JP2566394B2 - Structure of a living room in a building - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a structure of a living room in a building, particularly to a structure of a living room that enables reduction of ventilation equipment and operating cost.

"Prior art" In a living space provided in a building, the air circulation inside the building deteriorates due to pollutant gases such as carbon dioxide generated by occupants and carbon monoxide generated by smoking. Therefore, it is essential to ventilate these pollutant gases and to supply fresh air.

Especially in recent years, in large-scale buildings, etc., the air-tightness of the living room is progressing, and natural ventilation from the gaps of the openings such as windows and doors cannot be expected. Ventilation equipment handles all required ventilation. And in this case, since the living room space is airtight as described above,
It is necessary to provide both air supply equipment and exhaust equipment in order to perform sufficient ventilation. Moreover, make sure that the air supply amount and the exhaust amount are approximately equal and that the space becomes negative pressure or positive pressure. I try to avoid it.

"Problems to be solved by the invention" However, relying on the mechanical ventilation equipment as described above for all of the required ventilation requires a large-capacity blower and duct for both air supply and exhaust. As the facility cost increases, the operating cost also significantly increases, and reduction of these is desired.

Further, in the mechanical ventilation equipment as described above, it is not possible to selectively discharge only the pollutant gas generated inside the space,
In order to discharge it, it is necessary to have a ventilation volume that can quickly replace the entire air in the space. Therefore, even if the amount of pollutant gas generated is very small, large-scale ventilation equipment is required for a large living space, which is uneconomical. In particular, when air conditioning is performed, the cooling and heating load increases with ventilation, which is extremely uneconomical in this respect as well. Therefore, it has been desired to provide a means capable of efficiently discharging only the polluted gas without depending on the ventilation of the entire space.

"Means for Solving Problems" The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides an opening communicating with the outside at a predetermined position of a wall, a floor or a ceiling forming a living room space, and It is characterized in that a gas permeable film capable of transmitting gas is attached to the opening. As the gas permeable film, it is possible to use a film that allows all the gases that are components of air to permeate, or a film that selectively permeates only a specific gas.

[Operation] According to the present invention, a permeable membrane that allows gas to pass therethrough without phase transition is attached to the opening, so that the outside air is introduced into the living room through the permeable membrane or discharged from the living room to the outside.

Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 is a general living room provided in a building and used as an office, for example. The walls 2, floor, and ceiling forming this living room 1 can be maintained in a substantially airtight state except for a portion of a composite membrane 8 described later.

An air supply fan 4 for supplying fresh air into the room 1 through the air supply duct 3 and an exhaust fan 6 for exhausting air from the room 1 through the exhaust duct 5 are provided in the room 1 respectively. Has been. Air supply fan 4
The air flow rate V ₁ of V is set to the required air flow rate of the living room 1, and the size of the air supply duct 3 is adapted to the air flow rate V ₁ . Further, the air flow rate V ₂ of the exhaust fan 6 is the air supply rate V ₁
Therefore, the size of the exhaust duct 5 is smaller than that of the air supply duct 3.

An opening 7 is provided at a predetermined position on the wall 2 of the living room 1, and a composite membrane 8 is attached to the opening 7. As shown in FIG. 2 in an enlarged cross-section, the composite film 8 is a three-layered structure in which an ultraviolet cut film 10 is attached to the outer surface side of a gas permeable film 9 and a non-combustible film 11 is attached to the inner surface side thereof. It is a laminated film. The gas permeable membrane 9 can permeate gases that are components of air, that is, mainly oxygen and nitrogen, and gases that are contained in air, that is, all gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, without phase transition. It has properties and is generally widely used in various fields as a functional polymer film. Further, the ultraviolet ray cut film 10 is for preventing the gas permeable film 9 from being deteriorated by the ultraviolet rays of the sunlight, and the non-combustible film 11 is for giving the composite film 8 fire resistance performance. . Neither the ultraviolet ray blocking film 10 nor the noncombustible film 11 impedes gas permeation. If the gas permeable membrane 9 is damaged, it can be regenerated only by applying a polymer solvent.

The composite membrane 8 allows air to flow according to the pressure difference between the air inside and outside the living room 1. In this first embodiment, since the supply amount V ₁ is larger than the exhaust amount V _{2, the} inside of the living room 1 has a positive pressure, and the air permeates outward through the composite membrane 8 and is generated inside with it. Pollutant gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are also exhausted. In this case, the amount of air v that is exhausted through the composite membrane 8 is the difference between the supply amount V ₁ and the exhaust amount V ₂ , that is, v = V ₁ −V ₂ so that the pressure inside and outside the living room 1 is balanced. .

In the first embodiment, in the past, the entire required ventilation amount relied on mechanical ventilation, and therefore, both the air supply equipment and the exhaust equipment required a capacity capable of processing the entire required ventilation amount. In comparison, the capacity of the exhaust fan 6 and the size of the exhaust duct 5 can be small, and accordingly, the equipment cost and the operating cost can be reduced as compared with the conventional ventilation equipment.

It should be noted that in the first embodiment, the air flow rates of the air supply fan 4 and the exhaust fan 6 are reversed, that is, the exhaust fan 6
And set the air flow rate to the required ventilation volume V _1, and set the air flow rate of the air supply fan 4 to
It may be V ₂ (V ₂ <V ₁ ). In this case, since the inside of the living room 1 has a negative pressure, the amount of outside air of v = V ₁ −V ₂ flows into the inside of the living room 1 through the composite membrane 8, so that it is combined with the ventilation amount V ₂ of the air supply fan 4. The required fresh air amount V ₁ can be secured. In this case, since the composite film 8 blocks the permeation of dust and the like in the outside air, a filter which is necessary when only the outside air is sucked through the opening 7 without providing the composite film 8 is unnecessary. In this case, a small-capacity air supply fan may be provided in the opening 7 to suck the outside air.

Further, in the above description, the ultraviolet cut film 10 and the non-combustible film 11 which do not inhibit the permeation of gas are used. However, when the gas permeability is not sufficient, the composite film 8 is constructed as shown in FIG. May be. That is, the ultraviolet blocking film 10
And the non-combustible film 11 is attached with a gap 31 between both surfaces of the gas permeable film 9 via the spacers 30, and the ultraviolet cut film 10, the peripheral edge of the non-combustible film 11 and the opening 7 are formed. A gap 32 may be secured between them, and the gas may be introduced or led out through the gaps 31 and 32 as indicated by arrows in FIG.

The first embodiment has been described above. Next, the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Living room in the second embodiment
12 is used as, for example, a laboratory in which a special air environment is required. The wall 13 of this living room 12 is provided with four openings 14, 15, 16 and 17, each of which has an opening. Composite membranes 18, 19, 20, 21 are attached respectively. Further, an air supply fan 22 is provided in the opening 14 and an exhaust fan 23 is provided in the opening 15, so that the amount of air blown by the air supply fan 22 is slightly larger than the amount of air blown by the exhaust fan 23. It is set.

Each of the above composite films 18, 19, 20, and 21 is a three-layer composite film similar to the composite film 8 in the case of the first embodiment described above, but in the second embodiment, A gas permeable membrane of the composite membrane is used that can selectively permeate only a specific gas. That is, the composite film 14 is oxygen (O ₂ ), the composite film 15 is nitrogen (N ₂ ), the composite film 16 is carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ),
The composite film 17 is supposed to have the property of permeating only carbon monoxide (CO) and blocking the permeation of other gases. Gas permeable membranes that have the property of allowing only specific gases to permeate have been widely used in various fields as gas separation membranes, and various types have been developed according to the type of target gas. Has been done.

Based on the above configuration, in the second embodiment, the air component in the living room 12 can be controlled. That is, the outside air is not directly supplied from the opening 14 into the living room 12, but only the oxygen of the outside air permeates the composite membrane 14 and is supplied into the living room 12. In addition, from the opening 15 to the living room 12
Of the air inside, only nitrogen permeates and is discharged. Therefore, in the air in the living room 12, the oxygen concentration is increased and the nitrogen concentration is decreased, that is, the air is enriched in oxygen.

Further, in the second embodiment, when the concentrations of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide generated in the living room 12 increase, they permeate the composite membranes 20 and 21 and are discharged from the openings 16 and 17, respectively. That is, only polluted gas is effectively exhausted,
Therefore, it is not necessary to replace all the air in the living room 12 in order to exhaust the minute pollutant gas as in the conventional case, so the capacity of the ventilation equipment can be small, and the cooling and heating load of air conditioning can be reduced accordingly. You can

As described above, in this second embodiment, the air circulation in the living room can be freely and easily set, and only the pollutant gas can be efficiently exhausted, so that the living room where a special air environment is required, for example, the growth of animals and plants. It is effective for use in a laboratory for studying the effect of air circulation on

In the second embodiment, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide,
A gas permeable membrane that is permeable to carbon monoxide was used, but this is an example, and various permeable membranes that are permeable to various gases other than those mentioned above are used alone or in combination to obtain the desired air circulation. Just do it. The direction of gas flow can be freely selected or changed by slightly raising or lowering the pressure in the living room with respect to the outside air, but a small capacity fan is used to force inflow or outflow. It may be allowed to.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For example, in each of the first and second embodiments described above, the non-combustible film and the ultraviolet ray blocking film are provided on both inner and outer surfaces of the permeable film, but the permeable film may be used alone if they are unnecessary. Further, a coating material capable of blocking ultraviolet rays may be applied instead of the ultraviolet ray blocking film, or a nonflammable coating material may be applied instead of the nonflammable film. However, in this case, it is necessary that those paints do not impede gas permeation. Further, in the above embodiment, the gas permeable film is provided at a predetermined position on the wall, but the gas permeable film may be attached to, for example, a part of the window or door or the entire surface thereof, or It may be provided on the ceiling or floor facing the outside.

[Advantages of the Invention] As described in detail above, according to the present invention, an opening is provided in the wall or floor or ceiling forming the living room, and the gas permeable membrane is attached to this opening. , It is possible to exhaust or supply air through a permeable membrane without relying on mechanical ventilation equipment for at least part of the ventilation volume, therefore
As a result, the capacity of the ventilation equipment can be reduced and the operating cost can be reduced.

If a gas permeable film that selectively permeates only a predetermined gas is used, the air component in the space can be controlled in addition to the above effects. Therefore, it is possible to easily set the desired air circulation in the living room and to efficiently discharge only the pollutant gas to be discharged.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 to 4 show an embodiment of the present invention. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment, FIG. 1 is a plan view of a living room, FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged sectional view of a composite membrane, and FIG.
The figure is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing another structural example of the composite membrane. Fourth
The drawing is a plan view of the living room of the second embodiment. 1 ... Room, 2 ... Wall, 7 ... Opening, 8 ... Composite membrane,
9 ... Gas permeable membrane, 12 ... Living room, 13 ... Wall, 14, 15, 16, 1
7 …… Aperture, 18,19,20,21 …… Composite membrane (gas permeable membrane).

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A wall or a floor or a ceiling forming a living space is provided with an opening communicating with the outside at a predetermined position, and a gas permeable film capable of passing gas is attached to the opening. The structure of a living room in a building. 2. The structure of a living room in a building according to claim 1, wherein the gas permeable film selectively permeates only a specific gas.