JP4243651B1 - Magnetic flux shunt control rotating electrical machine system - Google Patents

Abstract

【Task】
In a magnet-excited rotating electrical machine, an energy efficient magnetic flux shunt control rotating electrical machine system is provided.
[Solution]
A field magnet that can be biased is disposed between adjacent magnetic salient pole extensions, and the magnetic flux from the field magnet is divided into a main magnetic path that passes through the armature and a bypass magnetic path that does not pass through the armature. The amount of magnetic flux in the magnetic path is changed according to the deviation. Set the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and bypass magnetic path to the same minimum magnetic force condition to suppress the magnetic force that prevents the above-mentioned deviation, or to control the amount of magnetic flux using the magnetic force that appears outside the minimum magnetic force condition A new rotating electrical machine system and magnetic flux control method are proposed.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine having a permanent magnet field, and more particularly to a rotating electrical machine system that optimally controls output by field-weakening control.

  The permanent magnet field and the armature are caused by the interaction between the permanent magnet field and the magnetic field generated by the generator or the armature that extracts the electromagnetically generated power by the relative rotation of the permanent magnet field and the armature. Rotating electrical machines such as motors that generate relative rotation are excellent in energy efficiency and are widely used on a daily basis with the technical progress of permanent magnets. However, since such a rotating electrical machine has a constant magnetic flux from the field, even if it is used as an electric motor or a generator, an optimum output is not always obtained in a wide rotational speed range. In other words, in the case of an electric motor, the back electromotive force (generated voltage) is too high in the high-speed rotation range, making control difficult, and various means for weakening field strength have been proposed as field weakening control. In the case of a generator, constant voltage power generation based on field current control or a constant voltage generation circuit using a semiconductor is used exclusively to bring the generated voltage to a predetermined level in a wide rotational speed range.

  In electric motors, field-weakening control based on lead phase current is widely adopted, but energy loss is increased because a current that does not directly contribute to rotation flows. When the control current excitation is used in combination with the permanent magnet excitation, the structure of the rotating electrical machine is complicated, and energy loss is additionally caused. Furthermore, in the case of generators, there is a problem that the cost burden of constant voltage electronic circuits with large power is large. Therefore, measures for reducing the cost of the entire apparatus by devising the configuration of the rotating electrical machine and minimizing the electronic circuit control have been sought before, and various proposals have been made.

In the above proposed example, there is a method of effectively controlling the field strength by dividing the field rotator in half and relatively biasing the two field rotators in the circumferential direction (Patent Document 1). Although the relative bias can be mechanically maintained, there is an advantage that the energy loss for control is small, but the absolute value of the field strength flowing into the armature does not change, so there is a disadvantage that the eddy current loss is large in the high-speed rotation range. . Another proposed example is an apparatus that controls magnetic flux by changing the magnetic resistance of a magnetic circuit including a field magnet (Patent Documents 2 and 3). As another proposed example, there is a device that controls the short-circuit of a field magnet (Patent Documents 4, 5, and 6). In general, when a movable part exists in a magnetic circuit including a magnet, there is a magnetic force that tends to bias the movable part in a direction in which the magnetic flux flowing through the magnetic circuit is increased (a direction in which the magnetic resistance is reduced). A field magnet is a source for generating force or power in a rotating electrical machine. In the proposed example of the rotating electrical machine device that controls the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit by mechanical bias or short-circuits the field magnet, the magnetic force is proportional to the output of the rotating electrical machine and requires a large force for bias control and the member This causes vibration or hunting of the machine and makes precise control difficult. Furthermore, it is difficult to realize because it requires a high-power actuator and a mechanism with excessive mechanical strength.
US Patent 3713015 "ALTERNATING CURRENT GENERATOR HAVING A TWIN PM ROTOR WHICH IS ADJUSTABLE IN RESPONSE TO OUTPUT VOLTAGE" Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-320864 “Synchronous Rotating Electric Machine and Control Method Therefor” JP 2004-328944 "Flux control generator" US Pat. No. 4,885,493 “Output voltage control apparatus of a permanent magnet alternator” Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-357357 “Permanent Magnet Type Motor and Washing Machine” JP 2006-246661 “Permanent Magnet Rotating Machine”

  Therefore, the problems to be solved by the present invention are as follows: (1) There is less concern about demagnetizing the field magnet, and (2) the amount of magnetic flux in consideration of conditions such as minimizing the force required for controlling the amount of magnetic flux. To provide a rotating electrical machine system and a magnetic flux amount control method capable of controlling the output optimally with easy control.

  The rotating electrical machine system and the magnetic flux amount control method according to the present invention can change the amount of magnetic flux flowing into the armature side by mechanical deviation. The specific contents are as follows.

  According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotating electrical machine system comprising: an armature having an armature coil; and a plurality of magnetic salient poles that are relatively rotatable facing the armature and arranged in the circumferential direction facing the armature. A rotating electric machine having a field part having a surface magnetic pole part and an excitation part, wherein the surface magnetic pole part has a plurality of magnetic salient poles in a circumferential direction on a surface facing the armature. The magnetic salient pole extension and the bypass magnetic pole are arranged on the side not facing the armature, and the exciting part is between the adjacent magnetic salient pole extensions and adjacent bypass magnetic poles with the field magnet having circumferential magnetization. Adjacent field magnets are arranged between each other and their circumferential magnetizations are reversed to magnetize adjacent magnetic salient poles to different polarities. Magnetic flux flowing into the magnetic salient pole extension is Flow to the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic pole that circulates through the magnetic pole A bypass magnetic path in which the magnetic flux circulates mainly in the field part via the adjacent bypass magnetic pole is connected in parallel, and either the surface magnetic pole part or the excitation part serves as a movable magnetic pole part, and the field magnet is a magnetic salient pole extension The movable magnetic pole portion is configured to be able to be biased relative to the remainder so that the respective opposed areas can be changed while the sum of the area facing the bypass magnetic pole and the area facing the bypass magnetic pole is kept constant. The movable magnetic pole portion is biased according to the output so that the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is controlled so as to be optimized.

  In the above configuration, the magnetic salient pole extension and the bypass magnetic pole face the field magnet through a minute gap, and the magnetic flux is substantially perpendicular to the boundary surface between the field magnet and the magnetic body. The magnetic flux from the magnetic flux flows into the magnetic salient pole extension and bypass magnetic pole in an almost laminar manner, and the amount of magnetic flux shunted to the magnetic salient pole extension is proportional to the opposing area of the magnetic salient pole extension and the field magnet To do. If the minute gap is made as small as possible and the gap between the magnetic salient pole extension and the bypass magnetic pole is set to be small on the surface facing the field magnet, the magnetic flux distribution becomes more completely laminar. , Precise control of the amount of magnetic flux becomes possible. In addition, since the fluctuation of the magnetic resistance connected to the field magnet is reduced by the connection of the bypass magnetic path, the magnetic force that prevents the displacement of the movable magnetic pole portion is suppressed, and the field magnet can be changed even if the amount of magnetic flux flowing into the main magnetic path is changed. Since a bypass magnetic path is connected to, the risk of demagnetizing the field magnet is avoided.

  Various means can be applied to the biasing means of the movable magnetic pole portion. For example, there are a mechanism means that is manually set in advance as a semi-fixed mechanism, a governor mechanism that utilizes centrifugal force, a mechanism means that has an actuator in the rotor, a mechanism means that is biased by an external force from outside the rotor, and the like.

  The rotating electric machine has a structure in which the field part rotates and the armature stops and vice versa, and a cylindrical armature and the field part face each other with a gap in the radial direction, or a substantially disk-like structure. There are any structures such as a structure in which the armature and the field part face each other in the axial direction with a gap. The present invention is also applicable to a rotating electrical machine system having any of the above structures having a field portion for exciting a permanent magnet. A rotating electric machine is an electric motor if a current to the armature coil is input and a rotational force is output, and a rotating electric machine is a generator if a current is output from the armature coil using the rotational force as an input. There is an optimum magnetic pole configuration in the electric motor or the generator, but it is reversible, and the rotating electrical machine system described above is applied to both the electric motor and the generator.

  The invention of claim 2 is characterized in that, in the rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, the minimum magnetic force condition is set such that the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path are substantially equal to each other. To do. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path varies depending on the relative position between the magnetic salient pole and the magnetic tooth, but in the present invention, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is averaged for each relative position between the magnetic salient pole and the magnetic tooth. Value. The bypass magnetic path has a magnetoresistive adjustment portion constituted by a magnetic gap or a narrow portion, and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path is set. By setting the magnetic resistances of both magnetic paths equal, the magnetic resistance of the magnetic path connected to the field magnet is kept constant, so that the magnetic force that prevents the displacement of the movable magnetic pole portion is minimized. The meaning of “substantially equal” is to set the reluctance of both magnetic paths to the minimum magnetic force condition so as to suppress the magnetic force that prevents the deviation below the output of the actuator used for the deviation.

  By setting the magnetic resistance of both magnetic paths to the minimum magnetic force condition, the magnetic flux leakage between the two magnetic paths can be suppressed to a small value, and the magnetic force that prevents the deviation can be suppressed to a small value. There are many factors to fluctuate. In other words, when the part size varies within the set tolerance at the mass production stage, the magnetic resistance of each magnetic path is fluctuated. However, since the magnetic permeability of the magnetic material is susceptible to temperature, the magnetic resistance of each magnetic path changes. Furthermore, when a current flows through the armature coil, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path effectively varies. Since the magnetic resistance of each magnetic path thus varies, the magnetic resistance of both magnetic paths is set to the minimum magnetic force condition in accordance with the specifications of the rotating electrical machine system in the stationary state of the rotor or the average operating condition.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, the magnetic path from the field magnet to the magnetic salient pole has a larger eddy current loss than the magnetic salient pole so that the AC magnetic flux does not easily pass. It is characterized by being composed of materials. Although the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is effectively changed by the current flowing through the armature coil, the force required for biasing the movable magnetic pole can be reduced, but it responds to the current that changes depending on the position of the magnetic salient pole and magnetic tooth. Magnetic resistance fluctuation in a high frequency band is undesirable because it induces vibration of the movable magnetic pole or pulsating magnetic flux leakage between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path. Therefore, the latter AC magnetic flux in the high frequency band is smoothed so that it is difficult to pass. The magnetic permeability of the magnetic salient pole extension is set so that the magnetic resistance of the magnetic path from the field magnet to the magnetic salient pole has a frequency characteristic, and the change in the magnetic resistance of the low frequency band necessary for biasing the movable magnetic pole can be allowed. , Set the conductivity and dimensions.

  The invention of claim 4 is one of the specific configurations related to the magnetic flux amount control of the surface magnetic pole part and the excitation part. In the rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, the bypass magnetic pole is a magnetic salient pole. It is arranged in the extending direction, and it is characterized in that it can be displaced in a plane perpendicular to the circumferential direction with the exciting part as a movable magnetic pole part. The field magnet deviates in the plane orthogonal to the circumferential direction while facing each of the magnetic salient pole extensions adjacent in the circumferential direction and each of the bypass magnetic poles adjacent in the circumferential direction. Various methods, such as a rotational bias and a parallel bias, can be used for the biasing method within the plane. The arrangement and shape of the bypass magnetic pole and the magnetic salient pole extension are changed while the sum of the area where the field magnet faces the magnetic salient pole extension and the area facing the bypass magnetic pole is kept constant. Set to be able to do things.

  The invention of claim 5 is one of specific configurations related to the magnetic flux amount control of the surface magnetic pole part and the excitation part. In the rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, the field part and the armature include Opposite to the radial direction, the magnetic salient pole extension has a periodic cut part in the axial direction, a bypass magnetic pole is arranged in the cut part, and a field magnet with circumferential magnetization in the excitation part and non-magnetic The body is periodically and alternately arranged in the axial direction, and the exciter is configured as a movable magnetic pole so that it can be biased in the axial direction. In a rotating electrical machine in which the field portion and the armature are opposed in the radial direction, magnetic salient pole extensions and bypass magnetic poles are alternately arranged in the axial direction, and the field magnet and the armature are adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction. The amount of magnetic flux flowing into the magnetic material teeth is controlled by alternately arranging the non-magnetic materials and biasing the field magnet and the non-magnetic material in the axial direction. Since the excitation part including the field magnet is biased in the axial direction, the bias control means can be configured simply.

  A sixth aspect of the present invention is the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, further comprising a magnetic resistance adjusting means for adjusting a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path, and a force necessary for biasing the movable magnetic pole portion. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path is adjusted so as to reduce. The present invention has a magnetic resistance adjusting means to adjust the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path after manufacturing or during operation of the rotating electric machine so as to reduce the force required for the deviation during the deviation control of the movable magnetic pole portion. Enables precise magnetic flux control. The method for reducing the force required for the deviation when the movable magnetic pole is controlled by the magnetic resistance adjusting means is to adjust the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path to the minimum magnetic force condition, The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path may be adjusted by shifting from the minimum magnetic force condition so as to generate a magnetic force in the direction of assisting the bias. The magnetic resistance adjusting means and method are specifically proposed by changing the dimensions of the magnetic path and controlling the energization of the coil wound around the magnetic path. There is also a method of controlling the magnetic properties of the magnetic material by utilizing temperature or magnetic saturation.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the sixth aspect, the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path are reduced by the magnetic resistance adjusting means when the movable magnetic pole portion is biased. It is characterized by being adjusted so as to be almost equal to the conditions. If the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path and the main magnetic path is adjusted to the minimum magnetic force condition when the movable magnetic pole portion is biased, the magnetic force that prevents the bias can be minimized. The magnetic force that prevents the bias is suppressed below the output of the actuator used for the bias, and the magnetic flux amount can be precisely controlled even when the magnetic resistance of each magnetic path varies from the initial value depending on the operating conditions of the rotating electrical machine.

  According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the sixth aspect, when the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is smaller than the minimum magnetic force condition or the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path. Is adjusted by the magnetic resistance adjusting means, and when the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is reduced, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is made large or the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path is made small by the magnetic resistance adjusting means from the minimum magnetic force condition. It is adjusted and the movable magnetic pole part is biased at the same time. The direction of the magnetic force that appears according to the magnetic resistance difference of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path changes with the minimum magnetic force condition as a boundary. By generating a magnetic force by shifting a related parameter by a predetermined amount based on the minimum magnetic force condition, a magnetic force that assists in the bias can be stably obtained. The minimum magnetic force condition varies depending on the operating state of the rotating electrical machine, and is acquired by learning during operation or from preset map data.

  The ninth aspect of the present invention is the rotating electrical machine system according to the sixth aspect, further comprising magnetic force detection means applied to the movable magnetic pole portion when the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path deviates from the minimum magnetic force condition. The parameter relating to the magnetic resistance adjusting means changed intermittently or the relation between the parameter changing during normal operation and the magnetic force is monitored, and the parameter for reducing the magnetic force is set to the minimum magnetic force. It is set as a condition parameter. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is affected by the deviation position of the movable magnetic pole, and is also affected by changes in the magnetic characteristics due to temperature and changes over time. The present invention has means for detecting magnetic force that appears when the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and bypass magnetic path deviates from the minimum magnetic force condition. Update.

  According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the sixth aspect, the magnetoresistive adjusting means is composed of a gap length adjusting means for adjusting a gap length in a gap arranged in the bypass magnetic path, and is movable. The magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path is adjusted so as to reduce the force required for biasing the magnetic pole portion. The gap length adjusting means is configured to change the gap length by changing the position of the member constituting the gap provided in the bypass magnetic path. Adjustment after the assembly of the rotating electrical machine or adjustment control during operation using an actuator. Since it does not include the acceleration or deceleration operation of the rotor, continuous field control is possible.

  According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the sixth aspect, the magnetic resistance adjusting means supplies a predetermined current in the direction of accelerating or decelerating the rotor to the armature coil to It is composed of means for adjusting the magnetic resistance, and when the movable magnetic pole part is biased, a predetermined current is supplied to the armature coil so as to reduce the force necessary for biasing the movable magnetic pole part, thereby effectively The magnetic resistance of the road is adjusted. When the rotor is driven to accelerate or decelerate, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is effectively reduced and increased, respectively. A drive circuit is connected to the armature coil during deflection control of the movable magnetic pole portion, and a current for driving the rotor in the acceleration or deceleration direction is supplied to the armature coil to effectively adjust the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path.

  According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the sixth aspect, the magnetic resistance adjusting means is a predetermined constant current load, and the constant current load is connected to the armature coil when the movable magnetic pole portion is biased. In addition, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is effectively adjusted by passing a current predetermined by the induced voltage so as to reduce the force required for the bias of the movable magnetic pole portion. When the rotating electrical machine is a generator, the armature coil is induced with a voltage in a direction that hinders the change of interlinkage magnetic flux, a current corresponding to the load impedance flows, and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is effectively large. Become. The armature coil is connected to a predetermined constant-current load that controls the main magnetic path to be smaller than the minimum magnetic force condition and controls the induced current to flow by the induced voltage during bias control of the movable magnetic pole. Is adjusted so that the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is effectively larger than the value at rest. There are various methods for realizing a constant current load, and a constant current circuit for controlling a predetermined current to flow through the armature coil by an induced voltage to the armature coil, or a predetermined impedance determined for each rotation speed. There are loads.

  According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, the magnetic pole portion further includes a bias restricting means, and the field magnet faces the magnetic salient pole extension and the bypass magnetic pole portion. The relative deviation amount of the movable magnetic pole portion is regulated within a range in which the respective areas change while the sum of the areas to be maintained is constant. As a result, the relative deviation amount of the movable magnetic pole portion is proportional to the amount of magnetic flux shunted to the main magnetic path, and the field control can be simplified.

  A fourteenth aspect of the present invention is the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, further comprising means for holding the bias position of the movable magnetic pole portion, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is controlled intermittently. And The bias control means of the movable magnetic pole is configured to hold the bias position of the movable magnetic pole while the power is off and energy is not consumed. By controlling the bias of the movable magnetic pole only when the amount of magnetic flux is changed, energy consumption is reduced. Realize a highly energy efficient rotating electrical machine system.

  The invention of claim 15 is one of the structures of the surface magnetic pole part. In the rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, the surface of the surface magnetic pole part that faces the armature faces the armature. The magnetic salient poles and the magnetic gaps are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. It has a simple magnetic salient pole configuration and can increase the range of magnetic flux control at the excitation part.

  According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a configuration of the surface magnetic pole portion. In the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, the surface of the surface magnetic pole portion facing the armature has a magnetic salient pole. And permanent magnets with substantially circumferential magnetization are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and adjacent permanent magnets are arranged with their magnetizations reversed so as to magnetize adjacent magnetic salient poles in opposite directions. The permanent magnet and the magnetic salient pole are magnetized so as to have the same polarity. A magnetic flux barrier can be configured with permanent magnets, and is suitable for motors that use magnet torque and reluctance torque.

  The invention according to claim 17 is one of the configurations of the surface magnetic pole portion, and in the rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, the collective permanent magnet has the same substantially circumferential magnetization on both sides of the intermediate magnetic salient pole. Equivalent permanent magnets with permanent magnet plates with magnetic poles, and magnetic salient poles and collective permanent magnets are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction on the surface of the surface magnetic pole part facing the armature. Adjacent collective permanent magnets are arranged so that their magnetizations are reversed so that the poles are magnetized in opposite directions, and the magnetized magnet and the collective permanent magnet are arranged so that the polarities of magnetizing the magnetic salient poles are the same. It is characterized by. Adjacent magnetic salient poles are magnetized differently from each other in a structure having an equivalent permanent magnet having circumferential magnetization in the middle of the magnetic salient poles. The field magnets are arranged so that the assembly permanent magnet and the field magnet magnetize the magnetic salient pole with the same polarity. The magnetic flux flowing on the armature side is controlled by adding the field magnetic flux by the field magnet to the field magnetic flux by the collective permanent magnet.

  The invention of claim 18 is the rotating electrical machine system according to any one of claims 1 to 17, further comprising a control device, wherein the rotating power is input and the generated power is output. When the generated voltage induced in the armature coil by the control device is larger than a predetermined value, the movable magnetic pole portion is biased to reduce the area where the field magnet and the magnetic salient pole extension face each other. When the generated voltage is smaller than a predetermined value, the movable magnetic pole portion is biased to increase the area where the field magnet and the magnetic salient pole extension face each other, and the generated voltage is controlled to a predetermined value. Features. A constant generation voltage can be obtained over a wide range of rotation speeds, and an expensive voltage control device is not required, improving energy efficiency.

  The nineteenth aspect of the present invention is the rotating electrical machine system according to any one of the first to seventeenth aspects, further comprising a control device, wherein the supply current to the armature coil is input and the rotational force is output. In a rotating electrical machine system, when the rotational speed is greater than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is reduced by the control device, the movable magnetic pole portion is biased so that the field magnet and the magnetic salient pole extension portion face each other. When the area is small and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased when the rotational speed is smaller than a predetermined value, the movable magnetic pole part is biased so that the area where the field magnet and the magnetic salient pole extension face each other is large. It is characterized in that the rotational force is optimally controlled. The output of the motor system is optimally controlled over a wide rotational speed range.

A twentieth aspect of the present invention is the rotating electrical machine system according to any one of the first to seventeenth aspects, further comprising a control device, wherein the supply current to the armature coil is input and the rotational force is output. In a rotating electrical machine system, when the rotational speed is decreased, the movable magnetic pole portion is biased so that the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased by the control device, and the field magnet and the magnetic salient pole extension portion face each other. It is characterized in that the rotating area is made large and rotational energy is taken out as generated power. Regenerative braking capability can be improved to improve overall energy efficiency.
According to a twenty-first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a field portion having an armature having an armature coil and a plurality of magnetic salient poles which are relatively rotatable facing the armature and arranged in the circumferential direction facing the armature. The field part has a surface magnetic pole part and an excitation part, and the surface magnetic pole part has a plurality of magnetic salient poles in the circumferential direction on the surface facing the armature and on the side not facing the armature. It has a magnetic salient pole extension part and a bypass magnetic pole, and the excitation part flows through the armature of a rotating electric machine configured to have field magnets arranged to magnetize adjacent magnetic salient poles in opposite polarities. A magnetic flux amount control method for controlling a magnetic flux amount, wherein an exciting part is configured by arranging a field magnet having circumferential magnetization between magnetic salient pole extensions adjacent in the circumferential direction and between bypass magnetic poles adjacent in the circumferential direction . Magnetic flux that flows from one magnetic pole of the field magnet into the magnetic salient pole extension is The main magnetic path that circulates to the other magnetic pole via the salient pole and the magnetic flux that flows into the bypass magnetic pole from one magnetic pole of the field magnet mainly circulates to the other magnetic pole via the adjacent bypass magnetic pole in the field part. The path is connected in parallel to the field magnet, and either the surface magnetic pole part or the excitation part is used as the movable magnetic pole part, and the sum of the area where the field magnet faces the magnetic salient pole extension and the area where the bypass magnetic pole faces is constant. The movable magnetic pole portion is configured to be able to be biased relative to the rest so as to change the respective areas while maintaining the same, and the movable magnetic pole portion is biased to control the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature.

  A magnetic flux amount control method in a magnet-excited rotating electrical machine system, wherein a field magnet that excites a magnetic salient pole passes through a magnetic salient pole and an armature side, and a bypass magnetic path that does not pass through the armature side Are connected in parallel, and the magnetic salient pole extension connected to the main magnetic path and the opposing area of the bypass magnetic pole connected to the bypass magnetic path and the magnetic pole of the field magnet are changed by the mechanism deviation, That is, the amount of magnetic flux flowing on the armature side is controlled. Since the magnetic salient pole extension and the bypass magnetic pole face the field magnet, the magnetic flux from the field magnet flows into the magnetic salient pole extension and the bypass magnetic pole in a laminar flow, and enters the magnetic salient pole extension. The amount of magnetic flux to be shunted is substantially proportional to the facing area of the magnetic salient pole extension and the field magnet. By connecting the bypass magnetic path, the fluctuation of the magnetic resistance connected to the field magnet is reduced, so that the magnetic force that prevents the displacement of the movable magnetic pole is suppressed, and even if the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the main magnetic path is changed, the field magnet is always Since the magnetic path is connected, there is little concern that the field magnet will be demagnetized.

  According to a twenty-second aspect of the present invention, the magnetic flux amount control method according to the twenty-first aspect includes the following steps. The minimum magnetic force condition is set such that the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path are substantially equal to each other. By setting the magnetic resistances of both magnetic paths equal, the magnetic resistance of the magnetic path connected to the field magnet is kept constant, so that the magnetic force that prevents the displacement of the movable magnetic pole portion is minimized. The meaning of “substantially equal” is to set the reluctance of both magnetic paths to the minimum magnetic force condition so as to suppress the magnetic force that prevents the deviation below the output of the actuator used for the deviation. The magnetic resistance of each magnetic path varies depending on the operating conditions of the rotating electrical machine, and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path and the main magnetic path is set to the minimum magnetic force condition in a stationary state or an average operating condition according to the field control specifications. In a state where the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path are close to the minimum magnetic force condition, the magnetic flux short circuit between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path can be made small, and more precise magnetic flux shunt control can be realized.

  According to a twenty-third aspect of the present invention, the magnetic flux amount control method according to the twenty-first aspect includes the following steps. Further, the magnetic resistance adjusting means for adjusting the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path is provided, and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path is adjusted so as to reduce the force necessary for the deviation of the movable magnetic pole portion. The present invention makes it possible to adjust the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path after manufacturing or during operation of the rotating electric machine, and to control the amount of magnetic flux precisely by reducing the force required for the deviation during the deviation control of the movable magnetic pole portion. To do. The specific configuration of the magnetoresistive adjustment means includes control of changing the dimensions of the magnetic path, control of energization of the coil wound around the magnetic path, and control of the magnetic properties of the magnetic material using temperature, magnetic saturation, etc. There is. The method of reducing the force necessary for the bias when the bias control of the movable magnetic pole portion is controlled by the magnetoresistive adjustment means is to set the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path to the minimum magnetic force condition that minimizes the magnetic force that prevents the bias. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is adjusted from the minimum magnetic force condition so as to adjust or generate a magnetic force in the direction of assisting the deviation of the movable magnetic pole portion. The latter can further reduce the force required for biasing, but it is necessary to synchronize the switching of the driving direction of the bias control means and the adjustment direction switching of the magnetic resistance adjusting means, and the selection is made according to the specifications of the magnetic flux amount control method.

  According to a twenty-fourth aspect of the present invention, the magnetic flux amount control method according to the twenty-third aspect includes the following steps. When the movable magnetic pole portion is biased, the magnetic resistance adjusting means adjusts the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path to the minimum magnetic force condition. If the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path and the main magnetic path is adjusted to the minimum magnetic force condition when the movable magnetic pole portion is biased, the magnetic force that prevents the bias can be minimized. The magnetic force that prevents the bias is suppressed below the output of the actuator used for the bias, and the magnetic flux amount can be precisely controlled even when the magnetic resistance of each magnetic path varies from the initial value depending on the operating conditions of the rotating electrical machine.

  The invention of claim 25 includes the following steps in the magnetic flux amount control method of claim 23. When increasing the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature, the magnetic resistance adjusting means adjusts the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path to be smaller or the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path to be larger than the minimum magnetic force condition, thereby reducing the magnetic flux flowing through the armature. The magnetic resistance adjusting means adjusts the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path to be larger or the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path to be smaller than the minimum magnetic force condition, and simultaneously biases the movable magnetic pole portion. The direction of the magnetic force that appears according to the magnetic resistance difference of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path changes with the minimum magnetic force condition as a boundary. By generating a magnetic force by shifting a related parameter by a predetermined amount based on the minimum magnetic force condition, a magnetic force that assists in the bias can be stably obtained. The minimum magnetic force condition varies depending on the operating state of the rotating electrical machine, and is acquired by learning during operation or from preset map data.

  According to a twenty-sixth aspect of the present invention, the magnetic flux amount control method according to the twenty-third aspect includes the following steps. Further, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path has a detecting means for detecting the magnetic force applied to the movable magnetic pole part when the magnetic resistance deviates from the minimum magnetic force condition, and the parameter relating to the magnetic resistance adjusting means changed intermittently, or The relationship between the parameter that changes during normal operation and the magnetic force applied to the movable magnetic pole portion is monitored, and the parameter that reduces the magnetic force applied to the movable magnetic pole portion is set as the minimum magnetic force condition. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is affected by the deviation position of the movable magnetic pole, and is also affected by changes in the magnetic characteristics due to temperature and changes over time. The present invention has means for detecting a magnetic force that appears when the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path deviates from the minimum magnetic force condition, and learns parameters related to the magnetic resistance adjusting means to learn the minimum magnetic force condition. Update those data as.

  In a rotating electrical machine system with a permanent magnet excitation field part, the magnetic force that interferes with mechanical bias is suppressed by controlling the magnetic flux of the field magnet to be divided into the main magnetic path and bypass magnetic path by mechanical bias. Alternatively, the amount of magnetic flux can be controlled using magnetic force. In the magnetic flux shunt control rotary electric machine of the present invention, field weakening control becomes easy, and a rotary electric machine system that optimally controls the output with high energy efficiency can be realized.

  In the following, a rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, with regard to embodiments, principles and actions.

  A first embodiment of a rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The first embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system having a radial gap structure, and controls the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature by controlling the exciter in the axial direction. A predetermined current is supplied to the armature coil during the bias control of the excitation unit to drive the rotor in the acceleration or deceleration direction, thereby effectively making the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path equal to each other. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a rotating electric machine, FIGS. 2 and 3 are sectional views showing the structure of an armature and a rotor, FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the structure of the rotor, and FIG. 5 is a magnetic salient pole and bypass magnetic pole. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the biased excitation part and the magnetic salient pole, and FIG. 7 is a time for learning the magnetic resistance adjustment condition of the main magnetic path in a learning manner. FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a rotating electrical machine system that performs field weakening.

  FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotating electrical machine having a radial gap structure, and a rotating shaft 11 is rotatably supported by a housing 12 via a bearing 13. The armature includes a cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 fixed to the housing 12, magnetic teeth 14, and an armature coil 16. The rotor includes a field part 17 including a surface magnetic pole part and an excitation part, and a rotor support 1b. The excitation part 18 is configured to be biased in the axial direction as a movable magnetic pole part. The rotating shaft 11 is hollow, and a sliding rod 1h, a push rod 1e, an actuator 1f, a spring 19, and a slit 1c provided on the rotating shaft 11 are arranged in the hollow portion 1d. The exciter support 1a in contact with 1h constitutes a means for controlling the exciter 18 in the axial direction. Reference numeral 1j denotes a load cell, and reference numeral 1g denotes a cooling fan fixed to the rotor.

  2 and 3 are sectional views of the armature and the rotor along A-A 'in FIG. The excitation unit 18 has a configuration in which field magnets and non-magnetic materials are alternately arranged in the axial direction, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor at the axial position including the field magnet of the excitation unit 18. FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the armature and the rotor at the axial position where the field magnet of the excitation unit 18 is not included, and some of the components are numbered to explain the mutual relationship. Has been. The armature is wound around the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 fixed to the housing 12, a plurality of magnetic teeth 14 extending radially from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 and having a magnetic gap in the circumferential direction, and the magnetic teeth 14. Armature coil 16. In this embodiment, nine armature coils 16 are provided, which are connected in three phases.

  A saturable magnetic material coupling portion 28 that is short in the radial direction is provided between adjacent magnetic material teeth 14 at the tips of the magnetic teeth 14 of the armature. The magnetic teeth 14 and the saturable magnetic coupling portion 28 are formed by punching and stacking silicon steel plates with a mold, winding the armature coil 16, and then combining with the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 to form an armature. The saturable magnetic body coupling portion 28 is integrated with the magnetic body teeth 14 to improve the support strength of the magnetic body teeth 14 and suppress unnecessary vibration of the magnetic body teeth 14. Since the length of the saturable magnetic body coupling portion 28 in the radial direction is set to be short and easily magnetically saturated, it is easily saturated by the magnetic flux generated by the armature coil 16 or the magnetic flux from the field magnet. In this case, a short circuit between the magnetic flux generated by the armature coil 16 and the field magnetic flux is set to a small amount. When a current is supplied to the armature coil 16, the saturable magnetic coupling portion 28 is magnetically saturated with time, and magnetic flux leaks to the periphery, but the effective magnetic saturation saturation portion 28 appears in the magnetically saturated saturable magnetic coupling portion 28. Since the boundary of the magnetic gap is not clear, the distribution of the magnetic flux that leaks becomes gentle, and the saturable magnetic body coupling part 28 also contributes to vibration suppression by slowing the time change of the force applied to the magnetic body tooth 14 in this respect as well. .

  2 and 3, the rotor field portion 17 is divided into a surface magnetic pole portion and an excitation portion 18. The structure has alternating gaps in the circumferential direction, adjacent magnetic salient poles are represented by numerals 21 and 22, and the magnetic gaps are denoted by numeral 23. The magnetic salient poles 21 and 22 are formed by punching and laminating silicon steel plates with a predetermined die as a configuration in which the narrow saturable magnetic portions 26 are connected. The portion of the nonmagnetic material including the magnetic gap 23 is filled with a material, resin, resin or the like that is nonmagnetic and has a large specific resistance.

  The relationship and configuration between the surface magnetic pole part and the excitation part 18 will be further described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing a part of the excitation unit 18 so as to facilitate understanding of the three-dimensional configuration. 5A shows a cross section of the magnetic salient pole and bypass magnetic pole in the axial direction along BB 'in FIGS. 2 and 3, and FIG. 5B shows the cross section in FIGS. 5 shows a cross section of the exciting portion 18 in the axial direction along CC ′, and FIG. 5C is an axial magnetic salient pole along a part of the circumferential direction indicated by DD ′ in FIGS. 2 and 3. A cross-sectional view of the extension part, the bypass magnetic pole and the excitation part 18 is shown.

  As shown in FIG. 5A, the extension part of the magnetic salient pole 21 has a periodic cut part in the axial direction, and a bypass magnetic pole 31 is arranged in the cut part. An extension portion of the magnetic salient pole 22 adjacent in the circumferential direction has the same configuration, and a bypass magnetic pole 32 is arranged. As shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 5 (a), the bypass magnetic poles 31 and 32 are magnetically coupled to the cylindrical base magnetic pole 25 through a minute gap 33.

  As shown in FIGS. 5B and 4, the excitation unit 18 has field magnets 24 and non-magnetic bodies 27 alternately in the axial direction, and magnetic extension of the magnetic salient poles 21 adjacent in the circumferential direction and magnetic fields. It is arranged between the body salient pole 22 extensions and between the bypass magnetic pole 31 and the bypass magnetic pole 32, and is configured to be slidable in the axial direction.

  FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the adjacent magnetic salient pole 21 extension portion, magnetic salient pole 22 extension portion, adjacent bypass magnetic pole 31, bypass magnetic pole 32, and excitation portion 18. 24 shows a state in which both ends of 24 face the magnetic salient pole 21 extension and magnetic salient pole 22 extension adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction, and further face the adjacent bypass magnetic pole 31 and bypass magnetic pole 32. The arrow in the field magnet 24 indicates the magnetization direction.

  Magnetic flux flowing from one magnetic pole of the field magnet 24 into the extension of the magnetic salient pole 21 passes through the magnetic salient pole 21, the magnetic teeth 14, the magnetic salient pole 22, and the magnetic salient pole 22 extension. The main magnetic path circulating to the other magnetic pole of the magnet 24 and the magnetic flux flowing into the bypass magnetic pole 31 from one magnetic pole of the field magnet 24 to the other magnetic pole of the field magnet 24 via the base magnetic pole 25 and the bypass magnetic pole 32. The circulating bypass magnetic path is connected in parallel to the field magnet 24, and the field magnet 24, the magnetic salient pole 21 extension part, and the magnetic salient pole 22 extension part due to the axial deviation of the excitation part 18 are provided. The amount of magnetic flux shunted to the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path can be changed by changing the facing area. The magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path is such that the opposing area and length of the minute gap 33 between the bypass magnetic poles 31 and 32 and the cylindrical base magnetic pole 25 is a magnetic resistance adjustment part. Is set to be approximately equal. Since the number of field magnets included in series in the bypass magnetic path and the main magnetic path is equal, both magnetic resistances are set to be the same. This is the minimum magnetic force condition, and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path fluctuates depending on the relative position between the magnetic salient pole 21 and the magnetic teeth 14, so the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path is set to be approximately equal to the averaged magnetic resistance. ing.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the length 54 of the field magnet 24 is set equal to the distance 51 from the left end of the extension portion of the magnetic salient pole 21 to the left end of the bypass magnetic pole 31. The length 52 of the magnetic salient pole 21 extension and the length 53 of the bypass magnetic pole 31 are set to be equal. The field magnet 24 always faces the extension portion of the magnetic salient pole 21 and the bypass magnetic pole 31, and the length of the displacement is limited to be within the length 52 of the extension portion of the magnetic salient pole 21. Therefore, the sum of the areas where the field magnet 24 faces the extension of the magnetic salient pole 21 and the bypass magnetic pole 31 is always constant, and the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path are set equal (minimum magnetic force condition). Therefore, the total amount of magnetic flux from the field magnet 24 is always constant, and no magnetic force that hinders the axial deviation of the exciting portion is theoretically generated.

  FIG. 6 shows a case where the position of the excitation unit 18 is different corresponding to FIG. FIG. 6A shows a state in which the field magnet 24 is opposed to the extension part of the magnetic salient pole 21 and the extension part of the magnetic salient pole 22 with the maximum area and supplies most of the magnetic flux to the main magnetic path. ing. FIG. 6B shows a state in which the field magnet 24 faces the bypass magnetic poles 31 and 32 with a maximum area and supplies most of the magnetic flux to the bypass magnetic path. In the intermediate state shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the field magnet 24 faces both the extension of the magnetic salient pole 21 and the bypass magnetic pole 31, and the field magnetic flux from the field magnet 24 is magnetic. It flows into the main magnetic path in proportion to the area facing the body salient pole 21 extension, and the amount of magnetic flux in the main magnetic path is controlled.

  In the above configuration, the magnetic salient pole extension and the bypass magnetic pole face the field magnet through a minute gap, and the magnetic flux is substantially perpendicular to the boundary surface between the field magnet and the magnetic body. The magnetic flux from the magnetic flux flows into the magnetic salient pole extension and bypass magnetic pole in an almost laminar manner, and the amount of magnetic flux shunted to the magnetic salient pole extension is proportional to the opposing area of the magnetic salient pole extension and the field magnet To do. In order to maintain a laminar magnetic flux distribution, it is desirable to slide the minute gap as small as possible, and on the surface facing the field magnet, the gap between the magnetic salient pole extension and the bypass pole However, it is desirable that the distance between the opposing surfaces is set to be small and the gap is increased to reduce the short circuit of the divided magnetic flux.

  As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the length of the magnetic salient pole 21 extension and the bypass magnetic pole 31 are set to be equal, and the length of the field magnet 24 is set to the length of the magnetic salient pole 21 extension. The length and the extension of the magnetic salient pole 21 are set to be equal to the sum of the gap lengths between the bypass magnetic poles 31, and the amount of deviation of the main excitation portion 18 is equal to or less than the length of the extension of the magnetic salient pole 21.

  Generally, when there is a movable part in a part of the magnetic circuit including the magnet, the magnet that moves the movable part in the direction to increase the amount of magnetic flux (which means the same as the direction to decrease the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit). Power appears. Prior to the present invention, for the purpose of controlling the field magnetic flux, there are many proposals for biasing a part of the magnetic circuit to short-circuit the field magnet or change the magnetic resistance of the magnetic path. However, the field magnet is a source for generating magnet torque or electric power in the rotating electric machine, and the magnetic force that prevents the deviation is large, making it difficult to precisely control the amount of magnetic flux. With the configuration of the present invention described above, the magnetic force is suppressed to be small, and precise control of the amount of magnetic flux becomes possible.

  In the present embodiment, the field magnet is opposed to the magnetic salient pole extension and the bypass magnetic pole through a minute gap. It is difficult to make the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and bypass magnetic path exactly the same, and it is assumed that there is a difference between the two magnetic resistances. Then, the magnetic flux from the field magnet is shunted in the magnetic body according to the magnetic resistance of each magnetic path, and the magnetic flux flowing through the main magnetic path is in the opposite area between the field magnet and the magnetic salient pole extension. Since it is not proportional, it is difficult to control the amount of magnetic flux. When facing the magnetic salient pole extension and the bypass magnetic pole through the magnetic material from the field magnet due to structural constraints, the magnetic material is a highly anisotropic magnetic material or a thin magnetic material in the magnetic material. The magnetic flux is difficult to shunt. This configuration is included in the spirit of the present invention in that the magnetic flux is substantially divided at the end face of the field magnet.

  It has been described that the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature can be controlled by biasing the excitation unit 18 in the axial direction. Hereinafter, a means for biasing the excitation unit 18 in the axial direction will be described with reference to FIG. The three protrusions of the exciter support 1a are in contact with the sliding rod 1h through three slits 1c provided on the rotating shaft 11, and the sliding rod 1h can slide in the hollow portion of the rotating shaft 11 in the axial direction. And is in contact with the push rod 1e of the actuator 1f. The spring 19 is disposed between the rotor support 1b and the exciter support 1a to urge the exciter support 1a to the right, and the actuator 1f drives the push rod 1e to the left and right in the axial direction. Therefore, the excitation unit support 1a and the field magnet 24 are biased in the axial direction by the actuator 1f. The actuator 1f is composed of a step motor and a screw mechanism, and rotates the step motor to drive the push rod 1e to the left and right in the axial direction. When the step motor is not driven, the actuator 1f holds the axial position of the push rod 1e. Yes.

  If the excursion of the exciter 18 remains within the range shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the sum of the opposing areas of the field magnet 24, the magnetic salient pole 21 extension, and the bypass magnetic pole 31 is constant. These areas change according to the deviation, and the amount of magnetic flux shunted to the main magnetic path and the amount of deviation are almost proportional. Although the field control can be performed even if the deviation exceeds the above range, the relationship between the deviation and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the main magnetic path becomes indefinite and the amount of magnetic flux control becomes complicated. In this embodiment, the position of the slit 1c and the length in the axial direction are set so as to keep the amount of deviation within the above range, and the deviation regulating means is used.

  By setting the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and bypass magnetic path to the minimum magnetic force condition, the magnetic flux leakage between the two magnetic paths can be suppressed to a small level, and the magnetic force that prevents the deviation can be suppressed to a small level. There are many factors that cause the magnetoresistance to fluctuate. In other words, when the part size varies within the set tolerance at the mass production stage, the magnetic resistance of each magnetic path is fluctuated. However, since the magnetic permeability of the magnetic material is susceptible to temperature, the magnetic resistance of each magnetic path changes. Furthermore, when a current flows through the armature coil, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path effectively varies.

  In this embodiment, the amount of magnetic flux is intermittently controlled during the operation of the rotating electrical machine as follows. When supplying electric current in the direction of accelerating the rotor to the armature coil using the rotating electric machine as an electric motor, the field magnetic flux is drawn to increase the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature, and vice versa when the rotor is driven at a reduced speed. become. Therefore, when the rotor is driven to accelerate or decelerate, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path effectively becomes small and large, respectively. The current supplied to the armature coil is set to the minimum magnetic force current so that the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path are equal to each other, and the minimum magnetic force current is supplied to the armature coil during the displacement control of the movable magnetic pole portion. Is driven in the acceleration or deceleration direction to effectively equalize the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path and simultaneously drive the actuator. Furthermore, the minimum magnetic force current is adapted to the change in the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path due to various causes as a learning acquisition during operation of the rotating electrical machine.

  A configuration and procedure for acquiring the minimum magnetic force current in a learning manner will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1j denotes a load cell, which detects a force applied to the push rod 1e. If there is a difference in the magnetic resistance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path, the field magnet 24 will be biased in the direction of increasing the opposing area with the magnetic salient pole 21 extension or the bypass magnetic pole 31 as the magnetic pole on the side with a smaller magnetic resistance. Receive the magnetic force. Since the actuator 1f tries to maintain the axial position, the pressure in the sliding rod 1h and the push rod 1e changes, and the magnetic force can be detected by the load cell 1j.

  FIG. 7 is a time chart for intermittently controlling the amount of magnetic flux, and the horizontal axis 76 indicates time. Reference numeral 71 represents a learning section, and reference numeral 72 represents a magnetic flux amount control section. In other time periods, if the rotating electrical machine is an electric motor, rotation driving is performed, and if it is a generator, generated electric power is extracted. In the learning section 71, the condition of the current supplied to the armature coil 16 is changed to drive the rotor, and the output of the load cell 1j during that period is monitored. The current at which the output of the load cell 1j becomes small is the minimum magnetic force current that effectively makes the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path equal to each other, and this minimum magnetic force current is stored or reset in the control device.

  Reference numeral 72 denotes a section for controlling the amount of magnetic flux. The minimum magnetic force current obtained in the learning process is supplied to the armature coil 16, and at the same time, the actuator 1f is controlled to bias the exciter 18 in the axial direction. Since the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path are effectively made substantially equal, the above control by the actuator 1f is performed smoothly. In this case, since the rotor is driven for a short time, the rotational speed 73 changes. In the control section 72 for the amount of magnetic flux, the rotor is decelerated and a slight but decelerated state is shown in the rotation speed 73. Reference numeral 74 indicates the amount of magnetic flux. In the learning section 71, the actuator 1f holds the axial position, so that the magnetic flux amount 74 does not change, but in the magnetic flux amount control section 72, the magnetic flux amount 74 changes. .

  Reference numeral 75 indicates a generated voltage when the rotating electrical machine is a generator. In the learning section 71 and the magnetic flux amount control section 72, since the generated power cannot be taken out, the power generation voltage 75 is interrupted. In this embodiment, since the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path is set to be equal to the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path at rest, the minimum magnetic force current supplied to the armature coil 16 during the magnetic flux amount control is rotated. The degree to which the child is accelerated or decelerated can be kept small.

  In this embodiment, the learning interval 71 is set and the minimum magnetic force current is acquired. However, a learning method that does not set the learning interval 71 is also possible. For example, when the rotating electrical machine is an electric motor, the relationship between the current supplied to the armature to drive the rotor and the output of the load cell 1j is constantly monitored, and the current at which the output of the load cell 1j is the smallest is the minimum magnetic force. Let it be current.

  As described above, in the rotating electric machine shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, it has been shown that the excitation unit 18 can be controlled in the axial direction to control the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature. A rotating electrical machine system that optimally controls the output by controlling the amount of magnetic flux will be described below with reference to the block diagram of FIG. FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a rotating electrical machine system that performs magnetic flux amount control. In FIG. 8, it is assumed that the rotating electrical machine 81 has an input 82 and an output 83, and the control device 85 rotates via the control signal 86 with the output 83 of the rotating electrical machine 81 and the status signal 84 including the position of the excitation unit 18 as inputs. The amount of magnetic flux of the electric machine 81 is controlled. Reference numeral 87 denotes a drive circuit for the armature coil 16. If the rotating electrical machine 81 is used as a generator, the input 82 is a rotational force and the output 83 is generated power. If the rotating electric machine 81 is used as an electric motor, the input 82 is a driving current supplied from the driving circuit 87 to the armature coil 16, and the output 83 is a rotating torque and a rotating speed.

  An explanation will be given of an electric motor system that performs field-weakening control and optimally controls the rotational force when the rotary electric machine device is used as an electric motor. When the rotational speed, which is the output 83, is greater than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is reduced, the control device 85 causes the armature coil 16 to pass through the drive circuit 87 via the drive circuit 87 during the magnetic flux amount control section 72. A force current is supplied so that the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path are effectively made equal to each other, and the actuator 1f is driven by the control signal 86 to make the exciter 18 in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b). The area where the field magnet 24 and the magnetic salient pole 21 extension face each other is made small by biasing in the right direction. After the bias control, the actuator 1f is stopped and the axial position of the excitation unit 18 is held. When the rotational speed is smaller than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, the minimum magnetic force current is supplied to the armature coil 16 via the drive circuit 87 in the time period of the magnetic flux amount control section 72 and the main magnet. The magnetic resistances of the path and the bypass magnetic path are effectively made equal to each other, the actuator 1f is driven by the control signal 86, and the exciting portion 18 is biased leftward in FIGS. The area where the magnet 24 and the extension of the magnetic salient pole 21 face each other is increased. After the bias control, the actuator 1f is stopped and the axial position of the excitation unit 18 is held.

  A constant voltage generator system that performs field weakening control and controls the generated voltage to be a predetermined voltage when the rotating electrical machine apparatus is used as a generator will be described. When the power generation voltage, which is the output 83, is greater than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is reduced, the control device 85 causes the armature coil 16 to pass through the drive circuit 87 via the drive circuit 87 during the magnetic flux amount control section 72. A force current is supplied so that the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path are effectively made equal to each other, and the actuator 1f is driven by the control signal 86 to make the exciter 18 in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b). The area where the field magnet 24 and the magnetic salient pole 21 extension face each other is made small by biasing in the right direction. After the bias control, the actuator 1f is stopped and the axial position of the excitation unit 18 is held. When the generated voltage is smaller than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, the minimum magnetic force current is supplied to the armature coil 16 via the drive circuit 87 in the time period of the magnetic flux amount control section 72, and the main magnet. The magnetic resistances of the path and the bypass magnetic path are effectively made equal to each other, the actuator 1f is driven by the control signal 86, and the exciting portion 18 is biased leftward in FIGS. The area where the magnet 24 and the extension of the magnetic salient pole 21 face each other is increased. After the bias control, the actuator 1f is stopped and the axial position of the excitation unit 18 is held.

  The means for correcting the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path employed in the present embodiment is accompanied by acceleration or deceleration driving of the rotating electrical machine, so that it may affect the operation of the rotating electrical machine when the magnetic flux amount control continues for a long time. There is. However, since a change in rotational speed and a change control of the amount of magnetic flux are continuously performed in a normal operation state, there is no big problem. In addition, when the amount of magnetic flux is changed to a predetermined level or more, there is no big trouble by adopting a method of performing intermittently in multiple times.

  If the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path can be kept within the allowable range from the design value, the process of adjusting the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path during the operation adopted in this embodiment can be made unnecessary. Also, if the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path during operation does not deviate significantly from the initial state, only the initial adjustment setting after assembly of the rotating electrical machine is adopted, and the learning process adopted in this embodiment may be omitted. I can do it. Depending on the specifications or operating conditions of the rotating electrical machine system, the magnetoresistive correction method for the main magnetic path in this embodiment can be partially adopted to obtain an optimal rotating electrical machine system.

  A second embodiment of the rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The second embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system having a radial gap structure, and controls the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature by biasing the exciting portion in the radial direction. A constant current load is connected to the armature coil during bias control of the excitation unit, and a predetermined current is passed by the induced voltage to effectively adjust the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of the rotating electric machine, FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing the structure of the armature and the rotor, FIG. 11 is an enlarged sectional view of a part of the rotor, and FIG. 12 is a bias control means of the excitation unit. FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the sleeve and the rotation shaft.

  FIG. 9 shows an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotary electric machine having a radial gap structure. A rotating shaft 11 is rotatably supported by a housing 12 via a bearing 13. The armature includes a cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 fixed to the housing 12, magnetic teeth 14, and an armature coil 16. The rotor is composed of a surface magnetic pole part 91 and an excitation part arranged in the surface magnetic pole part 91, and the excitation part is configured to be biased in the radial direction as a movable magnetic pole part. Reference numeral 92 denotes a rotor support. Means for controlling the exciter in the radial direction include guide plates 93 and 94, a slide bar 96, a cylindrical sleeve 97, a spring 98, an oblique groove 99 provided on the rotating shaft 11, a push rod 1e, The sliding bar 1h and the actuator 1f fixed to the housing 12 are included. Reference numeral 95 denotes a connecting hole through which a connecting rod for connecting the guide plates 93 and 94 slides.

  FIG. 10 shows a cross section of the armature and the rotor along the line E-E ′ in FIG. The configuration of the armature is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the description is omitted. Reference numeral 10 c indicates three connecting rods for connecting the guide plates 93 and 94.

  In FIG. 10, the surface magnetic pole portion has a structure having magnetic salient poles and collective magnets alternately in the circumferential direction on the surface facing the armature. The collective magnet in which the magnet plates 105 and 106 having substantially the same magnetization direction are arranged on both sides of the intermediate magnetic salient pole 103 is magnetically equivalent to the magnet, and the surface magnetic pole portion surrounds the uniform magnetic body. The magnetic salient poles 101 and 102 and the collective magnets are divided by the collective magnets arranged at equal intervals in the direction. Furthermore, the adjacent magnetic body salient poles 101 and 102 are configured such that the substantially circumferential magnetization directions of adjacent magnets are reversed so that they are magnetized in different directions. Magnet plates 104, 105, 106, 107 arranged on both sides in the circumferential direction of each of the magnetic salient poles 101, 102 are V-shaped, the crossing angle of the magnet plates 104, 105, the magnet plates 106, 107 The crossing angle is set to an angle suitable for the magnetic flux barrier. Arrows attached to the magnet plates 104, 105, 106, and 107 indicate magnetization directions that are substantially orthogonal to the plate surfaces of the magnet plates 104, 105, 106, and 107. Reference numeral 108 indicates a magnetic gap for increasing the magnetic resistance between the magnet plates 105 and 106.

  The magnetic salient poles 101 and 102 have extensions 10d and 10e in the inner circumferential direction, and bypass magnetic poles 10a and 10b are arranged on the extensions. The field magnet 109 is slidably disposed between the adjacent magnetic salient pole extension 10d and the magnetic salient pole extension 10e and between the adjacent bypass magnetic poles 10a and 10b. Further, the radial range in which the field magnet 109 is biased is restricted so that the field magnet 109 always faces the magnetic salient pole extension 10d and the bypass magnetic pole 10a, respectively, due to the surrounding dimensions. The field magnet 109 has a magnetization in the circumferential direction, and the magnetization directions of the adjacent field magnets 109 are reversed so as to magnetize the magnetic salient poles 101 and 102 to different polarities. An arrow written in the field magnet 109 indicates the magnetization direction. In this embodiment, the field magnet 109 and its supporting part constitute an exciting part, and the surface magnetic pole part and the exciting part are arranged so that the magnetic salient poles 101 and 102 are excited in the same magnetization direction by the collective magnet and the exciting part. Is set.

  The magnet plates 105 and 106 constituting the collective magnet have a role of a magnetic flux barrier for generating a field magnetic flux and forming a region having a large magnetic resistance in the circumferential direction. In the present embodiment, a sufficient field magnetic flux can be supplied from the excitation unit and the purpose is to control the amount of magnetic flux, so the field magnetic flux from the magnet plates 105 and 106 is an obstacle from the viewpoint of controlling the amount of magnetic flux. It is. The magnetic air gap 108 formed by a slit provided in the intermediate magnetic material salient pole 103 has a large magnetic resistance of a magnetic path through which the magnetic flux of the magnet plates 105 and 106 passes, and the magnet plate 105 to the field magnetic flux flowing to the armature side. This is to make the contribution of 106 small. As a result, the exciting part is biased in the radial direction with respect to the surface magnetic pole part, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing on the armature side can be controlled in a wide range.

  In this embodiment, in addition to the main magnetic path and the bypass, a third magnetic path passing through the collective magnet is connected in parallel to the field magnet 109. The magnetic resistance of the third magnetic path calculated using the magnet plates 105 and 106 as a gap is set to be larger than the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path. In the present embodiment, the magnetic air gap 108 provided in the intermediate magnetic salient pole 103 is configured so that the magnetic resistance of the third magnetic path is made large and the magnetic resistance flowing into the main magnetic path is not affected. It also plays a role.

  FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of a part of the field magnet portion and explains the flow of magnetic flux. The magnet plates 105 and 106 magnetize the magnetic salient pole 101 as an N pole and the magnetic salient pole 102 as an S pole, and the magnetic flux from them magnetizes along a magnetic path indicated by reference numeral 111. Similarly to the magnet plates 105 and 106, the field magnet 109 magnetizes the magnetic salient pole 101 to the N pole and the magnetic salient pole 102 to the S pole, and the magnetic flux flowing into the magnetic salient pole extension 10d is denoted by reference numeral 112. It recirculates to the field magnet 109 through the magnetic teeth 14 (not shown) and the adjacent magnetic salient poles 102 along the main magnetic path. Further, the magnetic flux flowing into the bypass magnetic pole 10a from the field magnet 109 flows back to the field magnet 109 through the bypass magnetic pole 10b adjacent along the bypass magnetic path denoted by reference numeral 113. Reference numeral 115 denotes a support portion for the field magnet 109, which is made of nonmagnetic stainless steel.

  Adjacent bypass magnetic poles 10a and 10b face each other through a minute gap 114, and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path is set to be slightly larger than the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path by adjusting the gap length or the area of the gap 114. ing. In this embodiment, a predetermined constant current load is connected to the armature coil 16 during operation of the rotating electrical machine device, and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is increased to adjust to the minimum magnetic force condition substantially equal to the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path. To do. When the field magnet 109 is biased in the radial direction (vertical direction in FIG. 11), the sum of the opposing areas of the magnetic pole of the field magnet 109 and the magnetic salient pole extension 10d and the bypass magnetic pole 10a is as follows. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path connected to the magnetic salient pole extension 10d and the bypass magnetic pole 10a, respectively, and the magnetic resistance connected to the field magnet 109 is adjusted to the minimum magnetic force condition. The resistance is constant, and the magnetic force that prevents the field magnet 109 from being biased is kept small.

  A magnetic attractive force acts between the field magnet 109 and the magnetic salient pole extension 10d, the magnetic salient pole extension 10e, and the bypass magnetic poles 10a and 10b. It is not a magnetic force to block. In addition, since these magnetic forces are in opposite directions on both sides of the field magnet 109, they are canceled out. The gaps between the field magnet 109 and the magnetic salient pole extension 10d, the magnetic salient pole extension 10e, and the bypass magnetic poles 10a and 10b are made as small as possible to sufficiently cancel the magnetic force. It is configured to reduce the frictional force by applying a solid lubricant such as molybdenum disulfide.

  Means for controlling the exciter in the radial direction will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 12 shows guide plates 93 and 94 for displacing the excitation part shown in FIG. 9 in the radial direction, and their connection structure, and shows only one set of field magnet 109 and support part 115. 13A shows a perspective view of the sleeve 97, and FIG. 13B shows a perspective view of the rotating shaft 11. Deviation in the radial direction of the excitation part is performed in two stages. That is, the actuator 1f drives the push rod 1e to the left and right in the axial direction to bias the sleeve 97 in the circumferential direction, and the circumferential displacement of the sleeve 97 is converted into radial deviation by the guide plates 93 and 94 to Bias.

  A configuration in which the actuator 1f drives the push rod 1e to the left and right in the axial direction to bias the sleeve 97 in the circumferential direction will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 13 (b), the oblique groove 99 has a structure extending obliquely in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 11 and penetrating through the hollow portion, and is fixed to the sleeve 97 as shown in FIG. 13 (a). The pin 131 is engaged with the oblique groove 99 through. As shown in FIG. 9, the spring 98 is disposed between the support portion 92 of the rotor and the sleeve 97 and is urged to push the sleeve 97 in the right direction, and the sliding rod 1h contacts the pin 131 and pushes the sleeve 97. In the figure, the sleeve 97 is configured to be biased to the left by an actuator 1f and a push rod 1e, and to stop at an axial position where the forces of both are balanced. When the actuator 1f drives the sleeve 97 left and right, the pin 131 fixed to the sleeve 97 is engaged with the oblique groove 99, so that the sleeve 97 is biased in the circumferential direction. Further, a concave groove 132 is formed on the outer periphery of the sleeve 97, and the inner peripheral projection 122 of the guide plate 93 is engaged so as to be slidable in the axial direction. Biased in the direction.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the guide plates 93 and 94 are connected and integrated by three connecting rods 10c, and when the guide plate 93 is biased in the circumferential direction, the guide plate 94 is also biased in the circumferential direction. Six guide grooves 121 extending in the circumferential direction while gradually changing the diameter are arranged on the guide plates 93 and 94, and the field magnet 109 and the slide bar 96 of the support portion 115 are provided on the guide grooves 121 of the guide plates 93 and 94. It is slidably arranged. FIG. 12 shows only one set of field magnet 109 and support portion 115 for the sake of simplicity, but in the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, six sets of field magnet 109 and support portion 115 are incorporated. . As shown in FIG. 10, the field magnet 109 and the support portion 115 are arranged so as to be slidable in the radial direction between the magnetic salient pole extension portions 10d and 10e and between the bypass magnetic poles 10a and 10b. The slide bar 96 fixed to the portion 115 is slidably arranged in the guide groove 121. When the guide plates 93 and 94 are biased in the circumferential direction, the slide bar 96 slides in the guide groove 121 and biases the exciting portion composed of the field magnet 109 and the support portion 115 in the radial direction.

  When the actuator 1f biases the push rod 1e and the sliding rod 1h in the left direction, the sleeve 97 is rotationally biased in the clockwise direction in FIG. 13A, and in FIG. The field magnet 109 is biased in the rotational direction to bias the field magnet 109 toward the inner diameter side, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the main magnetic path is reduced. When the actuator 1f biases the push rod 1e in the right direction, the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the main magnetic path is increased.

  Although the magnetic resistance of each magnetic path varies due to various factors, in this embodiment, the magnetic flux amount control is intermittently performed during the operation of the rotating electrical machine as described below. When the rotating electrical machine is a generator, the armature coil is induced with a voltage in a direction that hinders the change of interlinkage magnetic flux, a current corresponding to the load impedance flows, and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is effectively large. Become. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is set to be smaller than the minimum magnetic force condition, and after assembling the rotating electric machine, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is set to be connected to the armature coil in order to equalize the minimum magnetic force condition. The current load is detected and stored in the rotating electrical machine as setting or control data. Thereby, the magnetic resistance variation of the main magnetic path in each rotating electric machine can be adjusted. , At the time of bias control of the movable magnetic pole, a constant current load is connected to the armature coil, a predetermined current is passed by the induced voltage to adjust the direction of increasing the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path, and the actuator is driven at the same time . There are various methods for realizing a constant current load, and a constant current circuit for controlling a predetermined current to flow through the armature coil by an induced voltage to the armature coil, or a predetermined impedance determined for each rotation speed. There are loads and so on. In this embodiment, a constant current circuit (not shown) is used.

  Although the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is effectively changed by the current flowing through the armature coil, the force required for biasing the movable magnetic pole can be reduced, but it responds to the current that changes depending on the position of the magnetic salient pole and magnetic tooth. Magnetic resistance fluctuation in a high frequency band is undesirable because it induces vibration of the movable magnetic pole portion or pulsating magnetic flux leakage between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path. Therefore, it is desirable to smooth the AC magnetic flux in the latter high frequency band so that it is difficult to pass through. In this embodiment, the magnetic salient pole extensions 10d and 10e are made of iron blocks so that it is difficult to pass AC magnetic flux. Extending the magnetic salient pole to allow the magnetic resistance of the magnetic path from the field magnet 109 to the magnetic salient poles 101 and 102 to have a frequency characteristic, and to allow the change in magnetoresistance in the low frequency band required when the movable magnetic pole part is biased The magnetic permeability, conductivity, and dimensions of the portions 10d and 10e are set. In the present embodiment, the magnetic flux shunted from the field magnet 109 is opposed to the field magnet 109 so that it is difficult to short-circuit in the gap between the magnetic salient pole extension portions 10d and 10e and the bypass magnetic poles 10a and 10b. The gap length is set to be large in the part away from. Furthermore, the conductor plate arranged in the gap can be expected to have an effect of making it difficult for AC magnetic flux to pass.

  As described above, in the rotating electrical machine shown in FIG. 9 to FIG. 13, it has been shown that by controlling the driving of the actuator 1 f, the excitation portion can be biased with respect to the surface magnetic pole portion, and the amount of magnetic flux can be controlled. A rotating electrical machine system that optimally controls the output by controlling the amount of magnetic flux will be described below with reference to the block diagram of FIG.

  An explanation will be given of an electric motor system that performs field-weakening control and optimally controls the rotational force when the rotating electric machine is used as an electric motor. The constant current load is accompanied by a reduction drive of the rotor and adjustment in a direction that effectively increases the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path, and the magnetic flux amount control is executed in the following steps. The control device 85 connects a constant current circuit (not shown) to the armature coil 16 to reduce the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature when the rotational speed as the output 83 is greater than a predetermined value and reduces the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature in advance by the induced voltage. By passing a predetermined current, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is effectively set to be greater than or equal to the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path, and the actuator 1f is driven leftward by the control signal 86 to bias the excitation portion in the inner circumferential direction. The area where the magnet 109, the magnetic salient pole extension 10d, and the magnetic salient pole extension 10e face each other is reduced. After the bias control, the actuator 1f is stopped to hold the biased excitation portion position. When the rotational speed is smaller than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, the energization to the armature coil 16 is stopped, and the actuator 1f is driven rightward by the control signal 86 to move the excitation unit in the outer circumferential direction. The area where the field magnet 109, the magnetic salient pole extension 10d, and the magnetic salient pole extension 10e face each other is increased. After the bias control, the actuator 1f is stopped to hold the biased excitation portion position.

  A constant voltage generator system that performs field weakening control to control a generated voltage to a predetermined voltage when a rotating electrical machine is used as a generator will be described. The constant current load is accompanied by a reduction drive of the rotor and adjustment in a direction that effectively increases the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path, and the magnetic flux amount control is executed in the following steps. The control device 85 connects a constant current circuit (not shown) to the armature coil 16 to reduce the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature when the generated voltage as the output 83 is greater than a predetermined value and reduces the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature in advance by the induced voltage. By passing a predetermined current, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is effectively set to be greater than or equal to the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path, and the actuator 1f is driven leftward by the control signal 86 to bias the excitation portion in the inner circumferential direction. The area where the magnet 109, the magnetic salient pole extension 10d, and the magnetic salient extension 10e face each other is reduced. After the bias control, the actuator 1f is stopped to hold the biased excitation portion position. When the generated voltage is lower than a predetermined value and the field magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, the current flowing by connecting a large impedance load to the armature coil 16 is decreased, and the actuator 1f is driven rightward by the control signal 86. Thus, the exciting portion is biased in the outer peripheral direction, and the area where the field magnet 109, the magnetic salient pole extension 10d, and the magnetic salient pole extension 10e face each other is increased. After the bias control, the actuator 1f is stopped to hold the biased excitation portion position.

  In the control of the above system, when increasing the amount of magnetic flux, the constant current load is not connected to the armature coil, and the magnetic force that appears as a state in which the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is smaller than the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path. It was used for assisting the movable magnetic pole part bias. However, when the magnetic force is too large, even when the amount of magnetic flux is increased, a constant current load is connected to the armature coil to adjust the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path to reduce the magnetic force.

  Since the magnetic resistance adjusting means for the main magnetic path employed in the present embodiment is accompanied by decelerating driving of the rotating electrical machine, there is a possibility of affecting the operation of the rotating electrical machine when the magnetic flux amount control continues for a long time. However, since a change in rotational speed and a change control of the amount of magnetic flux are continuously performed in a normal operation state, there is no big problem. Further, when a large change in the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is expected due to a change with time or a change in temperature, a configuration is adopted in which the correction condition for the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is acquired by learning. Parameters for changing the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path during the operation of the rotating electric machine are mainly the current condition flowing through the armature coil, the rotational speed, the temperature, the displacement position of the movable magnetic pole portion, and the like. The relationship between the parameters indicating these operating conditions and the amount of fluctuation from the initial setting condition of the optimum constant current load condition can be estimated based on statistical data in a rotating electrical machine of the same design. Create and set map data between optimal constant current load conditions and parameters indicating operating conditions after assembly of the rotating electrical machine, select the optimal constant current load conditions during operation, and achieve smoother flux control Can be realized.

  A third embodiment of the rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The third embodiment is a rotary electric machine system having a radial gap structure, and controls the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature by controlling the exciter in a plane perpendicular to the circumferential direction. During bias control of the excitation unit, a current shifted from the minimum magnetic force current is supplied to the armature coil to generate a magnetic force to assist the bias of the excitation unit. FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of the rotating electrical machine, FIGS. 15 and 16 are sectional views showing the configuration of the armature and the rotor, and FIG. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the biasing means of the excitation unit.

  FIG. 14 shows an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotating electrical machine having a radial gap structure, and a rotating shaft 11 is rotatably supported by a housing 12 via a bearing 13. The armature includes a cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 fixed to the housing 12, magnetic teeth 14, and an armature coil 16. The rotor has a surface magnetic pole part 141 and an excitation part arranged in the surface magnetic pole part 141, and has a field magnet 109 and a support part 115, and the excitation part is biased in a plane perpendicular to the circumferential direction as a movable magnetic pole part. It is configured. Means for controlling the bias of the exciter include rotating arms indicated by numerals 144 and 145, a slide plate 142, a connecting rod 143, a spring 98, a slit 1c provided on the rotating shaft 11, a push rod 1e, a sliding rod 1h, and a housing 12. The actuator 1f is fixed to the actuator 1f.

  FIGS. 15 and 16 show cross sections of the armature and the rotor along the lines FF ′ and GG ′ of FIG. 14, respectively, and in order to explain the mutual relationship, some of the components are shown with numbers. ing. The configuration of the armature is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the description is omitted.

  In FIG. 15, the surface magnetic pole part 141 has a structure having magnetic salient poles and permanent magnets alternately in the circumferential direction on the surface facing the armature. The surface magnetic pole portion 141 is composed of magnetic salient poles 151 and 152 and a permanent magnet 153 that are divided by a permanent magnet 153 that is a uniform magnetic material arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. Further, adjacent magnetic salient poles 151 and 152 are configured such that the substantially circumferential magnetization directions of adjacent permanent magnets 153 are reversed so as to be magnetized in different directions. The arrow described in the permanent magnet 153 indicates the magnetization direction. The magnetic salient poles 151 and 152 have extensions in the inner circumferential direction, and bypass magnetic poles 10a and 10b are arranged on the extensions. The field magnet 109 is slidably disposed between the adjacent magnetic salient pole 151 extension and the magnetic salient pole 152 extension, and between the adjacent bypass magnetic poles 10a and 10b. Further, the radial range in which the field magnet 109 deviates is restricted by the surrounding dimensions so that the field magnet 109 always faces the extension portion of the magnetic salient pole 151 and the bypass magnetic pole 10a. In this embodiment, the field magnet 109 and its supporting part constitute an exciting part, and the surface magnetic pole part and the exciting part are arranged so that the magnetic salient poles 151 and 152 are excited in the same magnetization direction by the permanent magnet 153 and the exciting part, respectively. Is set. In the opposite case, the permanent magnet 153 and the field magnet 109 constitute a closed magnetic circuit, generating a large magnetic force that hinders the bias control of the excitation unit, and makes precise control difficult.

  The contribution of the permanent magnet 153 to the field magnetic flux is not preferable in the sense that the control range of the magnetic flux amount by the excitation unit is narrowed. However, a permanent magnet is placed between the gaps at the tip of the magnetic salient pole to reduce the leakage magnetic flux in the gap, and in a rotating electrical machine that uses reluctance torque, a uniform magnetic substance is arranged in the circumferential direction. There is a structure in which a magnetic salient pole is formed by dividing by a permanent magnet having magnetization and a magnetic flux barrier is formed. This embodiment is meaningful as an embodiment for facilitating the control of the amount of magnetic flux in such a conventional rotating electrical machine. The third embodiment is the same as the second embodiment except that the permanent magnet 153 is arranged instead of the collective magnet, and the excitation section configuration, the magnetic flux from the field magnet 109 is the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path. Since the operating principle of diverting to the same is the same as in the second embodiment, a description thereof will be omitted.

  In this embodiment, in addition to the main magnetic path and the bypass, a third magnetic path passing through the permanent magnet 153 is connected in parallel to the field magnet 109. The magnetic resistance of the third magnetic path calculated with the permanent magnet 153 portion as a gap is set to be larger than the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path. In this embodiment, the length of the permanent magnet 153 is sufficiently large so that the amount of magnetic flux flowing into the main magnetic path is not affected.

  The configuration and operation for bias control of the excitation unit will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 14 and FIG. 17, the excitation unit composed of the field magnet 109 and the support unit 115 is supported by the rotor support 92 and the rotation arms 144 and 145. The rotary arms 144 and 145 are rotatably supported on the rotor support 92 by pins 171 and pivotally supported by the excitation unit by pins 172, and the excitation unit can be biased in parallel to the rotary shaft 11 in a plane orthogonal to the circumferential direction. Has been. Further, the excitation unit is connected to the slide plate 142 by a connecting rod 143. The connecting rod 143 is rotatably coupled to the excitation portion by the pin 173 and to the slide plate 142 by the pin 174, and the excitation portion is biased in a plane orthogonal to the circumferential direction by the axial displacement of the slide plate 142. It is. The three protrusions of the slide plate 142 are in contact with the sliding rod 1h through three slits 1c provided on the rotating shaft 11, and the sliding rod 1h is configured to be slidable in the hollow portion of the rotating shaft 11 in the axial direction. And is in contact with the push rod 1e of the actuator 1f. Since the spring 98 is disposed between the rotor support 92 and the slide plate 142 and urges the slide plate 142 to the right, and the actuator 1f is configured to drive the push rod 1e to the left and right in the axial direction, the slide plate 142 is provided. The field magnet 109 is biased in the axial direction by the actuator 1f. The actuator 1f is composed of a step motor and a screw mechanism, and rotates the step motor to drive the push rod 1e to the left and right in the axial direction. When the step motor is not driven, the actuator 1f holds the axial position of the push rod 1e. Yes.

  17 (a) and 17 (b) are enlarged views of a longitudinal section of a part of the rotor including the exciting part. FIG. 17 (a) shows the field where the exciting part is biased radially outward. The magnetic magnet 109 opposes the magnetic salient pole 151 extension and the magnetic salient pole 152 extension adjacent to each other at the maximum area, and shows the state where the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the main magnetic path is maximized. In this case, the actuator 1f biases the slide plate 142 in the left direction parallel to the axis, and the excitation part including the field magnet 109 is biased in the left direction parallel to the axis and biased radially outward. . FIG. 17B shows a state in which the exciting portion is biased inward in the radial direction so that the field magnet 109 is opposed to the adjacent bypass magnetic poles 10a and 10b in the maximum area and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the main magnetic path is minimized. Show. In this case, the actuator 1f biases the slide plate 142 in the right direction parallel to the axis, and the excitation part including the field magnet 109 is biased in the right direction parallel to the axis and biased radially inward. .

  Rotating arms 144 and 145 and pins 171 and 172 for supporting the exciting part are arranged, and the rotating arms 144 and 145 and the pin 172 are also biased according to the biasing of the exciting part. The space occupied by the rotating arms 144 and 145 and the pins 171 and 172 is allocated by cutting off a part of the bypass magnetic poles 10a and 10b. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along G-G ′ in FIG. 14, and the portions where the bypass magnetic poles 10 a and 10 b are opposed to each other through a minute gap are cut away. Although the axial lengths of the portions where the bypass magnetic poles 10a and 10b face each other through a minute gap are shorter than those in the second embodiment, the portions facing each other are magnetic because they are made of iron blocks having a high saturation magnetic flux density. The magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path is adjusted to be approximately equal to the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path in consideration of the axial length as well as the gap length between the bypass magnetic poles 10a and 10b.

  The condition for setting the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path to be equal can minimize the magnetic force against the deviation of the movable magnetic pole portion as the minimum magnetic force condition. In the mass production stage, the dimensions of components vary within tolerances, and there are also variations in magnetic properties, etc., and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and bypass magnetic path often deviates from the minimum magnetic force condition. Proposed adjustment means. In this embodiment, in controlling the amount of magnetic flux, means and method for supplying a predetermined current to the armature coil to generate a magnetic force in a direction for assisting the deviation of the movable magnetic pole portion and reducing the force necessary for the deviation. Is adopted.

  When a current that drives the rotor in the acceleration and deceleration directions is supplied to the armature coil, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path effectively becomes small and large, respectively. Accordingly, when the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path becomes smaller or larger than the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path, the movable magnetic pole portion has a magnetic force in a direction to make the opposing area of the field magnet and the magnetic salient pole extension larger and smaller, respectively. Receive. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path are made equal (minimum magnetic force condition). The bias control is performed as follows with the armature coil current as the minimum magnetic force current. In other words, when the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, the bias control means is driven in the direction to increase the facing area between the magnetic salient pole extension and the field magnet, and the rotor is accelerated from the minimum magnetic force current. When supplying a certain amount of shifted current to the armature coil and reducing the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature, the bias control means is driven and the rotor is driven in a direction to reduce the facing area between the magnetic salient pole extension and the field magnet. Is supplied to the armature coil by controlling the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature by shifting the current by a predetermined amount from the minimum magnetic force current in the direction of decelerating the armature. The magnetic force for assisting the bias control means is generated by the current flowing through the armature coil, and the field control is facilitated without requiring an excessive actuator for the bias control means.

  The minimum magnetic force current supplied to the armature coil so as to make the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path effectively equal (minimum magnetic force condition) is acquired from the map data according to the operating state of the rotating electric machine. Parameters that fluctuate the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path during operation of the rotating electrical machine are mainly temperature, the bias position of the movable magnetic pole portion, the rotational speed, and the like. The relationship between the parameters indicating these operating conditions and the amount of fluctuation from the initial setting of the minimum magnetic force current can be estimated based on statistical data in a rotating electrical machine of the same design. After assembling the rotating electrical machine, map data between the minimum magnetic force current and the parameter indicating the operating condition is created and set.

  A third embodiment of the rotating electrical machine system that controls the amount of magnetic flux to optimally control the output will be described with reference to the block diagram of FIG. An explanation will be given of an electric motor system that performs field-weakening control and optimally controls the rotational force when the rotating electric machine is used as an electric motor. When the rotational speed, which is the output 83, is greater than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is reduced, the control device 85 generates a current obtained by shifting a predetermined amount from the minimum magnetic force current in the direction of decelerating the rotor. At the same time, the actuator 1f is driven by the control signal 86 by driving the actuator coil 16 to bias the excitation part to the right, thereby reducing the area where the field magnet 109 and the magnetic salient pole 151 extension face each other. After the bias control, the actuator 1f is stopped to hold the position of the excitation unit. When the rotational speed is smaller than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, a current shifted by a predetermined amount from the minimum magnetic force current is supplied to the armature coil 16 in the direction of accelerating the rotor. The actuator 1f is driven by the control signal 86 to bias the exciting part in the left direction so that the area where the field magnet 109 and the magnetic salient pole 151 extension face each other is increased. After the bias control, the actuator 1f is stopped to hold the position of the excitation unit.

  A constant voltage generator system that performs field weakening control to control a generated voltage to a predetermined voltage when a rotating electrical machine is used as a generator will be described. When the generated voltage, which is the output 83, is greater than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is reduced, the control device 85 generates a current that is shifted from the minimum magnetic force current by a predetermined amount in the direction of decelerating the rotor. At the same time, the actuator 1f is driven by the control signal 86 to drive the actuator 1f to bias the exciting part in the right direction, thereby reducing the area where the field magnet 109 and the magnetic salient pole 151 extension face each other. After the bias control, the actuator 1f is stopped to hold the position of the excitation unit. When the generated voltage is smaller than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, a current that is shifted by a predetermined amount from the minimum magnetic force current is supplied to the armature coil 16 in the direction of accelerating the rotor. The actuator 1 f is driven by the control signal 86 to bias the excitation unit 18 in the left direction so that the area where the field magnet 109 and the magnetic salient pole 151 extension face each other is increased. After the bias control, the actuator 1f is stopped to hold the position of the excitation unit.

  The magnetic flux amount control described above can simplify the magnetic flux amount control step in accordance with the operating conditions. That is, if the rotating electrical machine is being accelerated and the degree of acceleration driving is greater than or equal to the degree of acceleration of the rotor for controlling the amount of magnetic flux, only the bias control means can be driven. If decelerating driving is being performed and the degree of decelerating driving is greater than or equal to the degree of decelerating the rotor for controlling the amount of magnetic flux, only the bias control means can be driven. When a rotating electrical machine is used as a generator, it is in the same state as a motor that is always driven at a reduced speed, and the magnetic flux amount control step can be simplified. Although the minimum magnetic force current is acquired from the map data, if the change over time is large, the magnetic flux amount can be controlled more precisely as a learning acquisition method.

  A fourth embodiment of the rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the fourth embodiment, the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is controlled by controlling the exciter in a plane orthogonal to the circumferential direction. Also, there is means for adjusting the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path by adjusting the gap length in the bypass magnetic path. FIG. 18 is a longitudinal sectional view of the rotating electrical machine, and FIG. 19 is a sectional view showing the configuration of the armature and the rotor.

  FIG. 18 shows an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotating electrical machine having a radial gap structure, and a rotating shaft 11 is rotatably supported by a housing 12 via a bearing 13. The configuration of the armature is the same as in the first embodiment. The rotor has substantially the same configuration as that of the third embodiment, and the surface magnetic pole portion is 181 and the bypass magnetic pole is extended to the left in the axial direction so as to protrude from the end face of the rotor as the bypass magnetic pole extension 182. The bypass magnetic pole extension 182 faces the annular magnetic core 183 with a minute gap, and the annular magnetic core 183 is supported by a screw mechanism on a magnetic core support 184 fixed to the housing 12. The structure is biased in the axial direction by rotating. Screws are disposed on the outer periphery of the annular magnetic core 183 so that the worm gear 185 is engaged. The means for controlling the bias of the excitation unit is the same as in the third embodiment. Number 1j indicates a load cell.

  FIG. 19 shows a cross section of the armature and the rotor along the line H-H ′ in FIG. 18, and in order to explain the mutual relationship, a part of the constituent parts is numbered. The configuration of the armature is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the description is omitted.

  In FIG. 19, the surface magnetic pole portion 181 is formed by dividing a uniform magnetic body by permanent magnets arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and adjacent magnetic body salient poles are numbered 191 and 192 and permanent magnets. The reference numeral 153 is representative. Furthermore, the magnetized poles 191 and 192 adjacent to each other are magnetized in different directions, and the magnetization directions in the substantially circumferential direction of the adjacent permanent magnets 153 are reversed. The arrow described in the permanent magnet 153 indicates the magnetization direction. The magnetic salient poles 191 and 192 have extensions 193 and 194 in the inner circumferential direction, and bypass magnetic poles 195 and 196 are disposed on the extensions. The field magnet 109 having a circumferential magnetization direction is slidably disposed between the extension 193 of the adjacent magnetic salient pole 191 and the extension 194 of the magnetic salient pole 192 and between the adjacent bypass magnetic poles 195 and 196. ing. Further, the radial range in which the field magnet 109 is biased is restricted so that the field magnet 109 always faces the magnetic salient pole extension 193 and the bypass magnetic pole 195, respectively, due to the surrounding dimensions.

  In this embodiment, the field magnet 109 and its support part 115 constitute an excitation part, and the surface magnetic pole part and the excitation part are excited so that the magnetic salient poles 191 and 192 are excited in the same magnetization direction by the permanent magnet 153 and the excitation part, respectively. The arrangement is set. In the opposite case, the permanent magnet 153 and the field magnet 109 constitute a closed magnetic circuit, generating a large magnetic force that hinders the bias control of the excitation unit, and makes precise control difficult. The magnetic salient pole extension part 193 and the magnetic substance salient pole extension part 194 have softer average conductivity than the magnetic salient poles 191 and 192 which are formed of a laminated body of silicon steel plates so that an alternating magnetic flux does not easily pass therethrough. It is made up of made blocks. The rotary arms 144 and 145 and the pins 171 and 172 that support the excitation unit are biased according to the bias of the excitation unit, and the space occupied by them is allocated between the bypass magnetic poles 195 and 196.

  The configuration of the surface magnetic pole part and the excitation part is similar to that of the third embodiment, except that adjacent bypass magnetic poles 195 and 196 are magnetically independent. As shown in FIG. 18, the bypass magnetic poles 195 and 196 have a bypass magnetic pole extension 182 protruding from the end of the rotor (represented as an extension of the bypass magnetic poles 195 and 196 in the axial direction). , Facing the annular magnetic core 183 through a minute gap. The magnetic flux flowing into the bypass magnetic pole 195 from the field magnet 109 circulates to the field magnet 109 via the bypass magnetic pole extension 182, the annular magnetic core 183, the bypass magnetic pole extension 182, and the bypass magnetic pole 196, and passes through the bypass magnetic path. Forming. The magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path is set to be approximately equal to the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path by adjusting the length of the minute gap between the bypass magnetic pole extension 182 and the annular magnetic core 183. Since the magnetic flux from the field magnet 109 flows through the bypass magnetic poles 195 and 196 in the axial direction, the bypass magnetic poles 195 and 196 have a high magnetic flux density and are made of isotropic iron blocks. Further, since the magnetic flux flows in the annular magnetic core 183 in the circumferential direction, the annular magnetic core 183 is formed by spirally winding a silicon steel strip in a radial direction in order to reduce eddy current loss. In addition, a magnetic material having a large specific resistance may be used. Since the other configurations of the surface magnetic pole part and the excitation part are the same as those of the third embodiment, the description of the operation for dividing the magnetic flux into the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is omitted. Further, since the bias control means of the excitation unit including the field magnet 109 is the same as that of the third embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

  The magnetic resistance of each magnetic path fluctuates due to various factors, and when the difference in the magnetic resistance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path becomes large, the magnetic force that prevents the exciter bias is increased. In this embodiment, by adjusting the size of the gap in the bypass magnetic path, the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path are made equal to each other, and the deviation is adjusted to adapt to the change in the magnetic resistance of the magnetic path due to various causes. The magnetic force to block is suppressed small. The worm gear 185 shown in FIG. 18 is driven by a step motor (not shown) to rotate the annular magnetic core 183, and the annular magnetic core 183 is biased in the axial direction by a screw mechanism between the magnetic core support 184. , The gap length between the annular magnetic core 183 and the bypass magnetic pole extension 182 is changed.

  In FIG. 18, reference numeral 1j indicates a load cell. When the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path deviates from the minimum magnetic force condition, the field magnet 109 has a smaller magnetic resistance (magnetic salient pole extension 193 or bypass magnetic pole 195) and the field magnet 109. It receives a magnetic force that deviates in the direction of increasing the facing area. Since the actuator 1f tries to maintain the axial position, the pressure in the push rod 1e changes, and the magnetic force can be detected by the load cell 1j. Since the magnetic force is proportional to the difference in magnetic resistance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path, the worm gear 185 is driven by a step motor (not shown) so that the magnetic force falls within a predetermined range to rotate the annular magnetic core 183. The annular magnetic core 183 is biased in the axial direction by a screw mechanism between the magnetic core support 184 and the gap length between the annular magnetic core 183 and the bypass magnetic pole extension 182 is changed. Since the magnetic resistance of both magnetic paths can always be maintained close to the minimum magnetic force condition, precise magnetic flux amount control is possible.

  A rotating electrical machine system that optimally controls the output by controlling the amount of magnetic flux will be described with reference to the block diagram of FIG. An explanation will be given of an electric motor system that performs field-weakening control and optimally controls the rotational force when the rotating electric machine is used as an electric motor. The control device 85 drives the actuator 1f via the control signal 86 and biases the excitation part to the right by driving the actuator 1f via the control signal 86 when the rotation speed of the output 83 is greater than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is reduced. The area where the magnet 109 and the magnetic salient pole extension 193 face each other is reduced. After the bias control, the actuator 1f is stopped to hold the position of the excitation unit. When the rotational speed is smaller than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, the actuator 1f is driven via the control signal 86 to bias the excitation unit in the left direction, and the field magnet 109 and the magnetic salient pole. The area facing the extension 193 is increased. After the bias control, the actuator 1f is stopped to hold the position of the excitation unit.

  A constant voltage generator system that performs field weakening control to control a generated voltage to a predetermined voltage when a rotating electrical machine is used as a generator will be described. The control device 85 drives the actuator 1f via the control signal 86 and biases the excitation part to the right by driving the actuator 1f via the control signal 86 when the generated voltage as the output 83 is larger than a predetermined value and the magnetic flux flowing through the armature is small. The area where the magnet 109 and the magnetic salient pole extension 193 face each other is reduced. After the bias control, the actuator 1f is stopped to hold the position of the excitation unit. When the generated voltage is smaller than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, the actuator 1f is driven via the control signal 86 to bias the exciting part to the left, and the field magnet 109 and the magnetic salient pole. The area facing the extension 193 is increased. After the bias control, the actuator 1f is stopped to hold the position of the excitation unit.

  A fifth embodiment of the rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The fifth embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system having a radial gap structure and an outer rotor structure, and the excitation unit is disposed in the rotor and controls the amount of magnetic flux using centrifugal force. 20 is a longitudinal sectional view of the rotating electrical machine, FIG. 21 is a sectional view showing the configuration of the armature and the rotor, and FIG. 22 is an enlarged sectional view of a part of the rotor in order to show the configuration of the excitation unit.

  FIG. 20 shows an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotating electrical machine having an outer rotor structure, and the surface magnetic pole part and the excitation part are arranged on the rotor on the outer periphery. A fixed shaft 201 is fixed to the substrate 209, and an armature is fixed to the fixed shaft 201. A rotor housing 202 is rotatably supported on a fixed shaft 201 via a bearing 203, and a field portion 207 including a surface magnetic pole portion and an exciting portion is disposed inside the rotor housing 202. Reference numeral 20a denotes a pulley portion provided in the rotor housing 202 of the rotor for transmission of rotational force with an external device. The armature includes a cylindrical magnetic yoke 205 on the armature support portion 208, magnetic teeth 204, and an armature coil 206.

  FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along the line I-I ′ in FIG. 20, and in order to explain the mutual relationship, some of the components are shown with numbers. The armature includes a cylindrical magnetic yoke 205 fixed to the armature support 208, a plurality of magnetic teeth 204 extending in a radial direction from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 205 and having a magnetic gap in the circumferential direction, and a magnetic tooth 204 The armature coil 206 is wound around. In the present embodiment, the armature coil 206 is composed of 24 pieces, which are connected in three phases. The magnetic body teeth 204 and the cylindrical magnetic yoke 205 are formed by punching from a silicon steel plate with a predetermined mold and then laminated, and an armature coil 206 is wound around the magnetic teeth.

  In FIG. 21, a field portion 207 is disposed on the inner peripheral side of the rotor housing 202 so as to face the magnetic body teeth 204. The field magnet part 207 is composed of a surface magnetic pole part and an excitation part, and a magnetic material salient pole 211, a magnetic air gap part 213, a magnetic material salient pole 212, a magnetic air gap part on the surface of the surface magnetic pole part facing the magnetic material 204. 213 are sequentially arranged in the circumferential direction. Further, the surface magnetic pole portion has a bypass magnetic pole on the outer side in the direction of the magnetic salient pole extension, and the field magnet 214 has a diameter between the adjacent magnetic salient pole 211 and 212 extensions and between the adjacent bypass magnetic poles 215 and 216. An annular magnetic core 217 is arranged via a bypass magnetic pole 215, 216 and a minute gap. Adjacent field magnets 214 are arranged so as to reverse the magnetization directions of each other, and magnetize adjacent magnetic salient poles 211 and 212 to different polarities. An arrow in the field magnet 214 indicates the magnetization direction. Reference numeral 218 indicates a spring that urges the field magnet 214 in the inner diameter direction, and reference numeral 219 indicates a non-magnetic portion. In this configuration, the field magnet 214 corresponds to the excitation unit.

  FIG. 22 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the configuration around the field magnet 214, and the field flux shunt control will be described. The main magnetic path, which is one of two magnetic circuits connected in parallel to the field magnet 214, is a magnetic flux in which the magnetic flux from the field magnet 214 circulates through the magnetic salient pole 211, the magnetic teeth 204, and the magnetic salient pole 212. The other bypass magnetic path is a magnetic path through which the magnetic flux from the field magnet 214 circulates via the bypass magnetic pole 215, the cylindrical magnetic core 217, and the bypass magnetic pole 216, and flows through the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path. The magnetic flux is indicated by dotted lines 222 and 223, respectively.

  In the present embodiment, the opposing area and gap length of the minute gap 221 between the bypass magnetic poles 215 and 216 and the cylindrical magnetic core 217 are adjusted under the average operating conditions of the rotating electrical machine to adjust the magnetism of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path. Set resistance equal (minimum magnetic force condition). Since the sum of the area where the field magnet 214 faces the magnetic salient pole 211 extension and the magnetic salient pole 212 extension and the area facing the bypass magnetic poles 215 and 216 is always constant, the field magnet 214 is in the radial direction. Therefore, the magnetic force that hinders the biasing is suppressed to a small value.

  When the rotor is stationary or at a low rotation speed, the spring 218 biases the field magnet 214 toward the inner diameter side, so that most of the area of the field magnet 214 is an extension of the magnetic salient pole 211 and an extension of the magnetic salient pole 212. The amount of magnetic flux flowing through the main magnetic path is maximized. When the rotational speed of the rotor increases, the centrifugal force acting on the field magnet 214 resists the spring 218 to bias the field magnet 214 toward the outer peripheral side, and the area where the field magnet 214 faces the bypass magnetic poles 215 and 216 increases. . The amount of magnetic flux in the main magnetic path passing through the magnetic teeth 204 side is approximately proportional to the area of the field magnet 214 facing the extension of the magnetic salient pole 211 and the extension of the magnetic salient pole 212, and at a low rotational speed of the rotor. The amount of magnetic flux in the main magnetic path is large, and the amount of magnetic flux in the main magnetic path is controlled to be small at high rotational speeds. The relationship between the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the main magnetic path and the rotational speed is determined by the mass of the field magnet 214, the characteristics of the spring 218, and the coefficient of friction between the field magnet 214 and its surroundings set to reduce unnecessary vibrations. Is set.

  A sixth embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The sixth embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system using the rotating electrical machine system of the first embodiment as a generator / motor of a hybrid car. In the figure, reference numeral 231 denotes the rotating electric machine shown in the first embodiment, and the rotating electric machine 231 has a rotating shaft 239 coupled to transmit a rotational force by a belt and an engine 232 of the hybrid car. The rotational force of the shaft 239 is transmitted to the drive shaft 23a via the transmission 233. The control device 234 receives the command 23b from the host control device, drives the rotating electrical machine 231 as an electric motor via the drive circuit 235, and controls the magnetic flux amount of the rotating electrical machine device 231 via the magnetic flux amount control circuit 236. Further, the control device 234 receives the command 23b from the host control device, rectifies the generated power appearing on the lead wire 23c of the armature coil 16 through the rectifier circuit 237, and charges the battery 238.

  The control device 234 drives the rotating electrical machine 231 as an electric motor via the drive circuit 235 according to the instruction of the command 23b, assists the rotation of the engine 232, or independently drives the rotating shaft 239 to rotate through the transmission 233 and the driving shaft 23a. Contributes to the driving power of hybrid cars. When it is necessary to reinforce the magnet torque in the low rotational speed region, the armature so that the controller 234 effectively equalizes the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path to the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path during the time period of the magnetic flux amount control section 72. The minimum magnetic force current is supplied to the coil 16 via the drive circuit 235, and the actuator 1f is driven so as to increase the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature via the magnetic flux amount control circuit 236, thereby biasing the exciter 18 and magnetizing it. The area where the body salient pole 21 extension and the field magnet 24 face each other is increased.

  When the field weakening is used in the high rotation speed region, the control device 234 makes the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path effectively equal to the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path during the time period of the magnetic flux amount control section 72. Is supplied with a minimum magnetic force current via the drive circuit 235, and the actuator 1f is driven so as to reduce the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature via the magnetic flux amount control circuit 236, thereby biasing the excitation unit 18 and causing the magnetic material The area where the pole 21 extension and the field magnet 24 face each other is made small.

  When the hybrid car can be driven only by the rotational force of the engine 232, the generated power appearing in the lead wire 23c of the armature coil 16 is changed to direct current via the rectifier circuit 237 by the command 23b, and the battery 238 is charged. In that case, the controller 234 causes the armature coil 16 to have a minimum magnetic force via the drive circuit 235 so that the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is effectively equal to the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path during the time period of the magnetic flux amount control section 72. The actuator 1f is driven and controlled via the magnetic flux amount control circuit 236 so that an electric current is supplied and an optimum voltage for charging the battery 238 is obtained. When the battery 238 is charged, a converter that converts the generated voltage by using the rotating electrical machine system as a constant voltage generator is unnecessary. Further, even when the battery 238 is composed of a plurality of types of batteries having different voltage types, an expensive converter can be dispensed with by adding a switching circuit to control the power generation voltage optimal for each battery.

  This embodiment also functions effectively as an energy recovery system when braking a hybrid car. When the regenerative braking instruction is received through the command 23b, the control device 234 drives the armature coil 16 to make the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path effectively equal to the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path in the time zone of the magnetic flux amount control section 72. The minimum magnetic force current is supplied via the circuit 235, and the actuator 1f is driven so as to increase the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature via the magnetic flux amount control circuit 236, thereby biasing the excitation unit 18 and magnetic salient pole 21. The area where the extension portion and the field magnet 24 face each other is increased, and the battery 238 is charged with the generated power. In the case of having a plurality of batteries 238, the actuator 1f is driven and controlled via the magnetic flux amount control circuit 236 so as to obtain a power generation voltage that matches the charging voltage of the battery 238 having the most capacity for charging. Control. Since the rotating electrical machine 211 is a physique used as a drive motor, it can generate a sufficient braking force as a generator for regenerative braking.

  The present embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system in which the present invention is used as a generator / motor of a hybrid car, but it is naturally possible to use a rotating electrical machine system in an electric vehicle. In that case, the engine 232 of the hybrid car is removed in the above embodiment, and the energy recovery system at the time of driving and braking is constituted only by the rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention.

  The rotating electrical machine system of the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments. These examples show examples of realizing the gist and purpose of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Of course, it is possible to complete the system that achieves the gist and purpose of the present invention by combining the above-described embodiments, or by combining a part of the embodiments. For example, in the above embodiment, the armature has a structure having magnetic teeth, but there is a structure example in which a magnetic tooth is not arranged in a conventional rotating electric machine having an axial gap configuration. Further, even in the radial gap configuration, there is an example in which the armature configuration is arranged with an armature coil printed and wired on a cylindrical magnetic yoke and does not have magnetic teeth. The present invention can be applied regardless of the presence or absence of magnetic teeth, and can employ an optimum electronic configuration according to the specifications of the rotating electrical machine system.

  The rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention can easily control the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature by changing the configuration in the vicinity of magnet excitation of the rotating electrical machine using the conventional magnet torque and reluctance torque. In addition to being able to be used as a high-output motor like the conventional rotating electrical machine, the rotating electrical machine system can expand the practical rotational speed range, further improve the power generation function, and control the power generation function.

  It can be used in a generator / motor system for a moving body, and it can be expected to be used in a range of rotational speeds higher than that of a conventional driving motor. In addition, it can recover energy during braking and improve overall energy consumption. In addition, the constant voltage generator system can control the generated voltage uniformly over a wide rotational speed range, eliminating the need for a constant voltage control circuit, and eliminating the need for a converter for charging multiple types of batteries with different voltages, reducing the overall system cost. It can be reduced.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by a 1st Example. It is sectional drawing which shows the armature and rotor of a rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the armature and rotor of a rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the rotor structure of the rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the excitation part structure of the rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the biased excitation part of the rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is a figure which shows the time chart which acquires the magnetoresistive adjustment conditions of a main magnetic path learning. It is a block diagram of the rotary electric machine system which performs field-weakening control. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by a 2nd Example. It is sectional drawing which shows the armature and rotor of a rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is sectional drawing which expands and shows a part of rotor of the rotary electric machine shown by FIG. FIG. 10 is a perspective view of guide plate assembly of the rotating electrical machine shown in FIG. 9. 9A is a perspective view of a sleeve, and FIG. 9B is a perspective view of a rotating shaft of the rotating electrical machine shown in FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by a 3rd Example. It is sectional drawing which shows the armature and rotor of a rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the armature and rotor of a rotary electric machine shown by FIG. 14 shows a configuration for biasing the excitation part of the rotating electrical machine shown in FIG. 14, where (a) is a longitudinal sectional view in which the excitation part is biased to the outermost periphery, and (b) is a longitudinal sectional view in which the excitation part is biased to the innermost periphery. Respectively. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by a 4th Example. It is sectional drawing which shows the armature and rotor of a rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by the 5th Example. It is sectional drawing which shows the armature and rotor of a rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is sectional drawing which expands and shows the excitation part of the rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is a block diagram of the rotary electric machine system by a 6th Example.

Explanation of symbols

11 ... rotating shaft, 12 ... housing,
13 ... Bearings, 14 ... Magnetic teeth,
15 ... cylindrical magnetic yoke, 16 ... armature coil,
17 ... Field part, 18 ... Excitation part,
19 ... spring, 1a ... excitation support,
1b: rotor support, 1c: slit,
1d: hollow part, 1e: push rod,
1f ... Actuator, 1g ... Cooling fan,
1j: Load cells 21, 22 ... Magnetic salient poles, 23 ... Magnetic air gap,
24 ... Field magnet, 25 ... Base magnetic pole,
26: saturable magnetic part, 27 ... non-magnetic substance,
28: Saturable magnetic body coupling part 31, 32 ... Bypass magnetic pole, 33 ... Minute gap 51 ... Distance, 52 ... Length of magnetic salient pole 21 extension part,
53... Length of bypass magnetic pole 31 54. Length of field magnet 24 71... Learning section 72.
73 ... rotational speed, 74 ... field magnetic flux amount,
75 ... Power generation voltage, 76 ... Time 81 ... Rotary electric machine, 82 ... Input,
83 ... Output, 84 ... Status signal,
85 ... Control device, 86 ... Control signal,
87 ... Drive control circuit 91 ... Surface magnetic pole part, 92 ... Rotor support,
93, 94 .. Guide plate, 95 ... Connecting hole,
96 ... slide bar, 97 ... sleeve,
98... Spring, 99... Oblique grooves 101 and 102 .. Magnetic salient pole, 103.
104, 105, 106, 107 .. magnet plate,
108 ... magnetic gap, 109 ... field magnet,
10a, 10b .. Bypass magnetic pole, 10c ... connecting rod,
10d, 10e ··· Magnetic body salient pole extension 111 ··· Magnetic path of magnet plates 105 and 106,
112 ... main magnetic path, 113 ... bypass magnetic path,
114... Gap 121... Guide groove 122... Inner peripheral protrusion 131... Pin of guide plate 93... 132. ,
143... Connecting rods 144, 145... Rotating arms 151 and 152.. Magnetic salient poles 153... Permanent magnets 171, 172, 173 and 174. ..Bypass magnetic pole extension,
183 ... annular magnetic core, 184 ... magnetic core support,
185 ... Worm gears 191, 192 ... Magnetic salient poles, 193, 194 ... Magnetic magnetic salient pole extensions,
195, 196 .. Bypass magnetic pole 201 ... fixed shaft, 202 ... rotor housing,
203 ... bearings, 204 ... magnetic teeth,
205 ... cylindrical magnetic yoke, 206 ... armature coil,
207: Magnetic pole part, 208: Armature support part,
209... Substrate, 20a... Pulley portions 211 and 212 .. magnetic salient poles, 213.
214 ... Field magnet, 215, 216 ... Bypass magnetic pole,
217 ... annular magnetic core, 218 ... spring,
219: Non-magnetic part 221: Minute gap, 222: Main magnetic path,
223: Bypass magnetic path 231: Rotating electric machine shown in the first embodiment,
232 ... Hybrid car engine,
233 ... transmission, 234 ... control device,
235 ... Drive circuit, 236 ... Magnetic flux control circuit,
237 ... Rectifier circuit, 238 ... Battery,
239 ... rotating shaft, 23a ... driving shaft,
23b: Command from the host control device, 23c: Armature coil lead wire

Claims (26)

A rotary electric machine having an armature having an armature coil and a field portion having a plurality of magnetic salient poles that are relatively rotatable facing the armature and are arranged in the circumferential direction facing the armature. Thus, the surface magnetic pole part and the excitation part are arranged in the field magnet part, and the surface magnetic pole part is arranged on the side facing the armature and on the side not facing the armature while a plurality of magnetic salient poles are arranged in the circumferential direction. A magnetic salient pole extension and a bypass magnetic pole are arranged, and an excitation part is arranged between adjacent magnetic substance salient pole extensions and adjacent bypass magnetic poles, and a field magnet having circumferential magnetization is arranged between adjacent magnetic poles. Magnetic field poles adjacent to each other are magnetized differently from each other by reversing their circumferential magnetization, and the magnetic flux flowing into the magnetic salient pole extension is returned to the field magnet via the armature and adjacent magnetic salient pole. The magnetic flux flowing into the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic pole The bypass magnetic path that circulates in the field part is connected in parallel, and the field magnet is opposed to the magnetic salient pole extension and the bypass magnetic pole extension with either the surface magnetic pole part or the excitation part as the movable magnetic pole part. The movable magnetic pole portion is configured to be relatively deviated with respect to the remainder so that the respective facing areas can be changed while the sum of the areas to be maintained is constant, and the output so that the output of the rotating electrical machine system is optimized. The rotating magnetic machine system is characterized in that the amount of magnetic flux flowing in the armature is controlled due to the displacement of the movable magnetic pole portion according to 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, wherein a minimum magnetic force condition is set such that the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path are substantially equal to each other. 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic path from the field magnet to the magnetic salient pole includes a material having a larger eddy current loss than the magnetic salient pole so that the alternating magnetic flux does not easily pass. Rotating electrical machine system 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, wherein the bypass magnetic pole is disposed in an extending direction of the magnetic salient pole, and is configured such that an in-plane orthogonal to the circumferential direction can be deflected by using the exciting portion as a movable magnetic pole portion. Rotating electrical machine system 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, wherein the field portion and the armature face each other in the radial direction, the magnetic salient pole extension portion has a periodic cut portion in the axial direction, and a bypass magnetic pole is formed in the cut portion. The field magnet and the non-magnetic material that are circumferentially magnetized in the excitation part are periodically and alternately arranged in the axial direction, and the excitation part is configured to be movable in the axial direction with the movable magnetic pole part. Rotating electrical machine system characterized by 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, further comprising a magnetic resistance adjusting means for adjusting a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path so as to reduce a force necessary for biasing the movable magnetic pole portion. Rotating machine system, wherein the magnetic resistance of the path or bypass magnetic path is adjusted 7. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 6, wherein when the movable magnetic pole portion is biased, the magnetic resistance adjusting means adjusts the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path to be substantially equal to the minimum magnetic force condition. Rotating electrical machine system characterized by 7. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 6, wherein when the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is made smaller or the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path is made larger than the minimum magnetic force condition. When the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is reduced, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is adjusted to be larger than the minimum magnetic force condition or the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path is adjusted to be smaller than the minimum magnetic force condition. Rotating electrical machine system characterized by biasing 7. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 6, further comprising magnetic force detection means applied to the movable magnetic pole portion when the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path deviates from the minimum magnetic force condition, and can be changed intermittently. The parameter relating to the magnetic resistance adjusting means or the relationship between the parameter that changes during normal operation and the magnetic force is monitored, and the parameter for reducing the magnetic force is set as the minimum magnetic force condition parameter. Rotating electrical machine system characterized by 7. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 6, wherein the magnetoresistive adjusting means is composed of a gap length adjusting means for adjusting a gap length in a gap disposed in the bypass magnetic path, and is necessary for biasing the movable magnetic pole portion. The rotating electrical machine system is characterized in that the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path is adjusted so as to reduce the force. 7. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 6, wherein the magnetic resistance adjusting means is a means for adjusting a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path by supplying a predetermined current in a direction for accelerating or decelerating the rotor to the armature coil. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is effectively adjusted by supplying a predetermined current to the armature coil so as to reduce the force required for biasing the movable magnetic pole when the movable magnetic pole is biased. Rotating electrical machine system characterized by 7. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 6, wherein the magnetic resistance adjusting means is a predetermined constant current load, and when the movable magnetic pole portion is biased, the constant current load is connected to the armature coil, A rotating electrical machine system characterized in that a predetermined current is passed by an induced voltage so as to reduce the force required for biasing, and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is effectively adjusted. 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, further comprising a displacement restricting means for the movable magnetic pole portion, wherein a sum of an area where the field magnet faces the magnetic salient pole extension portion and an area where the magnetic pole portion faces the bypass magnetic pole is constant. A rotating electrical machine system characterized in that the relative deviation amount of the movable magnetic pole portion is regulated within a range in which the respective areas change while being maintained. 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, further comprising means for holding the bias position of the movable magnetic pole portion, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is controlled intermittently. 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, wherein a magnetic salient pole and a magnetic air gap are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction on the surface of the surface magnetic pole portion facing the armature so as to face the armature. Rotating electrical machine system characterized by In the rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, magnetic salient poles and permanent magnets having substantially circumferential magnetization are alternately arranged in a circumferential direction on a surface of the surface magnetic pole portion facing the armature. Adjacent permanent magnets are arranged with their magnetizations reversed so that adjacent magnetic salient poles are magnetized in opposite directions, and the magnetizing portions and permanent magnets are arranged with the same polarity to magnetize the magnetic salient poles. Rotating electrical machine system characterized by 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, wherein the collective permanent magnet is an equivalent permanent magnet in which permanent magnet plates having the same substantially circumferential magnetization are arranged on both sides of the intermediate magnetic salient pole. On the surface facing the armature, magnetic salient poles and collective permanent magnets are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. Adjacent collective permanent magnets reverse their magnetization so that adjacent magnetic salient poles are magnetized in opposite directions. The rotating electrical machine system is characterized in that the magnetizing portion and the assembly permanent magnet are arranged to have the same polarity for magnetizing the magnetic salient pole. The rotating electrical machine system according to any one of claims 1 to 17, further comprising a control device, wherein the rotational power is an input and the generated electric power is an output. When the generated voltage induced in the coil is greater than a predetermined value, the movable magnetic pole portion is biased to reduce the area where the field magnet and the magnetic salient pole extension face each other, and the generated voltage is less than the predetermined value. When it is small, the movable magnetic pole part is biased to increase the area where the field magnet and the magnetic salient pole extension face each other, and the generated voltage is controlled to a predetermined value. The rotating electrical machine system according to any one of claims 1 to 17, further comprising a control device, wherein the current supplied to the armature coil is input and the rotational force is output. When the control device reduces the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature when the rotational speed is higher than a predetermined value, the movable magnetic pole part is biased to reduce the area where the field magnet and the magnetic salient pole extension face each other. When the speed is less than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, the movable magnetic pole part is biased, and the rotational force is optimally controlled by increasing the area where the field magnet and the magnetic salient pole extension face each other. Rotating electrical machine system characterized by The rotating electrical machine system according to any one of claims 1 to 17, further comprising a control device, wherein the current supplied to the armature coil is input and the rotational force is output. When the rotational speed is decreased, the movable magnetic pole portion is biased so that the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased by the control device, and the area where the field magnet and the magnetic salient pole extension portion face each other is increased. Rotating electrical machinery system characterized in that rotational energy is extracted as generated power Has an armature having an armature coil and a field portion having a plurality of magnetic salient pole arranged in the armature and opposite to and armature opposite to the circumferential direction relatively rotatable, field The surface magnetic pole part has a plurality of magnetic salient poles on the surface facing the armature in the circumferential direction and the magnetic salient pole extension on the side not facing the armature. has a bypass magnetic pole, magnetic flux exciting section for controlling the magnetic flux amount flowing in the armature of a rotary electric machine configured with a field magnet arranged to magnetized in opposite polarities adjacent magnetic salient poles each other In the control method, the exciting part is arranged with a field magnet having circumferential magnetization between the magnetic salient pole extensions adjacent in the circumferential direction and between the bypass magnetic poles adjacent in the circumferential direction. The magnetic flux flowing from the magnetic salient pole extension to the other via the armature and the adjacent magnetic salient pole Parallel to the field magnet, the main magnetic path that circulates to the pole and the magnetic flux that flows from one magnetic pole of the field magnet to the bypass magnetic pole mainly circulates to the other magnetic pole via the adjacent bypass magnetic pole in the field part. Each of the surface magnetic pole part and the excitation part as a movable magnetic pole part, while maintaining the sum of the area where the field magnet is opposed to the magnetic salient pole extension and the area where the magnetic pole is opposed to the bypass magnetic pole is kept constant. The movable magnetic pole portion is configured to be relatively biased with respect to the remainder so as to change the magnetic field, and the movable magnetic pole portion is biased to control the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature.

The magnetic flux amount control method according to claim 21 includes the following steps. The minimum magnetic force condition is set such that the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path are substantially equal to each other. The magnetic flux amount control method according to claim 21 includes the following steps. Further, the magnetic resistance adjusting means for adjusting the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path is provided, and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path is adjusted so as to reduce the force necessary for the deviation of the movable magnetic pole portion. The magnetic flux amount control method according to claim 23 includes the following steps. When the movable magnetic pole portion is biased, the magnetic resistance adjusting means adjusts the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path to be substantially equal to the minimum magnetic force condition. The magnetic flux amount control method according to claim 23 includes the following steps. When increasing the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature, the magnetic resistance adjusting means adjusts the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path to be smaller or the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path to be larger than the minimum magnetic force condition, thereby reducing the magnetic flux flowing through the armature. The magnetic resistance adjusting means adjusts the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path to be larger or the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path to be smaller than the minimum magnetic force condition, and simultaneously biases the movable magnetic pole portion. The magnetic flux amount control method according to claim 23 includes the following steps. Further, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path has a detecting means for detecting the magnetic force applied to the movable magnetic pole part when the magnetic resistance deviates from the minimum magnetic force condition, and parameters related to the magnetic resistance adjusting means changed intermittently, or The relationship between the parameter that changes during normal operation and the magnetic force applied to the movable magnetic pole portion is monitored, and the parameter that reduces the magnetic force applied to the movable magnetic pole portion is set as the minimum magnetic force condition parameter.

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