CN109084324A - The burning air quantity control system and control method of biomass boiler - Google Patents
The burning air quantity control system and control method of biomass boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN109084324A CN109084324A CN201810794927.5A CN201810794927A CN109084324A CN 109084324 A CN109084324 A CN 109084324A CN 201810794927 A CN201810794927 A CN 201810794927A CN 109084324 A CN109084324 A CN 109084324A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
- F23N3/06—Regulating air supply or draught by conjoint operation of two or more valves or dampers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
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Abstract
A kind of burning air quantity control system of biomass boiler, including burning Wind Coverage Calculation module, burning allocation of the amount of air module are proposed according to the present invention, and burning Wind Coverage Calculation module calculates burning airflow value, and sends burning allocation of the amount of air module for burning airflow value；Allocation of the amount of air module of burning receives burning airflow value, calculates and export primary air flow and secondary air flow to control the aperture of main air intake and secondary air register.Through the invention, the burning air quantity into boiler can be automatically adjusted, guarantee that boiler combustion air quantity is not influenced by into the type of burner hearth fuel, calorific value, moisture difference simultaneously, it is consistent with the burning air quantity demand of boiler load and fuel quantity in real time, improve boiler efficiency, fuel consumption is reduced, avoids the high temperature corrosion of boiler and the discharge of smoke pollution of boiler object exceeded.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to boiler intelligent control technologies, more particularly, to the burning air quantity control system of biomass boiler
And control method.
Background technique
Boiler is a kind of energy conversion, will input the chemical energy in fuel, converts by boiler, output has outward
The steam of certain thermal energy.Burning is the chemical reaction process of fuel and air reaction, how many pairs of chemical reaction velocity shadows of oxygen amount
Sound it is larger, have higher chemical reaction velocity under hot conditions, if but physical mixed speed it is low, oxygen concentration decline, combustible
It cannot get sufficient oxygen supply, as a result burning velocity also necessarily declines.Suitable burning wind supply, provides enough for fuel
Oxygen, it is the initial condition of combustion reaction.The wind that burns is insufficient, and combustible cannot get enough oxygen, also cannot
Completely burned.But burn air quantity it is excessive, and will lead to furnace temperature decline and flue gas loss increase and plant consumption amount increase.
Being sent into the burning air quantity in furnace must be adapted with the air quantity demand for the fuel quantity being sent into furnace.
The height of boiler combustion air volume and boiler thermal efficiency is closely related, and total blast volume, which crosses conference, makes heat loss due to exhaust gas
Increase；Air quantity is too small, then coal dust firing can be made insufficient, and CO content in smoke, unburned combustible in fly ash and clinker combustible contain
Amount increases, and chemistry and incomplete combustion loss is caused to increase, and the size of total blast volume also has an impact Stream temperature, therefore selects
It takes and reasonably enters furnace total blast volume, total heat loss can be made minimum, boiler thermal efficiency reaches highest.
In coal-burning boiler, air quantity control system is typically designed as cascade control system, and homophony is oxygen amount amendment, and pair is adjusted to
Wind/coal ratio.The design concept of air quantity control system is that secondary adjust keeps certain wind/coal ratio first, then is corrected by the oxygen amount of homophony
Accurate fine tuning is done, as shown in Figure 1.In order to guarantee the safety of boiler combustion, in unit increasing, load shedding, guarantee has abundance
Air quantity, keep certain excess combustion wind, remained in entire combustion process " total blast volume be greater than or equal to total fuel
Amount ", but when load is lower than 30% rated load, in order to keep the safe combustion of boiler, burning air quantity remains 30%
Minimum air quantity θ min.
In biomass boiler, as shown in Fig. 2, burning wind is inhaled at the top of boiler room, after pressure fan, cold combustion
Wind is burnt to be heated in air preheater, the burning wind after heating enters air-supply distribution system, burning wind will be divided into First air,
Secondary Air two parts.First air is all introduced into positioned at water-cooled grate lower part air compartment, and front-back wall of the Secondary Air in combustion chamber is sent into.
First air air quantity accounts for about the 30% of total air, and Secondary Air air quantity accounts for the 70% of total air, adjusts first and second air quantity, fuel
Amount, can be such that boiler load adjusts between 40%~100%.
First air enters after furnace bottom air compartment and enters burner hearth by the aperture on fire grate water-cooling wall again, provides for burning required
Oxygen.The adjustment of primary air flow need to be determined according to bottom ash and unburned carbon in flue dust, CO discharge amount.
In lower furnace portion arrangement, there are many overfiren air ports.Secondary Air provides sufficient oxygen required for fuel combustion, secondary
Wind plays very crucial effect in the burning of this boiler, and gas is allowed to mix in Secondary Air stirring burner hearth, makes cigarette in burner hearth
Gas generates vortex, extends the stroke of the flying dust and fly ash combustible material of suspension in furnace, drops flying dust and fly ash combustible material further
It is low.Its reasonable employment can be such that flying dust amount reduces, and reduce fly ash combustible material.In addition empty to suspension combustible supply portion
Gas is conducive to improve boiler thermal efficiency, is conducive to the energy conservation and environmental protection of biomass boiler.Fire grate and dependency structure are as shown in Figure 3.
Burning air quantity required for burning is sent into burner hearth by pressure fan, and burning air quantity, which mainly passes through, adjusts pressure fan revolving speed
Come what is realized.And the target for adjusting burning air quantity is ensuring that the air quantity in burner hearth can satisfy fuel combustion to the need of burning wind
It measures, corresponding oxygen amount setting value is maintained under different load.
Biomass boiler is different from coal-burning boiler, can not because biomass fuel calorific value, moisture, Species differences are bigger
Burning wind demand when fuel combustion is calculated, therefore the burning Boiler pressure control of biomass boiler is all using the side of manually controlling
Formula, when operations staff changes boiler load, into the fuel quantity of burner hearth when, the combustion position in burner hearth, boiler row according to the observation
The Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas measured value of lime-ash situation and boiler tail out, changes pressure fan revolving speed, and adjustment burning air quantity maintains in burner hearth
Stablize burning and Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas in a normal level.If operations staff has found that burner hearth flame is vehement white dazzling, oxygen content measurement
Value is higher than setting value, illustrates that burning air quantity is bigger than normal, and operations staff needs to reduce pressure fan revolving speed, reduces burning air quantity.If furnace
The dark red shakiness of thorax flame, Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas measured value are higher lower than setting value and ash content carbon, illustrate that burning air quantity is unsatisfactory for
Combustion needs, operations staff need to adjust pressure fan revolving speed, increase burning air quantity.Entire adjustment process is all that operations staff is manual
It completes, increase and decrease amount, the setting value of oxygen amount of air quantity are all determined by operations staff according to personal experience.
Using boiler combustion air quantity is manually controlled, the adjustment operation of operations staff is unable to satisfy boiler combustion real-time change
It is required that will cause the fluctuation of furnace chamber inner combustion, vapor flow rate, temperature, pressure parameter are unstable, and Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas also will appear bigger
Fluctuation, the ash content carbon of boiler and uncombusted imflammable gas are higher.Because when operations staff has found burning air quantity demand hair
When changing, true combustion position changes already, therefore the burning air quantity adjustment that operations staff makes will always lag
Change in furnace chamber inner combustion, the burning in burner hearth cannot operate in always optimum condition.Meanwhile type, the heat of biomass fuel
Value, moisture difference are very big, and the air quantity demand disruption of the fuel quantity of unit mass is also very big, therefore can not pass through the fuel in burner hearth
It is all by running that amount, which can immediately arrive at burning air quantity change caused by required burning air quantity, boiler load and fuel quantity variation,
Personnel determine according to personal experience, can not accomplish whenever all to be consistent with boiler combustion demand.Manually control boiler combustion wind
When amount, operations staff is that burning allocation of the amount of air can not be adjusted according to combustion case, i.e. the distribution of primary air flow and secondary air flow, one
When the distribution of secondary air quantity and secondary air flow and furnace chamber inner combustion operating condition are inconsistent, not only can ash content carbon it is higher, also will cause
Fire box temperature is excessively high, causes the high temperature corrosion of boiler water wall and superheater and the discharge of smoke pollution of boiler object exceeded.Finally, by
Then operations staff manually adjusts, therefore is not avoided that adjustment level difference and the operation error of different operations staffs, causes furnace
Chamber inner combustion is unstable, or even blowing out phenomenon occurs.
Technical aspect, PID controller are proportional-integral derivative controller, by proportional unit P, integral unit I and differential
Cells D composition.By the setting of tri- parameters of Kp, Ki and Kd, PID controller is primarily adapted for use in substantially linear and dynamic characteristic not
Time varying system.
PID controller is a common feedback loop component in Industry Control Application.PID controller is being collected into
Data and a reference value are compared, then this difference for calculating new input value, the mesh of this new input value
Be that the data of system can be allowed to reach or be maintained at reference value.Different with other simple control operations, PID controller can
To adjust input value according to the occurrence rate of historical data and difference, system can be made more accurate in this way, it is more stable.It can be with
Proved by the method for mathematics, other control methods cause system have steady state error or process repeatedly in the case where, a PID
Feedback loop can but keep the stabilization of system.
PD control device is similar with PID controller, but it does not have integral element, and there are steady-state errors, its main feature is that adjusting inclined
So that conciliation amount is strengthened within the shortest time adjustings when poor quickly variation, has adjusting static difference, suitable for large time delay link.
Summary of the invention
For the drawbacks described above for overcoming the prior art, the present invention propose a kind of biomass boiler burning air quantity control system and
Method.
A kind of burning air quantity control system of biomass boiler, including burning Wind Coverage Calculation mould are proposed according to the present invention
Block, burning allocation of the amount of air module, burning Wind Coverage Calculation module calculates burning airflow value, and sends burning wind for burning airflow value
Measure distribution module；Allocation of the amount of air module of burning receives burning airflow value, calculates and export primary air flow and secondary air flow to control
The aperture of main air intake and secondary air register.
Further, system further includes blow machine controller and the flow transmitter being arranged in the total air duct of boiler, is blown
Controller is PID controller, the burning air quantity sent for receiving the sum of primary air flow and secondary air flow and flow transmitter
Measured value exports air-supply regulation coefficient to pressure fan to control air output.
Further, system further includes primary air flow gain feedforward controller and the boiler load being arranged in boiler measurement
Device, primary air flow gain feedforward controller are PD control device, receive the boiler load measurement that boiler load measuring device is sent
Value and boiler load setting value export feedforward value to adjust primary air flow.
Further, burning Wind Coverage Calculation module receives oxygen amount numerical value, and calculates burning air quantity, calculation formula are as follows:
Wherein,Indicate burning air quantity, KairIndicate the boiler combustion air quantity under mono- timing of x, different boiler loads,
X indicates oxygen amount, and I is oxygen amount coefficient.
Further, system further includes burning air quantity correction module, and burning air quantity correction module calculates burning air quantity difference
The calculation method of correction factor, the air quantity difference correction factor that burns is as follows:
X is correction factor；
For boiler load average design value in the t time
Average value is measured for boiler load in the t time
For Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas average design value in the t time
For Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas average measurement value in the t time
T is that sampling calculates the time cycle, and C is boiler constant,
And burning air quantity difference correction value is calculated according to correction function, and sends burning air volume meter for drift correction value
Module is calculated, after burning Wind Coverage Calculation module receives drift correction value, adjustment burning air quantity simultaneously sends burning wind for burning air quantity
Measure distribution module.
Preferably, t is the fire grate vibration period.
Further, burning allocation of the amount of air module is one for the burning allocation of the amount of air for the Wind Coverage Calculation module output that will burn
Secondary wind and Secondary Air.
A kind of burning air quantity control method of biomass boiler is proposed according to the present invention, comprising the following steps:
Step 1,；Oxygen amount is set, burning air quantity is calculated；
Step 2,；Burning air quantity is divided into primary air flow and secondary air flow, controls main air intake and secondary air register respectively
Aperture；
The burning that the flow transmitter for measuring burning air quantity in the total air duct of boiler is sent is arranged in step 3, reception
Air measuring value compares burning air measuring value and the sum of primary air flow and secondary air flow, controls pressure fan air supply velocity.
Further, step 1 calculates the formula of burning air quantity are as follows:
Wherein,Indicate burning air quantity, KairIndicate the boiler combustion air quantity under mono- timing of x, different boiler loads,
X indicates oxygen amount, and I is oxygen amount coefficient.
Further, burning air quantity can also be modified.To burning air quantity be modified the following steps are included:
Step 11 calculates burning air quantity difference correction factor:
X is correction factor；
For boiler load average design value in the t time
Average value is measured for boiler load in the t time
For Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas average design value in the t time
For Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas average measurement value in the t time
T is that sampling calculates the time cycle, and C is boiler constant；
Step 12 calculates burning air quantity difference correction value using correction function；Correction function can by designer according to
Multiple Boiler debugging test data summary obtains；
Step 13 is added in burning air quantity with burning air quantity difference correction value, to correct burning air quantity.
Further, step 2 further includes carrying out feedforward amendment to primary air flow.Preferably, before being carried out by PID controller
Feedback amendment, PID controller receive boiler load measured value and boiler load setting value, output feedforward correction value.
Further, in step 3, the flow transmitter being arranged in the total air duct of boiler is received by PID controller and is sent
Burning air measuring value and the sum of primary air flow and secondary air flow, export blow regulation coefficient to pressure fan.
The burning air quantity control system and method proposed through the invention can automatically adjust the burning wind into boiler
Amount, while guaranteeing that boiler combustion air quantity is not influenced by the type of burner hearth fuel, calorific value, moisture difference is entered, in real time and boiler
The burning air quantity demand of load and fuel quantity is consistent, makes in boiler combustion to the practical oxygen amount one in the demand and flue gas of oxygen amount
It causes, eliminates the fluctuation of boiler combustion and main steam condition, furnace chamber inner combustion is maintained to stablize, improve the burn-off rate of fuel, reduce ash
The phosphorus content of slag and unburned fuel gas improve boiler efficiency, reduce fuel consumption, avoid high temperature corrosion and the pot of boiler
Kiln gas pollutant emission is exceeded.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is coal-burning boiler routine air quantity cascade control system schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram according to the biomass boiler of one embodiment of the invention burning air quantity control system；
Fig. 3 is the water-cooled grate structural schematic diagram according to the biomass boiler of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram according to the burning air quantity control system of the biomass boiler of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram according to the burning Boiler pressure control process of the biomass boiler of one embodiment of the invention.
In order to clearly realize the structure of the embodiment of the present invention, certain size, structure and device are labelled in figure,
But signal needs are only for, are not intended to limit the invention in the specific dimensions, structure, device and environment, according to specific
Need, these devices and environment can be adjusted or be modified by those skilled in the art, the adjustment that is carried out or
Person's modification still includes in the range of appended claims.
Specific embodiment
In the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments to the burning air quantity control system of biomass boiler provided by the invention and
Method is described in detail.
In the following description, multiple and different aspects of the invention will be described, however, for common skill in the art
For art personnel, the present invention can be implemented just with some or all structures or process of the invention.In order to explain
Definition for, specific number, configuration and sequence are elaborated, however, it will be apparent that these specific details the case where
Under the present invention also can be implemented.It in other cases, will no longer for some well-known features in order not to obscure the present invention
It is described in detail.
Boiler combustion air quantity control system of the invention is as shown in figure 4, include burning Wind Coverage Calculation module, primary air flow increasing
Beneficial feedforward controller and burning allocation of the amount of air module.
1, burning Wind Coverage Calculation module
Burning Wind Coverage Calculation module is for calculating and exporting burning air quantity.Boiler combustion air quantity is arranged by receiving in boiler
The oxygen amount data that the sensor of tail portion is sent are calculated, and oxygen amount is the oxygen content after boiler combustion in tail flue gas, can
With the adequacy for characterizing burning.If oxygen amount is lower, indicate that boiler combustion is abundant, high-efficient, if oxygen amount is higher, indicates
Boiler combustion efficiency is lower.When boiler design, the reciprocal correspondence relationship of boiler load, oxygen amount and boiler combustion airflow value
It is all designed.In one embodiment, the design value of the boiler load of design, oxygen amount and the air quantity that burns is as shown in table 1, root
According to design value it can be concluded that function (linear segmented function) relationship between three.
Table 1
According to the service requirement of boiler, oxygen amount can also be manually set, and setting value is generally in the range of design value.Oxygen amount
Relationship with boiler load and the air quantity that burns is following formula:
Wherein,It indicates boiler combustion air quantity [kg/s], KairIndicate (such as table when being set as a definite value in oxygen amount
In 2, oxygen amount setting value is that 2%), the boiler combustion airflow value under different boiler loads, x indicates oxygen amount value.I is oxygen amount coefficient,
It indicates under identical boiler load, when different oxygen amount setting value, proportionality coefficient between different boiler combustion airflow values, this is
The relationship of oxygen amount and burning air quantity when number is by boiler initial design, is obtained by summary of experience.In one embodiment
In, I 1.08.In another embodiment, as x=2%, the relationship of boiler load setting value and Kair are as shown in table 2, class
As table will be obtained according to the design of boiler.
Table 2
| Boiler load (MW) | Kair(kg/s) |
| 91.64 | 40.11 |
| 73.32 | 32.28 |
| 54.99 | 23.36 |
| 36.66 | 14.47 |
In yet another embodiment, the oxygen amount set by hand should meet boiler design, as maximum value is 8%, minimum value is
2%, then the maximum value for the air quantity that burns is 46.81kg/s, minimum value 25.53kg/s.
According to the calculated burning air quantity of formula (1), burning allocation of the amount of air module can be sent to.
Burning airflow value needed for the present invention calculates boiler by oxygen amount setting value, without the use of passing through boiler oil
The method that amount calculates burning airflow value, therefore influence of the fuel to air quantity is got rid of, adapt to boiler combustion variety classes and quality
Biomass fuel can also ensure that boiler combustion air quantity energy even if different into the type of the fuel of boiler, calorific value, moisture
Enough meet the combustion requirements of boiler fuel.
In one embodiment, burning air quantity control system further includes burning air quantity correction module, for burning air quantity
It is modified.In this module, burning air quantity difference correction value is calculated, and the correction value is sent to burning Wind Coverage Calculation mould
Block, burning Wind Coverage Calculation module using this correction value eliminate calculated burning air quantity and practical boiler combustion air quantity requirements it
Between deviation.
In boiler actual motion, boiler load value and Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas value are all that fluctuation becomes in the section up and down of its design value
Change.Air quantity difference calculation method of burning is as follows: the deviation of boiler smoke oxygen amount and its design value, by the boiler with generation simultaneously
The deviation of load and its design value is compared, when having uneven between the two deviations, according to the unbalanced number of deviation
Value calculates and output correction factor X.
The calculation method of burning air quantity difference correction factor is as follows:
X is correction factor；
For boiler load average design value in the t time, unit MW,
For in the t time boiler load measure average value, unit MW,
It is percentage for Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas average design value in the t time,
It is percentage for Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas average measurement value in the t time
T is that sampling calculates the time cycle, and unit is the second, and C is boiler constant.
In air quantity difference coefficient formulas of burning, in order to eliminate cigarette caused by by reasons such as fire grate vibrations in boiler operatiopn
The influence of gas oxygen amount fluctuation, all oxygen amount setting value, oxygen content measurement value, boiler load setting value and boiler in calculation formula
For load measurement all by using the average value of t in the time cycle, oxygen content measurement value is derived from the oxygen analyzer of boiler tail, boiler
Load measurement is to be calculated to obtain according to parameters such as the main steam pressures, flow, temperature of boiler, and boiler constant C is according to boiler
The relationship of boiler load and oxygen amount is calculated when initial design, by the numerical value of the two different dimensions of boiler load and oxygen amount
After being converted by C, it is put into a formula and calculates.In one embodiment, the preferred scope of C is 2.4-3.6.
Correction factor X is calculated by the period in above-mentioned calculation formula, and each calculating time cycle t is set by operations staff, is led to
It is often identical as time fire grate vibration period.It can be indicated with correction function between correction factor and burning air quantity difference correction value,
What correction function can be obtained by designer according to multiple Boiler debugging test data summary, in one embodiment, repair
Positive function is piecewise function, as shown in table 3.Burning air quantity difference is calculated using correction function after a cycle to correct
Value.
Table 3
| Correction factor X | Burn air quantity difference correction value kg/s |
| -0.5 | 0.75 |
| -0.25 | 0.3 |
| -0.1 | 0.1 |
| 0 | 0 |
| 0.1 | -0.1 |
| 0.25 | -0.3 |
| 0.5 | -0.75 |
The air quantity difference correction factor loop cycle calculates, and each period can export a correction factor X, and obtain
One burning air quantity difference correction value, correction value is sent burning Wind Coverage Calculation by air quantity correction module of burning, by burning air quantity
Correction value is added to by computing module burns on air quantity to burning air quantity amendment.As long as load and oxygen amount deviation exist uneven
Weighing apparatus, correction factor X will not be 0, will export burning air quantity difference correction value, as long as burning air quantity control system is being run
In, burning air quantity difference correction value will be continuously transmitted to burning Wind Coverage Calculation module according to period t and add up.
Burning air quantity correction module explicitly indicates that out that boiler load deviation, oxygen amount deviation are accurate right with burning air quantity difference
It should be related to, so that revised burning air quantity is consistent with the air quantity demand of boiler combustion.
3, burning allocation of the amount of air module
Burning allocation of the amount of air module is used to be allocated the burning air quantity of burning Wind Coverage Calculation module output.Fuel is in furnace
When chamber inner combustion, including in the solid fuel ignition and burner hearth on fire grate imflammable gas and the short grained burning of fuel, because
This wind that needs to burn enters burner hearth from different directions.Entering under fire grate is First air, and entering from lower furnace portion is Secondary Air.Boiler
Under different loads, the combustion case of boiler fuel is different, therefore the size of different wind is also different.
Primary air flow=burning air quantity * burning allocation of the amount of air coefficient
Secondary air flow=burning air quantity-primary air flow exports secondary air flow by subtracter in one embodiment.
Burning allocation of the amount of air coefficient is used to control the ratio of primary air flow and secondary air flow.A secondary air flow adjusted,
It can make the combustion conditions that optimization is constantly in boiler.The allocation of the amount of air coefficient that burns is closed with boiler load setting value with function
System, functional relation are to pass through meter according to the demand of boiler initial design furnace chamber inner combustion mode and primary air flow, secondary air flow
It is obtained after calculation, in one embodiment, function is piecewise function, as shown in table 4.
Table 4
| Boiler load setting value (MW) | It burns allocation of the amount of air coefficient (%) |
| 91.64 | 30 |
| 73.32 | 35 |
| 54.99 | 40 |
| 36.66 | 50 |
4, primary air flow gain feedforward controller
Primary air flow gain feedforward controller is for being adjusted primary air flow, with fast when boiler load quickly changes
Air quantity in the whole burner hearth of velocity modulation, namely the burn rate on fire grate is quickly adjusted, respond the variation of boiler load.Primary air flow
Gain feedforward controller can be constructed by PD control device, and PD control device input terminal receives boiler load setting value SP (as by hand
Input) and boiler load measured value (i.e. boiler actual load PV), export the adjusted value of primary air flow.In one embodiment,
The maximum value of output be boiler at full capacity when total blast volume used 15%, i.e. 7.5kg/s.Boiler load measuring device includes setting
Sensor in boiler is capable of boiler main steam pressure, the flow, temperature of receiving sensor transmission, it is negative then to calculate boiler
Lotus (i.e. boiler load measured value) is simultaneously sent to its primary air flow gain feedforward controller connected.The parameter of PD control device by
Engineering staff determines according to the actual conditions during Boiler debugging.
Meanwhile in order to avoid there is the case where primary air flow needed for burning air quantity is less than boiler combustion, primary air flow gain
Feedforward value is not in negative, i.e., when the boiler design load of input is less than boiler actual load, primary air flow gain feedforward
The output of controller will be reduced constantly, but minimum value will not be less than 0, i.e., primary air flow gain feedforward controller action is in First air
Primary air flow can only be increased when amount, not can be reduced primary air flow.When the boiler design load of input is greater than boiler actual load,
The output of primary air flow gain feedforward controller will be continuously increased, but not be more than its maximum value.
Pass through primary air flow gain feedforward, it is ensured that when boiler load, which changes, to be needed to increase fuel quantity, combustion
The variation for burning air quantity is ahead of the variation of fuel quantity, meets the fuel combustion demand in burner hearth.
It in one embodiment, further include pressure fan control module.Pressure fan control module receives allocation of the amount of air module hair
The burning air quantity that the primary air flow and secondary air flow that send and the flow transmitter in total air duct after boiler air preheater are sent
Measured value is simultaneously compared, primary air flow and secondary air flow and be total burning air quantity, when always, burning air quantity is greater than burning air quantity
When measured value, pressure fan control module will output adjustment coefficient improve revolving speed to pressure fan and increase air output.Conversely, working as
When total burning air quantity is less than burning air measuring value, pressure fan control module will output adjustment coefficient reduce and turn to pressure fan
Speed, i.e. reduction air output.
Pressure fan control module can be made of PID controller, and an input of PID controller burns air quantity (i.e. to be total
The sum of primary air flow and secondary air flow measured value), another input is burning air measuring value, and preparation method is as described above.
The output of PID controller is air-supply regulation coefficient, range 0-100%, pressure fan reception air-supply regulation coefficient, adjusting pressure fan
Revolving speed, calculation formula are as follows: pressure fan revolving speed=amount revolving speed * regulation coefficient.
Boiler combustion air quantity control method of the invention is as shown in Figure 5, comprising the following steps: step 1,；Set oxygen amount, meter
Calculate burning air quantity；Step 2,；Burning air quantity is divided into primary air flow and secondary air flow, is separately sent to main air intake and Secondary Air
Door；Step 3 compares burning air measuring value and the sum of primary air flow and secondary air flow, controls pressure fan air supply velocity.
Wherein, the formula of burning air quantity is calculated in step 1 are as follows:
Wherein,Indicate burning air quantity, unit kg/s, KairIndicate the pot under mono- timing of x, different boiler loads
Furnace burning airflow value, x indicate oxygen amount value, and I is oxygen amount coefficient.
In one embodiment, also burning air quantity is modified.Correction value is according to correction function (correction value and burning
Relationship between air quantity difference correction factor) it obtains, and the calculation method for the air quantity difference correction factor that burns are as follows:
X is correction factor；
For boiler load average design value, unit MW in the t time
Average value, unit MW are measured for boiler load in the t time
It is percentage for Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas average design value in the t time
It is percentage for Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas average measurement value in the t time
T is that sampling calculates the time cycle, and unit is the second, and C is boiler constant.
Correction factor X is calculated by the period in above-mentioned calculation formula, and each calculating time cycle t is set by operations staff, is led to
It is often identical as time fire grate vibration period.It can be indicated with correction function between correction factor and burning air quantity difference correction value,
What correction function can be obtained by designer according to multiple Boiler debugging test data summary, in one embodiment, repair
Positive function is piecewise function, as shown in table 3.Burning air quantity difference is calculated using correction function after a cycle to correct
Value.
Wherein, step 2 further includes carrying out feedforward amendment to primary air flow, it is preferred that feedforward amendment uses PD control device, PD
Controller receives boiler load measured value and boiler load setting value, output feedforward correction value, for adjusting to primary air flow
It is whole, quickly to adjust the air quantity in burner hearth when boiler load quickly changes, namely the burn rate on fire grate is quickly adjusted,
Respond the variation of boiler load.PD control device input terminal receives boiler load setting value SP (as manually entered) and boiler load is surveyed
Magnitude (i.e. boiler actual load PV), exports the adjusted value of primary air flow.In one embodiment, the maximum value of output is boiler
The 15% of total blast volume used, i.e. 7.5kg/s when at full capacity.Boiler load measured value can be obtained by following methods: in boiler
Interior setting sensor, the boiler main steam pressure sent according to sensor, flow, temperature computation boiler load (i.e. boiler load
Measured value).The parameter of PD control device is determined by engineering staff according to the actual conditions during Boiler debugging.
Wherein, in step 3, burning air measuring value and the sum of primary air flow and secondary air flow are received using PID controller,
Air-supply regulation coefficient is exported to pressure fan.
The method for obtaining burning air measuring value is as follows: flow transmitter is arranged in total air duct after boiler air preheater, leads to
Overcurrent transmitter obtains burning air measuring value.Primary air flow and secondary air flow and be total burning air quantity, preparation method
Both it is as follows: in main air intake and secondary air register setting sensor measurement primary air flow and secondary air flow, obtained by adder
The sum of, i.e., always burn air quantity.When always burning air quantity is greater than burning air measuring value, the regulation coefficient feeding to become larger will be exported
Blower increases air output to improve revolving speed.Conversely, pressure fan controls mould when always burning air quantity is less than burning air measuring value
Block will export the regulation coefficient to become smaller to pressure fan to reduce revolving speed, that is, reduce air output.
The output of PID controller is air-supply regulation coefficient, range 0-100%, pressure fan reception air-supply regulation coefficient, tune
Save pressure fan revolving speed, calculation formula are as follows: pressure fan revolving speed=amount revolving speed * regulation coefficient.
The workflow of boiler oil air quantity control system of the invention is briefly described as follows:
Oxygen amount and the relationship of boiler load are defined completions in boiler design.Oxygen amount setting module is by receiving boiler
Load measurement oxygen content calculation is also manually entered the oxygen amount for meeting boiler design by operations staff, is calculated according to boiler oxygen amount
Boiler combustion air quantity can correct boiler combustion air quantity according to the actual operating condition of boiler by operations staff, so that burning wind
It measures closer with actual numerical value.Preferably, burning air quantity is added with the aggregate-value for air quantity difference correction value of burning.The air quantity that burns is inclined
Poor correction value is according to obtained from the relationship of the load deviation of boiler and oxygen amount deviation.Air quantity burn by burning allocation of the amount of air
It is divided into primary air flow and secondary air flow after module, meanwhile, the deviation of boiler load will pass through primary air flow gain feedforward controller
Primary air flow yield value is exported, the sum of primary air flow and primary air flow yield value are exactly total primary air flow, total primary air flow and two
Secondary air quantity is added, and finally obtains total burning air quantity, and total burning air quantity and burning air measuring value are all admitted to air-supply machine controller,
When always burning air quantity is greater than burning air measuring value, the revolving speed of pressure fan is improved, increases burning air quantity.Conversely, ought always burn
When air quantity is less than burning air measuring value, the revolving speed of pressure fan is reduced, reduces burning air quantity, total air quantity that burns is equal to burning air quantity
The revolving speed of measured value, blower remains unchanged.
Pressure fan constantly controls the burning air quantity into boiler by adjusting revolving speed, when using variety classes, calorific value, water
Point biomass fuel when, boiler combustion Boiler pressure control still be able to accurately with fuel needed for boiler load, fuel quantity
Air quantity is sent into boiler, and according to burning in boiler to the different demands of a secondary air flow, by required primary air flow from fire grate
Boiler is sent into bottom, and required secondary air flow is sent into burner hearth from lower furnace portion, keeps the flameholding in burner hearth, makes the combustion of boiler
Burning air measuring value is consistent with the burning air quantity setting value of boiler, while also oxygen amount is stablized in the flue gas of holding boiler, finally reaches
To the purpose for adjusting boiler oil air quantity.
Boiler combustion air quantity control method of the invention can adapt to the biology of variety classes, calorific value, moisture difference automatically
Matter fuel will not cause the fluctuation of oxygen amount in the fluctuation burnt in boiler and flue gas because entering the variation of fuel of boiler.This
Invention realizes the automatic control mode of biomass boiler burning air quantity, passes through tune instead of operations staff's hand-guided mode
The revolving speed of pressure fan is saved, control enters the burning air quantity of boiler, meets the air quantity demand burnt in boiler, makes the combustion into burner hearth
Material can full combustion, after-flame, the oxygen amount in flue gas keeps stablizing.Meanwhile boiler combustion air quantity control method of the invention is also
Fast velocity modulation can be carried out to primary air flow corresponding to boiler load deviation and total burning air quantity when boiler load changes
It is whole, make the variation of fuel air quantity can be synchronous with the variation of fuel quantity, meets boiler load to burning air quantity demand.Finally, this
The boiler combustion air quantity control method of invention further includes the distribution of air quantity of burning, i.e., the primary air flow entered under fire grate and from furnace
The ratio for the secondary air flow that thorax enters meets demand of the burner hearth fuel combustion to different air quantity under different load.
Finally it should be noted that above embodiments are only to describe technical solution of the present invention rather than to this technology method
It is limited, the present invention can above extend to other modifications, variation, application and embodiment, and therefore, it is considered that institute in application
There are such modification, variation, application, embodiment all within the scope of spirit or teaching of the invention.
Claims (14)
1. a kind of burning air quantity control system of biomass boiler, including burning Wind Coverage Calculation module, burning allocation of the amount of air module,
The burning Wind Coverage Calculation module calculates burning airflow value, and sends the burning allocation of the amount of air mould for the burning airflow value
Block；The burning allocation of the amount of air module receives the burning airflow value, calculates and export primary air flow and secondary air flow to control
The aperture of main air intake and secondary air register.
2. burning air quantity control system according to claim 1, wherein the system also includes air-supply machine controller and set
Set the flow transmitter in the total air duct of boiler, the air blowing control device is PID controller, for receive the primary air flow and
The burning air measuring value that the sum of secondary air flow and the flow transmitter are sent, export blow regulation coefficient to pressure fan with
Control air output.
3. burning air quantity control system according to claim 2, wherein the system also includes primary air flow gain feedforwards
Controller and the boiler load measuring device being arranged in boiler, the primary air flow gain feedforward controller are PD control device,
The boiler load measured value and boiler load setting value that the boiler load measuring device is sent are received, exports feedforward value to adjust
The primary air flow.
4. burning air quantity control system according to claim 1, wherein the burning Wind Coverage Calculation module receives oxygen amount number
Value, and calculate burning air quantity, calculation formula are as follows:
Wherein,Indicate burning air quantity, KairIndicate that the boiler combustion air quantity under mono- timing of x, different boiler loads, x indicate
Oxygen amount, I are oxygen amount coefficient.
5. burning air quantity control system according to claim 4, wherein the system also includes burning air quantity to correct mould
Block, the burning air quantity correction module calculate burning air quantity difference correction factor, the meter of the burning air quantity difference correction factor
Calculation method is as follows:
X is correction factor；
For boiler load average design value in the t time
Average value is measured for boiler load in the t time
For Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas average design value in the t time
For Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas average measurement value in the t time
T is that sampling calculates the time cycle, and C is boiler constant,
And burning air quantity difference correction value is calculated according to correction function, and sends the burning wind for the drift correction value
Computing module is measured, after the burning Wind Coverage Calculation module receives the drift correction value, the adjustment burning air quantity simultaneously will be described
Burning air quantity is sent to the burning allocation of the amount of air module.
6. burning air quantity control system according to claim 5, wherein the t is the fire grate vibration period.
7. burning air quantity control system according to claim 1, wherein the burning allocation of the amount of air module will be for that will burn
The burning allocation of the amount of air of Wind Coverage Calculation module output is First air and Secondary Air.
8. a kind of burning air quantity control method of biomass boiler, comprising the following steps:
Step 1,；Oxygen amount is set, burning air quantity is calculated；
Step 2,；Burning air quantity is divided into primary air flow and secondary air flow, controls the aperture of main air intake and secondary air register respectively；
The burning air quantity that the flow transmitter for measuring burning air quantity in the total air duct of boiler is sent is arranged in step 3, reception
Measured value, the sum of the burning air measuring value and the primary air flow and secondary air flow control pressure fan air supply velocity.
9. burning air quantity control method according to claim 8, wherein the step 1 calculates the formula of burning air quantity are as follows:
Wherein,Indicate burning air quantity, KairIndicate that the boiler combustion air quantity under mono- timing of x, different boiler loads, x indicate
Oxygen amount, I are oxygen amount coefficient.
10. burning air quantity control method according to claim 9, wherein further comprise the steps of: and carried out to the burning air quantity
Amendment.
11. burning air quantity control method according to claim 10, wherein to the burning air quantity be modified including with
Lower step:
Step 11 calculates burning air quantity difference correction factor:
X is correction factor；
For boiler load average design value in the t time
Average value is measured for boiler load in the t time
For Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas average design value in the t time
For Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas average measurement value in the t time
T is that sampling calculates the time cycle, and C is boiler constant；
Step 12 calculates burning air quantity difference correction value by correction function；
Step 13 is added in the burning air quantity with the burning air quantity difference correction value, to correct the burning air quantity.
12. burning air quantity control method according to claim 8, wherein the step 2 further includes to the primary air flow
Carry out feedforward amendment.
13. burning air quantity control method according to claim 12, wherein carry out the feedforward by PID controller and repair
Just, the PID controller receives boiler load measured value and boiler load setting value, output feedforward correction value.
14. burning air quantity control method according to claim 8, wherein in the step 3, received by PID controller
Be arranged in burning air measuring value and the primary air flow that flow transmitter in the total air duct of boiler is sent and secondary air flow it
With, export air-supply regulation coefficient to pressure fan.
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| CN201810794927.5A CN109084324B (en) | 2018-07-19 | 2018-07-19 | The burning air quantity control system and control method of biomass boiler |
| PCT/CN2019/096472 WO2020015694A1 (en) | 2018-07-19 | 2019-07-18 | Combustion air volume control system and method for biomass boiler |
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| CN201810794927.5A CN109084324B (en) | 2018-07-19 | 2018-07-19 | The burning air quantity control system and control method of biomass boiler |
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| CN109084324B (en) | 2019-09-27 |
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