, the permeable membrane may be configured separately from one that preferentially transmits oxygen and one that preferentially transmits carbon dioxide.Furthermore, the pressurization device or the decompression device includes an introduction door that only introduces air into the pressurization / decompression space, a first air guide path that introduces air into the pressurization / decompression space via the introduction door, A discharge door for only discharging air from the pressure-reducing space, a second air guide path for discharging air through the discharge door, and a seat provided in the vehicle move up and down due to vibration of the traveling vehicle. And means for pressurizing and depressurizing the pressurizing / depressurizing space. This may be realized by using, for example, a pressurization device or a decompression device that can convert a reciprocating motion such as a diaphragm into a unidirectional pressure. If it is a pressurization device or a decompression device that uses the vertical movement of the seat during traveling, fuel efficiency will not be affected.
[0009]
  An air conditioning system for a vehicle as in the air conditioning system according to claim 2,Vehicle interiorIs a permeable membrane that is preferentially permeable to oxygen and is installed by replacing a part of the compartment wall that does not allow gas permeation,Vehicle interiorAnd itsVehicle compartmentA permeable membrane that exhibits a permeable function due to a difference in oxygen concentration with the outside,Vehicle interiorCarbon dioxide absorbing means for absorbing carbon dioxide installed inA pressurizing device that pressurizes air in contact with one surface of the permeable membrane to enhance the permeation function, or a decompression device that depressurizes air in contact with one surface of the permeable membrane to enhance the permeation function;You may make it provide.Vehicles are often exposed to exhaust gas, and the value of using the air conditioning system of the present invention is high. Moreover, if it does in this way, an air-conditioning object space can be made into a comfortable state in a short time.And the permeable membrane isVehicle interiorDecreased due to oxygen consumptionVehicle interiorDepending on the oxygen concentration ofVehicle compartmentFrom outsideVehicle interiorIntroducing oxygen into the carbon dioxide absorption meansVehicle interiorIt is good to absorb the carbon dioxide generated in the. The “permeation membrane that allows oxygen to permeate preferentially” here is ideally a permeation membrane that allows only oxygen to permeate. Moreover, as a carbon dioxide absorption means, a carbon dioxide absorbent etc. can be considered, for example.Furthermore, the pressurization device or the decompression device includes an introduction door that only introduces air into the pressurization / decompression space, a first air guide path that introduces air into the pressurization / decompression space via the introduction door, A discharge door for only discharging air from the pressure-reducing space, a second air guide path for discharging air through the discharge door, and a seat provided in the vehicle move up and down due to vibration of the traveling vehicle. And means for pressurizing and depressurizing the pressurizing / depressurizing space. This may be realized by using, for example, a pressurization device or a decompression device that can convert a reciprocating motion such as a diaphragm into a unidirectional pressure. If it is a pressurization device or a decompression device that uses the vertical movement of the seat during traveling, fuel efficiency will not be affected.
[0010]
  An air conditioning system for a vehicle as in the air conditioning system according to claim 3,Vehicle interiorComprising a casing wall that does not allow gas permeation, and a permeable membrane that is installed by replacing part of the casing wall and that allows oxygen to permeate predominantly,Vehicle interiorAnd itsVehicle compartmentA permeable membrane that exhibits a permeable function due to a difference in oxygen concentration with the outside,Vehicle interiorOf carbon dioxideVehicle compartmentPSA discharged outsideA pressurizing device that pressurizes air in contact with one surface of the permeable membrane to enhance the permeation function, or a decompression device that depressurizes air in contact with one surface of the permeable membrane to enhance the permeation function;You may make it provide.Vehicles are often exposed to exhaust gas, and the value of using the air conditioning system of the present invention is high. Moreover, if it does in this way, an air-conditioning object space can be made into a comfortable state in a short time.The permeable membrane isVehicle interiorDecreased due to oxygen consumptionVehicle interiorDepending on the oxygen concentration ofVehicle compartmentFrom outsideVehicle interiorIntroducing oxygen into the PSAVehicle interiorCarbon dioxide generated inVehicle compartmentDrain out. PSA is an abbreviation for Pressure Swing Adsorption, and is a device that separates gas using the difference in adsorption rate depending on the size of molecules. Further, the “permeable membrane that allows oxygen to permeate predominantly” is ideally a permeable membrane that allows only oxygen to pass therethrough.Furthermore, the pressurization device or the decompression device includes an introduction door that only introduces air into the pressurization / decompression space, a first air guide path that introduces air into the pressurization / decompression space via the introduction door, A discharge door for only discharging air from the pressure-reducing space, a second air guide path for discharging air through the discharge door, and a seat provided in the vehicle move up and down due to vibration of the traveling vehicle. And means for pressurizing and depressurizing the pressurizing / depressurizing space. This may be realized by using, for example, a pressurization device or a decompression device that can convert a reciprocating motion such as a diaphragm into a unidirectional pressure. If it is a pressurization device or a decompression device that uses the vertical movement of the seat during traveling, fuel efficiency will not be affected.
[0011]
  An air conditioning system for a vehicle as in the air conditioning system according to claim 4,Vehicle interiorIs a permeable membrane that is preferentially permeable to carbon dioxide, and is installed by replacing a part of the compartment wall that does not allow gas to permeate,Vehicle interiorAnd itsVehicle compartmentA permeable membrane that develops a permeable function due to a difference in the concentration of carbon dioxide with the outside,Vehicle compartmentOxygen outside the dominanceVehicle interiorWith PSAA pressurizing device that pressurizes air in contact with one surface of the permeable membrane to enhance the permeation function, or a decompression device that depressurizes air in contact with one surface of the permeable membrane to enhance the permeation function;You may make it provide.Vehicles are often exposed to exhaust gas, and the value of using the air conditioning system of the present invention is high. Moreover, if it does in this way, an air-conditioning object space can be made into a comfortable state in a short time.The permeable membrane isVehicle interiorIncreased due to the generation of carbon dioxideVehicle interiorDepending on the concentration of carbon dioxideVehicle compartmentTo the outside, PSAVehicle interiorOf oxygen corresponding to the oxygen consumed inVehicle compartmentFrom outsideVehicle interiorTo introduce. Further, the “permeable membrane that allows permeation of carbon dioxide predominantly” is ideally a permeation membrane that allows permeation of only carbon dioxide. Also,"Vehicle interiorOxygen outside the dominanceVehicle interior“PSA to be introduced into” is ideally PSA into which only oxygen is introduced.Furthermore, the pressurization device or the decompression device includes an introduction door that only introduces air into the pressurization / decompression space, a first air guide path that introduces air into the pressurization / decompression space via the introduction door, A discharge door for only discharging air from the pressure-reducing space, a second air guide path for discharging air through the discharge door, and a seat provided in the vehicle move up and down due to vibration of the traveling vehicle. And means for pressurizing and depressurizing the pressurizing / depressurizing space. This may be realized by using, for example, a pressurization device or a decompression device that can convert a reciprocating motion such as a diaphragm into a unidirectional pressure. If it is a pressurization device or a decompression device that uses the vertical movement of the seat during traveling, fuel efficiency will not be affected.
[0012]
  In this way, even in places where air pollution is significant, such as in urban areas and highways,Vehicle interiorCan eliminate or reduce the entry / exit of substances other than oxygen and / or carbon dioxide gas.Vehicle interiorCan be prevented from entering. Also,Vehicle interiorSince there is no entry / exit of substances other than at least one of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas, or less compared to the prior art, the release and inflow of thermal energy are also less than before. Also,Vehicle interiorAnd itsVehicle compartmentBecause it is a permeable membrane that has a permeable function due to the difference in the concentration of permeable gas between the outside and the outside,Vehicle interiorSince the concentration of the permeable gas is the same between the outside and the outside,Vehicle interiorThe air becomes natural and comfortable air for people.
[0013]
  Also,Vehicle interiorWhen a door for people to enter and exit is provided on the wall constituting the door, the door is opened and closed as described in claim 5.Vehicle interiorA pressure adjusting mechanism for adjusting the atmospheric pressure fluctuation of theVehicle interiorIn a state where the door is closed, except for the passage membrane and the pressure adjusting mechanism, it is preferable that the door is a semi-sealed space without a gas entry / exit portion. Examples of the pressure adjustment mechanism include a damper mechanism, an accordion mechanism, a diaphragm mechanism, and the like. If you do this,Vehicle interiorFluctuation of the atmospheric pressure felt by people in the area is reduced and it becomes comfortable.
  Similarly, when a door is provided for people to enter and exit, as described in claim 6, when the door is opened and closedVehicle interiorA pressure adjusting mechanism for adjusting the atmospheric pressure fluctuation of theVehicle interiorIn a state where the door is closed, except for the PSA, the passage membrane and the pressure adjusting mechanism, it is preferable that the door is a quasi-closed space with no gas entry / exit. Examples of the pressure adjustment mechanism include a damper mechanism, an accordion mechanism, a diaphragm mechanism, and the like. If you do this,Vehicle interiorFluctuation of the atmospheric pressure felt by people in the area is reduced and it becomes comfortable.
  By the way, it is not possible to use a permeable membrane or PSA having a performance of preventing substances other than at least one of oxygen and carbon dioxide from entering and exiting due to flow rate and the like, and substances other than oxygen and / or carbon dioxide other than gas. It is also conceivable to use a permeable membrane or PSA that causes a slight amount of water to enter and exit. In such a case, as described in claim 7, it is preferable that a filter for trapping contaminants be installed on the gas inflow path of at least one of the permeable membrane and the PSA. The pollutants include SPM, dust, pollen, bad odor, NOx, HC, DP (diesel particulate), and the like. This way, moreVehicle interiorIt is possible to reduce pollutants that invade.
[0015]
  By the way, such a permeable membrane is claimed.8It is good to be supported by the support body for improving an intensity | strength as described in above.
  Usually, the thinner the permeable membrane, the higher the flow rate of the gas that permeates per unit time. However, if the thickness is reduced, the strength of the permeable membrane is reduced. Therefore, by supporting the permeable membrane by the support, the necessary permeated gas flow rate and strength can be obtained.
[0016]
  The shape of the permeable membrane is claimed9It is good that it is a three-dimensional shape as described in. If the three-dimensional shape is used, the surface area can be increased with a constant apparent area compared to the two-dimensional shape, so that a larger amount of gas can be transmitted.
  As a specific three-dimensional shape, for example, claims10As described in the above, it is good to have a fold-like shape, a protrusion shape, or a diesel particulate trapper shape. If it is these shapes, the flow volume of the gas which permeate | transmits per unit time can be increased efficiently.
[0017]
  By the way, as described in claim 11,Vehicle interiorYou may make it provide the air conditioner of an internal air circulation system which adjusts temperature and humidity of this.
  By having such an air conditioner,Vehicle interiorThe temperature and humidity can be made comfortable.
[0018]
  In addition, as described in claim 12, a part of the wall that constitutes the air passage of the air conditioner is the above-described permeable membrane, and the surface of the permeable membrane opposite to the air passage is in contact with outside air. It is good to be. The air conditioner air passage isVehicle interiorBecause the air passes uniformlyVehicle interiorThe air can be kept in a comfortable state.
[0019]
  Further, as described in claim 13, it is preferable to further include an air purifier of an inside air circulation type for collecting contaminants. This makes it possible to collect contaminants that have entered and invaded people's clothes, and smells emitted by people.Vehicle interiorThe air can be kept in a comfortable state.
[0021]
  By the way, as mentioned aboveVehicle interiorHas a very high airtightness and can suppress the entry of contaminants from the outside as much as possible.Vehicle interiorWhen there are more people than expected, the airtightness is high, so the oxygen concentration decreases or the carbon dioxide concentration increases, which may reduce comfort. In order to prevent this, the following configuration may be adopted.
[0022]
  For example, as described in claim 14,Vehicle interiorIt is preferable to provide a sensor for measuring the oxygen concentration value and the carbon dioxide concentration value, and an informing means for informing the measurement result of the sensor. If it is like this, for exampleVehicle interiorCan know the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration in the space, and can confirm whether each value is within the appropriate range. If it is not within the appropriate range, it is possible to take measures such as opening a window.
[0023]
  According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the notifying unit issues an alarm when the concentration value measured by the sensor is not within a predetermined concentration value range. If this is the case,Vehicle interiorThose who are in the city can know when the concentration value is outside the predetermined range, even if they are not always aware of the oxygen concentration or carbon dioxide concentration in the space.
[0024]
On the other hand, the adjustment may be made automatically so as to obtain an appropriate density value. For example, as described in claim 16, the apparatus further includes auxiliary oxygen releasing means capable of releasing oxygen into the space, and the auxiliary oxygen releasing means has an oxygen concentration value measured by the sensor lower than a predetermined numerical value. Sometimes it is good to release oxygen. The predetermined numerical value may be 19.5 [%], for example. The reason for this numerical value will be described in the embodiment of the invention.
[0025]
  If this is the case, oxygen consumption beyond the capabilities of permeable membranes and PSAVehicle interiorTemporarily or when there is a problem with the permeable membrane or PSAVehicle interiorThe oxygen can be increased and the comfort is increased. In addition, as described in claim 17, further comprising auxiliary carbon dioxide absorbing means capable of temporarily absorbing carbon dioxide in the space, the auxiliary carbon dioxide absorbing means is a carbon dioxide concentration value measured by a sensor. It is preferable that carbon dioxide is absorbed when the value exceeds a predetermined value. As this predetermined numerical value, for example, 1000 [ppm] is preferable. The basis of this numerical value will be described in the embodiment of the invention.
[0026]
  If this is the case, the generation of carbon dioxide that exceeds the capabilities of the permeable membrane, PSA, and carbon dioxide absorption means will occur.Vehicle interiorWhen this occurs, or when there is a problem with the permeable membrane, PSA, or carbon dioxide absorption means, carbon dioxide in the air-conditioned space can be temporarily reduced, and comfort is further improved.
[0027]
On the other hand, even if the auxiliary oxygen releasing means and the auxiliary carbon dioxide absorbing means are not provided, if the concentration value measured by the sensor is not within the predetermined concentration value range as described in claim 18, the outside air is introduced. You may make it provide the external air introduction means to perform. As the outside air introducing means, for example, a ventilation port or a ventilation fan may be used.
[0028]
  Even if it looks like this,Vehicle interiorThe concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide can be made appropriate. By the way, the permeable membrane may be damaged due to various factors. Therefore, it may be as described in claim 19. That is, it is preferable that a breakage detecting unit for detecting breakage of the permeable membrane is further provided, and the notifying unit is configured to notify the fact when the breakage detecting unit detects the breakage of the permeable membrane. As an example of the breakage detection means here, it is conceivable to use a sensor for detecting the airflow to determine that the airflow has suddenly increased and determine that the airflow has broken.
[0029]
In this way, the user can know the breakage of the permeable membrane and can take an appropriate action accordingly.
In addition, due to the nature of the permeable membrane, the performance is greatly reduced when condensation occurs. For this reason, as described in claim 20, further comprising condensation detection means for detecting or estimating the condensation of the permeable membrane, and when the notification means detects or estimates the condensation of the permeable membrane, the fact is indicated. It is good to be notified.
[0030]
  If this is the case, the user can know the state before the condensation occurs on the permeable membrane or as soon as the condensation occurs. Therefore, the user can take some measures, and the permeable membrane. It is possible to prevent performance degradation. Further, in order to prevent condensation and prevent the permeable membrane from functioning when it is not necessary, it is preferable to further include an isolating means for isolating the permeable membrane from the outside air as described in claim 21. When this isolation means works, when there are no people in the air-conditioned space,Vehicle interiorWhen the air condition is appropriate and the permeable membrane does not need to function. As a specific example of the isolation means,Vehicle compartmentA shutter provided on the outside is conceivable. If this is the case, it is useful for preventing condensation of the permeable membrane and extending its life.
[0031]
  By the way, depending on the situation, the oxygen concentration outside the space, that is, outside air is better.Vehicle interiorIt may be lower than that. As a specific example,Vehicle interiorIs when the vehicle is traveling in a tunnel, or when traveling in a high altitude. In such cases,Vehicle interiorOf oxygenVehicle interiorThere is a risk that the oxygen concentration in the space to be air-conditioned will decrease.
[0032]
  In order to avoid such a situation, it is preferable that it is as in claim 22. In other words,Vehicle compartmentOutside oxygen concentration valueVehicle interiorGas permeation stopping means for stopping gas permeation through the permeable membrane may be provided when the oxygen concentration value is lower than this value. As a specific example of the gas permeation stop means,Vehicle interiorSide orVehicle compartmentA shutter provided on the outside is conceivable.
[0033]
  If this is the case,Vehicle interiorOf oxygenVehicle compartmentGo out,Vehicle interiorIt is possible to prevent the oxygen concentration from decreasing. By the way, if the permeable membrane is used for a long period of time, the permeation performance may be deteriorated due to harmful gases, suspended substances, or the like. Therefore, in order to prevent this as much as possible, the permeation of the permeable membrane based on the detection result of the gas concentration sensor for detecting the concentration of a predetermined gas installed in the vicinity of the permeable membrane as described in claim 23. It is preferable to provide a regenerating unit that estimates a decrease in performance and regenerates the permeation performance of the permeable membrane when the permeation performance is lower than a predetermined performance.
[0034]
  If this is the case, the transmission performance can always be kept above a certain level.Vehicle interiorCan keep you comfortable. As a specific example of the reproducing means, for example, as described in claim 24, the permeable membrane is inverted toVehicle interiorSide surface and permeable membraneVehicle compartmentReplace the outer surface, and further permeable membraneVehicle interiorSide gasVehicle compartmentIt is preferable that the regenerating means can be discharged to the outside.
[0035]
In addition, for example, as described in claim 25, a regenerating unit capable of regenerating the permeation performance of the permeation film by heating the permeation film may be used. When the target space is inside the vehicle, the regenerating means may be configured to heat the permeable membrane using the heat of the engine as a heat source. If it becomes like this, the energy efficiency of the whole vehicle will increase.
[0036]
Further, for example, as described in claim 27, a reproducing means adapted to reproduce the permeation performance of the permeable membrane by vibrating the permeable membrane may be used. As a vibration source at this time, for example, as described in claim 28, the reproducing means may vibrate the permeable membrane using ultrasonic waves. With this configuration, the entire permeable membrane can be vibrated over a wide range and evenly.
[0037]
  By the way, the permeable membrane generally has higher permeation performance when it is in a dry state. In addition, generation of mold is suppressed in the dry state. Therefore, as described in claim 29, the permeable membraneVehicle interiorSide orVehicle compartmentIt is preferable that a drying means for drying the gas is provided on at least one of the outer sides. As an example of the drying means, one that blows dry air to dry the permeable membrane can be considered.
[0038]
If it is in this way, since a permeable membrane can be maintained in a dry state, the permeation performance can be secured and the occurrence of mold can be prevented.
By the way, as described in claim 30, the permeable membrane may be a liquid membrane. This liquid membrane is composed of a solid support having micropores and a liquid (eg, polymer or oligomer) supported or immobilized on the solid support, and allows a specific gas to permeate preferentially. It can be done. Even with such a liquid film, the effects described above can be obtained by selecting an appropriate liquid.
[0039]
In addition, as described in claim 31, the permeable membrane has a roll shape, and the permeable membrane permeates based on a detection result of a gas concentration sensor that detects the concentration of a predetermined gas installed in the vicinity of the permeable membrane. A permeation membrane pulling means for pulling out a new permeable membrane in an unused portion may be provided when the degradation in performance is estimated and the permeation performance falls below a predetermined performance.
[0040]
  If it becomes like this, the exchange frequency of a permeable membrane can be reduced, and a user's convenience improves..
[0046]
  By the way, the permeable membrane should be installed in the following places. For example, claim 32As described above, the permeable membrane may be installed so as to constitute all or part of the ceiling of the vehicle. Claims33As described above, the permeable membrane may be installed so as to constitute all or part of the floor of the vehicle. Claims34As described above, the permeable membrane may be installed so as to constitute all or part of the window of the vehicle.
[0047]
In any place, it is possible to secure a relatively flat and wide area compared to other parts, so it is possible to install a permeable membrane with a sufficient area, and there is no problem even when many people get on. Easy to secure.
[0048]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments to which the present invention is applied will be described below with reference to the drawings. The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the following examples, and can take various forms as long as they belong to the technical scope of the present invention.
[0049]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle cut in the front-rear direction. First, a conventional vehicle 30 will be described with reference to FIG. The conventional vehicle 30 includes an air conditioner (not shown), and the air conditioner includes an outside air introduction mode for introducing outside air into the passenger compartment 37, and an inside air circulation mode for circulating the air in the passenger compartment 37 without introducing outside air. have. Further, an underfloor vent 35 is provided under the floor, and a trunk vent 33 is provided in the trunk, which alleviates pressure fluctuations in the compartment 37 that occur when a door (not shown) is opened and closed. As described above, the conventional vehicle 30 is configured such that outside air enters the vehicle compartment 37 when the air conditioner is set to the outside air introduction mode. Further, even if the air conditioner is not set to the outside air introduction mode, the underfloor ventilation is performed. Outside air entered from the mouth 35 and the trunk vent 33.
[0050]
On the other hand, the vehicle 10 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1A does not include vents such as the underfloor vent 35 and the trunk vent 33 of the conventional vehicle 30. An air conditioner (not shown) has only an inside air circulation mode. The vehicle compartment 19 of the vehicle 10 includes a vehicle compartment wall 11, a permeable membrane 13, and a pressure adjustment mechanism 17, and is a semi-sealed space where gas does not enter and exit except for the permeable membrane 13 and the pressure adjustment mechanism 17.
[0051]
The vehicle interior wall 11 is made of a material that does not transmit gas such as iron, aluminum, and glass. Further, the permeable membrane 13 has a property of allowing oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass through preferentially, and is installed under the feet of the front seat of the passenger compartment 19 and in the air passage of the air conditioner.
[0052]
Here, the permeable membrane 13 will be described with reference to the perspective view of FIG. The permeable membrane 13 has a planar shape and is supported by the same planar support 21 that is in close contact with one surface thereof. The support 21 may be in close contact with one side of the permeable membrane 13 or may be in close contact with only part of the permeable membrane 13 to support the permeable membrane 13 ( For example, only the outer periphery is supported). The permeable membrane 13 is made of an organic material containing a polymer, ceramic, or the like, and the shape thereof is a flat membrane, a hollow membrane, a bag-like membrane, or the like. The support 21 is made of ceramic, fiber, porous metal resin, or the like.
[0053]
Thus, since the permeable membrane 13 is supported by the support body 21, strength can be ensured while increasing the amount of gas to be transmitted by making the permeable membrane 13 thinner.
Here, the thickness and area of the permeable membrane 13 are mentioned. Assuming that the boarding capacity of the vehicle 10 is five people, the carbon dioxide discharged by the five people is assumed to be 100 [l / h] (according to environmental standards in the spacecraft). That is, it is about 27.8 [ml] per second. In addition, as an upper limit of the concentration, 1000 [ppm] is defined in the Building Standard Law. Since the carbon dioxide concentration outside the vehicle compartment 19 (that is, in the air) is usually about 300 ppm, when the carbon dioxide concentration in the vehicle compartment 19 reaches the upper limit of 1000 ppm, the vehicle compartment 19 and the outside thereof And the difference in carbon dioxide concentration can be calculated to be about 700 ppm. That is, the partial pressure difference is 76 × 700 × 10.^-8= 0.0532 [cmHg].
[0054]
As a material of the permeable membrane 13, PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane: permeability coefficient = 3200 × 10^-Ten[Cm^Three(STP) cm / cm²When s · cmHg]) is used, the film thickness that can be achieved by a normal production method is about 0.1 [μm]. Therefore, the area of the permeable membrane 13 is

That is, a PDMS film having a size of about 130 [cm] square is required.
[0055]
On the other hand, for oxygen, the lower concentration limit for comfortably is about 19.5 [%], and the oxygen concentration outside the vehicle compartment 19 (that is, in the air) is about 20.9 [%]. Is 1.4 [%]. That is, the partial pressure difference is 76 × 0.014 = 1.06 [cmHg].
[0056]
The PDMS described above can also transmit oxygen, and the gas permeability coefficient of oxygen in PDMS is about 1/6 that of carbon dioxide, but the partial pressure ratio between carbon dioxide and oxygen is about 20 times in the above calculation. If the required permeation amount of carbon dioxide is satisfied, the required permeation amount of oxygen is satisfied. Therefore, if the PDMS membrane having the above-described size is used as the permeable membrane 13, it is possible to secure a permeation amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide that can be comfortably spent by five passengers.
[0057]
In other words, the value of area × permeation coefficient / film thickness is a value obtained by dividing the permeation amount by the partial pressure difference, that is, 27.8 [ml / s] /0.0532 [cmHg] = 520 [ml / s / cmHg] or more can be said to be necessary. This is because transmission amount = partial pressure difference × area × transmission coefficient / film thickness.
[0058]
Next, installation of the permeable membrane 13 will be described. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the vicinity of the blower fan 23 of the air conditioner. The blower fan 23 is installed on the blower path 25. Further, the permeable membrane 13 supported by the support 21 is installed on a part of the wall constituting the blower path 25, and these form a part of the wall of the blower path 25. In addition, the opposite side to the ventilation path 25 of the permeable membrane 13 supported by the support body 21 is in contact with outside air.
[0059]
Next, the pressure adjustment mechanism 17 will be described. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the pressure adjusting mechanism 17 and its surroundings. The pressure adjustment mechanism 17 has a box shape having a buffer space 17a therein, and a half of the pressure adjustment mechanism 17 projects into the vehicle compartment 19 in the hole 11a provided in the vehicle compartment wall 11, and the other half is a vehicle. It is installed so as to protrude outside the chamber 19. A hole 17b is provided in a part of the wall of the pressure adjustment mechanism 17 that protrudes into the vehicle compartment 19, and is closed by a door 17c provided in the buffer space 17a. The door 17c is configured to close the hole 17b by an urging force, and is opened to the buffer space 17a side when a predetermined pressure is applied from the vehicle compartment 19 side. A hole 17d is also provided in a part of the wall of the pressure adjusting mechanism 17 that protrudes outside the vehicle compartment 19, and is closed by a door 17e provided in the buffer space 17a. . The door 17e is configured to close the hole 17d by an urging force, and opens to the buffer space 17a side when a predetermined pressure is applied from the outside of the vehicle compartment 19. The pressure adjustment mechanism 17 is made of a material that does not allow gas to pass therethrough.
[0060]
Since the pressure adjusting mechanism 17 is configured in this way, for example, when the air pressure in the passenger compartment 19 rises instantaneously, for example, when the door is closed, the air in the passenger compartment 19 pushes the door 17c open and cushions. The air that flows into the space 17a pushes out the air originally present in the buffer space 17a out of the vehicle compartment 19 through the gap of the door 17e. On the other hand, for example, when the air pressure in the passenger compartment 19 drops momentarily as when the door is opened, the air outside the passenger compartment 19 pushes the door 17e open and flows into the buffer space 17a. Pushes the air originally present in the buffer space 17a into the vehicle compartment 19 through the gap of the door 17c. Therefore, the air pressure in the vehicle compartment 19 and the air pressure outside the vehicle compartment 19 can be matched while suppressing the contaminated air from flowing into the vehicle compartment 19 from the outside of the vehicle compartment 19.
[0061]
As described so far, according to the vehicle 10 of the embodiment, even when traveling in a place where air pollution is significant, such as a city or a main road, to the passenger compartment 19 of harmful gas or harmful particulates. Can prevent intrusion. And while realizing this, oxygen is supplied to the passenger compartment 19 and carbon dioxide is discharged out of the passenger compartment 19, so that the person in the passenger compartment 19 is comfortable. In addition, since the amount of gas entering and exiting the passenger compartment 19 is small compared to the conventional case, the air conditioning efficiency is also high. In addition, it has high sealing performance, which contributes to improvement of quietness.
[0062]
Other embodiments will be described below.
(1) About the permeable membrane
Although the permeable membrane 13 of the said Example was planar shape, the permeable membrane 13a as shown in the perspective view of FIG. 5 may be sufficient. The permeable membrane 13a has a bowl shape, and the support 21a that supports the permeable membrane 13a is also shaped to match the permeable membrane 13a. In this way, the surface area can be increased without increasing the apparent area of the permeable membrane 13a, and the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide permeated can be increased.
[0063]
Further, although not shown, the surface of the permeable membrane may be formed in a plurality of protrusions like a bed mat. Even if it becomes like this, a surface area can be increased and the permeation | transmission amount of oxygen and a carbon dioxide can be increased.
Further, a permeable membrane 13b as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 6 may be used. This has a diesel particulate trapper shape as a whole, and a plurality of cylinders are combined such that the primary cylinder 27 closed on the one side and the secondary cylinder 29 closed on the other side are adjacent to each other with the opening portions opposite to each other, A permeable membrane 13 b is installed between the primary cylinder 27 and the secondary cylinder 29. Outside air is introduced into the primary cylinder 27, and air in the vehicle compartment 19 is introduced into the secondary cylinder 29.
[0064]
Even the permeable membrane 13b having such a shape can effectively transmit oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Alternatively, a permeable membrane 13c as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 7 may be used. The permeable membrane 13c is a liquid membrane and is composed of a liquid polymer, oligomer, or the like. And the permeable membrane 13c is supported by the support body 21c provided with many micropores 21d.
[0065]
Even with such a permeable membrane 13c, if an appropriate liquid film is selected, oxygen and carbon dioxide can be effectively permeated.
In the above embodiment, the permeable membrane 13 that preferentially permeates both oxygen and carbon dioxide is used. However, a permeable membrane that preferentially permeates oxygen and a permeable membrane that preferentially permeates carbon dioxide are prepared separately. And each may be installed. Even in this case, the same effect as in the above embodiment can be obtained.
[0066]
Moreover, you may combine the permeable membrane which permeate | transmits oxygen preferentially, and the carbon dioxide absorber which absorbs a carbon dioxide. Moreover, you may combine the permeable membrane which permeate | transmits oxygen preferentially, and PSA comprised so that a carbon dioxide can be discharged | emitted from the vehicle interior 19 out of the vehicle interior 19. Further, a permeable membrane that allows permeation of carbon dioxide preferentially and a PSA configured so that oxygen can be introduced into the passenger compartment 19 from outside the passenger compartment 19 may be combined. In any of these methods, the same effect as in the above embodiment can be obtained.
[0067]
(2) Pressure adjustment mechanism
As another shape of the pressure adjusting mechanism, a pressure adjusting mechanism 171 shown in FIG. 8 can be considered. The same components as those of the pressure adjusting mechanism 17 shown in FIG. The difference from the pressure adjustment mechanism 17 shown in FIG. 4 is the position of the door 17 f that closes the hole 17 d of the portion protruding outside the vehicle compartment 19. The door 17e of the pressure adjusting mechanism 17 shown in FIG. 4 is attached to the buffer space 17a, but the door 17f of the pressure adjusting mechanism 171 shown in FIG. 7 is attached outside the buffer space 17a, that is, outside the vehicle compartment 19. It has been. The door 17f is configured to close the hole 17d by an urging force, and opens to the outside of the vehicle compartment 19 when a predetermined pressure is applied from the buffer space 17a side.
[0068]
In this case, for example, when the air pressure in the passenger compartment 19 rises instantaneously, for example, when the door is closed, the air in the buffer space 17a is more likely to go out of the passenger compartment 19, so that FIG. The air pressure in the passenger compartment 19 can be made to coincide with the air pressure outside the passenger compartment 19 more quickly than in the case where the pressure adjusting mechanism 17 shown in FIG.
[0069]
A pressure adjustment mechanism 172 as shown in FIG. 9 is also conceivable. The same components as those of the pressure adjusting mechanism 17 shown in FIG. The difference from the pressure adjustment mechanism 17 shown in FIG. 4 is the shape of the portion protruding out of the passenger compartment 19. In the case of the pressure adjustment mechanism 173 shown in FIG. 9, an accordion-like expansion / contraction part 17g is provided, and the volume of the buffer space 17a can be changed by extending / contracting in the vertical direction with respect to the passenger compartment wall 11.
[0070]
For this reason, for example, when the air pressure in the passenger compartment 19 increases momentarily, for example, when the door is closed, or when the air pressure in the passenger compartment 19 decreases instantaneously, such as when the door is opened. The expansion / contraction part 17g expands and contracts and the volume of the buffer space 17a changes, whereby the air pressure in the vehicle compartment 19 and the air pressure outside the vehicle compartment 19 can be matched.
[0071]
A pressure adjustment mechanism 173 as shown in FIG. 10 is also conceivable. The same components as those of the pressure adjusting mechanism 17 shown in FIG. The difference from the pressure adjustment mechanism 17 shown in FIG. 4 is the shape of the portion protruding out of the passenger compartment 19. In the case of the pressure adjustment mechanism 173 shown in FIG. 10, a piston-like expansion / contraction part 17 h is provided, and the volume of the buffer space 17 a can be changed by moving in a direction perpendicular to the vehicle compartment wall 11.
[0072]
For this reason, for example, when the air pressure in the passenger compartment 19 increases momentarily, for example, when the door is closed, or when the air pressure in the passenger compartment 19 decreases instantaneously, such as when the door is opened. When the expansion / contraction part 17h moves and the volume of the buffer space 17a changes, the atmospheric pressure in the passenger compartment 19 and the atmospheric pressure outside the passenger compartment 19 can be matched.
[0073]
(3) About filters and air purifiers
A filter that collects SPM, dust, pollen, malodor, NOx, HC, and the like may be further provided on the permeable membrane 13 described above. This filter may be provided on the air passage 25 side of the permeable membrane 13 or may be on the outside air side.
[0074]
By installing such a filter, it is possible to collect contaminants that pass through the permeable membrane 13 only slightly, and it is possible to further reduce contaminants that enter the vehicle compartment 19.
Further, an air purifier that collects SPM, dust, pollen, malodor, NOx, HC, and the like may be installed in the passenger compartment 19. Even in such a case, it is possible to collect contaminants that pass through the permeable membrane 13 only slightly, contaminants that have infiltrated and infiltrated on the clothes of people, smells emitted from people, and the like. The comfort level is improved.
[0075]
  (4) About pressurizer and decompressor
  A pressurizing device is provided on the outside air side or the cabin 19 side of the permeable membrane 13 so as to increase the permeation performance by increasing the pressure of the air in contact with the permeable membrane 13.Do. Further, a pressure reducing device may be used instead of the pressure device. In short, the partial pressure difference of the target gas between the outside air side and the passenger compartment 19 side of the permeable membrane 13 is increased.TheThis is because permeation performance improves when the partial pressure difference increases.
[0076]
A specific pressurizing device or pressure reducing device may be a pressure increasing / decreasing device 40 as shown in the image diagram of FIG. FIG. 11A is an image diagram when the seat 41 is lifted by the vibration of the vehicle 10. When the seat 41 rises, the pressure in the pressurizing / depressurizing space 43 (the space partitioned by the introduction door 45 and the discharge door 47 in the air guide path 49) decreases. As a result, the introduction door 45 is opened, the discharge door 47 is closed, and air is introduced into the pressurization / decompression space 43. The introduction door 45 is configured to open only to the pressurization / decompression space 43 side and not open to the opposite side. Further, the discharge door 47 is configured to open only on the side opposite to the pressurizing / decompressing space 43 side and not open to the pressurizing / depressurizing space 43 side.
[0077]
FIG. 11B is an image diagram when the seat 41 is lowered by the vibration of the vehicle 10. When the seat 41 descends, the air pressure in the pressurization / decompression space 43 increases. As a result, the introduction door 45 is closed and the discharge door 47 is opened, and the air is discharged from the pressurization / decompression space 43. In this way, a unidirectional airflow is generated in the air guide passage 49, and the permeation performance of the permeable membrane 13 can be improved by using this airflow.
[0083]
If it becomes like this, a passenger | crew can know the oxygen concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration of the vehicle interior 19, and can confirm whether each value is settled in the appropriate range. If it is not within the proper range, it can ventilate by opening the window.
[0084]
Even if the occupant does not consciously check the oxygen concentration or carbon dioxide concentration, if the measurement result is not within a predetermined range, for example, an alarm may be given. As the predetermined range, for example, the oxygen concentration may be set to 19.5 [%] or more, and the carbon dioxide concentration may be set to 1000 [ppm] or less.
[0085]
If this is the case, it is possible to actively inform the passenger that the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration in the passenger compartment 19 are not within the predetermined ranges, and to keep the comfortable state constantly by encouraging ventilation. .
Of course, the occupant may not be ventilated but may be provided with a ventilation fan (corresponding to the outside air introducing means described in the claims) that operates according to the oxygen concentration or the carbon dioxide concentration. That is, when the oxygen concentration value or the carbon dioxide concentration value deviates from within an appropriate range, the ventilation fan may be operated based on information that the oxygen concentration value or the carbon dioxide concentration value has deviated.
[0086]
Furthermore, a sensor (corresponding to the breakage detection means described in the claims) that detects the amount of air that passes through the permeable membrane is provided, and when the sensor detects an amount of air that exceeds the assumed air volume, an alarm etc. It is good to make an alarm at. Detecting an air volume that exceeds the expected air volume is presumed to cause damage to the permeable membrane, so if this is the case, it is possible to prevent passengers from spending time in the passenger compartment without being aware of the damage to the permeable membrane. Can do.
[0087]
In addition, due to the nature of the permeable membrane, the performance is greatly reduced when condensation occurs. For this reason, a sensor (condensation detection means described in the claims) that can detect or estimate the condensation of the permeable membrane is provided, and when the sensor detects or estimates the condensation, an alarm is given to the occupant. It is good to come to do.
[0088]
If this is the case, the occupant can know the state of the permeable membrane before condensation occurs or as soon as condensation occurs, so the occupant can take some measures and the performance of the permeable membrane. A decrease can be prevented.
By the way, the permeable membrane generally has higher permeation performance when it is in a dry state. In addition, generation of mold is suppressed in the dry state. For this reason, it is good to provide the dehumidification apparatus (equivalent to the drying means as described in a claim) in the at least one of the air-conditioning object space side or the air-conditioning object space outer side of a permeable membrane.
[0089]
If it is in this way, since the permeable membrane 13 can be kept in a dry state, the permeation performance can be ensured and the occurrence of mold can be suppressed.
Further, in order to prevent condensation and prevent the permeable membrane from functioning except when necessary, the permeable membrane 13 is used when it is not necessary to use the permeable membrane, such as when there is no person in the passenger compartment 19. It is preferable that the permeable membrane is isolated from the outside air by a shutter (corresponding to the isolation means described in the claims) covering the outside of the passenger compartment.
[0090]
Providing such a shutter helps prevent condensation of the permeable membrane 13 and maintains its performance.
Further, it may be forcibly adjusted so that an appropriate density value is automatically obtained. Specifically, an oxygen cylinder (corresponding to the auxiliary oxygen releasing means described in the claims) and a carbon dioxide adsorbent (corresponding to the auxiliary carbon dioxide absorbing means described in the claims) are provided. It is good to. When the oxygen concentration value measured by the oxygen concentration sensor is lower than the predetermined numerical value, oxygen is released, and when the carbon dioxide concentration value measured by the carbon dioxide concentration sensor exceeds the predetermined numerical value. In addition, it should be designed to absorb carbon dioxide. As the predetermined numerical value, for example, a numerical value such as 19.5 [%] for the oxygen concentration and 1000 [ppm] for the carbon dioxide concentration may be used.
[0091]
If this is the case, when oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide generation exceeding the capabilities of the permeable membrane or PSA occur in the vehicle compartment 19 or when there is a malfunction in the permeable membrane or PSA, etc. Comfortable oxygen concentration value and carbon dioxide concentration can be achieved, and comfort is enhanced.
[0092]
(6) Installation position of permeable membrane
As the installation position of the permeable membrane 13, the permeable membrane 13 may be installed so as to constitute all or part of the ceiling of the vehicle 10. Further, the permeable membrane 13 may be installed so as to constitute all or part of the floor of the vehicle 10. Further, the permeable membrane 13 may be installed so as to constitute all or part of the window of the vehicle 10.
[0093]
In any place, a relatively flat and wide area can be secured, so that a permeable membrane having a sufficient area can be installed, and even when a large number of people get on, performance without problems can be secured.
By the way, depending on the situation, the oxygen concentration outside the passenger compartment 19, that is, outside air may be lower than that in the passenger compartment 19. Specific examples include when the vehicle 10 is traveling in a tunnel or when traveling on a high altitude. In such a case, oxygen in the vehicle compartment 19 may go out of the vehicle compartment 19 through the permeable membrane 13, and the oxygen concentration in the vehicle compartment 19 may decrease.
[0094]
In order to avoid such a situation, when the oxygen concentration value outside the passenger compartment 19 becomes lower than the oxygen concentration value in the passenger compartment 19, a shutter device that shuts off the permeable membrane 13 and the outside air (claims). It is preferable to provide a gas permeation stop means described in the range.
By providing such a shutter device, it is possible to prevent oxygen in the passenger compartment 19 from going out of the passenger compartment 19 and a decrease in oxygen concentration in the passenger compartment 19.
[0095]
(7) Regeneration of permeable membrane
By the way, if the permeable membrane 13 is used for a long period of time, the permeation performance may be deteriorated due to harmful gas, floating substance, or the like. Therefore, in order to prevent this as much as possible, various sensors are used to estimate the decrease in the permeation performance of the permeable membrane 13, and when the permeation performance falls below the predetermined performance, the permeation performance of the permeable membrane is regenerated. It is good to be allowed to.
[0096]
As a specific regeneration method, for example, as shown in FIG. 13, at the time of regeneration, the compartment door 51 is closed and the discharge door 53 is opened, and the permeable membrane 13 is further rotated 180 degrees around the rotation shaft 55. Then, by lowering the pressure of the permeable membrane 13 on the side of the vehicle compartment 19 (or increasing the pressure on the outside of the vehicle compartment 19), the suspended substances and the like are separated from the permeable membrane 13 and discharged from the discharge port to restore the permeation performance. Let
[0097]
Further, as shown in FIG. 14A, a heater 61a is placed in close contact with the permeable membrane 13, and the permeable membrane 13 is rotated by 180 degrees around the rotation shaft 55 during reproduction, and the heater 61a is used for transmission. The suspended substance or the like may be peeled off from the permeable membrane 13 by heating the membrane 13. In addition, it is good to discharge | emit the floating substance etc. by making it peel off and closing the compartment side door 51 as shown in FIG. Further, the determination as to whether or not to perform such a series of regeneration processing is based on information from two oxygen concentration sensors 65 installed on the side of the vehicle compartment 19 and outside of the vehicle compartment 19 with the permeable membrane 13 interposed therebetween. The control unit (not shown) may be performed by determining a decrease in the transmission capability of the permeable membrane 13. For example, if the time required for the oxygen concentration difference between the compartment 19 side and the outside of the compartment 19 to be equal is longer than the past results, the permeation ability of the permeable membrane 13 has decreased. It is good to come to judge.
[0098]
Further, as shown in FIG. 14B, a heater 61b is installed in a vent on the outside of the passenger compartment of the permeable membrane 13, and the permeable membrane 13 is rotated 180 degrees around the rotation shaft 63 during the regeneration and introduced by the heater 61b. The gas may be heated, and the heated introduced gas may permeate through the permeable membrane 13 so that the suspended substance or the like attached to the permeable membrane 13 is peeled off. Note that, as shown in FIG. 12, the separated suspended matter or the like is preferably discharged outside the vehicle by closing the passenger compartment side door 51 and opening the discharge door 53.
[0099]
The heaters 61a and 61b may be configured by heating wires, and may generate heat when electricity is supplied. However, the heaters 61a and 61b may generate heat by introducing heat from the engine. Specifically, it may be realized by guiding engine coolant. If the engine heat is used in this way, the energy efficiency of the entire vehicle increases.
[0100]
Further, the suspended material or the like may be peeled off by vibrating the permeable membrane 13. As a method of vibrating, it may be realized by providing a vibrator on the permeable membrane 13. However, by installing an ultrasonic generator near the permeable membrane 13 and applying ultrasonic waves to the permeable membrane, the permeable membrane 13 is provided. The suspended matter may be peeled off by vibrating. Even in such a case, it is preferable that the permeable membrane 13 is rotated so that the separated suspended substance or the like is discharged out of the passenger compartment.
[0101]
Several methods for regenerating the permeation performance of the permeable membrane 13 have been described. However, the permeable membrane 13 may be formed in a roll shape and drawn out as much as necessary from the roll. When the permeation performance is lowered, it is preferable that the permeation film 13 is newly pulled out from the roll and the pulled-out portion is used.
[0102]
Even if it becomes like this, permeation | transmission performance can be maintained and a comfortable vehicle interior space can be implement | achieved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle according to an embodiment and a conventional vehicle.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a permeable membrane and a support that supports the permeable membrane.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the vicinity of a blower fan of an air conditioner.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a pressure adjusting mechanism.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view for explaining another example of a permeable membrane.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view for explaining another example of a permeable membrane.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view for explaining another example of a permeable membrane.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view for explaining another shape of the pressure adjusting mechanism.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view for explaining another shape of the pressure adjusting mechanism.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view for explaining another shape of the pressure adjusting mechanism.
FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an example of a pressurizing device and a decompressing device.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle according to another embodiment and a conventional vehicle.
FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a method of regenerating a permeable membrane.
FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a method of regenerating a permeable membrane.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Vehicle, 11 ... Vehicle compartment wall, 11a ... Hole, 13 ... Permeation membrane, 13a ... Permeation membrane, 13b ... Permeation membrane, 13c ... Permeation membrane, 17 ... Pressure adjustment mechanism, 17a ... Buffer space, 17b ... Hole, 17c ... door, 17d ... hole, 17e ... door, 17f ... door, 17g ... telescopic part, 17h ... telescopic part, 19 ... vehicle compartment, 21 ... support, 21a ... support, 21c ... support, 21d ... micropore , 23 ... Blower fan, 25 ... Blower passage, 27 ... Primary cylinder, 29 ... Secondary cylinder, 40 ... Pressure increasing / decreasing device, 41 ... Seat, 43 ... Pressurizing / decompressing space, 45 ... Introduction door, 47 ... Discharge door, 49 ... Air guide path, 51 ... Vehicle compartment side door, 53 ... Discharge door, 55 ... Rotating shaft, 61a ... Heater, 61b ... Heater, 63 ... Rotating shaft, 65 ... Oxygen concentration sensor, 100 ... Vehicle, 171 ... Pressure adjustment mechanism, 172 ... Pressure adjustment mechanism, 173 ... Pressure adjustment mechanism

Claims (34)

An air conditioning system for a vehicle,
A vehicle interior wall that constitutes the interior of the vehicle and does not allow gas to pass through;
The casing was established by replacing a part of the wall, an oxygen and a permeable membrane which carbon dioxide is predominantly transmitted through, by the density difference between the gas between the chamber and the chamber outside of the vehicle of the vehicle A permeable membrane exhibiting a permeable function;
A pressurizing device that pressurizes air in contact with one surface of the permeable membrane to enhance the permeation function, or a decompression device that depressurizes air in contact with one surface of the permeable membrane to enhance the permeation function ;
The permeable membrane, oxygen is introduced into the interior of the vehicle from the chamber outside of the vehicle in accordance with the oxygen concentration in the room of the vehicle decreases by the oxygen is consumed by the chamber of the vehicle, in a room of the vehicle to discharge carbon dioxide to the chamber outside of the vehicle in accordance with the concentration of carbon dioxide in the room of the vehicle that is increased by the carbon dioxide generated,
In the air conditioning system characterized by
The pressurization device or the decompression device includes an introduction door for only introducing air into the pressurization / decompression space, and a first air guide path for introducing air into the pressurization / decompression space via the introduction door A discharge door for only discharging air from the pressure-reducing space, a second air guide path for discharging air through the discharge door, and vibration of a vehicle in which a seat provided in the vehicle is traveling An air conditioning system comprising: a unit that pressurizes and depressurizes the pressurizing / depressurizing space by moving up and down . An air conditioning system for a vehicle,
A vehicle interior wall that constitutes the interior of the vehicle and does not allow gas to pass through;
Was established by replacing a part of the casing wall, a permeable membrane which predominantly permeable to oxygen, transmission function is expressed by the concentration difference of oxygen between the indoor and the chamber outside of the vehicle of the vehicle A permeable membrane;
Carbon dioxide absorption means for absorbing carbon dioxide installed in the vehicle interior ;
A pressurizing device that pressurizes air in contact with one surface of the permeable membrane to enhance the permeation function, or a decompression device that depressurizes air in contact with one surface of the permeable membrane to enhance the permeation function ;
The permeable membrane, oxygen is introduced into the interior of the vehicle from the chamber outside of the vehicle in accordance with the oxygen concentration in the room of the vehicle decreases by the oxygen is consumed by the chamber of the vehicle,
The carbon dioxide absorbing means absorbs carbon dioxide generated in the interior of the vehicle ;
In the air conditioning system characterized by
The pressurization device or the decompression device includes an introduction door for only introducing air into the pressurization / decompression space, and a first air guide path for introducing air into the pressurization / decompression space via the introduction door A discharge door for only discharging air from the pressure-reducing space, a second air guide path for discharging air through the discharge door, and vibration of a vehicle in which a seat provided in the vehicle is traveling An air conditioning system comprising: a unit that pressurizes and depressurizes the pressurizing / depressurizing space by moving up and down . An air conditioning system for a vehicle,
A vehicle interior wall that constitutes the interior of the vehicle and does not allow gas to pass through;
Was established by replacing a part of the casing wall, a permeable membrane which predominantly permeable to oxygen, transmission function is expressed by the concentration difference of oxygen between the indoor and the chamber outside of the vehicle of the vehicle A permeable membrane;
And PSA for discharging the chamber outside of predominantly the vehicle compartment of the carbon dioxide of the vehicle,
A pressurizing device that pressurizes air in contact with one surface of the permeable membrane to enhance the permeation function, or a decompression device that depressurizes air in contact with one surface of the permeable membrane to enhance the permeation function ;
The permeable membrane, oxygen is introduced into the interior of the vehicle from the chamber outside of the vehicle in accordance with the oxygen concentration in the room of the vehicle decreases by the oxygen is consumed by the chamber of the vehicle,
The PSA is possible to discharge the carbon dioxide generated in the interior of the vehicle to the chamber outside of the vehicle,
In the air conditioning system characterized by
The pressurization device or the decompression device includes an introduction door for only introducing air into the pressurization / decompression space, and a first air guide path for introducing air into the pressurization / decompression space via the introduction door A discharge door for only discharging air from the pressure-reducing space, a second air guide path for discharging air through the discharge door, and vibration of a vehicle in which a seat provided in the vehicle is traveling An air conditioning system comprising: a unit that pressurizes and depressurizes the pressurizing / depressurizing space by moving up and down . An air conditioning system for a vehicle,
A vehicle interior wall that constitutes the interior of the vehicle and does not allow gas to pass through;
Was established by replacing a part of the casing wall, a permeable membrane which predominantly permeable carbon dioxide, transmission function by the density difference of carbon dioxide between the interior and the chamber outside of the vehicle of the vehicle A developing permeable membrane,
And PSA to be introduced into the room of predominantly the vehicle the chamber outside of the oxygen of the vehicle,
A pressurizing device that pressurizes air in contact with one surface of the permeable membrane to enhance the permeation function, or a decompression device that depressurizes air in contact with one surface of the permeable membrane to enhance the permeation function ;
The permeable membrane, carbon dioxide emissions into the chamber outside of the vehicle in accordance with the concentration of carbon dioxide in the room of the vehicle carbon dioxide in the room is increased by the occurrence of the vehicle,
The PSA comprises introducing oxygen in an amount corresponding to the oxygen consumed by the chamber of the vehicle compartment of the vehicle from the chamber outside of the vehicle,
In the air conditioning system characterized by
The pressurization device or the decompression device includes an introduction door for only introducing air into the pressurization / decompression space, and a first air guide path for introducing air into the pressurization / decompression space via the introduction door A discharge door for only discharging air from the pressure-reducing space, a second air guide path for discharging air through the discharge door, and vibration of a vehicle in which a seat provided in the vehicle is traveling An air conditioning system comprising: a unit that pressurizes and depressurizes the pressurizing / depressurizing space by moving up and down . In the air conditioning system according to claim 1 or 2,
A door is provided on a part of the vehicle compartment wall, and further includes a pressure adjustment mechanism for adjusting the pressure fluctuation in the vehicle interior when the door is opened and closed,
The interior of the vehicle is a semi-enclosed space with no gas entry and exit, except for the passage membrane and the pressure adjustment mechanism, with the door closed.
An air conditioning system characterized by In the air conditioning system according to claim 3 or 4,
A door is provided on a part of the vehicle compartment wall, and further includes a pressure adjustment mechanism for adjusting the pressure fluctuation in the vehicle interior when the door is opened and closed,
The interior of the vehicle is a quasi-enclosed space with no gas entry and exit except for the PSA, the passage membrane, and the pressure adjustment mechanism when the door is closed.
An air conditioning system characterized by In the air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
Furthermore, the air-conditioning system characterized by installing the filter which capture | acquires a pollutant on the gas inflow path of at least one of the said permeable membrane and said PSA. In the air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The air-permeable system, wherein the permeable membrane is supported by a support for improving strength. In the air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
The air-permeable system, wherein the permeable membrane has a three-dimensional shape. The air conditioning system according to claim 9,
2. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional shape of the permeable membrane is any one of a folded shape, a protruding shape, and a diesel particulate trapper shape. In the air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
The air conditioning system further comprises an air conditioner that adjusts the temperature and humidity in the interior of the vehicle . The air conditioning system according to claim 11,
A part of the wall constituting the air passage of the air conditioner is the permeable membrane, and the surface of the permeable membrane opposite to the air passage is in contact with outside air. The air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
Furthermore, the air-conditioning system characterized by providing the inside air circulation type air purifier which collects contaminants. In the air-conditioning system in any one of Claims 1-13,
Furthermore,
A sensor for detecting a concentration of a predetermined gas in the vehicle interior ;
An informing means for informing a measurement result of the sensor;
An air conditioning system comprising: The air conditioning system according to claim 14,
The air-conditioning system characterized in that the informing means issues an alarm when the concentration value measured by the sensor is not within a predetermined concentration value range. The air conditioning system according to claim 14 or 15,
Furthermore, an auxiliary oxygen releasing means capable of releasing oxygen into the vehicle interior is provided,
The sensor detects the concentration of oxygen,
The air conditioning system, wherein the auxiliary oxygen releasing means releases oxygen when an oxygen concentration value measured by the sensor is below a predetermined numerical value. The air conditioning system according to any one of claims 14 to 16,
Furthermore, an auxiliary carbon dioxide absorbing means capable of absorbing carbon dioxide in the vehicle interior is provided,
The sensor detects the concentration of carbon dioxide,
The auxiliary carbon dioxide absorbing means absorbs carbon dioxide when the carbon dioxide concentration value measured by the sensor exceeds a predetermined numerical value. The air conditioning system according to claim 14 or 15,
The air conditioning system further comprises outside air introduction means for introducing outside air when the concentration value measured by the sensor is not within a predetermined concentration value range. The air conditioning system according to any one of claims 14 to 18,
Furthermore, it comprises a breakage detection means for detecting breakage of the permeable membrane,
An air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein when the breakage detecting means detects breakage of the permeable membrane, the notifying means notifies that fact. In the air-conditioning system in any one of Claims 1-19,
Furthermore, a dew condensation detecting means for detecting or estimating dew condensation of the permeable membrane is provided,
An air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the notification means notifies the fact when the condensation detection means detects or estimates the condensation of the permeable membrane. In the air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 20,
The air conditioning system further comprises an isolating means for isolating the permeable membrane from outside air. In the air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 21,
Further, when the oxygen concentration value of the outside chamber of the vehicle becomes lower than the oxygen concentration value of the room of the vehicle, characterized in that it comprises a gas permeable stopping means for stopping the gas permeation by the permeable membrane Air conditioning system. In the air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 22,
When a decrease in the permeation performance of the permeation membrane is estimated based on the detection result of a gas concentration sensor that detects the concentration of a predetermined gas installed in the vicinity of the permeation membrane, and the permeation performance is lower than the predetermined performance An air conditioning system comprising a regeneration means for regenerating the permeation performance of the permeable membrane. The air conditioning system according to claim 23,
Said reproducing means, said permeable membrane to invert the interchanging the chamber outer surface of the vehicle interior side surface and the permeable membrane of the vehicle of the permeable membrane, further the interior side of the vehicle of the permeable membrane air conditioning system characterized by regenerating the permeability of the permeable membrane by discharging the gas into the chamber outside of the vehicle. In the air conditioning system according to claim 23 or claim 24,
The regenerating unit regenerates the permeation performance of the permeable membrane by heating the permeable membrane. The air conditioning system according to claim 25,
Before SL reproducing means, the air conditioning system, which comprises heating the permeable membrane using heat of the engine. In the air conditioning system according to any one of claims 23 to 26,
The regenerating unit regenerates the permeation performance of the permeable membrane by vibrating the permeable membrane. The air conditioning system according to claim 27,
The regenerating unit vibrates the permeable membrane using ultrasonic waves. In the air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 28,
Furthermore, the indoor side or the at least one chamber outside of the vehicle of the vehicle of the permeable membrane, the air conditioning system characterized in that it comprises a drying device to dry the gas. The air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 29,
An air conditioning system in which the permeable membrane is a liquid membrane. The air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 29,
The permeable membrane is in a roll shape,
When a decrease in the permeation performance of the permeation membrane is estimated based on the detection result of a gas concentration sensor that detects the concentration of a predetermined gas installed in the vicinity of the permeation membrane, and the permeation performance is lower than the predetermined performance An air conditioning system comprising a permeable membrane pulling means for pulling out a new permeable membrane in an unused part. In claims 1 to 3 1 air conditioning system according to any one of,
The air-permeable system, wherein the permeable membrane constitutes all or part of a vehicle ceiling. In claims 1 to 3 1 air conditioning system according to any one of,
The air-permeable system, wherein the permeable membrane constitutes all or part of a vehicle floor. In claims 1 to 3 1 air conditioning system according to any one of,
An air conditioning system, wherein the permeable membrane constitutes all or part of a vehicle window.

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