CN109084324B - The burning air quantity control system and control method of biomass boiler - Google Patents
The burning air quantity control system and control method of biomass boiler Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 309
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 84
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 79
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 44
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010014173 Factor X Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
- F23N3/06—Regulating air supply or draught by conjoint operation of two or more valves or dampers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
- F23N2223/10—Correlation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of burning air quantity control system of biomass boiler, including burning Wind Coverage Calculation module, burning allocation of the amount of air module are proposed according to the present invention, and burning Wind Coverage Calculation module calculates burning airflow value, and sends burning allocation of the amount of air module for burning airflow value；Allocation of the amount of air module of burning receives burning airflow value, calculates and export primary air flow and secondary air flow to control the aperture of main air intake and secondary air register.Through the invention, the burning air quantity into boiler can be automatically adjusted, guarantee that boiler combustion air quantity is not influenced by into the type of burner hearth fuel, calorific value, moisture difference simultaneously, it is consistent with the burning air quantity demand of boiler load and fuel quantity in real time, improve boiler efficiency, fuel consumption is reduced, avoids the high temperature corrosion of boiler and the discharge of smoke pollution of boiler object exceeded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a boiler intelligent control technology, in particular to a combustion air volume control system and a control method of a biomass boiler.
Background
The boiler is an energy conversion device, chemical energy input into fuel is converted by the boiler, and steam with certain heat energy is output outwards. The combustion is a chemical reaction process of the reaction of fuel and air, the chemical reaction speed is greatly influenced by the amount of oxygen, the chemical reaction speed is high under the high-temperature condition, but if the physical mixing speed is low, the oxygen concentration is reduced, combustible materials cannot be sufficiently supplied with oxygen, and as a result, the combustion speed is also reduced inevitably. The proper amount of combustion air is supplied to provide sufficient oxygen for the fuel, which is the original condition for the combustion reaction. The combustion air is not supplied enough, and the combustible substances can not obtain enough oxygen, so that the complete combustion can not be realized. However, too large combustion air volume will result in reduced furnace temperature, increased smoke exhaust loss, and increased service power consumption. The combustion air volume fed into the furnace must be adapted to the air volume demand of the fuel quantity fed into the furnace.
The combustion air volume of the boiler is closely related to the thermal efficiency of the boiler, and the heat loss of the exhaust smoke is increased due to the overlarge total air volume; if the air quantity is too small, the pulverized coal is not fully combusted, the CO content, the fly ash combustible content and the slag combustible content in the flue gas are increased, so that the chemical and mechanical incomplete combustion loss is increased, and the total air quantity also influences the main steam temperature, so that the reasonable total air quantity entering the boiler is selected, the total heat loss can be minimized, and the thermal efficiency of the boiler can reach the highest.
In a coal-fired boiler, an air quantity control system is generally designed as a cascade control system, the main regulation is oxygen quantity correction, and the auxiliary regulation is air/coal ratio. The design concept of the air volume control system is that the auxiliary regulation firstly keeps a certain air/coal ratio, and then the oxygen volume of the main regulation is corrected to be accurately fine-regulated, as shown in figure 1. In order to ensure the combustion safety of the boiler, when the unit increases and decreases the load, sufficient air volume is ensured, certain excessive combustion air is kept, the total air volume is always kept to be larger than or equal to the total fuel quantity in the whole combustion process, and when the load is lower than 30% of rated load, the combustion air volume is kept to be 30% of the minimum air volume theta min in order to keep the safe combustion of the boiler.
In the biomass boiler, as shown in fig. 2, combustion air is sucked from the top of the boiler room, after passing through the blower, cold combustion air is heated in the air preheater, the heated combustion air enters the air supply distribution system, and the combustion air is divided into primary air and secondary air. The primary air is completely fed into the air chamber positioned at the lower part of the water-cooled grate, and the secondary air is fed in from the front wall and the rear wall of the combustion chamber. The primary air amount accounts for about 30% of the total air amount, the secondary air amount accounts for 70% of the total air amount, and the primary air amount, the secondary air amount and the fuel amount are adjusted to enable the load of the boiler to be adjusted between 40% and 100%.
The primary air enters the furnace bottom air chamber and then enters the hearth through the small holes on the water-cooled wall of the fire grate to provide oxygen required by combustion. The adjustment of the primary air quantity is determined according to the carbon content of the bottom slag and the fly ash and the CO discharge amount.
A plurality of secondary tuyeres are arranged at the lower part of the furnace. The secondary air provides sufficient oxygen required by fuel combustion, plays a very critical role in the combustion of the boiler, stirs gas in a hearth to mix, generates vortex in flue gas in the hearth, prolongs the stroke of suspended fly ash and fly ash combustible in the boiler, and further reduces the fly ash and fly ash combustible. Its reasonable use can reduce the amount of fly ash and reduce the combustible substance in fly ash. In addition, partial air is supplied to the suspended combustible, so that the heat efficiency of the boiler is improved, and the energy conservation and environmental protection of the biomass boiler are facilitated. The grate and associated structure are shown in fig. 3.
The combustion air quantity required by combustion is sent into the hearth by the blower, and the combustion air quantity is mainly realized by adjusting the rotating speed of the blower. The aim of adjusting the combustion air quantity is to ensure that the air quantity in the hearth can meet the requirement of fuel combustion on the combustion air, and corresponding oxygen quantity set values are maintained under different loads.
The biomass boiler is different from a coal-fired boiler, because biomass fuel heat value, moisture and type difference are large, the combustion air demand during fuel combustion cannot be calculated, therefore, the combustion air quantity control of the biomass boiler adopts a manual control mode, when operators change boiler load and fuel quantity entering a hearth, the rotating speed of an air feeder is changed according to the combustion condition in the hearth, the ash and slag condition discharged by the boiler and the smoke oxygen quantity measured value at the tail part of the boiler, the combustion air quantity is adjusted, and stable combustion and the smoke oxygen quantity in the hearth are maintained at a normal level. If the operating personnel find that flames in the hearth are blazing, the oxygen amount measured value is higher than the set value, the combustion air volume is relatively large, and the operating personnel need to reduce the rotating speed of the air feeder and the combustion air volume. If the flame in the hearth is dark red and unstable, the measured value of the oxygen content of the flue gas is lower than a set value, and the carbon content of ash is higher, the combustion air volume does not meet the combustion requirement, and the operating personnel need to adjust the rotating speed of the air feeder to increase the combustion air volume. The whole adjusting process is manually completed by operators, and the amount of increase and decrease of the air volume and the set value of the oxygen volume are determined by the operators according to personal experience.
The manual control of the combustion air quantity of the boiler is adopted, the adjustment operation of operators cannot meet the requirement of real-time change of boiler combustion, combustion fluctuation in a hearth can be caused, parameters of steam flow, temperature and pressure are unstable, the oxygen content of flue gas can generate larger fluctuation, and the carbon content of ash and slag and unburned combustible gas of the boiler are higher. Because the real combustion condition is changed when the operator finds that the combustion air volume demand is changed, the combustion air volume adjustment made by the operator always lags behind the combustion change in the hearth, and the combustion in the hearth cannot operate under the optimal working condition all the time. Meanwhile, the biomass fuel has large differences in types, heat values and moisture, and the air quantity demand deviation of the fuel quantity per unit mass is also large, so that the required combustion air quantity cannot be directly obtained through the fuel quantity in the hearth, the change of the combustion air quantity caused by the change of the boiler load and the fuel quantity is determined by an operator according to personal experience, and the situation that the combustion air quantity conforms to the boiler combustion demand at any time cannot be achieved. When the combustion air volume of the boiler is manually controlled, operators cannot adjust the distribution of the combustion air volume according to the combustion condition, namely the distribution of primary air volume and secondary air volume, and when the distribution of the primary air volume and the secondary air volume is inconsistent with the combustion working condition in a hearth, the carbon content of ash and slag is higher, the temperature of the hearth is overhigh, and the high-temperature corrosion of a water-cooled wall and a superheater of the boiler and the emission of smoke pollutants of the boiler exceed the standard are caused. Finally, because the operators manually adjust the furnace hearth, the unstable combustion in the furnace hearth and even the furnace shutdown phenomenon can not be avoided due to the adjustment level difference and misoperation of different operators.
In the technical aspect, the PID controller is a proportional-integral-derivative controller and consists of a proportional unit P, an integral unit I and a derivative unit D. Through setting of three parameters Kp, Ki and Kd, the PID controller is mainly suitable for a system with basically linear and dynamic characteristics which do not change along with time.
A PID controller is a feedback loop component that is common in industrial control applications. The PID controller compares the collected data with a reference value and then uses this difference to calculate a new input value which is intended to allow the data of the system to reach or remain at the reference value. Different from other simple control operations, the PID controller can adjust the input value according to historical data and the occurrence rate of differences, so that the system is more accurate and more stable. It can be shown mathematically that a PID feedback loop can maintain the stability of the system in the event that other control methods result in a system with a stability error or process iteration.
The PD controller is similar to the PID controller, but has no integral link and has steady-state error, and is characterized in that the adjustment quantity is intensively adjusted in the shortest time when the adjustment deviation is rapidly changed, and the adjustment static error is provided, so that the method is suitable for a large-lag link.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a system and a method for controlling the combustion air volume of a biomass boiler.
The invention provides a combustion air volume control system of a biomass boiler, which comprises a combustion air volume calculating module and a combustion air volume distributing module, wherein the combustion air volume calculating module calculates a combustion air volume value and sends the combustion air volume value to the combustion air volume distributing module; the combustion air volume distribution module receives the combustion air volume value, calculates and outputs the primary air volume and the secondary air volume so as to control the opening degrees of the primary air door and the secondary air door.
Furthermore, the system also comprises a blower controller and a flow transmitter arranged in the main air channel of the boiler, wherein the blower controller is a PID controller and is used for receiving the sum of the primary air quantity and the secondary air quantity and a combustion air quantity measured value sent by the flow transmitter and outputting a blower adjusting coefficient to the blower to control the air quantity.
Further, the system also comprises a primary air volume gain feedforward controller and a boiler load measuring device arranged in the boiler, wherein the primary air volume gain feedforward controller is a PD controller, receives a boiler load measured value and a boiler load set value sent by the boiler load measuring device, and outputs a feedforward value to adjust the primary air volume.
Further, the combustion air volume calculating module receives the oxygen volume value and calculates the combustion air volume, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,indicating combustion air volume, KairThe combustion air quantity of the boiler under different boiler loads at a certain time x is shown, x represents oxygen quantity, and I is an oxygen quantity coefficient.
Further, the system also comprises a combustion air volume correction module, the combustion air volume correction module calculates a combustion air volume deviation correction coefficient, and the calculation method of the combustion air volume deviation correction coefficient is as follows:
x is a correction coefficient;
for average design value of boiler load in t time
As average value of boiler load measurement in t time
The average design value of the oxygen content of the flue gas in t time
Is the average measured value of the oxygen content of the flue gas in t time
t is the sampling calculation time period, C is the boiler constant,
and calculating a combustion air volume deviation correction value according to the correction function, sending the deviation correction value to the combustion air volume calculation module, and after receiving the deviation correction value, adjusting the combustion air volume and sending the combustion air volume to the combustion air volume distribution module by the combustion air volume calculation module.
Preferably, t is the grate oscillation period.
Furthermore, the combustion air volume distribution module is used for distributing the combustion air volume output by the combustion air volume calculation module into primary air and secondary air.
The invention provides a combustion air volume control method of a biomass boiler, which comprises the following steps:
step 1,; setting oxygen amount and calculating combustion air volume;
step 2; dividing the combustion air volume into a primary air volume and a secondary air volume, and respectively controlling the opening degrees of a primary air door and a secondary air door;
and 3, receiving a combustion air volume measured value sent by a flow transmitter which is arranged in a main air duct of the boiler and used for measuring the combustion air volume, comparing the combustion air volume measured value with the sum of the primary air volume and the secondary air volume, and controlling the air supply speed of the air feeder.
Further, the formula for calculating the combustion air volume in the step 1 is as follows:
wherein,indicating combustion air volume, KairThe combustion air quantity of the boiler under different boiler loads at a certain time x is shown, x represents oxygen quantity, and I is an oxygen quantity coefficient.
Further, the combustion air volume can be corrected. The method for correcting the combustion air volume comprises the following steps:
step 11, calculating a combustion air volume deviation correction coefficient:
x is a correction coefficient;
for average design value of boiler load in t time
As average value of boiler load measurement in t time
The average design value of the oxygen content of the flue gas in t time
Is the average measured value of the oxygen content of the flue gas in t time
t is a sampling calculation time period, and C is a boiler constant;
step 12, calculating a combustion air volume deviation correction value by using a correction function; the correction function can be summarized by designers according to multiple times of boiler debugging test data;
and step 13, adding the combustion air volume and the combustion air volume deviation correction value to correct the combustion air volume.
Further, step 2 further comprises performing feedforward correction on the primary air volume. Preferably, the feed-forward correction is performed by a PID controller, and the PID controller receives the measured boiler load value and the set boiler load value and outputs a feed-forward correction value.
Further, in step 3, a PID controller receives a combustion air volume measurement value sent by a flow transmitter arranged in a main air duct of the boiler and the sum of the primary air volume and the secondary air volume, and outputs an air supply adjustment coefficient to an air feeder.
The combustion air volume control system and the method can automatically adjust the combustion air volume entering the boiler, simultaneously ensure that the combustion air volume of the boiler is not influenced by the difference of the type, the heat value and the moisture of the fuel entering a hearth, are consistent with the combustion air volume requirements of the boiler load and the fuel volume in real time, ensure that the oxygen volume requirement in the boiler combustion is consistent with the actual oxygen volume in the flue gas, eliminate the fluctuation of the boiler combustion and main steam parameters, maintain the combustion stability in a hearth, improve the burnout rate of the fuel, reduce the carbon content and unburned combustible gas of ash slag, improve the boiler efficiency, reduce the fuel consumption and avoid the high-temperature corrosion of the boiler and the standard exceeding of the emission of the boiler flue gas pollutants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional air quantity cascade control system of a coal-fired boiler;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a biomass boiler combustion air volume control system according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a water-cooled grate of a biomass boiler according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a combustion air volume control system of a biomass boiler according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a combustion air amount control flow of a biomass boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention.
To clearly illustrate the structure of embodiments of the present invention, certain dimensions, structures and devices are shown in the drawings, which are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention to the particular dimensions, structures, devices and environments, which may be adjusted or modified by one of ordinary skill in the art according to particular needs and are still included in the scope of the appended claims.
Detailed Description
The combustion air volume control system and method of the biomass boiler provided by the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
In the following description, various aspects of the invention will be described, however, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention may be practiced with only some or all of the structures or processes of the present invention. Specific numbers, configurations and sequences are set forth in order to provide clarity of explanation, but it will be apparent that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been set forth in detail in order not to obscure the invention.
The boiler combustion air volume control system of the invention is shown in fig. 4 and comprises a combustion air volume calculation module, a primary air volume gain feedforward controller and a combustion air volume distribution module.
1. Combustion air volume calculating module
And the combustion air volume calculating module is used for calculating and outputting combustion air volume. The boiler combustion air volume is calculated by receiving the oxygen volume data sent by the sensor arranged at the tail part of the boiler, and the oxygen volume is the oxygen content in the tail flue gas after the boiler combustion and can be used for representing the sufficiency of combustion. If the oxygen amount is lower, the boiler is fully combusted and has high efficiency, and if the oxygen amount is higher, the boiler is low in combustion efficiency. When the boiler is designed, the corresponding relation among the boiler load, the oxygen amount and the boiler combustion air quantity value is designed. In one embodiment, the design values of the boiler load, the oxygen amount and the combustion air amount are shown in table 1, and a functional (linear piecewise function) relationship between the three can be obtained according to the design values.
TABLE 1
The oxygen level may also be set manually, depending on the operating requirements of the boiler, with the set value generally being within the design value. The relationship between the oxygen amount and the boiler load and the combustion air amount is the following formula:
wherein,indicating the combustion air volume of the boiler (kg/s)]，KairShows the combustion air flow rate of the boiler at different boiler loads when the oxygen amount is set to a constant value (as shown in table 2, the oxygen amount set value is 2%), and x represents the oxygen amount value. And I is an oxygen coefficient which represents a proportionality coefficient between combustion air volume values of different boilers under the same boiler load and at different oxygen set values, and the proportionality coefficient is obtained by empirically summarizing the relation between the oxygen volume and the combustion air volume when the boilers are initially designed. In one embodiment, I is 1.08. In another embodiment, when x is 2%, the boiler load set point is related to Kair as shown in table 2, and a similar table is derived based on the design of the boiler.
TABLE 2
| Boiler load (MW) | Kair(kg/s) |
| 91.64 | 40.11 |
| 73.32 | 32.28 |
| 54.99 | 23.36 |
| 36.66 | 14.47 |
In yet another embodiment, the amount of oxygen manually set is in accordance with the boiler design, such that a maximum of 8% and a minimum of 2% provides a maximum combustion air flow of 46.81kg/s and a minimum of 25.53 kg/s.
The combustion air volume calculated according to the formula (1) is transmitted to the combustion air volume distribution module.
The invention calculates the combustion air quantity value required by the boiler through the oxygen amount set value, and does not use a method for calculating the combustion air quantity value through the boiler fuel quantity, thereby getting rid of the influence of the fuel on the air quantity, being suitable for the boiler to combust biomass fuels with different types and qualities, and ensuring that the combustion air quantity of the boiler can meet the combustion requirement of the fuel in the boiler even if the types, the heat value and the moisture of the fuel entering the boiler are different.
In one embodiment, the combustion air volume control system further comprises a combustion air volume correction module for correcting the combustion air volume. In the module, a combustion air volume deviation correction value is calculated and sent to a combustion air volume calculation module, and the combustion air volume calculation module utilizes the correction value to eliminate the deviation between the calculated combustion air volume and the actual boiler combustion air volume demand value.
In the actual operation of the boiler, the load value of the boiler and the oxygen content value of the flue gas fluctuate between the upper and lower intervals of the design values. The combustion air volume deviation calculation method comprises the following steps: the deviation of the boiler smoke oxygen quantity from the design value is compared with the deviation of the boiler load from the design value, and when the two deviations are unbalanced, the correction coefficient X is calculated and output according to the unbalanced value of the deviations.
The method for calculating the combustion air volume deviation correction coefficient comprises the following steps:
x is a correction coefficient;
the average design value of the boiler load in t time is expressed in MW,
is the average value of the boiler load measurement in the t time, and the unit is MW,
the average design value of the oxygen content of the flue gas in the time t isThe percentage of the total weight of the composition,
is the average measurement value of oxygen content of the flue gas in t time, and is percentage
t is the sampling calculation time period in seconds, and C is the boiler constant.
In the combustion air volume deviation coefficient calculation formula, in order to eliminate the influence of flue gas oxygen volume fluctuation caused by grate vibration and other reasons in the operation of a boiler, all oxygen volume set values, oxygen volume measured values, boiler load set values and boiler load measured values in the calculation formula are average values of t in a time period, the oxygen volume measured values are obtained from an oxygen volume analyzer at the tail part of the boiler, the boiler load measured values are obtained by calculation according to parameters such as main steam pressure, flow and temperature of the boiler, a boiler constant C is obtained by calculation according to the relation between the boiler load and the oxygen volume when the boiler is initially designed, and the values of the boiler load and the oxygen volume with different dimensions are converted through C and then are put into one formula for calculation. In one embodiment, C is preferably in the range of 2.4-3.6.
The correction coefficient X in the above calculation formula is calculated according to the period, and each calculation time period t is set by an operator and is generally the same as the vibration period time of the fire grate. The correction coefficient and the combustion air volume deviation correction value can be expressed by a correction function, and the correction function can be summarized by a designer according to a plurality of times of boiler debugging test data, and in one embodiment, the correction function is a piecewise function, as shown in table 3. And calculating a combustion air volume deviation correction value by using the correction function after the end of one period.
TABLE 3
| Correction factor X | Combustion air quantity deviation correction value kg/s |
| -0.5 | 0.75 |
| -0.25 | 0.3 |
| -0.1 | 0.1 |
| 0 | 0 |
| 0.1 | -0.1 |
| 0.25 | -0.3 |
| 0.5 | -0.75 |
The air volume deviation correction coefficient is calculated in a cyclic mode, a correction coefficient X is output in each period, a combustion air volume deviation correction value is obtained, the combustion air volume correction module sends the correction value to the combustion air volume calculation, and the combustion air volume calculation module superimposes the correction value on the combustion air volume to correct the combustion air volume. If the load and oxygen deviation is unbalanced, the correction coefficient X is not 0, a combustion air quantity deviation correction value is output, and if the combustion air quantity control system is in operation, the combustion air quantity deviation correction value is continuously sent to the combustion air quantity calculation module for accumulation according to the period t.
And the combustion air volume correction module definitely shows the accurate corresponding relation of the boiler load deviation, the oxygen amount deviation and the combustion air volume deviation, so that the corrected combustion air volume is consistent with the air volume requirement of boiler combustion.
3. Combustion air volume distribution module
And the combustion air volume distribution module is used for distributing the combustion air volume output by the combustion air volume calculation module. When fuel is combusted in the hearth, including combustion of solid fuel on the grate and combustion of combustible gases and small particles of fuel in the hearth, it is necessary to have the combustion air enter the hearth from different directions. The primary air enters from the lower part of the fire grate, and the secondary air enters from the lower part of the hearth. The combustion condition of fuel in the boiler is different under different loads of the boiler, so the size proportion of different wind is different.
Primary air quantity (combustion air quantity) combustion air quantity distribution coefficient
The secondary air flow rate is the combustion air flow rate-the primary air flow rate, and in one embodiment, the secondary air flow rate is output by a subtractor.
The combustion air volume distribution coefficient is used for controlling the proportion of the primary air volume and the secondary air volume. The adjusted primary and secondary air quantity can enable the interior of the boiler to be always in the optimized combustion working condition. The combustion air flow distribution coefficient has a functional relationship with the boiler load set value, the functional relationship is obtained by calculating according to the combustion mode in the hearth originally designed by the boiler and the demand of the primary air flow and the secondary air flow, and in one embodiment, the function is a piecewise function as shown in table 4.
TABLE 4
| Boiler load set point (MW) | Distribution coefficient of combustion air volume (%) |
| 91.64 | 30 |
| 73.32 | 35 |
| 54.99 | 40 |
| 36.66 | 50 |
4. Primary air volume gain feedforward controller
The primary air volume gain feedforward controller is used for adjusting the primary air volume so as to quickly adjust the air volume in the hearth when the load of the boiler is changed quickly, namely, the combustion rate on the grate is adjusted more quickly, and the change of the load of the boiler is responded. The primary air volume gain feedforward controller can be constructed by a PD controller, and an input end of the PD controller receives a boiler load set value SP (such as a manual input) and a boiler load measured value (i.e., an actual boiler load PV), and outputs an adjusted value of the primary air volume. In one embodiment, the maximum output is 15% of the total air flow used at full boiler load, i.e. 7.5 kg/s. The boiler load measuring device comprises a sensor arranged in a boiler, and can receive main steam pressure, flow and temperature of the boiler sent by the sensor, then calculate boiler load (namely measured boiler load) and send the boiler load to a primary air volume gain feedforward controller connected with the boiler load measuring device. The parameters of the PD controller are determined by an engineer according to the actual conditions in the debugging process of the boiler.
Meanwhile, in order to avoid the situation that the combustion air volume is smaller than the primary air volume required by the boiler combustion, the primary air volume gain feedforward value cannot have a negative number, namely when the input boiler design load is smaller than the actual load of the boiler, the output of the primary air volume gain feedforward controller is continuously reduced, but the minimum value is not smaller than 0, namely, the primary air volume gain feedforward controller only can increase the primary air volume and cannot reduce the primary air volume when acting on the primary air volume. When the input boiler design load is larger than the actual boiler load, the output of the primary air volume gain feedforward controller is continuously increased but does not exceed the maximum value.
Through the primary air volume gain feedforward, the change of the combustion air volume is ensured to be ahead of the change of the fuel volume when the fuel volume needs to be increased due to the change of the boiler load, and the fuel combustion requirement in a hearth is met.
In one embodiment, a blower control module is also included. The blower control module receives and compares the primary air quantity and the secondary air quantity sent by the air quantity distribution module and a combustion air quantity measured value sent by a flow transmitter of a total air channel behind the boiler air preheater, the sum of the primary air quantity and the secondary air quantity is the total combustion air quantity, and when the total combustion air quantity is larger than the combustion air quantity measured value, the blower control module outputs an adjustment coefficient to the blower to improve the rotating speed, namely increase the air quantity. On the contrary, when the total combustion air volume is smaller than the combustion air volume measured value, the blower control module outputs an adjustment coefficient to the blower to reduce the rotating speed, namely, the air volume.
The blower control module may be constituted by a PID controller, one input of which is the total combustion air volume (i.e., the sum of the measured values of the primary air volume and the secondary air volume), and the other input of which is the measured value of the combustion air volume, and the obtaining method is as described above. The output of the PID controller is an air supply adjusting coefficient, the range is 0-100%, the air supply adjusting coefficient is received by the air supply machine, the rotating speed of the air supply machine is adjusted, and the calculation formula is as follows: the rotating speed of the air blower is equal to the rated rotating speed, and the coefficient is adjusted.
As shown in FIG. 5, the method for controlling the combustion air volume of a boiler of the present invention comprises the following steps: step 1,; setting oxygen amount and calculating combustion air volume; step 2; dividing the combustion air volume into a primary air volume and a secondary air volume, and respectively sending the primary air volume and the secondary air volume to a primary air door and a secondary air door; and 3, comparing the combustion air volume measurement value with the sum of the primary air volume and the secondary air volume, and controlling the air supply speed of the air feeder.
Wherein, the formula for calculating the combustion air volume in the step 1 is as follows:
wherein,expressing the combustion air quantity in kg/s, KairThe method is characterized in that the method represents the combustion air quantity value of the boiler under different boiler loads at a certain time x, x represents the oxygen quantity value, and I is the oxygen quantity coefficient.
In one embodiment, the combustion air volume is also corrected. The correction value is obtained based on a correction function (a relationship between the correction value and a combustion air volume deviation correction coefficient) and the combustion air volume deviation correction coefficient is calculated by:
x is a correction coefficient;
the average design value of the boiler load in the t time is in MW
Is the average value of the boiler load measurement in the unit of MW in t time
The average design value of the oxygen content of the flue gas in t time is percentage
Is the average measurement value of oxygen content of the flue gas in t time, and is percentage
t is the sampling calculation time period in seconds, and C is the boiler constant.
The correction coefficient X in the above calculation formula is calculated according to the period, and each calculation time period t is set by an operator and is generally the same as the vibration period time of the fire grate. The correction coefficient and the combustion air volume deviation correction value can be expressed by a correction function, and the correction function can be summarized by a designer according to a plurality of times of boiler debugging test data, and in one embodiment, the correction function is a piecewise function, as shown in table 3. And calculating a combustion air volume deviation correction value by using the correction function after the end of one period.
Preferably, the step 2 further comprises performing feedforward correction on the primary air volume, wherein the PD controller is used for the feedforward correction, receives the boiler load measured value and the boiler load set value, and outputs a feedforward correction value for adjusting the primary air volume so as to quickly adjust the air volume in the hearth when the boiler load is quickly changed, namely, the combustion rate on the grate is quickly adjusted to respond to the change of the boiler load. The input end of the PD controller receives a boiler load set value SP (such as manual input) and a boiler load measured value (namely actual boiler load PV), and outputs an adjusted value of primary air volume. In one embodiment, the maximum output is 15% of the total air flow used at full boiler load, i.e. 7.5 kg/s. The boiler load measurement can be obtained by: a sensor is arranged in the boiler, and the boiler load (namely the measured value of the boiler load) is calculated according to the main steam pressure, the flow and the temperature of the boiler sent by the sensor. The parameters of the PD controller are determined by an engineer according to the actual conditions in the debugging process of the boiler.
In step 3, a PID controller is used for receiving the combustion air volume measurement value and the sum of the primary air volume and the secondary air volume, and an air supply adjusting coefficient is output to the air feeder.
The method for obtaining the combustion air volume measurement value comprises the following steps: a flow transmitter is arranged in a main air channel behind the boiler air preheater, and a combustion air volume measured value is obtained through the flow transmitter. The sum of the primary air volume and the secondary air volume is the total combustion air volume, and the obtaining method comprises the following steps: and arranging sensors on the primary air door and the secondary air door to measure the primary air quantity and the secondary air quantity, and obtaining the sum of the primary air quantity and the secondary air quantity through an adder, namely the total combustion air quantity. When the total combustion air volume is larger than the combustion air volume measured value, a larger adjustment coefficient is output to the blower to increase the rotation speed, that is, the air volume. On the contrary, when the total combustion air volume is smaller than the combustion air volume measured value, the blower control module outputs a reduced adjustment coefficient to the blower to reduce the rotating speed, namely, the air volume.
The output of the PID controller is an air supply adjusting coefficient, the range is 0-100%, the air supply adjusting coefficient is received by the air supply machine, the rotating speed of the air supply machine is adjusted, and the calculation formula is as follows: the rotating speed of the air blower is equal to the rated rotating speed, and the coefficient is adjusted.
The working flow of the boiler fuel air volume control system of the invention is simply described as follows:
the relationship between oxygen and boiler load has been defined in boiler design. The oxygen volume setting module calculates oxygen volume by receiving a boiler load measured value, the oxygen volume meeting the design of the boiler is manually input by an operator, the combustion air volume of the boiler is calculated according to the oxygen volume of the boiler, and the combustion air volume of the boiler can be corrected by the operator according to the actual operation condition of the boiler so that the combustion air volume is closer to the actual value. Preferably, the combustion air volume is added to the integrated value of the combustion air volume deviation correction value. The combustion air volume deviation correction value is obtained from the relationship between the load deviation and the oxygen amount deviation of the boiler. The combustion air volume is divided into a primary air volume and a secondary air volume after passing through the combustion air volume distribution module, meanwhile, the deviation of boiler load outputs a primary air volume gain value through a primary air volume gain feedforward controller, the sum of the primary air volume and the primary air volume gain value is the total primary air volume, the total primary air volume and the secondary air volume are added to finally obtain the total combustion air volume, the total combustion air volume and the combustion air volume measured value are both sent to an air feeder controller, and when the total combustion air volume is larger than the combustion air volume measured value, the rotating speed of the air feeder is increased, and the combustion air volume is increased. And otherwise, when the total combustion air volume is smaller than the combustion air volume measured value, reducing the rotating speed of the air feeder and the combustion air volume, wherein the total combustion air volume is equal to the combustion air volume measured value, and the rotating speed of the fan is kept unchanged.
The air feeder continuously controls the combustion air quantity entering the boiler by adjusting the rotating speed, when biomass fuels with different types, heat values and moisture are used, the combustion air quantity control of the boiler still can accurately send the fuel air quantity required by the load and the fuel quantity of the boiler into the boiler, the required primary air quantity is sent into the boiler from the bottom of the grate according to different requirements of combustion in the boiler on primary air quantity and secondary air quantity, the required secondary air quantity is sent into a hearth from the lower part of the hearth, the combustion stability in the hearth is kept, the measured value of the combustion air quantity of the boiler is consistent with the set value of the combustion air quantity of the boiler, the oxygen content in smoke of the boiler is kept stable, and the aim of adjusting the fuel air quantity of the.
The boiler combustion air volume control method can automatically adapt to biomass fuels with different types, heat values and water differences, and can not cause the fluctuation of combustion in the boiler and the fluctuation of oxygen in flue gas due to the change of the fuel entering the boiler. The invention replaces the manual control mode of operators, realizes the automatic control mode of the combustion air volume of the biomass boiler, controls the combustion air volume entering the boiler by adjusting the rotating speed of the air feeder, meets the air volume requirement of combustion in the boiler, ensures that the fuel entering a hearth can be fully combusted and burned out, and keeps the oxygen content in the smoke stable. Meanwhile, the boiler combustion air volume control method can also quickly adjust the primary air volume and the total combustion air volume corresponding to the boiler load deviation when the boiler load changes, so that the change of the fuel air volume can be synchronous with the change of the fuel quantity, and the requirement of the boiler load on the combustion air volume is met. Finally, the boiler combustion air volume control method also comprises the distribution of combustion air volume, namely the proportion of primary air volume entering from the lower part of the grate to secondary air volume entering from the hearth, so that the requirements of fuel combustion in the hearth on different air volumes under different loads are met.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only intended to describe the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the technical methods, the present invention can be extended in application to other modifications, variations, applications and embodiments, and therefore all such modifications, variations, applications, embodiments are considered to be within the spirit and teaching scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A combustion air volume control system of a biomass boiler comprises a combustion air volume calculating module and a combustion air volume distributing module, wherein the combustion air volume calculating module calculates a combustion air volume value and sends the combustion air volume value to the combustion air volume distributing module; the combustion air volume distribution module receives the combustion air volume value, calculates and outputs primary air volume and secondary air volume so as to control the opening degrees of the primary air door and the secondary air door;
the combustion air volume calculation module receives the oxygen volume value and calculates the combustion air volume, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,indicating combustion air volume, KairThe method is characterized in that the combustion air volume of the boiler under different boiler loads is shown at a certain time x, x represents oxygen quantity, I is an oxygen quantity coefficient, and a proportionality coefficient between the combustion air volume values of different boilers under the same boiler loads and different oxygen quantity set values is shown.
2. The combustion air volume control system according to claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a blower controller and a flow transmitter disposed in a main air duct of the boiler, and the blower controller is a PID controller for receiving a sum of the primary air volume and the secondary air volume and a combustion air volume measurement value transmitted from the flow transmitter, and outputting a blower adjustment coefficient to the blower to control the air volume.
3. The combustion air volume control system according to claim 2, wherein the system further comprises a primary air volume gain feedforward controller and a boiler load measuring device arranged in the boiler, wherein the primary air volume gain feedforward controller is a PD controller, receives a boiler load measured value and a boiler load set value sent by the boiler load measuring device, and outputs a feedforward value to adjust the primary air volume.
4. The combustion air volume control system according to claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a combustion air volume correction module that calculates a combustion air volume deviation correction coefficient by a method comprising:
x is a correction coefficient;
for average design value of boiler load in t time
As average value of boiler load measurement in t time
The average design value of the oxygen content of the flue gas in t time
Is the average measured value of the oxygen content of the flue gas in t time
t is the sampling calculation time period, C is the boiler constant,
and calculating a combustion air volume deviation correction value according to a correction function, and sending the deviation correction value to the combustion air volume calculation module, wherein the combustion air volume calculation module adjusts the combustion air volume and sends the combustion air volume to the combustion air volume distribution module after receiving the deviation correction value.
5. The combustion air volume control system of claim 4, wherein t is a grate vibration period.
6. The combustion air volume control system according to claim 1, wherein the combustion air volume distribution module is configured to distribute the combustion air volume output by the combustion air volume calculation module into primary air and secondary air.
7. A combustion air volume control method of a biomass boiler comprises the following steps:
step 1, setting oxygen quantity and calculating combustion air quantity; the calculation formula of the combustion air volume is as follows:
wherein,indicating combustion air volume, KairThe method comprises the steps of representing the combustion air volume of boilers under different boiler loads at a certain time x, representing the oxygen quantity, wherein I is an oxygen quantity coefficient, and representing a proportionality coefficient between the combustion air volume values of different boilers under the same boiler load and at different oxygen quantity set values;
step 2, dividing the combustion air volume into a primary air volume and a secondary air volume, and respectively controlling the opening degrees of a primary air door and a secondary air door;
and 3, receiving a combustion air volume measured value sent by a flow transmitter which is arranged in a main air duct of the boiler and used for measuring the combustion air volume, comparing the combustion air volume measured value with the sum of the primary air volume and the secondary air volume, and controlling the air supply speed of the air feeder.
8. The combustion air volume control method according to claim 7, further comprising the step of: and correcting the combustion air volume.
9. The combustion air volume control method according to claim 8, wherein correcting the combustion air volume includes:
step 11, calculating a combustion air volume deviation correction coefficient:
x is a correction coefficient;
for average design value of boiler load in t time
As average value of boiler load measurement in t time
The average design value of the oxygen content of the flue gas in t time
Is the average measured value of the oxygen content of the flue gas in t time
t is a sampling calculation time period, and C is a boiler constant;
step 12, calculating a combustion air volume deviation correction value through a correction function;
and step 13, adding the combustion air volume and the combustion air volume deviation correction value to correct the combustion air volume.
10. The combustion air volume control method according to claim 7, wherein the step 2 further includes feed-forward correction of the primary air volume.
11. The combustion air volume control method according to claim 10, wherein the feedforward correction is performed by a PID controller that receives a measured boiler load value and a set boiler load value and outputs a feedforward correction value.
12. The combustion air volume control method according to claim 7, wherein in step 3, a PID controller receives a combustion air volume measurement value transmitted from a flow rate transmitter provided in a main air duct of the boiler and a sum of the primary air volume and the secondary air volume, and outputs a blower adjustment coefficient to the blower.
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| CN201810794927.5A CN109084324B (en) | 2018-07-19 | 2018-07-19 | The burning air quantity control system and control method of biomass boiler |
| PCT/CN2019/096472 WO2020015694A1 (en) | 2018-07-19 | 2019-07-18 | Combustion air volume control system and method for biomass boiler |
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| CN109084324B (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2019-09-27 | 北京德普新源科技发展有限公司 | The burning air quantity control system and control method of biomass boiler |
| CN109519963B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2023-12-01 | 启明星宇节能科技股份有限公司 | Boiler temperature control device |
| CN109519962B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2023-12-01 | 启明星宇节能科技股份有限公司 | Low-nitrogen combustion air quantity adjusting equipment for boiler |
| CN111859774B (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2024-05-14 | 新奥数能科技有限公司 | Method and device for regulating and controlling air supply system of gas boiler |
| CN110397614B (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2020-09-11 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司丹东电厂 | Automatic air quantity and air pressure control system of thermal power generating unit |
| CN111089296A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-01 | 江苏弘成环保科技有限公司 | Automatic control method for fresh air supply of hazardous waste incineration rotary kiln |
| CN111426649B (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2022-08-26 | 国电科学技术研究院有限公司 | Boiler furnace near water-cooled wall reducing atmosphere testing and combustion optimizing adjusting system |
| CN111692611B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2023-10-03 | 大唐华银电力股份有限公司金竹山火力发电分公司 | Automatic control system and method for boiler air supply of power plant |
| CN114183770B (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2024-07-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Boiler air quantity control method, system and device |
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