JP2007290690A - Air-conditioning system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air-conditioning system providing comfort to a person existing in an object space under air-conditioning, while preventing intrusion of contaminants into the object space. <P>SOLUTION: A cabin 19 is constituted by a cabin wall 11 having a material and a structure not permeating a gas; and a selection separation material 13 having function for preferentially permeating oxygen and carbon dioxide and shutting off hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide and a fine solid component. According to such a constitution, intrusion of the contaminant into the cabin 19 is suppressed and comfortability is also retained. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an air conditioning system that prevents as much as possible harmful gas and harmful fine particles from entering an air conditioning target space.

  Conventionally, an automobile has an outside air introduction mode in which air is introduced from the outside of the passenger compartment and heated or cooled to be supplied to the passenger compartment, and an inside air circulation mode in which air is heated or cooled while circulating the air in the passenger compartment. It has an air conditioner. In recent years, in order to improve the performance of blocking sound entering the passenger compartment, measures such as increasing the accuracy of vehicle assembly have been taken, and the tightness of the passenger compartment has been further increased.

However, this increase in the degree of airtightness in the passenger compartment may lead to a decrease in oxygen concentration or an increase in carbon dioxide concentration when many passengers ride for a long time, causing headaches and discomfort to the passengers. was there. For this reason, a filter having a permeable membrane that discharges carbon dioxide in the vehicle interior to the outside of the vehicle interior and allows oxygen outside the vehicle interior to pass through the vehicle interior prevents an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration and a decrease in the oxygen concentration in the vehicle interior. There is known a technique for maintaining the comfort (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2004-203367 A

  However, in the air conditioning system using the above filter, oxygen and carbon dioxide can be permeated, so that the oxygen concentration in the passenger compartment can be kept constant. Such as hydrocarbons (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as hydrocarbon, HC), nitrogen oxides (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as NOx) and fine solid components (also called suspended particulate matter) Hereinafter, SPM (Suspended Particular Matter) may also be transmitted).

  Therefore, when traveling on a city or highway with heavy traffic such as trucks, or traveling behind a diesel engine vehicle such as a truck, they will invade the interior of the vehicle. Comfort could not be improved.

  The present invention has been made in view of these problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a comfort to a person in an air-conditioning target space by preventing the entry of contaminants into the air-conditioning target space.

  The air conditioning system according to claim 1, which is made to solve such a problem, constitutes an air conditioning target space, and an air conditioning system is constituted by a wall that does not allow gas to pass therethrough and a selective separation material. The selective separation material has a function of preferentially permeating oxygen and carbon dioxide and blocking hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and fine solid components.

  Further, the permeability coefficient P1 of oxygen and carbon dioxide and the permeability coefficient P2 of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and minute solid components are made of a material satisfying P1 / P2> 10.

  Here, “a wall that does not allow gas to pass through” means a wall that does not allow the passage of gas and dust having a molecular structure larger than that of gas. The “selective separation material that allows permeation of oxygen and carbon dioxide” is a selective separation material that permeates only oxygen and carbon dioxide.

  In addition, “selective separation material that cuts off hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and fine solid components” ideally means that hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and fine solid components are almost complete. It is a selective separating material that shuts off.

The property of this selective separation material can be explained by the level of the permeability coefficient P expressed by the product of the solubility coefficient S and the diffusion coefficient D as follows.
The selective separation material is easy to dissolve oxygen and carbon dioxide. That is, the solubility coefficient S with respect to oxygen and carbon dioxide is high. Therefore, oxygen and carbon dioxide are likely to be taken into the selective separation material on the contact surface with oxygen and carbon dioxide, that is, on the surface of the selective separation material.

  Furthermore, the selective separation material has a high diffusion coefficient D with respect to oxygen and carbon dioxide. Therefore, oxygen and carbon dioxide taken from the surface of the selective separation material can easily move inside the selective separation material from a thicker one to a thinner one.

  Thus, since the selective separation material has both the solubility coefficient S and the diffusion coefficient D with respect to oxygen and carbon dioxide, the permeation coefficient P is also increased. Therefore, oxygen and carbon dioxide can permeate.

  Conversely, the selective separation material is difficult to dissolve hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components. That is, the selective separation material has a low solubility coefficient S for hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and fine solid components. Therefore, on the surface of the selective separation material, those substances are not easily taken into the selective separation material.

  Moreover, the selective separation material has a low diffusion coefficient D with respect to hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and fine solid components. Therefore, even if those substances are taken into the selective separation material from the surface of the selective separation material, the inside of the selective separation material cannot be easily moved.

  Thus, since the selective separation material has a low solubility coefficient S and diffusion coefficient D for hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and fine solid components, the permeation coefficient P is also low. Therefore, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components can be blocked.

  According to such an air conditioning system, carbon dioxide is discharged out of the air conditioning target space due to the concentration difference between oxygen and carbon dioxide inside and outside the air conditioning target space, oxygen is introduced into the air conditioning target space, and hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxidation Since objects, sulfur oxides, and minute solid components can be blocked, the air-conditioned space can be kept comfortable.

  In other words, when there is a passenger or the like in the air conditioning target space, the oxygen concentration in the air conditioning target space gradually decreases and the carbon dioxide concentration gradually increases. However, since the oxygen concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration outside the air-conditioning target space are constant, a concentration difference occurs so that the oxygen concentration is high outside the air-conditioning target space and low inside the air-conditioning target space. On the other hand, the carbon dioxide concentration has a concentration difference so that the outside of the air-conditioning target space is low and the inside of the air-conditioning target space is high.

  At this time, since the selective separation material has a high permeability coefficient P with respect to oxygen and carbon dioxide, oxygen and carbon dioxide are dissolved in the selective separation material, and then diffuse from the higher concentration side to the lower side. That is, oxygen is introduced into the air-conditioning target space due to a concentration difference between inside and outside the air-conditioning target space, and carbon dioxide is discharged out of the air-conditioning target space.

  Further, since the selective separation material has a low permeation coefficient P for hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and fine solid components, it does not penetrate hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and fine solid components. Therefore, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and minute solid components do not enter the air-conditioning target space.

  By the way, for oxygen and carbon dioxide, the concentration difference between the outside air and the inside air due to the breathing of the occupants in the air-conditioning target space is generally 1000 ppm or more, but the outside air of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components. In general, the difference in the concentration between the inside air and the inside air is 10 ppm or less at maximum on a road with a large amount of vehicle traffic.

  In addition, the selective separation material is characterized in that the permeation function is expressed by the difference in the concentration of the permeable gas between the air-conditioning target space and the outside of the air-conditioning target space. , Hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and permeation coefficients P2 of minute solid components are composed of materials satisfying P1 / P2> 10, and the permeation amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, nitrogen The permeation ratio of the oxide, the sulfur oxide and the fine solid component is about 1000: 1.

  That is, since the concentration difference of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components is 1 ppm (10 ppm / 10) with respect to 1000 ppm of oxygen and carbon dioxide, the selective separation material has sufficient oxygen and carbon dioxide permeation. It can have performance and blocking performance of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and fine solid components.

  Moreover, it is thought that the performance required for the selective separation material varies depending on the installation location. For example, in a place where the area of the selective separation material is limited, a material having a high unit area permeability is required by forming a thin film or the like. The permeability can also be improved by using a fiber-like shape such as an air filter. Furthermore, when the temperature around the system is high, it is considered that the material needs to have a porous shape with high heat resistance.

  Therefore, as described in claim 2, when the selective separation material has a porous shape, a fiber shape, a thin film shape, or a composite shape thereof, it can correspond to the place where it is installed as described above. .

  When the selective separation material has a porous shape, as described in claim 3, when the selective separation material has a porous shape having a pore diameter of 5 nanometers or less, the Knudsen flow is not further generated. It is possible to prevent the permeation of fine solid components of 10 nanometers or more deposited on the human body and having carcinogenicity.

  In addition, when the selective separation material is in a fiber shape, as described in claim 4, when the selective separation material is made into a fiber shape having a function of blocking hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and fine solid components, oxygen is used. And the permeability of carbon dioxide can be increased.

  Further, when the selective separation material is in a thin film shape, the permeation amount of the selective separation material is inversely proportional to the film thickness, so that it is desirable that the value of the film thickness is small. Therefore, as described in claim 5, when the film thickness of the selective separation material is 500 nanometers or less, the permeability of oxygen and carbon dioxide can be enhanced. It is more preferable that the film thickness is 100 nanometers or less.

  Further, as described in claim 6, the function of blocking hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and fine solid components of the selective separation material is achieved by adsorption, absorption, decomposition, and surface reaction. Good. Adsorption and absorption may be performed on the surface of the selective separation material or in the membrane.

  In adsorption, when the concentration of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and fine solid components becomes high, once they are mainly physically held, when the concentration becomes low, they are released to the outside again. Thus, the adsorption performance of the selective separation material can be regenerated.

Further, in absorption, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and fine solid components can be mainly chemically fixed and blocked by a selective separation material.
Further, in the decomposition, the adsorbed and absorbed hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides can be chemically decomposed to make them non-brominated or harmless.

  In the surface reaction, due to the structural characteristics of the surface of the selective separation material, it is difficult to selectively adsorb hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components, and they are blocked by preventing penetration into the membrane. Can do.

  Here, as a means for decomposing, for example, a method of decomposing electrically, a method of decomposing thermally, a method of decomposing chemically using chemicals, a method of decomposing biologically using microorganisms, etc. are considered. It is done. Furthermore, a method of improving the ability by combining these methods is also conceivable.

  And when the selective separation material is an organic polymer, if the organic polymer contains a conductive composition as described in claim 7, it is possible to easily supply electrons necessary for the surface reaction, Furthermore, it becomes easy to decompose hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides adsorbed on the surface.

Note that examples of the organic polymer including a conductive composition include a polyacetylene polymer and a polyparaphenylene polymer.
By the way, when the surface roughness of the selective separation material is large, the area in which outside air can contact the surface of the selective separation material increases, so that the permeation amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide can be increased. Therefore, as described in claim 8, when the surface roughness (Ra) of the selective separation material is 6.0 nanometers or more, in addition to the increase in surface area, the physical properties of the surface of the selective separation material, for example, Control of affinity with oxygen, control of pore diameter, control of molecular arrangement such as crystallinity, etc. can be realized.

  Note that methods for increasing the surface roughness of the selective separation material include, for example, a plasma treatment method, an ion irradiation method, an ozone treatment method, a heat treatment method, a chemical solution treatment method, and the like. By these methods, in addition to increasing the surface area, physical properties of the surface of the selective separation material, for example, control of affinity with oxygen, control of pore diameter, control of molecular arrangement such as crystallinity, and the like can be realized.

  By the way, ideally, if one selective separation material can have both permeable and blocking characteristics at the same time, the system configuration may be simplified. It is also conceivable to combine selective separation materials individually having.

  Therefore, as described in claim 9, the first selective separation material having a function of preferentially permeating oxygen and carbon dioxide, and a function of blocking hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components. If constituted by the second selective separation material, the permeation performance of the first selective separation material and the blocking performance of the second selective separation material can be optimized, so that the performance of the selective separation material can be optimized.

  Incidentally, as described above, since the film thickness of the first selective separation material and the second selective separation material is 500 nanometers or less, preferably 100 nanometers or less, the shape cannot be maintained only by the selective separation material itself.

  Therefore, as described in claim 10, the first selective separation material and the second selective separation material are brought into close contact with each other, and further supported from either side of the close contact between the first selective separation material or the second selective separation material. When the structure is supported by a layer, the shape of the selective separation material having a thin film shape can be maintained by the support layer.

  Here, if the first selective separation material and the second selective separation material are clearly separated from the support layer, that is, if each selective separation material and the support layer are separate, some force is applied to each selective separation material. When the material is added and deformed, each selective separating material may be damaged.

  Therefore, as described in claim 11, the selective separation material is composed of a support layer containing the first selective separation material in the layer and a support layer containing the second selective separation material in the layer. Then, even if force is applied to the first selective separation material and the second selective separation material, each selective separation material is hardly damaged because each selective separation material is supported by the support layer.

  Further, as described in claim 12, when the permeability of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the support layer is inclined in the permeation direction in the support layer, oxygen and Although it is difficult for carbon to permeate, oxygen becomes easier to permeate as the transmittance increases, so that the selective separation material as a whole permeates oxygen and carbon dioxide. In addition, when the second selective separation material has a transmittance of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and minute solid components in the support layer that changes in the permeation direction, hydrocarbons are produced in a portion having a low transmittance. , Nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and fine solid components can be blocked.

  By the way, in the air conditioning system described above, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components from the outside air can be blocked. Among the above components, components generated inside the vehicle and from outside the vehicle. There is a possibility that components brought in by passengers cannot be removed in a short time.

Therefore, as described in claim 13, when the deodorizing means for deodorization is provided in the air-conditioning target space, the deodorization in the air-conditioning target space can be performed.
The deodorizing means includes one that adsorbs the above components with an adsorbent and one that decomposes the above components. Examples of the adsorbing material include carbon materials such as activated carbon particles and activated carbon fibers, inorganic materials such as zeolite, and fibrous substances containing an absorbing liquid and an absorbing liquid. Examples of the decomposition method include an electric decomposition method, a thermal decomposition method, a chemical decomposition method using chemicals, or a biological decomposition method using microorganisms. .

  By the way, by using the device having the deodorizing function as described above, unnecessary air quality in the air-conditioned space can be removed, but the concentration of unnecessary air quality in the air-conditioned space increases rapidly. In order to eliminate problems such as when the glass or the like in the space is cloudy, etc., the outside air introducing means for introducing the outside air into the air-conditioning target space as described in claim 14 is provided. For example, it is effective to introduce the outside air into the air-conditioning target space by introducing the outside air into the air-conditioning target space for a certain period of time every certain interval.

  When introducing outside air, as described in claim 15, the outside air introduction means introduces outside air from any introduction port, such as the time, interval, introduction amount, and introduction amount of outside air introduction conditions set arbitrarily. Alternatively, when the amount of outside air introduced into the air-conditioning target space can be adjusted based on the gas concentration in the air-conditioning target space, the optimum outside air can be introduced into the air-conditioning target space. In addition, as a method for introducing the outside air, a method for changing the degree of opening of the outside air port or the like is used.

  In order to introduce the optimum outside air into the air-conditioning target space, the outside air may be introduced according to the gas concentration in the air-conditioning target space. Therefore, as described in claim 16, a sensor for detecting the gas concentration in the air-conditioning target space is provided, and the outside air introduction means is detected by the sensor for the gas concentration value set as the outside air amount introduction condition. If it is configured to be able to adjust the amount of outside air to be introduced into the air conditioning target space based on the value of the gas concentration, it is possible to introduce outside air having an optimum gas concentration.

  The gas concentration includes the concentration of minute solid components in addition to the concentration of oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide and the like. Sensors include oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide concentration sensors, and sensors that count the number of minute solid components.

  By the way, the air-conditioning target space needs only to be a space where introduction of oxygen and discharge of carbon dioxide are necessary and it is necessary to block hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components. As such a space, as described in claim 17, the air-conditioning target space may be a space in which a vehicle occupant exists.

  In other words, the vehicle interior space, especially the interior space of automobiles, consumes oxygen, discharges carbon dioxide, etc. due to the breathing of occupants, or hydrocarbons discharged by other vehicles when traveling in a heavy traffic area. , Nitrogen oxides, VOCs, fine solid components and the like are highly likely to enter. Therefore, if this air conditioning system is applied to the interior of an automobile, a comfortable interior space can be realized. Of course, this air conditioning system is effective not only for automobiles but also for vehicles such as buses, trains, monorails, and aircraft.

  Embodiments to which the present invention is applied will be described below with reference to the drawings. The embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment, and can take various forms as long as they belong to the technical scope of the present invention.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle in which the air conditioning system of this embodiment is incorporated and a conventional vehicle. First, a conventional vehicle 30 will be described with reference to FIG.

  The conventional vehicle 30 includes an air conditioner (not shown), and the air conditioner includes an outside air introduction mode for introducing outside air into the passenger compartment 37, and an inside air circulation mode for circulating the air in the passenger compartment 37 without introducing outside air. have. Further, an underfloor vent 35 is provided under the floor, and a trunk vent 33 is provided in the trunk, which alleviates pressure fluctuations in the compartment 37 that occur when a door (not shown) is opened and closed.

  A filter 12 is installed under the front seat of the passenger compartment 19 and in the air path of the air conditioner. The filter 12 transmits oxygen and carbon dioxide, and also transmits hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and minute solid components.

  As described above, in the conventional vehicle 30, when the air conditioner is set to the outside air introduction mode, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components contained in the outside air enter the vehicle compartment 37. Further, even if the air conditioner is not set to the outside air introduction mode, outside air enters from the underfloor vent 35 and the trunk vent 33.

  On the other hand, the vehicle 10 shown in FIG. 1A does not include vents such as the underfloor vent 35 and the trunk vent 33 of the conventional vehicle 30. An air conditioner (not shown) has only an inside air circulation mode. A vehicle compartment 19 of the vehicle 10 includes a vehicle compartment wall 11, a selective separation material 13, and an inside / outside air damper 17, and is a semi-sealed space in which gas does not enter and exit except for the selective separation material 13 and the inside / outside air damper 17. .

The vehicle interior wall 11 is made of a material that does not transmit gas such as iron, aluminum, and glass. Further, the selective separation material 13 has a property of preferentially permeating oxygen and carbon dioxide, and further, hydrocarbon (HC) discharged from the vehicle into the atmosphere, nitrogen oxides such as NO ₂ , and nanometer-sized diesel carbon (microscopic) It has the property of blocking solid particles) and the like, and is installed under the foot of the front seat of the passenger compartment 19 and in the air passage of the air conditioner.

(Structure of selective separation material)
Here, the structure of the selective separation material 13 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the structure of the selective separation material 13. 2 (a), FIG. 2 (b), and FIG. 2 (c) show a first selective separation material 13a that allows permeation of oxygen and carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and minute solid components. An embodiment of a structure in which the second selective separation material 13b having functions of blocking, adsorption, absorption, and decomposition is separated is shown.

In the structural example 1 shown in FIG. 2A, a membrane structure in which the first selective separation material 13a and the second selective separation material 13b are in contact with each other and integrated is installed on the support 14. Yes.
The first selective separation material 13a and the second selective separation material 13b are formed of an organic polymer. In Structural Example 1, the organic polymer is silicone, but may be an organic polymer including a conductive composition, such as a polyacetylene polymer or a polyparaphenylene polymer.

  If the film thickness of the first selective separation material 13a and the second selective separation material 13b is thin, it is advantageous for gas permeation. Is desirable, and it is desirable that it is 50 nanometers to 100 nanometers. In this embodiment, the film thickness is 100 nanometers.

In the first structural example, when the first selective separation material 13a and the second selective separation material 13b are folded, a crack may occur on the film surface that becomes the mountain side when the first selective separation material 13a or the second selective separation material 13b is folded.
Next, in the structural example 2 shown in FIG. 2B, the first selective separation material 13a and the second selective separation material 13b are included in the respective supports 14a and 14b. Each selective separation material portion and each support portion of the first selective separation material 13a and the support 14a and the second selective separation material and the support 14b are not clearly separated and have a permeability and a separation ability as a whole. ing.

  2C also has a structure in which the first selective separation material 13a and the second selective separation material 13b are included in the supports 14a and 14b, but the film composition is thick. It changes in a slanting direction. That is, in the first selective separation material 13a, the transmittance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is inclined and changed in the permeation direction, and the second selective separation material 13b is used for hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and minute solid components. The transmittance changes in the transmission direction.

(Surface roughness of selected separation material)
Here, the selective separation material 13, the first selective separation material 13a, and the second selective separation material 13b (hereinafter, both the first selective separation material 13a and the second selective separation material 13b are simply referred to as the selective separation material 13). This will be described based on the surface roughness Ra and the oxygen permeation coefficient K of the selective separation material shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the value of the oxygen transmission coefficient K depending on the difference in the surface roughness Ra of the selective separation material 13.

As shown in Table 1, as the value of the surface roughness Ra of the selective separation material 13 increases, the oxygen transmission coefficient K of the selective separation material 13 increases. The average surface roughness of the untreated selective separation material is Ra = 5.5 nanometers, and the oxygen permeability coefficient is 3.2 × 10 ⁻⁹ . By increasing the surface roughness of this selective separating material to Ra = 6.6 nanometers, it becomes 9.2 × 10 ⁻⁹ , and by further setting Ra = 7.5 nanometers, 9.1 × 10 ⁻⁸ , and the oxygen permeability coefficient K increases about 30 times that of the untreated product.

In order to increase the oxygen permeation coefficient K by changing the surface roughness Ra, there is a method of physically and chemically treating the surface of the selective separation material 13. For example, FIG. 3 shows a method for modifying the surface of a material by plasma treatment in order to improve the oxygen permeability of the selective separation material 13.

  In order to perform the plasma treatment, the selective separation material 13 can be decompressed and installed in a chamber 40 equipped with an RF power source. Here, the selective separation material 13 was placed on the cathode side of one parallel plane electrode 41. It is effective that the RF power source 42 performs processing with power of 100 to 300 W, frequency of 15.36 MHz, and processing time of 10 to 30 minutes.

(Introduction of outside air)
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a method for controlling the oxygen concentration in the passenger compartment 19. FIG. 4A is a diagram showing an attached state of the oxygen sensor 18, and FIG. 4B is a graph showing a change in the oxygen concentration in the passenger compartment 19 measured by the oxygen sensor 18, and FIG. c) is a graph showing the opening degree of the inside / outside air damper 17.

  As described above, in the present air conditioning system, the oxygen and carbon dioxide consumed by the passengers in the passenger compartment 19 are preferentially permeated, and the selection has a function of blocking hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components. And a separating material 13.

  However, when the permeation performance of the selective separation member 13 deteriorates for some reason, there is a possibility that it may not be possible to introduce an amount of oxygen that supplements the amount of oxygen consumed by the passenger in the passenger compartment 19. In order to prevent this, as shown in FIG. 4A, the oxygen concentration α in the passenger compartment 19 is detected by the oxygen sensor 18 attached in the passenger compartment 19 as shown in FIG. In the control unit, it is determined whether or not the detected oxygen concentration α is below the concentration threshold β (20% in FIG. 4B). When the control unit (not shown) determines that the oxygen concentration α is lower than the concentration threshold β, the oxygen concentration can be increased by opening the inside / outside air damper 17 and temporarily introducing outside air into the passenger compartment 19. It can be done.

  In the control unit, the opening degree γ of the inside / outside air damper 17 is set in a plurality of stages (three stages in FIG. 4C), for example, as shown in FIG. Further, since the concentration threshold value β of the oxygen concentration α can be freely set, the management value of the oxygen concentration in the passenger compartment 19 can also be changed.

(Characteristics of air conditioning system)
According to the air conditioning system described above, carbon dioxide is discharged outside the vehicle interior due to the concentration difference between oxygen and carbon dioxide outside the vehicle interior, oxygen is introduced into the vehicle interior 19, and hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, Since sulfur oxides and minute solid components can be blocked, the interior of the passenger compartment 19 can be kept comfortable.

  That is, if there is a passenger or the like in the passenger compartment 19, the oxygen concentration in the passenger compartment 18 gradually decreases and the carbon dioxide concentration gradually increases. However, since the oxygen concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration outside the passenger compartment 19 are constant, a concentration difference occurs so that the oxygen concentration is higher outside the passenger compartment 19 and lower in the passenger compartment. On the other hand, the carbon dioxide concentration has a concentration difference such that the outside of the passenger compartment 19 is low and the interior of the passenger compartment is high.

  At this time, since the first selective separation material 13a and the second selective separation material 13b have a high solubility coefficient S and diffusion coefficient D with respect to oxygen and carbon dioxide, oxygen and carbon dioxide are separated from the first selective separation material 13a and the second selective separation material. After dissolving in the material 13b, it diffuses from the higher concentration to the lower concentration. That is, oxygen is introduced into the vehicle interior and carbon dioxide is discharged out of the vehicle interior due to the concentration difference between the vehicle interior and exterior.

  Further, since the first selective separation material 13a and the second selective separation material 13b have a low solubility coefficient S with respect to hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components, the first selective separation material 13a and the second selective separation material 13b. Therefore, the first selective separation material 13a and the second selective separation material 13b do not permeate. Therefore, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components do not enter the vehicle interior.

  The first selective separation material 13a and the second selective separation material 13b have oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability coefficients P1, and hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide, and minute solid component permeability coefficients P2 of P1 / P2. It is made of a material satisfying> 10. Therefore, since the permeation ratio of oxygen and carbon dioxide and the permeation ratio of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and minute solid components is about 1000 to 1, sufficient blocking performance can be obtained.

  Moreover, since the 1st selective separation material 13a and the 2nd selective separation material 13b are formed in the thin film shape, the permeability per unit area is high. Therefore, the permeability can be improved even in a place where the installation area is limited, such as the vehicle compartment 19.

  Moreover, since the film thickness of the 1st selective separation material 13a and the 2nd selective separation material 13b is 500 nanometers or less (in this embodiment, 100 nanometer), the permeability | transmittance of oxygen and a carbon dioxide can be improved.

  The function of blocking the hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components of the first selective separation material 13a and the second selective separation material 13b is achieved by adsorption, absorption, and decomposition. Therefore, in adsorption, when the concentration of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and fine solid components becomes high, they are mainly physically held once, and when the concentration becomes low, they are released to the outside again By doing so, it is possible to regenerate the adsorption performance of the second selective separation material 13b.

Further, in absorption, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components can be mainly chemically fixed and blocked by the second selective separation material 13b.
Further, in the decomposition, the adsorbed and absorbed hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides can be chemically decomposed to make them non-brominated or harmless.

  Here, as a means for decomposing, for example, a method of electrically decomposing, a method of decomposing thermally, a method of decomposing chemically using chemicals, a method of decomposing biologically using microorganisms, etc. are considered. It is done. Furthermore, a method of improving the ability by combining these methods is also conceivable.

  In addition, since the first selective separation material 13a and the second selective separation material 13b are formed of a conductive organic polymer, it is easy to supply electrons necessary for the surface reaction, and carbonization adsorbed on the surface. It becomes easy to decompose hydrogen, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides.

  Moreover, since the surface roughness Ra of the 1st selective separation material 13a and the 2nd selective separation material 13b is 6.5 nanometers or more (6.6 nanometers), in addition to the increase in the surface area, the first selective separation material The physical properties of the surfaces of 13a and the second selective separation material 13b, for example, control of affinity with oxygen, control of pore diameter, control of molecular arrangement such as crystallinity, and the like can be realized.

  In addition, the first selective separation material 13a having a function of allowing oxygen and carbon dioxide to permeate through the selective separation material 13 and a second selection having a function of blocking hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components. It consists of the separating material 13b. Therefore, since the permeation performance of the first selective separation material 13a and the blocking performance of the second selective separation material 13b can be optimized, the performance of the selective separation material 13 can be optimized.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), the first selective separation material 13a and the second selective separation material 13b are brought into close contact with each other, and further supported by the support body 14 from the second selective separation material 13b side. Even if the first selective separation material 13a and the second selective separation material 13b have a very thin film thickness of 100 nanometers, the shape as the selective separation material can be maintained.

  Further, in the selective separation material 13 shown in FIG. 2B, the support 14 including the selective separation material 13 in the layer and the first selective separation material 13a in the layer and the support including the second selective separation material 13b in the layer. 14. Accordingly, the support 14 can maintain the shapes of the first selective separation material 13a and the second selective separation material 13b, which are in the form of a thin film, so that force is applied to the first selective separation material 13a and the second selective separation material 13b. Even if it is added and deformed, since each selective separation material is supported by the support 14, each selective separation material is hardly damaged.

  Further, in the selective separation material 13 shown in FIG. 2C, the oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability of the first selective separation material 13 a is inclined and changed in the permeation direction in the support 14. Therefore, oxygen and carbon dioxide are difficult to permeate at a low transmittance, but oxygen and carbon dioxide are more likely to permeate as the transmittance increases. Therefore, as a whole selective separation material, oxygen and carbon dioxide permeate. It becomes easy. Further, since the transmittance of the hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and minute solid components of the second selective separation material 13b is inclined in the permeation direction in the support 14, carbonization occurs at a portion where the transmittance is low. It can block hydrogen, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components.

  In addition, an inside / outside air damper 17 is provided in the passenger compartment 19, and outside air is introduced into the passenger compartment 19 for a certain period of time every predetermined period. Therefore, since the outside air can be introduced into the passenger compartment 19, unnecessary air quality in the passenger compartment 19 can be removed, and there is a problem such as when the glass in the space is fogged. Etc. can be eliminated.

  Furthermore, since the inside / outside air damper 17 can arbitrarily set the conditions for introducing outside air into the vehicle compartment 19, for example, the opening degree and oxygen concentration of the inside / outside air damper 17, the optimum outside air inside the vehicle compartment 19 can be set. Can be introduced.

Further, since the outside air is introduced into the passenger compartment 19 based on the oxygen concentration in the passenger compartment 19 detected by the oxygen sensor 18, the interior of the passenger compartment 19 can be set to an optimum oxygen concentration.
In addition to the oxygen sensor 18, a concentration sensor of carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide or a sensor that counts the number of minute solid components is used to adjust the concentration in the passenger compartment. Also good.

As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this embodiment, A various aspect can be taken.
(1) For example, in the said embodiment, although the thin-film-shaped material was used as the selective separation material 13, instead of the thin-film-shaped material, the porous-shaped material whose pore diameter is 5 millimeters or less is used. Also good.

In this way, it is possible to prevent the permeation of a fine solid component of 10 nanometers or more that is deposited on the human body and has carcinogenicity without causing Knudsen flow.
(2) Furthermore, since the porous material has high heat resistance, it is effective when the ambient temperature is high, for example, when the selective separation material 13 is installed in the vicinity of the engine room.

  (3) When the selective separation material 13 is formed of a fiber-shaped material having a function of blocking hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components instead of the thin-film shaped material, oxygen and carbon dioxide It is possible to increase the permeability.

(4) Further, instead of the thin film-shaped material, a fiber-shaped material having a function of blocking hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components may be used.
(5) Further, in the selective separation material 13 of the above-described embodiment, permeation of oxygen and carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components are obtained by a thin film material having adsorption, absorption and decomposition functions. However, the selective separation material 13 may be formed of a thin film material that exhibits a surface reaction to these components.

  (6) Further, a material that adsorbs hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components in the passenger compartment 19, for example, carbon materials such as activated carbon particles and activated carbon fibers, inorganic materials such as zeolite, or absorption. A deodorizing device that adsorbs with a liquid substance or a fibrous substance containing an absorbing liquid, or a method of decomposing hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components, for example, an electric decomposition method, thermally You may make it provide the deodorizing apparatus using the system which decomposes | disassembles, the system which decomposes | disassembles chemically using a chemical | medical agent, etc., or the system which biodegrades using microorganisms etc.

  (7) In addition, the air-conditioning target space may be any space that requires introduction of oxygen and discharge of carbon dioxide, and that blocks hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and minute solid components. Such a space can be applied to vehicles such as trains, monorails, and airplanes in addition to automobiles.

  The cabin 19 corresponds to a space to be air-conditioned in the air conditioning system, the cabin wall 11 corresponds to a wall that does not allow gas to pass through, the inside / outside air damper 17 corresponds to outside air introduction means, and the oxygen sensor 18 corresponds to a sensor. To do.

It is a schematic sectional drawing of the vehicle of an embodiment and the conventional vehicle. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a structure of a selective separating material 13. It is a figure which shows the method of performing the surface modification of material by plasma processing in order to improve the oxygen permeability of the selective separation material. It is a figure which shows the oxygen concentration control method in the vehicle interior.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10,30 ... Vehicle, 11 ... Chamber wall, 13 ... Selective separation material, 13a ... 1st selection separation material, 13b ... 2nd selection separation material, 14, 14a, 14b ... Support body, 17 ... Inside / outside air damper, 18 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Oxygen sensor 19, 37 ... Car compartment, 33 ... Trunk vent, 35 ... Underfloor vent, 41 ... Parallel plane electrode, 42 ... RF power supply.

Claims (17)

A wall that constitutes the air-conditioning target space and does not transmit gas,
A selective separating material that is installed by replacing a part of the wall and has a function of preferentially permeating oxygen and carbon dioxide and blocking hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and fine solid components;
With
The selective separation material is characterized in that the permeability coefficient P1 of oxygen and carbon dioxide and the permeability coefficient P2 of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components satisfy P1 / P2> 10. . The air conditioning system according to claim 1,
The air-conditioning system, wherein the selective separation material has a porous shape, a fiber shape, a thin film shape, or a composite shape thereof. The air conditioning system according to claim 2,
The air-conditioning system, wherein the selective separation material has a porous shape with a pore diameter of 5 nanometers or less. The air conditioning system according to claim 2,
The air-conditioning system characterized in that the selective separation material has a fiber shape having a function of blocking hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components. The air conditioning system according to claim 2,
The air-conditioning system, wherein the selective separating material has a thin film shape with a film thickness of 500 nanometers or less. In the air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The air conditioning system characterized in that the function of blocking hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and minute solid components of the selective separation material is achieved by adsorption, absorption, decomposition, and surface reaction. In the air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The organic polymer includes an electrically conductive composition. In the air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The selective separation material has an air conditioning system having a surface roughness of 6.0 nanometers or more. In the air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
The selective separating material is
A first selective separation material having a function of preferentially permeating oxygen and carbon dioxide;
A second selective separation material having a function of blocking the hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide and minute solid components;
An air conditioning system characterized by comprising: The air conditioning system according to claim 9,
The selective separating material is
The first selective separation material and the second selective separation material are configured to be in close contact with each other, and further, from at least one of the first selective separation material and the second selective separation material configured to be in close contact with each other. An air conditioning system characterized by having a structure supported by a support layer. The air conditioning system according to claim 10,
The selective separating material is
An air conditioning system comprising: a support layer including the first selective separation material in a layer; and a support layer including the second selective separation material in the layer. The air conditioning system according to claim 11,
In the first selective separation material, the oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability changes in the permeation direction in the support layer, and the second selective separation material contains hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides in the support layer. An air conditioning system characterized in that the transmittance of substances, sulfur oxides, and minute solid components is inclined and changed in the transmission direction. The air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
An air conditioning system comprising a deodorizing means for deodorizing the air conditioning target space. In the air-conditioning system in any one of Claims 1-13,
An air conditioning system comprising outside air introduction means for introducing outside air into the air conditioning target space. The air conditioning system according to claim 12,
The outside air introduction unit is configured to be capable of adjusting the amount of outside air to be introduced into the air conditioning target space based on an arbitrarily set outside air introduction condition. The air conditioning system according to claim 15,
A sensor for detecting a gas concentration in the air-conditioning target space;
The outside air introduction means is configured to be able to adjust the amount of outside air introduced into the air-conditioning target space based on the gas concentration value detected by the sensor with respect to the gas concentration value set as the outside air amount introduction condition. An air conditioning system characterized by The air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 16,
The air-conditioning system is characterized in that the air-conditioning target space is a space where a passenger exists in the vehicle.