JP4271881B2 - Incinerator control device and program - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an incinerator control device and a program for calculating an amount of combustion air blown into a furnace from below a grate in a waste incinerator.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Garbage incinerators play an important role in treating various wastes discharged in daily life. In recent years, interest in collecting enormous heat energy generated by incineration of waste, which is waste, has gathered, and those with boiler power generation facilities are increasing.
[0003]
In such a waste incinerator, waste is intermittently thrown into the waste hopper at a few tens of minutes by a waste crane, and the waste is sent into the furnace by a pusher under the waste hopper. The garbage sent into the furnace is dried and burned while moving on the grate by the reciprocating motion of the grate, and finally becomes ash and is discharged outside the furnace.
[0004]
In order to stably maintain the combustion state in the furnace, an area under a grate where air heated to about 50 to 150 ° C. (hereinafter referred to as “combustion air”) is divided into a plurality of parts in the garbage transport direction ( From the wind box), it is blown into the grate of each of the drying stage, the combustion stage, and the post-combustion stage. The amount of combustion air blown into each grate of the drying stage, the combustion stage, and the post-combustion stage is provided in the total flow rate of the supplied combustion air and the supply pipe that supplies the combustion air to the grate of each stage. It is adjusted by the damper opening of the damper under the grate.
[0005]
In addition, cooling air is blown in from the cooling air inlet provided in the furnace wall by the cooling air blower to completely burn the unburned components in the combustion gas and prevent the furnace wall temperature from rising excessively. To do.
[0006]
The exhaust gas generated by the combustion of garbage is exhausted after heating the boiler water with a heat exchanger provided at the furnace outlet.
[0007]
In the combustion process of a garbage incinerator, the grate speed, combustion air volume, cooling air volume, etc. are controlled by automatic combustion control in order to keep the amount of steam generated in the boiler and the furnace outlet temperature stable even when burning any kind of waste. Each operation end is controlled. In the refuse incinerator, each operation end affects the combustion state in the furnace, so these are multivariable interference systems from the viewpoint of control.
[0008]
In order to obtain a predetermined performance by automatic combustion control, the control parameters of each operation end are adjusted at the time of construction of the incinerator. As a control parameter adjustment sequence, it is customary to first adjust the grate speed and the amount of combustion air, which have a large impact on the combustion of waste, and then adjust the amount of cooling air related to exhaust gas recombustion. is there. Conventionally, control parameters are adjusted by a method in which specialized technicians set appropriate values while observing past results, combustion conditions in the actual furnace, etc., and adjustment takes about 1 to 2 weeks. It was. In addition, after the operation, the parameters were sequentially reviewed by the same method according to the aging of the furnace.
[0009]
In particular, the amount of combustion air blown into the furnace from below the grate is one of the important operating ends that directly affects the combustion speed of waste, and whether or not the control parameters are adjusted properly depends on the combustion state in the furnace. The stability is greatly affected.
[0010]
The amount of combustion air F blown into the furnace from below the grate is generally determined by the following equation (1).
F = (F _T × E) × C _F (1)
Here, F _{T represents the} theoretical air amount, E represents the excess air ratio, and C _F represents the correction coefficient.
[0011]
Calorific value of waste when the theoretical amount of air F _T and its required for combustion of the waste is theoretically calculated from the composition ratio and amount of waste of waste.
[0012]
The excess air ratio is the difference between the theoretical amount of air corresponding to the amount of heat generated by the incinerator and the amount of air required for actual combustion due to the characteristics of the furnace so that the waste can burn completely. It is a coefficient that corrects the theoretical air amount in a compensated manner, and is a parameter that is individually adjusted according to the difference in load during operation (high load, rated load, low load) and the amount of heat generated by waste.
[0013]
The correction coefficient C _F is a coefficient for correcting short-term fluctuations such as evaporation amount deviation and furnace outlet temperature, and is a parameter that is changed according to the in-furnace situation during operation.
[0014]
By adjusting the amount of combustion air to an appropriate value, suppression of unburned portion, promotion of DXN emission, and stabilization of combustion state are promoted by promoting complete combustion.
[0015]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The excess air ratio, which is one of the parameters that determine the amount of combustion air, is a parameter that is determined during the construction of the incinerator, but it must be carried out while checking the overall combustion state, and requires skill. It was. Furthermore, the adjustment of the excess air ratio has a problem that it takes a long time because individual adjustments are required depending on the load during operation and the amount of heat generated by the waste.
[0016]
The present invention has been made to solve these problems, and by adjusting the parameters for determining the amount of combustion air accurately and in a short time, the amount of combustion air blown into the furnace from below the grate can be reduced. An object of the present invention is to provide an incinerator control device and program capable of performing calculation with high accuracy.
[0017]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above problems are solved by the following invention.
[1] A combustion control device for a grate-type waste incinerator, comprising an excess air ratio adjusting means and combustion air blown into the furnace from below the grate based on the excess air ratio adjusted by the excess air ratio adjusting means Combustion air amount calculation means for calculating the amount,
The excess air ratio adjusting means includes in-furnace gas state determining means A,
The gas state judging means A furnace, a range of O ₂ concentrations CO concentration based on the measurement value of the O ₂ concentration and CO concentration of incinerator outlet near forms a pair range below a predetermined threshold value of the O ₂ concentration appropriate range determines that performs comparison with a predetermined threshold value and the ratio Ng / N for all data points N of the data points Ng departing from the proper scope of the O ₂ concentration, when Ng / N is greater than the threshold value, O ₂ Compare the number of data points Nl with a concentration lower than the appropriate range of concentration and the number of data points Nh with a higher concentration than the appropriate range of O ₂ concentration, and if Nl is smaller than Nh, determine that the oxygen in the furnace is excessive and the excess air ratio And the excess air ratio is adjusted so that the excess air ratio is increased by determining that the oxygen in the furnace is insufficient when Nl is greater than Nh.
[2] A combustion control device for a grate-type waste incinerator, comprising an excess air ratio adjusting means and combustion air blown into the furnace from below the grate based on the excess air ratio adjusted by the excess air ratio adjusting means Combustion air amount calculation means for calculating the amount,
The excess air ratio adjusting means includes in-furnace gas state determining means B,
The in-furnace gas state determination means B processes the in-furnace image information to obtain a luminance average value Sa for a predetermined time and a predetermined threshold value Sb calculated for each predetermined period of the flame burning in the furnace. makes a comparison, if the average luminance value Sa is smaller than the threshold value Sb were measured in the same time zone as the time zone of calculating the average luminance value Sa and the luminance mean value Sa in the figure showing the luminance and the O ₂ concentration The slope d of a straight line connecting the point determined by the average value O ₂ a of the measured O ₂ concentration in the vicinity of the incinerator exit and the point determined by the preset appropriate O ₂ concentration O ₂ b is calculated. When the slope d is positive or 0, it is determined that the oxygen in the furnace is insufficient and the excess air ratio is increased. When the slope d is negative, the oxygen in the furnace is determined to be excessive and the excess air ratio is increased. Incinerator control device characterized by adjusting excess air ratio so as to reduce
[3] A combustion control device for a grate-type waste incinerator, comprising an excess air ratio adjusting means and combustion air blown into the furnace from below the grate based on the excess air ratio adjusted by the excess air ratio adjusting means Combustion air amount calculation means for calculating the amount,
The excess air ratio adjusting means includes in-furnace gas state determining means C,
The in-furnace gas state determination means C processes the in-furnace image information and calculates the R component average value ea at a predetermined time of the R component calculated for each predetermined period of the flame burning in the furnace and a predetermined threshold value. It compares with eb, when R component average value ea is greater than the threshold value eb is, R component and O ₂ in the figure showing the concentration time were calculated R component average value ea and R component average value ea band and The point determined by the average value O _{2 a} ′ of the measured O ₂ concentration near the incinerator outlet measured in the same time zone is connected to the point determined by the threshold value eb and the preset appropriate O ₂ concentration O ₂ b ′. If the slope f is positive or 0, the oxygen in the furnace is determined to be excessive and the excess air ratio is reduced. If the slope f is negative, the oxygen in the furnace is insufficient. Incineration characterized in that the excess air ratio is adjusted so as to increase the excess air ratio Furnace control device.
[4] A program that causes a computer to function as the incinerator control device according to any one of [1] to [3].
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a waste incinerator to which the present invention is applied.
[0019]
The waste incinerator shown in FIG. 1 is a grate-type incinerator having a grate 4, a heat exchange installed on the downstream side of a waste inlet 2, a furnace 1 in which waste is burned, and an outlet 7 of the furnace 1. It has a boiler 9 equipped with a vessel 9a and a steam drum 9b.
[0020]
Garbage thrown in from the dust inlet 2 is sent to the grate 4 by the dust feeder 3. The grate 4 reciprocates, and the agitation and movement of dust are performed by the reciprocation. The dust on the grate 4 is burned after being blown by the combustion air blower 6 blowing in the combustion air supplied from below the grate 4 and decomposed into exhaust gas and ash. Ashes fall from the ash drop opening 5 and are discharged out of the furnace.
[0021]
The total amount of combustion air supplied from below the grate 4 into the furnace is adjusted by a combustion air damper 14 provided in the immediate vicinity of the combustion air blower 6, and the amount of combustion air supplied to each wind box is adjusted. The amount is adjusted by combustion air dampers 14a, 14b, 14c, and 14d under the grate provided in each pipe that supplies combustion air to each wind box. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the combustion air is supplied by dividing the bottom of the grate 4 by four wind boxes in the garbage transport direction. However, the structure is appropriately changed according to the scale and purpose of the waste incinerator. It goes without saying that this is possible and is not limited to four wind boxes.
[0022]
In addition, cooling air is blown from the cooling air blowing port 10 provided in the furnace wall by the cooling air blower 11 to completely burn the unburned components in the combustion gas, and the temperature of the furnace wall excessively increases. To prevent.
[0023]
On the other hand, the combustible gas generated in the dust drying process upstream of the grate 4 and the combustion exhaust gas generated in the downstream post-combustion process merge at the gas mixing section provided on the outlet 7 side of the furnace 1 and are stirred again. Mixed and secondary combustion is performed. A boiler 9 having a heat exchanger 9a and a steam drum 9b is installed on the downstream side of the gas mixing section, and the secondary combustion gas is exhausted from the chimney 8 after recovering the thermal energy.
[0024]
In the furnace 1, an intermediate ceiling 30 as indicated by a virtual line in FIG. 1 may be provided. By providing the intermediate ceiling 30 in the furnace, the gas in the furnace is divided into two parts: a combustible gas generated in the dust drying process upstream of the grate 4 and a combustion exhaust gas generated in the downstream post-combustion process. can do. By recombining the gas discharged in two minutes in the gas mixing section, the stirring and mixing of the gas in the gas mixing section is further promoted, the combustion in the mixing chamber is further stabilized, and the generation of dioxins in the combustion process Can be further suppressed, and the generation of unburned waste can be prevented.
[0025]
In order to maintain stable combustion in the incinerator, the incinerator control device 25 measures, for example, the measured value of the thermometer 12 that measures the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas at the furnace outlet 7 and the amount of steam from the steam drum 9b. Measurement result of the flow meter 13, the measurement result of the flame brightness and color component or the garbage burnout point on the grate by the image processing device 16 that processes the in-furnace image information from the industrial camera 15 provided on the furnace wall Based on the measured values of the O ₂ concentration meter 18 and the CO concentration meter 19 that measure the O ₂ concentration and the CO concentration in the vicinity of the incinerator outlet (boiler 9 outlet), the reciprocating speed of the grate 4, the amount of combustion air, the cooling air Adjust the amount automatically. For example, a computer can be used for the incinerator control device 25.
[0026]
In the waste incinerator having such a configuration, the incinerator control device 25 according to the present invention performs the O ₂ concentration and CO concentration measurement values and / or the O ₂ concentration measurement values and image processing of flames on the grate. Parameter adjusting means for adjusting parameters based on the results, and combustion air amount calculating means for calculating the amount of combustion air blown into the furnace from below the grate based on the parameters adjusted by the parameter adjusting means.
[0027]
The value of the amount of combustion air blown into the furnace from below the grate 4 calculated by the combustion air amount calculation means is, for example, a damper opening degree for adjusting the opening degree of the combustion air damper 14 of the incinerator control device 25. The damper opening degree adjusting means adjusts the opening degree of the combustion air damper 14 so as to be the value of the output air amount, and is supplied into the furnace from below the grate 4. Control the total amount of combustion air.
[0028]
Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment of a method for calculating the amount of combustion air blown into the furnace from below the grate according to the present invention will be described.
[0029]
The amount of combustion air F blown into the furnace from below the grate is calculated by F = (theoretical air amount F _T × excess air ratio E) × correction coefficient C _F.
[0030]
Here, the heating value of waste when the theoretical amount of air F _T and its required for combustion of the waste is calculated from the composition ratio and amount of waste of waste. The typical waste composition in incinerators depends on local conditions, so the compositional analysis of several types of peripheral waste samples for each incinerator should be used to correlate the waste heat value with the theoretical air amount. Is preferred.
[0031]
The excess air ratio E is theoretically compensated for the difference between the theoretical air volume corresponding to the calculated amount of generated heat and the actual air volume required for combustion due to the characteristics of the furnace so that the waste can be burned completely. It is a coefficient that corrects the amount of air, and is a parameter that can be individually adjusted according to the difference in load during operation (high load, rated load, low load) and the amount of heat generated by waste.
[0032]
The correction coefficient C _F is a coefficient for correcting short-term fluctuations such as a deviation in evaporation amount from the steam drum and a furnace outlet temperature, and is a parameter that is appropriately changed according to the in-furnace situation during operation.
[0033]
Here, the excess air ratio E, the theoretical amount of air F _T to a load during operation of the incinerator in the corresponding form (high load, rated load, low load) in accordance with a difference calorific value difference and waste Although it is a parameter that can be set individually, it is one of the important parameters because the suitability of the set value directly affects the stability of the combustion state in the furnace.
[0034]
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of setting the excess air ratio. As shown in FIG. 2, the excess air ratio is a value that is individually set for each load (high load, rated load, low load) during operation of the incinerator according to the difference in the amount of heat generated by the waste.
[0035]
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for adjusting the excess air ratio. Adjustment of the excess air ratio is done by adjusting the excess air ratio value, which was set for convenience during construction of the incinerator, before tuning to the incinerator. This is done when reviewing, or when reviewing the value of air excess ratio periodically. It should be noted that when adjusting the excess air ratio, it is desirable that the coefficient C _F for correcting short-term fluctuations during operation is fixed at 1. This is to prevent the influence of other variables during the adjustment of the excess air ratio.
[0036]
Hereinafter, a method for adjusting the excess air ratio will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. In the following flowchart, the data measurement cycle is about every 10 to 30 seconds, the adjustment period of the excess air ratio is about every 5 to 10 minutes, or every time when garbage is put in, the combustion behavior in the furnace is accurately determined. It is desirable because it can be grasped.
[0037]
[In-furnace gas state determination means A]
In S1, an O ₂ —CO concentration distribution diagram as shown in FIG. 4 is created based on the measured values of the O ₂ concentration meter 18 and the CO concentration meter 19 installed near the incinerator outlet (boiler 9 outlet). The O ₂ —CO concentration distribution chart shown in FIG. 4 is a pair of O ₂ concentration and CO concentration values measured at approximately the same time, and the horizontal axis is an O ₂ concentration divided by a predetermined concentration range, and the vertical axis is is obtained by the segmented O ₂ within that range for each concentration O ₂ concentration and calculates the average value of CO concentration paired it plot (× mark in the figure). Here, the predetermined concentration range for dividing the O ₂ concentration is preferably in the range of 0.3 to 0.5% (0.5% in FIG. 4). In general, the O ₂ —CO concentration distribution chart is a downwardly convex graph as shown in FIG.
[0038]
In S2, an appropriate range of O ₂ concentration is determined based on FIG. 4 created in S1. Here, the proper range of O ₂ concentrations, the average value of CO concentration is determined as low O ₂ concentration range than the predetermined threshold a predetermined 4. Note that the value of the predetermined threshold value a of the CO concentration is preferably set in a range of 10 to 20 ppm.
[0039]
In S3, it calculates a ratio of O ₂ out of the proper range of O ₂ concentration determined in step S2 to the total number of data points N concentrations (range 4 in 1.0 to 3.5%) O ₂ concentration data points Ng Then, a comparison with a predetermined threshold value x is performed. The above comparison is performed by the following formula 1, and when the formula 1 is satisfied, it is determined that the adjustment of the excess air ratio in the in-furnace gas state determination means A is not necessary, that is, the oxygen amount is appropriate and the adjustment of the excess air ratio is necessary. If it is determined that there is none, the process proceeds to the in-furnace gas state determination means B (S7). If Equation 1 is not satisfied, it is determined that the amount of oxygen is not appropriate, and the process proceeds to S4.
[0040]
Ng / N ≦ x (1)
In S4, the O ₂ of concentration deviates from a proper range O ₂ concentration data points Ng, compares the magnitude of the data points Nh data points Nl and higher than the proper range concentration of less than the proper range concentration by the following equation 2 . Here, the relationship of Ng = Nl + Nh is established.
[0041]
Nl <Nh (2)
When Expression 2 is satisfied, it is determined that the oxygen in the furnace is excessive, the value of the excess air ratio is reduced by a predetermined amount b (S5), and the process proceeds to S17. If Equation 2 is not satisfied, it is determined that the oxygen in the furnace is insufficient, the value of the excess air ratio is increased by a predetermined amount b (S6), and the process proceeds to S17.
[0042]
In S17, the value of the excess air ratio corresponding to the heating value of the current operational load and dust, and update the changed value of the air excess ratio at S 5 or S 6, the adjustment of the excess air ratio of the segment finish.
[0043]
Note that, instead of proceeding to S17 after the end of S5 or S6 as described above, the process may further proceed to S7 after S5 or S6 is terminated. In this case, since the adjustment by the in-furnace gas state determination unit B and the in-furnace gas state determination unit C is performed after the adjustment of the excess air ratio by the in-furnace gas state determination unit A, more precise adjustment is possible.
[0044]
[In-furnace gas state determination means B]
When Expression 1 is satisfied in the determination in S3, in S7, the average value of the luminance (average value of the luminance S in all the pixels in the image) calculated for each predetermined period of the flame burning in the furnace at a predetermined time. Sa is calculated and compared with a predetermined threshold value Sb. The comparison is performed by the following formula 3. If the formula 3 is satisfied, it is determined that the amount of air is appropriate, and the process proceeds to the in-furnace gas state determination means C (S12). When Expression 3 is not satisfied, the process proceeds to S8.
[0045]
Sa ≧ Sb (3)
The brightness of the flame is calculated by the image processing device 16 that processes the in-furnace image information from the industrial camera 15. The flame in the furnace becomes a bluish and bright flame when the air supply amount is appropriate, but when the air supply amount is excessive or insufficient, the flame becomes a low-luminance flame with no apparent feeling. The brightness of the flame is the degree of brightness obtained from human vision by linear combination of the color components (R, G, B) for each pixel in the in-furnace image information captured by the image processing device 16 as follows: Are divided into 256 equal parts and displayed, and calculated as an average value of the luminance S in all pixels in the image. The value of the luminance S of each pixel is indicated by 0 to 255, and the larger the value, the higher the luminance.
[0046]
S = 0.3 × R + 0.59 × G + 0.11 × B (4)
Here, R: red component (integer of 0-255), G: green component (integer of 0-255), B: blue component (integer of 0-255).
[0047]
In S8, the point determined by the average value O ₂ a of the O ₂ concentration measuring values due to the O ₂ concentration meter 18 which is measured on the luminance average value Sa and about the same time period that was calculated in S7, set the threshold value Sb and advance The slope d of a straight line connecting points determined by the appropriate O ₂ concentration O ₂ b is calculated.
[0048]
FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the points determined by Sa and O ₂ a and the points determined by Sb and O ₂ b. 5A shows a case where the slope d of a straight line connecting a point determined by Sa and O ₂ a and a point determined by Sb and O ₂ b is positive, and FIG. 5B shows a point determined by Sa and O ₂ a. And the slope d of the straight line connecting the point determined by Sb and O ₂ b is negative.
[0049]
In S9, the inclination d obtained in S8 is determined by the following expression 5. If Expression 5 is satisfied, the process proceeds to S10, and if Expression 5 is not satisfied, the process proceeds to S11.
[0050]
d ≧ 0 (5)
When Expression 5 is satisfied, in S10, the excess air ratio is increased by a predetermined amount, and the process proceeds to S12. When the slope d is positive as shown in FIG. 5 (a), it is necessary to increase the O ₂ concentration in order to increase the luminance. For this purpose, the excess air ratio is increased by a predetermined amount. In this case, the increase amount of the excess air ratio is preferably (Sb−Sa) × β in consideration of the difference between the threshold value Sb and the average luminance Sa. Β is a predetermined positive constant.
[0051]
If Equation 5 is not satisfied, the excess air ratio is reduced by a predetermined amount in S11, and the process proceeds to S12. As shown in FIG. 5B, when the slope d is negative, it is necessary to lower the O ₂ concentration in order to increase the luminance. For this purpose, the excess air ratio is reduced by a predetermined amount. In this case, it is preferable that the reduction amount of the excess air ratio is (Sb−Sa) × β in consideration of the difference between the threshold value Sb and the average luminance Sa. Β is a predetermined positive constant.
[0052]
[In-furnace gas state determination means C]
When the expression 3 is satisfied in the determination in S7, or after adjusting the excess air ratio in S10 or S11, in S12, an R (red) component calculated for each predetermined period of the flame burning in the furnace ( calculates an average value e _a of a predetermined time of the average value of the R component) in the image all pixels, is compared with the threshold e _b determined in advance. The comparison is performed by the following expression 6. If expression 6 is satisfied, it is determined that the amount of air is appropriate, and the process proceeds to S17. When Expression 6 is not satisfied, the process proceeds to S13.
[0053]
e _a ≦ e _b (6)
e _a is calculated by the image processing device 16 that processes the in-furnace image information from the industrial camera 15. The flame in the furnace is pale with a small R component value when the air supply amount is appropriate, but becomes a large flame with a large R component value when the air supply amount is excessive or insufficient. The R component of the flame is calculated as an average value of the R component in all the pixels in the image in the furnace image information taken into the image processing device 16.
[0054]
In S13, a point determined by the R component average value e _a calculated in S12 and the average value O ₂ a ′ of the measured value by the O ₂ densitometer 18 measured in substantially the same time zone, the threshold value e _b and the preset value are set in advance. The slope f of the straight line connecting the point determined by the appropriate O ₂ concentration O ₂ b ′ is calculated.
[0055]
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the points determined by e _a and O ₂ a ′ and the points determined by e _b and O ₂ b ′. 5 (a) is the case e _a and O ₂ a 'by defined points and e _b and O ₂ b' connecting points and determined by the inclination of the straight line f is positive, FIG. 5 (b) e _a and O ₂ shows a case where the slope f of a straight line connecting a point determined by 2a ′ and a point determined by e _b and O ₂ b ′ is negative.
[0056]
In S14, the inclination f obtained in S13 is determined by the following expression 7. If Expression 7 is satisfied, the process proceeds to S15. If Expression 7 is not satisfied, the process proceeds to S16.
[0057]
f ≧ 0 (7)
When Expression 7 is satisfied, in S15, the excess air ratio is reduced by a predetermined amount, and the process proceeds to S17. When the slope f is positive as shown in FIG. 6A, it is necessary to lower the O ₂ concentration in order to reduce the R component, and therefore the excess air ratio is reduced by a predetermined amount. In this case, reduction of the excess air ratio is in consideration of the difference between the threshold value e _b and the average luminance e _a, it is preferable that the _{(e a -e b) × γ} . Note that γ is a predetermined positive constant.
[0058]
When Expression 7 is not satisfied, the excess air ratio is increased by a predetermined amount in S16, and the process proceeds to S17. As shown in FIG. 6B, when the slope f is negative, it is necessary to increase the O ₂ concentration in order to reduce the R component. For this purpose, the excess air ratio is increased by a predetermined amount. In this case, the increase of the excess air ratio is in consideration of the difference between the threshold value e _b and the average luminance e _a, it is preferable that the _{(e a -e b) × γ} . Note that γ is a predetermined positive constant.
[0059]
In addition, in the in-furnace gas state determination means C in the present embodiment, the evaluation is performed only by the value of the R (red) component, but the evaluation is performed by the ratio of the value to the G (green) component and / or the B (blue) component. There are also methods and the like, and the evaluation method is not limited to this embodiment.
[0060]
In S17, the data on the excess air ratio corresponding to the current operation load adjusted in S5, S6, S15, or S16 and the heat generation amount of the waste is updated.
[0061]
The in-furnace gas state determination means A, the in-furnace gas state determination means B, and the in-furnace gas state determination means C can be performed independently, and can be performed in combination of any two. . In this case, the effect of each step alone or the combined effect can be obtained.
[0062]
When the in-furnace gas state determination means A is carried out independently, when S1 is satisfied, the process proceeds to S17, and the data on the excess air ratio is not updated, and the current operating load and waste heat generation are handled. The adjustment of the excess air ratio data is finished.
[0063]
In addition, when the in-furnace gas state determination means B is performed alone, the process starts from S7, and when Expression 3 is satisfied in S7, the process proceeds to S17, and the current operating load is not updated without updating the excess air ratio data. And the adjustment of the excess air ratio data corresponding to the heat generation amount of the garbage is finished. When Expression 3 is not satisfied, the process proceeds from S8 to S9 as in the case described above, and proceeds to S17 when S10 or S11 is completed.
[0064]
Further, when the in-furnace gas state determination means C is performed alone, the process starts from S12, and the process is performed in the same manner as described above.
[0065]
When the excess air ratio is set in the format shown in FIG. 2, the adjustment of the excess air ratio by the above-described method is performed for each load during operation of the incinerator (high load, rated load, low load). In each of the above, it is desirable to carry out the process until at least one set of garbage of the quality corresponding to the divided calorific value is charged. It is desirable to adjust the excess air ratio for each load for about half a day to one day.
[0066]
Further, it is also possible to take a method in which the adjustment of the excess air ratio is ended when the total number of numerical values updated in the past predetermined number of adjustments becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value.
[0067]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the amount of combustion air blown into the furnace from below the grate is calculated with high accuracy by adjusting the parameter for determining the amount of combustion air in a short time with high accuracy. An incinerator control device and a program that can be provided are provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a waste incinerator to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a setting example of an excess air ratio.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of a method for adjusting the excess air ratio.
FIG. 4 is an O ₂ —CO concentration distribution chart.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between luminance and O ₂ concentration.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship between a red component (R) and an O ₂ concentration.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Furnace 2 Garbage inlet 3 Dust supply device 4 Grate 5 Ash drop port 6 Combustion air blower 7 Furnace outlet 8 Chimney 9 Boiler 9a Heat exchanger 9b Steam drum 10 Cooling air inlet 11 Cooling air blower 12 Thermometer 13 Flow rate Total 14 Combustion air dampers 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d Under-grate combustion air damper 15 Industrial camera 16 Image processing device 18 O ₂ concentration meter 19 CO concentration meter 25 Incinerator control device 30 Intermediate ceiling

Claims (4)

A combustion control device for a grate-type waste incinerator, which calculates excess air ratio adjustment means and the amount of combustion air blown into the furnace from below the grate based on the excess air ratio adjusted by the excess air ratio adjustment means Combustion air amount calculation means for
The excess air ratio adjusting means includes in-furnace gas state determining means A,
The gas state judging means A furnace, a range of O ₂ concentrations CO concentration based on the measurement value of the O ₂ concentration and CO concentration of incinerator outlet near forms a pair range below a predetermined threshold value of the O ₂ concentration appropriate range determines that performs comparison with a predetermined threshold value and the ratio Ng / N for all data points N of the data points Ng departing from the proper scope of the O ₂ concentration, when Ng / N is greater than the threshold value, O ₂ Compare the number of data points Nl with a concentration lower than the appropriate range of concentration and the number of data points Nh with a higher concentration than the appropriate range of O ₂ concentration, and if Nl is smaller than Nh, determine that the oxygen in the furnace is excessive and the excess air ratio And the excess air ratio is adjusted so that the excess air ratio is increased by determining that the oxygen in the furnace is insufficient when Nl is greater than Nh. A combustion control device for a grate-type waste incinerator, which calculates excess air ratio adjustment means and the amount of combustion air blown into the furnace from below the grate based on the excess air ratio adjusted by the excess air ratio adjustment means Combustion air amount calculation means for
The excess air ratio adjusting means includes in-furnace gas state determining means B,
The in-furnace gas state determination means B processes the in-furnace image information to obtain a luminance average value Sa for a predetermined time and a predetermined threshold value Sb calculated for each predetermined period of the flame burning in the furnace. makes a comparison, if the average luminance value Sa is smaller than the threshold value Sb were measured in the same time zone as the time zone of calculating the average luminance value Sa and the luminance mean value Sa in the figure showing the luminance and the O ₂ concentration The slope d of a straight line connecting the point determined by the average value O ₂ a of the measured O ₂ concentration in the vicinity of the incinerator exit and the point determined by the preset appropriate O ₂ concentration O ₂ b is calculated. When the slope d is positive or 0, it is determined that the oxygen in the furnace is insufficient and the excess air ratio is increased. When the slope d is negative, the oxygen in the furnace is determined to be excessive and the excess air ratio is increased. Incinerator control device characterized by adjusting excess air ratio so as to reduce A combustion control device for a grate-type waste incinerator, which calculates excess air ratio adjustment means and the amount of combustion air blown into the furnace from below the grate based on the excess air ratio adjusted by the excess air ratio adjustment means Combustion air amount calculation means for
The excess air ratio adjusting means includes in-furnace gas state determining means C,
The in-furnace gas state determination means C processes the in-furnace image information and calculates the R component average value ea at a predetermined time of the R component calculated for each predetermined period of the flame burning in the furnace and a predetermined threshold value. It compares with eb, when R component average value ea is greater than the threshold value eb is, R component and O ₂ in the figure showing the concentration time were calculated R component average value ea and R component average value ea band and The point determined by the average value O _{2 a} ′ of the measured O ₂ concentration near the incinerator outlet measured in the same time zone is connected to the point determined by the threshold value eb and the preset appropriate O ₂ concentration O ₂ b ′. If the slope f is positive or 0, the oxygen in the furnace is determined to be excessive and the excess air ratio is reduced. If the slope f is negative, the oxygen in the furnace is insufficient. Incineration characterized in that the excess air ratio is adjusted so as to increase the excess air ratio Furnace control device.   A program that causes a computer to function as the incinerator control device according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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