JP2009268298A - Flux shunt control rotary electric machine system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a flux shunt control rotary electric machine system which is excellent in energy efficiency, in a magnet-excited rotary electric machine. <P>SOLUTION: The magnet-excited rotary electric machine system has an exciting part which collectively excites magnetic material salient poles magnetized into the same kind of polarity, and in a field magnet within the exciting part, a main magnetic path, which circulates the magnetic flux from the field magnet via an armature, and a bypass magnetic path, which circulates it within the magnetic path, are connected with each other in parallel, and it controls the quantity of magnetic flux flowing in the main magnetic path by mechanical bias. Hereby, a rotary electric machine and a magnetic flux quantity control method, which facilitate the control of the quantity of magnetic flux, are materialized. Furthermore, a means and a method for reducing the quantity of short circuit magnetic flux between both magnetic paths by adjusting the magnetic resistance of the above magnetic path and for making the force required for bias small are proposed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine having a permanent magnet field, and more particularly to a rotating electrical machine system that optimally controls output by field-weakening control.

  A generator for extracting electric power generated electromagnetically by the relative rotation of the permanent magnet field and the armature, or the permanent magnet field and the armature by the interaction between the magnetic field generated by the current supplied to the armature and the permanent magnet field Rotating electrical machines such as motors that produce relative rotation with the motor are energy efficient and are widely used on a daily basis with the technological advance of permanent magnets. However, since such a rotating electrical machine has a constant magnetic flux from the field, even if it is used as an electric motor or a generator, an optimum output is not always obtained in a wide rotational speed range. In other words, in the case of an electric motor, the back electromotive force (generated voltage) is too high in the high-speed rotation range, making control difficult, and various means for weakening field strength have been proposed as field weakening control. In the case of a generator, constant voltage power generation based on field current control or a constant voltage generation circuit using a semiconductor is used exclusively to bring the generated voltage to a predetermined level in a wide rotational speed range.

  In electric motors, field-weakening control based on lead phase current is widely adopted, but energy loss is increased because a current that does not directly contribute to rotation flows. When the control current excitation is used in combination with the permanent magnet excitation, the structure of the rotating electrical machine is complicated, and energy loss is additionally caused. Furthermore, in the case of generators, there is a problem that the cost burden of constant voltage electronic circuits with large power is large. Therefore, measures for reducing the cost of the entire apparatus by devising the configuration of the rotating electrical machine and minimizing the electronic circuit control have been sought before, and various proposals have been made.

  In the above proposed example, there is a method of effectively controlling the field strength by dividing the field rotator in half and relatively biasing the two field rotators in the circumferential direction (Patent Document 1). Although the relative bias can be mechanically maintained, there is an advantage that the energy loss for control is small. However, since the amount of field magnetic flux flowing into the armature does not change, there is a disadvantage that the eddy current loss is large in a high-speed rotation region. Another proposed example is a method of controlling magnetic flux by changing the magnetic resistance of a magnetic circuit including a field magnet (Patent Documents 2 and 3). As another proposed example, there is a method of controlling the short-circuit of the field magnet (Patent Documents 4, 5, and 6). In general, when a movable part exists in a magnetic circuit including a magnet, there is a magnetic force that tends to bias the movable part in a direction in which the magnetic flux flowing through the magnetic circuit is increased (a direction in which the magnetic resistance is reduced). A field magnet is a source for generating force or power in a rotating electrical machine. The above proposal is an attempt to directly control the source of these forces, which requires a large force to control the deviation of the mechanism and invites vibration or hunting of the member, and thus it is difficult to control precisely. In addition, it requires a high-power actuator and a control mechanism with excessive mechanical strength, which is difficult to realize.

  The present inventor previously proposed a method for controlling a permanent magnet field and a rotating electrical machine system according to Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-212673. These are structures in which the main magnetic path through which the magnetic flux passes through the armature side and the bypass magnetic path that does not pass through the armature are connected in parallel to the field magnet, and the amount of field magnetic flux that is diverted to the main magnetic path is changed by mechanism deviation. There are the following features. That is, (1) there is no fear of demagnetizing the field magnet, (2) it is possible to suppress the generation of magnetic force that hinders mechanism deviation during field control, and (3) mechanism means that can preserve the field conditions. (4) The field magnetic flux to the armature side can be reduced to near zero and eddy current loss can be suppressed, and (5) the field magnetic flux flowing through the magnetic salient pole facing the armature is brought to near zero. The configuration is such that all the magnetic bodies of the magnetic salient poles can be controlled to release reluctance torque, and so on.

However, at the mass production stage, each member varies within the tolerance range, changes over time, and the magnetic resistance of the magnetic path fluctuates due to the deviation of the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and bypass magnetic path from the design value depending on the operating condition. A magnetic force that prevents the mechanism deviation may appear. Further, if the difference between the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path becomes large, the amount of short-circuit magnetic flux between the magnetic paths becomes large, and the accuracy of the shunt control of the magnetic flux amount may be significantly impaired.
US Patent 3713015 "ALTERNATING CURRENT GENERATOR HAVING A TWIN PM ROTOR WHICH IS ADJUSTABLE IN RESPONSE TO OUTPUT VOLTAGE" Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-320864 “Synchronous Rotating Electric Machine and Control Method Therefor” JP 2004-328944 "Flux control generator" US Pat. No. 4,885,493 “Output voltage control apparatus of a permanent magnet alternator” Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-357357 “Permanent Magnet Type Motor and Washing Machine” JP 2006-246661 “Permanent Magnet Rotating Machine”

  Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rotating electrical machine system and a magnetic flux amount control capable of optimally controlling the output by reducing the short-circuit magnetic flux amount between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path and enabling precise magnetic flux amount control. Is to provide a method.

  In the rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention, the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature can be changed by mechanism deviation. The specific configuration is as follows.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an armature having an armature coil, a surface magnetic pole portion having a plurality of magnetic salient poles arranged in a circumferential direction so as to face the armature, and a magnetic projection magnetized to the same kind of polarity. A rotating electrical machine apparatus in which the surface magnetic pole part and the armature are relatively rotatable about an axis, and the excitation part comprises a field magnet and a main magnetic pole. And a bypass magnetic pole, and the main magnetic pole as the first field magnetic pole when one of the N or S poles of the field magnet is the first field magnetic pole and the other magnetic pole is the second field magnetic pole. The main magnetic path and the first field magnetic pole in which the magnetic flux flowing from the first field magnetic pole to the main magnetic pole circulates to the second field magnetic pole via the magnetic salient pole and armature. Bypass magnetic path in which the magnetic flux flowing into the bypass magnetic pole circulates mainly to the second field magnetic pole in the excitation part The magnetic resistance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is greater than the difference between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic resistance. Either the bypass magnetic pole unit or the field magnet is used as a movable magnetic pole portion, and the area where the first field magnetic pole faces the main magnetic pole and the sum of the areas facing the bypass magnetic pole are kept constant while the respective facing areas are changed. The movable magnetic pole portion is configured to be able to be biased relative to the rest so that the magnetic flux can flow, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing in the main magnetic path is deviated according to the output so that the output of the rotating electrical machine system is optimized. The rotating electrical machine system is characterized by being controlled.

  In the above configuration, the main magnetic pole and the bypass magnetic pole face the field magnet through a minute gap, and the magnetic flux is almost perpendicular to the boundary surface in the vicinity of the field magnet and the magnetic body. The amount of magnetic flux that flows into the main magnetic pole and bypass magnetic pole in a substantially laminar flow and is diverted to the main magnetic pole is proportional to the opposing area of the main magnetic pole and the field magnet. Furthermore, since the magnetic resistance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is configured to be greater than the difference between the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path, Even when a difference appears, the amount of short-circuit magnetic flux between magnetic paths can be kept small, and precise control of the amount of magnetic flux becomes possible. Even if the amount of magnetic flux flowing into the main magnetic path is changed, the risk of the field magnet being demagnetized is avoided because the bypass magnet path is connected to the field magnet. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path varies depending on the relative position between the magnetic salient pole and the magnetic tooth, but in the present invention, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is averaged for each relative position between the magnetic salient pole and the magnetic tooth. Is shown.

  However, there are many factors that fluctuate the magnetic resistance of the magnetic path. In other words, when the part size varies within the set tolerance at the mass production stage, the magnetic resistance of each magnetic path is fluctuated. However, since the magnetic permeability of the magnetic material is susceptible to temperature, the magnetic resistance of each magnetic path changes. Furthermore, when a current flows through the armature coil, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path effectively varies. Since the magnetic resistance of each magnetic path fluctuates in this way, the magnetic resistance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is the main magnetic path in accordance with the specifications of the rotating electrical machine system in the stationary state of the rotor or average operating conditions. And set to be larger than the difference between the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path.

  The rotating electric machine has a structure in which the field part rotates and the armature stops and vice versa, and a cylindrical armature and the field part face each other with a gap in the radial direction, or a substantially disk-like structure. There are any structures such as a structure in which the armature and the field part face each other in the axial direction with a gap. The present invention can be applied to any of the above-described rotating electric machines having a permanent magnet excitation field portion. A rotating electric machine is an electric motor if a current to the armature coil is input and a rotational force is output, and a rotating electric machine is a generator if a current is output from the armature coil using the rotational force as an input. There is an optimum magnetic pole configuration in the electric motor or the generator, but it is reversible, and the rotating electrical machine system described above is applied to both the electric motor and the generator.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, the minimum magnetic force condition is set such that the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path are substantially equal to each other. To do. By setting the minimum magnetic force condition that the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path are substantially equal to each other, the amount of short-circuit magnetic flux between the magnetic paths can be kept small. Further, since the total amount of magnetic flux from the field magnet is kept constant, the magnetic force that prevents the displacement of the movable magnetic pole portion can be reduced to enable precise magnetic flux amount control. The meaning of “substantially equal” is that both magnetic paths are used so that the amount of short-circuit magnetic flux is suppressed to an allowable level in accordance with the specifications of the rotating electrical machine system, or the magnetic force that prevents the bias is suppressed below the output of the actuator used for the bias. Is set to the minimum magnetic force condition.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, further comprising a magnetic resistance adjusting means for adjusting a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path, between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path is adjusted so that the magnetic resistance becomes larger than the difference between the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path. A difference between the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path by adjusting the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path after manufacturing or operation of the rotating electrical machine having the magnetic resistance adjusting means. Is proposed to enable precise control of the magnetic flux, and it is adapted to the reluctance of the magnetic path that changes depending on the operating conditions of the rotating electrical machine. As specific means and methods for adjusting the magnetic resistance, a change control of the dimensions of the magnetic air gap arranged in a part of the magnetic path and a control of energizing the coil wound around the magnetic path are proposed. Furthermore, a method of controlling the magnetic characteristics of the magnetic material using temperature or magnetic saturation is also possible.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the third aspect of the present invention, the magnetic resistance adjusting means includes air gap length adjusting means in the air gap in the bypass magnetic path. The gap length adjusting means changes the gap length by changing the position of the member constituting the gap provided in the bypass magnetic path. Adjustment after the assembly of the rotating electrical machine or adjustment control during operation using an actuator.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the third aspect, the magnetic resistance adjusting coil is wound around a bypass magnetic path as the magnetic resistance adjusting means. A magnetoresistive adjustment coil is disposed in the bypass magnetic path, and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path is effectively adjusted by the amount of current supplied.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the rotating electrical machine system according to the third aspect, further comprising means for detecting the magnetic force applied to the movable magnetic pole portion when the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path deviates from the minimum magnetic force condition. The magnetic resistance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is adjusted by adjusting the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path by the magnetic resistance adjusting means so that the magnetic force falls within a predetermined range. It is characterized by being larger than the difference between the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is affected by the deviation position of the movable magnetic pole, and is also affected by changes in the magnetic characteristics due to temperature and changes over time. The present invention has a magnetic force detection means that appears when the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path deviates from the minimum magnetic force condition, detects the degree of difference in the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path, Control the magnetic resistance adjusting means. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is set to the minimum magnetic force condition in a stationary state or average operating condition, and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is continuously adjusted according to the present invention. If this is done, the amount of short-circuit magnetic flux between the magnetic paths can always be kept small, and the magnetic force that prevents the bias can be kept small, so that precise magnetic flux amount control can be realized.

  A seventh aspect of the present invention is the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, wherein a part of the magnetic path from the magnetic magnet to the magnetic salient pole is made of a magnetic material larger than the average conductivity of the magnetic salient pole. It is characterized by being done. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path effectively pulsates due to the current flowing through the armature coil according to the relative relationship between the magnetic salient pole and the magnetic teeth, and magnetic flux leakage and magnetic force are generated between the pulsating magnetic paths. . In the present invention, it is natural to set the shape and arrangement so as to reduce the magnetic flux leakage between both magnetic paths, and further, part or all of the magnetic path from the field magnet to the magnetic salient pole It has been proposed that it is made of a material having an average conductivity higher than that of a high frequency band AC magnetic flux. With this configuration, pulsating magnetic flux leakage between magnetic paths can be reduced and precise magnetic flux amount control can be performed.

  According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect of the present invention, the movable magnetic pole portion further includes a displacement restricting means, the area where the first field magnetic pole of the field magnet faces the main magnetic pole, and the bypass magnetic pole The relative deviation amount of the movable magnetic pole portion is regulated within a range in which the respective areas change while the sum of the areas facing each other is kept constant. The relative deviation of the movable magnetic pole is proportional to the amount of field magnetic flux shunted to the main pole, simplifying the flux control.

  The invention according to claim 9 is the rotating electrical machine system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a control device, wherein the rotational force is input and the generated power is output. Thus, when the generated voltage induced in the armature coil by the control device is larger than a predetermined value, the movable magnetic pole portion is biased to reduce the area where the first field magnetic pole and the main magnetic pole face each other. Rotation is characterized in that when the value is smaller than a predetermined value, the movable magnetic pole portion is biased to increase the area where the first field magnetic pole and the main magnetic pole face each other, and the generated voltage is controlled to a predetermined value. Electric system. A constant generation voltage can be obtained over a wide range of rotation speeds, and an expensive voltage control device is not required, improving energy efficiency.

  A tenth aspect of the present invention is the rotating electrical machine system according to any one of the first to eighth aspects, further comprising a control device, wherein the current supplied to the armature coil is input and the rotational force is output. In a rotating electrical machine system, when the control device reduces the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature when the rotational speed is greater than a predetermined value, the movable magnetic pole portion is biased so that the area where the first field magnetic pole and the main magnetic pole face each other is reduced. When the rotational speed is lower than the predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, the movable magnetic pole part is biased and the area where the first field magnetic pole and the main magnetic pole face each other is increased to optimize the rotational force. It is a rotating electrical machine system characterized by being controlled by The motor output is optimally controlled over a wide rotational speed range.

  An eleventh aspect of the present invention is the rotating electrical machine system according to any one of the first to eighth aspects, further comprising a control device, wherein the supply current to the armature coil is input and the rotational force is output. In a rotating electrical machine system, when the rotational speed is reduced, the movable magnetic pole portion is biased so that the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased by the control device, and the area where the first field magnetic pole and the main magnetic pole face each other Is characterized in that the rotational energy is taken out as generated power. An electric motor with improved regenerative braking capability and improved overall energy efficiency is provided.

  According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an armature having an armature coil, a surface magnetic pole portion having a plurality of magnetic salient poles arranged in the circumferential direction so as to face the armature, and a magnetic projection that is magnetized to the same kind of polarity. A field control method for a rotating electrical machine apparatus, in which a surface magnetic pole part and an armature are relatively rotatable about an axis, and each of the field magnets is magnetized at once. The magnetic flux flowing from the magnetic pole to the main magnetic pole circulates to the other magnetic pole of the field magnet via the magnetic salient pole and armature, and the magnetic flux flowing from one magnetic pole of the field magnet to the bypass magnetic pole is mainly excited. A bypass magnetic path that circulates to the other magnetic pole of the field magnet in the section is connected in parallel to the field magnet, and the magnetic resistance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path. Larger than the difference between the main pole and bypass pole unit. Alternatively, any one of the field magnets is used as a movable magnetic pole portion, and the movable magnetic pole portion is biased so as to change the respective areas while keeping the sum of the area where the field magnet faces the main magnetic pole and the area opposed to the bypass magnetic pole constant. Controls the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature.

  A magnetic flux amount control method in a magnet-excited rotating electrical machine system, wherein a field magnet that excites a magnetic salient pole passes through a magnetic salient pole and an armature side, and a bypass magnetic path that does not pass through the armature side Are connected in parallel, the main magnetic path connected to the main magnetic path, and the opposing area of the bypass magnetic pole connected to the bypass magnetic path and the magnetic pole of the field magnet are changed by the mechanism bias, so that the main magnetic path, that is, the armature side Controls the amount of magnetic flux flowing through. Furthermore, since the magnetic resistance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is larger than the difference between the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path, the amount of short-circuit magnetic flux between the magnetic paths is small. This makes it possible to control the amount of magnetic flux precisely. Even if the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the main magnetic path is changed, there is little concern that the field magnet will be demagnetized because the magnetic path is connected to the field magnet.

  According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the field control method according to the twelfth aspect includes the following steps. The minimum magnetic force condition is set so that the magnetic resistances of the bypass magnetic path and the main magnetic path are substantially equal. By setting the minimum magnetic force condition that the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path are substantially equal to each other, the amount of short-circuit magnetic flux between the magnetic paths can be kept small. Further, since the total amount of magnetic flux from the field magnet is kept constant, the magnetic force that prevents the displacement of the movable magnetic pole portion can be reduced to enable precise magnetic flux amount control.

  According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, the magnetic flux amount control method according to the twelfth aspect includes the following steps. Further, the magnetic resistance adjusting means for adjusting the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path is provided, and the magnetic resistance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is between the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path is adjusted so as to be larger than the difference between the two. A difference between the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path by adjusting the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path after manufacturing or operation of the rotating electrical machine having the magnetic resistance adjusting means. Is proposed to enable precise control of the magnetic flux, and it is adapted to the reluctance of the magnetic path that changes depending on the operating conditions of the rotating electrical machine. As specific means and methods for adjusting the magnetic resistance, a change control of the dimensions of the magnetic air gap arranged in a part of the magnetic path and a control of energizing the coil wound around the magnetic path are proposed. Furthermore, a method of controlling the magnetic characteristics of the magnetic material using temperature or magnetic saturation is also possible.

  A fifteenth aspect of the invention includes the following steps in the magnetic flux amount control method of the fourteenth aspect. In addition, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is detected by means of detecting the magnetic force applied to the movable magnetic pole when the magnetic resistance deviates from the minimum magnetic force condition, and the magnetic resistance is adjusted so that the magnetic force falls within a predetermined range. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path is adjusted by means so that the magnetic resistance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is larger than the difference between the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path. . The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is affected by the deviation position of the movable magnetic pole, and is also affected by changes in the magnetic characteristics due to temperature and changes over time. The present invention has a magnetic force detection means that appears when the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path deviates from the minimum magnetic force condition, detects the degree of difference in the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path, Control the magnetic resistance adjusting means. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is set to the minimum magnetic force condition in a stationary state or average operating condition, and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is continuously adjusted according to the present invention. If this is done, the amount of short-circuit magnetic flux between the magnetic paths can always be kept small, and the magnetic force that prevents the bias can be kept small, so that precise magnetic flux amount control can be realized.

  In the rotating electrical machine system with permanent magnet excitation, the magnetic salient pole is supplied with field magnetic flux from the exciting part, and the magnetic flux of the field magnet is controlled to be shunted to the main magnetic path and bypass magnetic path by mechanism deviation. The amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature can be controlled by suppressing the magnetic flux short circuit between the magnetic paths and further suppressing the magnetic force that hinders mechanism deviation. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path that passes through the magnetic salient pole and armature effectively varies while the rotating electrical machine is operating as a motor or generator, and further varies depending on the member size tolerance during mass production. The rotating electrical machine system can be effectively adjusted and controlled to the setting conditions of the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and bypass magnetic path after assembly or during operation. According to the present invention, even when the characteristics vary at the stage of mass production due to various factors, the magnetic flux short circuit between the magnetic paths is suppressed, and the magnetic force can be suppressed and the magnetic flux amount can be precisely controlled when the mechanism is deviated. According to the present invention, field-weakening control in a rotating magnet system with permanent magnet excitation is facilitated, and a rotating electrical machine system that optimally controls output with high energy efficiency can be realized.

  In the following, a rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, with regard to embodiments, principles and actions.

  A rotating electrical machine system according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The first embodiment is a rotor with a simple magnetic pole configuration having magnetic salient poles and magnetic gaps alternately in the circumferential direction, and is a rotating electrical machine system in which an excitation unit is arranged inside the rotor. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a rotating electric machine, FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an armature and a rotor, FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing the configuration of the rotor, and FIG. 4 shows a flow of magnetic flux in the vicinity of a field magnet. FIG. 5 is a model diagram of a magnetic circuit including a field magnet, and FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a rotating electrical machine system that performs field weakening control.

  FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotating electrical machine having a radial gap structure, and a rotating shaft 11 is rotatably supported by a housing 12 via a bearing 13. The armature includes a cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 fixed to the housing 12, a plurality of magnetic teeth 14 extending in the radial direction from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15, and an armature coil 16 wound around the magnetic teeth 14. Has been. The rotor includes a surface magnetic pole portion 17 in which magnetic salient poles and magnetic air gap portions are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, a first extension portion 18 in which adjacent magnetic salient poles are extended in mutually different directions, and a second extension. Part 19.

  An excitation part is disposed inside the surface magnetic pole part 17 of the rotor and is coupled to the first extension part 18 and the second extension part 19 to magnetize the adjacent magnetic salient poles different from each other. The main part of the excitation part is composed of a field magnet 1a, a main magnetic pole 1b, a bypass magnetic pole 1c, and a base magnetic pole 1e. The field magnet 1a is fixed to the excitation part support 1d, and the field magnet 1a and the excitation part support 1d. Is arranged between the main magnetic pole 1b, the bypass magnetic pole 1c and the base magnetic pole 1e, and is configured to be slidable in the axial direction as a movable magnetic pole portion. The field magnet 1a, the main magnetic pole 1b, the bypass magnetic pole 1c, the base magnetic pole 1e, and the excitation unit support 1d are made of a cylindrical magnetic material.

  The bias control means for biasing the field magnet 1a and the excitation unit support 1d in the axial direction includes a spring 1g as a main part, a control rod 1k housed in a hollow part of the rotating shaft 11, a push rod 1m, and an actuator 1n. The pin 1f fixed to the excitation unit support 1d is in contact with the control rod 1k through the slit 1j of the rotating shaft 11. The cylindrical non-magnetic body 1h is arranged as a means for regulating the deflection range of the field magnet 1a. Reference numeral 1p indicates a cooling fan.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along A-A ′ in FIG. 1, and in order to explain the mutual relationship, some of the components are shown with numbers. The armature is wound around the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 fixed to the housing 12, a plurality of magnetic teeth 14 extending radially from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 and having a magnetic gap in the circumferential direction, and the magnetic teeth 14. Armature coil 16. In this embodiment, the armature coil 16 is composed of nine pieces, which are connected in three phases. A saturable magnetic material coupling portion 26 that is short in the radial direction is provided between adjacent magnetic material teeth 14 at the tips of the magnetic teeth 14 of the armature. The magnetic teeth 74 and the saturable magnetic coupling portion 26 are formed by punching and stacking a silicon steel plate with a mold, winding the armature coil 16, and then combining with the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 to form an armature.

  The saturable magnetic material coupling portion 26 is integrated with the magnetic material teeth 14 to improve the support strength of the magnetic material teeth 14 and suppress unnecessary vibration of the magnetic material teeth 14. Since the length of the saturable magnetic body coupling portion 26 in the radial direction is set to be short and easily magnetically saturated, it is easily saturated by the magnetic flux generated by the armature coil 16 or the magnetic flux from the field magnet. In this case, the magnetic flux generated by the armature coil 16 and the short circuit of the magnetic flux are set to a small amount. When a current is supplied to the armature coil 16, the saturable magnetic body coupling portion 26 is magnetically saturated with time, and magnetic flux leaks to the periphery, but the effective magnetic field appears in the magnetically saturated saturable magnetic body coupling portion 26. Since the boundary of the magnetic gap is not clear, the distribution of the magnetic flux that leaks becomes gentle, and the saturable magnetic material coupling part 26 also contributes to vibration suppression by slowing the time change of the force applied to the magnetic material teeth 14 in this respect as well. .

  In FIG. 2, the rotor has a structure in which magnetic salient poles and magnetic gaps are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. Adjacent magnetic salient poles are represented by numbers 21 and 22, and magnetic gaps are designated by number 23. Show. Reference numeral 24 denotes a magnetic flux channel portion. In this embodiment, the magnetic salient poles 21 and 22 have a small cross-sectional area, so that the magnetic field channel 24 can be easily propagated in the axial direction as the magnetic flux channel portion 24 having the largest possible cross-sectional area by utilizing the empty space on the inner peripheral side. It is configured. The magnetic salient poles 21 and 22 are formed by punching and laminating silicon steel plates with a predetermined type as a structure connected by a narrow saturable magnetic part 25. The portion of the nonmagnetic material including the magnetic gap 23 is filled with a material, resin, resin or the like that is nonmagnetic and has a large specific resistance.

  In this embodiment, a magnetic flux channel portion 24 having a large cross-sectional area and made of iron having a high saturation magnetic flux density is disposed on the magnetic salient pole on the side farther from the armature by utilizing the space available in the rotor. . The magnetic salient pole is composed of a stack of silicon steel plates, and the magnetic resistance in the stacking direction of the stacked silicon steel plates is large, but the magnetic flux channel portion 24 can propagate the field magnetic flux along the rotation axis 11.

  FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing the configuration of the rotor. In order to facilitate understanding, the central portion having the magnetic salient poles 21 and 22 and the first and second extension portions 18 and 19 of the magnetic salient pole are shown apart. Reference numeral 11 ′ denotes a hole through which the rotary shaft 11 passes. The first extension 18 includes a magnetic protrusion 31 that is an extension of the magnetic salient pole 21 by press-molding soft iron, and the nonmagnetic member 33 is formed of stainless steel having no magnetism. Yes. The second extension 19 is formed by pressing a soft iron and having a magnetic projection 32 that is an extension of the magnetic salient pole 22, and the non-magnetic portion 34 is made of stainless steel having no magnetism. Yes. Reference numeral 35 denotes a part of the excitation unit.

  The configuration of the excitation unit is shown in a longitudinal sectional view in FIG. The main component of the exciting part is cylindrical, the main magnetic pole 1b and the bypass magnetic pole 1c are arranged side by side in the axial direction, the main magnetic pole 1b is coupled to the second extension 19, and the bypass magnetic pole 1c is the first extension 18. And are connected through a minute gap. The base magnetic pole 1e is coupled to the first extension 18, and the base magnetic pole 1e is magnetically coupled to the excitation unit support 1d via a minute gap. The field magnet 1a is fixed to the excitation unit support 1d and is slidably disposed between the main magnetic pole 1b, the bypass magnetic pole 1c, and the base magnetic pole 1e. The field magnet 1a has a radial magnetization, and an arrow indicates the magnetization direction.

  The main magnet path and the bypass magnetic path, which are two magnetic circuits, are connected in parallel to the field magnet 1a. The main magnetic path is the main magnetic pole 1b, the second extension 19, the magnetic salient pole 22, and the magnetism. The body teeth 14, the magnetic salient pole 21, the first extension 18, the base magnetic pole 1 e, and the excitation part support 1 d, and the bypass magnetic path is the bypass magnetic pole 1 c, the first extension 18, the base magnetic pole 1 e, and the excitation part support It is composed of a body 1d. The magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path is set to be substantially equal to the average value of the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path by adjusting the length of the minute gap between the bypass magnetic pole 1c and the first extension 18. As the field magnet 1a deviates in the axial direction, the opposing area of the main pole 1b changes and flows into the main magnetic path while keeping the sum of the areas where the field magnet 1a faces the main pole 1b and the bypass pole 1c constant. The amount of magnetic flux to be changed can be changed. In addition, since the total amount of magnetic flux flowing from the field magnet 1a at that time is kept constant, the magnetic force that resists the bias of the field magnet 1a does not appear theoretically.

  The lengths of the main magnetic pole 1b and the bypass magnetic pole 1c are larger than the length of the field magnet 1a. However, the non-magnetic material 1h of the cylindrical shape causes the field magnet 1a to have a range of deviation so that it always faces the main magnetic pole 1b and the bypass magnetic pole 1c. It is regulated. The sum of the opposing areas of the field magnet 1a, the main magnetic pole 1b, and the bypass magnetic pole 1c is constant, and these areas change according to the deviation, and the amount of magnetic flux shunted to the main magnetic path and the amount of deviation of the field magnet 1a are It is almost proportional.

  The magnetic flux from the field magnet 1a flows into the main magnetic pole 1b and the bypass magnetic pole 1c in a laminar flow, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the main magnetic pole 1b is proportional to the area where the field magnet 1a and the main magnetic pole 1b face each other. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion where the field magnet 1a, the main magnetic pole 1b, and the bypass magnetic pole 1c shown in FIG. 1 face each other. The magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path is smaller than the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path. The magnetic flux distribution near the field magnet 1a is shown as a model. In the figure, the direction of the arrow indicates the direction in which the magnetic flux flows assuming that the magnetic flux flows out of the N pole of the field magnet 1a. In the minute gap 41 between the field magnet 1a, the main magnetic pole 1b, and the bypass magnetic pole 1c, the magnetic flux flows in a laminar flow substantially orthogonal to the boundary surfaces of the field magnet 1a, the main magnetic pole 1b, and the bypass magnetic pole 1c. The magnetic flux that flows into the main magnetic path 1b through the main magnetic pole 1b and numeral 44 represents the magnetic flux that flows into the bypass magnetic pole 1c and flows through the bypass magnetic path. Reference numeral 45 represents the magnetic flux flowing from the field magnet 1a into the main magnetic pole 1b through the gap 42 between the main magnetic pole 1b and the bypass magnetic pole 1c and flowing into the bypass magnetic path 1c as a representative. Yes. Thus, if the difference between the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is large, there is a magnetic flux leaking from the main magnetic path to the bypass magnetic path, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the main magnetic path is not necessarily a field magnet. It is not proportional to the area where 1a and the main pole 1b face each other.

  In this embodiment, the magnetic resistance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is configured to be larger than the difference between the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path under average operating conditions. Since the distance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is the shortest between the main magnetic pole 1b and the bypass magnetic pole 1c, the magnetism between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is set by setting the shape and dimension between the main magnetic pole 1b and the bypass magnetic pole 1c. Set the resistance. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the shape of the air gap 42 is set so that the air gap length increases at a position away from the field magnet 1a, and the magnetoresistance between the main magnetic pole 1b and the bypass magnetic pole 1c is averaged. The dimension is set to be larger than the difference between the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path under the conditions. As a result, the magnetic flux leaking in a short-circuit between the main magnetic pole 1b and the bypass magnetic pole 1c indicated by numeral 45 is reduced, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the main magnetic path is accurately set to the area where the field magnet 1a and the main magnetic pole 1b are opposed to each other. Is proportional to

  FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing a magnetic circuit including the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4 and the field magnet 1a. The field magnet 1a is shown as an assembly in which a large number of current sources are connected in parallel to face the main magnetic pole 1b and the bypass magnetic pole 1c, and the magnetic flux flowing from the field magnet 1a to the main magnetic pole 1b flows through the magnetic resistance 51. A main magnetic path that circulates through the base magnetic pole 1e and a bypass magnetic path in which the magnetic flux flowing into the bypass magnetic pole 1c flows through the magnetic resistance 52 and circulates through the base magnetic pole 1e are shown. Reference numeral 53 indicates the magnetic resistance between the magnetic paths, and reference numeral 54 indicates the direction in which the field magnet 1a deviates. The magnetic resistance 51 of the main magnetic path and the magnetic resistance 52 of the bypass magnetic path are configured so that the portions away from the field magnet 1a are dominant, and the distance between the two magnetic paths is the smallest in the main magnetic pole 1b, Since it is between the bypass magnetic poles 1c, the magnetic resistance 53 between the magnetic paths is arranged between the main magnetic pole 1b and the bypass magnetic pole 1c. FIG. 4 shows the state of magnetic flux leakage when the magnetic resistance 52 is smaller than the magnetic resistance 51. However, as can be seen from the model magnetic circuit of FIG. If it is set larger than the difference from the magnetic resistance 52, the magnetic flux flowing through the magnetic resistance 53 can be reduced.

  In this embodiment, the magnetic resistance between the two magnetic paths is made larger by the difference in magnetic resistance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path, and the amount of magnetic flux leaking in a short circuit between the magnetic paths is suppressed. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is effectively changed by the current flowing through the armature coil 16. When the rotating electrical machine device is used as a motor, the current supplied to the armature coil 16 according to the position of the magnetic salient poles 21 and 22 and the magnetic teeth 14 or the magnetic salient pole 21 when used as a generator. , 22 and the magnetic teeth 14 according to the position of the armature coil 16 in response to the position of the armature coil 16, a high frequency AC magnetic flux flows, and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path effectively varies. The magnetoresistance variation is undesirable because it induces pulsating flux leakage between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the first and second extensions 18 and 19 of the magnetic salient poles are formed of soft iron blocks. A soft iron block has a higher electrical conductivity than a magnetic salient pole made of a laminated body of silicon steel plates, and it is difficult for AC magnetic flux to pass through.

  Generally, when there is a movable part in a part of the magnetic circuit including the magnet, the magnet that moves the movable part in the direction to increase the amount of magnetic flux (which means the same as the direction to decrease the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit). Power appears. Prior to the present invention, for the purpose of controlling the field magnetic flux, there are many proposals for biasing a part of the magnetic circuit to short-circuit the field magnet or change the magnetic resistance of the magnetic path. However, the field magnet is a source for generating magnet torque or electric power in the rotating electric machine, and the magnetic force that prevents the deviation is large, making it difficult to precisely control the amount of magnetic flux. With the configuration of the present invention described above, the magnetic force is suppressed to be small, and precise control of the amount of magnetic flux becomes possible.

  In the present embodiment, the field magnet 1a is configured to face the main magnetic pole 1b and the bypass magnetic pole 1c through a minute gap. It is difficult to configure the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path to be exactly the same, and it is opposed to the main magnetic pole 1b and the bypass magnetic pole 1c through the magnetic material from the field magnet 1a because there is a difference in magnetic resistance between the two. Then, the magnetic flux from the field magnet 1a is divided in the magnetic body according to the magnetic resistance of each magnetic path, and the magnetic flux flowing through the main magnetic path is proportional to the facing area between the field magnet 1a and the main magnetic pole 1b. This makes it difficult to control the amount of magnetic flux. When the field magnet 1a is opposed to the main magnetic pole 1b and the bypass magnetic pole 1c through the magnetic material due to structural limitations, the magnetic material has a strong anisotropic magnetic material or a thin magnetic material. However, it is difficult to divert. This configuration is included in the spirit of the present invention in that the magnetic flux is substantially shunted at the end face of the field magnet 1a.

  The configuration of the bias control means for biasing the field magnet 1a will be described with reference to FIG. The three pins 1f fixed to the exciter support 1d are in contact with the control rod 1k through three slits 1j provided on the rotary shaft 11, and the control rod 1k slides in the hollow portion of the rotary shaft 11 in the axial direction. It is configured to be in contact with the push rod 1m of the actuator 1n. The spring 1g urges the excitation unit support 1d to the right, and the actuator 1n biases the push rod 1m to the left and right in the axial direction. Therefore, the excitation unit support 1d and the field magnet 1a are axially moved by the actuator 1n. Be biased. In this embodiment, the actuator 1n uses a step motor and a screw mechanism, and the push rod 1m is biased left and right in FIG. 1 by the rotation of the step motor. When the step motor is not driven, the axial position of the push rod 1m is determined. It is preserved.

  As described above, in the rotating electrical machine shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, it has been explained that the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature can be controlled by making the field magnet 1a relatively displaced with respect to the main magnetic pole 1b and the bypass magnetic pole 1c. The first embodiment is a system that controls the amount of magnetic flux to optimize the output, and the control as a rotating electrical machine system will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a rotating electrical machine system that performs magnetic flux amount control. In FIG. 6, the rotating electrical machine 61 has an input 62 and an output 63, and the control device 65 receives the status signal 64 including the output 63 of the rotating electrical machine 61 and the positions of the main magnetic pole 1b and the bypass magnetic pole 1c as a control signal. The amount of magnetic flux is controlled via 66. Reference numeral 67 denotes a drive control circuit for the armature coil 16. If the rotating electrical machine 61 is used as a generator, the input 62 is a rotational force and the output 63 is generated power. If the rotating electrical machine 61 is used as an electric motor, the input 62 is a drive current supplied from the drive control circuit 67 to the armature coil 16, and the output 63 is a rotational torque and a rotational speed.

  An explanation will be given of an electric motor system that performs field-weakening control and optimally controls the rotational force when the rotating electric machine is used as an electric motor. When the rotational speed, which is the output 63, is greater than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is reduced, the control device 65 causes the actuator 1n to bias the push rod 1m in the left direction so that the main magnetic pole 1b The facing area of the field magnet 1a is made small. When the rotational speed is smaller than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, the control signal 66 causes the push rod 1m to be biased to the right by the actuator 1n, so that the opposing area of the main magnetic pole 1b and the field magnet 1a is increased. Make it big.

  A constant voltage power generation system that controls the generated voltage to be a predetermined voltage by performing field-weakening control when the rotating electrical machine is used as a generator will be described. When the generated voltage as the output 63 is greater than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is reduced, the control device 65 causes the actuator 1n to bias the push rod 1m to the left by the actuator 1n, and the main magnetic pole 1b. The facing area of the field magnet 1a is made small. When the generated voltage is less than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, the control signal 66 causes the actuator 1n to bias the push rod 1m in the right direction so that the opposing area of the main pole 1b and the field magnet 1a is increased. Make it big.

  A rotating electrical machine system according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The second embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system having a single pole rotor having a radial gap structure and an outer rotor structure. The exciting part is disposed on the stationary side of the rotating electric machine adjacent to the armature in the axial direction, and has a magnetic resistance adjusting means for a bypass magnetic path. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the rotating electrical machine, FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing the armature and the rotor, FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the configuration of the excitation unit, and FIG. 10 is a plan view showing the rotationally biased main pole and bypass pole. FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing a part of the bias control means.

  FIG. 7 shows an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotating electrical machine having an outer rotor structure, in which a magnetic salient pole is disposed on a rotor and an armature is disposed on a fixed shaft. A fixed shaft 71 is fixed to the substrate 72, an armature is fixed to the fixed shaft 71, and a magnetic salient pole is mounted on an iron rotor housing 79, which is a magnetic body rotatably supported on the fixed shaft 71 via a bearing 73. 77 is arranged. The armature includes a cylindrical magnetic yoke 75 fixed to the fixed shaft 71, a plurality of magnetic teeth 74 extending radially from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 75, and an armature coil 76 wound around the magnetic teeth 74. It is configured. The rotor housing 79 of the rotor has a pulley portion 78 for transmitting rotational force with an external device. The rotor housing 79 has a magnetic salient pole 77 and a magnetic gap portion facing the magnetic material teeth 74 in the circumferential direction. Alternatingly arranged.

  An exciting part that magnetizes the magnetic salient pole 77 is arranged around the fixed shaft 71 and aligned with the armature, and the main part is composed of a field magnet 7a, a main magnetic pole 7b, a bypass magnetic pole 7c, and a base magnetic pole 7d. The main magnetic pole 7b and the bypass magnetic pole 7c are supported by the excitation portion support portion 7f, and the excitation portion support portion 7f is rotatably supported by the fixed shaft 71. An arrow in the field magnet 7a indicates the direction of magnetization, and a number 7e indicates a gap between the extension of the bypass magnetic pole 7c and the movable base magnetic pole 7m. The gap length adjusting means for the gap 7e includes a movable base magnetic pole 7m, a base magnetic pole adjusting screw 7n provided on the armature support portion 7q, and an actuator 7p.

  The fixed shaft 71 has a hollow structure and has a control rod 7g slidably disposed in the hollow portion, and the control rod 7g is configured to be biased in the circumferential direction by an actuator 7h. The fixed shaft 71 has a slit portion 7j that penetrates the hollow portion, and the pin 7k fixed to the excitation portion support portion 7f through the slit portion 7j engages with the control rod 7g, and the excitation portion is caused by the rotational deviation of the control rod 7g. The support portion 7f, the main magnetic pole 7b, and the bypass magnetic pole 7c are configured to be rotationally biased. Reference numeral 7r denotes a torque sensor.

  FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along B-B ′ in FIG. 7, and some of the components are numbered for explaining the mutual relationship. The armature includes a cylindrical magnetic yoke 75 fixed to the armature support 7q, a plurality of magnetic teeth 74 extending in a radial direction from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 75 and having a magnetic gap in the circumferential direction, and a magnetic tooth 74 The armature coil 76 is wound. In the first embodiment, the armature coil is composed of 24 armature coils 76, which are connected in three phases. The magnetic teeth 74 and the cylindrical magnetic yoke 75 are formed by punching out from a silicon steel plate with a predetermined mold and then laminated, and an armature coil 76 is wound around the magnetic teeth 74 and the cylindrical magnetic yoke 75.

  In FIG. 8, the rotor has eight magnetic salient poles 77 laminated with silicon steel plates facing the magnetic material teeth 74 inside the rotor housing 79 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The gap between the magnetic salient poles 77 is a magnetic gap, which is simply configured as a gap. However, when windage damages energy efficiency or sound generation due to high-speed rotation, the specific resistance is large and nonmagnetic resin, resin, etc. Can be placed. Although no field magnet is arranged on the rotor, the magnetic salient pole 77 is magnetically coupled to one magnetic pole of the field magnet 7a and the magnetic teeth 74 are magnetically coupled to the other magnetic pole and magnetized by the excitation unit. Yes. Such a configuration is a single-pole rotating electric machine, and although it is difficult to use as a motor or a generator, there is an advantage that the configuration is simple.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the excitation unit shown in FIG. 7 and the principle of magnetic flux amount control. 9A is a plan view including the field magnet 7a viewed from the main magnetic pole 7b and the bypass magnetic pole 7c side, and FIG. 9B includes the main magnetic pole 7b and the bypass magnetic pole 7c viewed from the rotor housing 79 side. It is a top view. In FIG. 7 and FIG. 9A, three field magnets 7a are arranged in the circumferential direction with a magnetic gap 91 therebetween. The magnetization direction of each field magnet 7a is an axial direction as shown by an arrow in FIG. 7, and the second magnetic pole is a base with the two magnetic poles of the field magnet 7a as the first field magnetic pole and the second field magnetic pole. The first magnetic field pole is magnetically coupled to the rotor housing 79 via the opposing main magnetic pole 7b.

  As shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 9B, the main magnetic pole 7b and the bypass magnetic pole 7c are rotatable in parallel with each other in the circumferential direction so as to face the first field magnetic pole of the field magnet 7a through a minute gap. Is arranged. 9 (a) and 9 (b), the cylindrical magnetic core denoted by reference numeral 92 is coupled to the bypass magnetic pole 7c and is rotationally biased together. As shown in FIG. 7, the gap 7e, the movable base magnetic pole 7m, the cylindrical A magnetic pole 75 is connected to the base magnetic pole 7d. The movable base magnetic pole 7m is slid along the cylindrical magnetic yoke 75 by the rotation of the base magnetic pole adjusting screw 7n.

  The field magnetic flux flowing into the main magnetic pole 7b from the first field magnetic pole of the field magnet 7a is secondly passed through the rotor housing 79, the magnetic salient pole 77, the magnetic tooth 74, the cylindrical magnetic yoke 75, and the base magnetic pole 7d. A main magnetic path that circulates in the field magnetic pole is formed, and the magnetic flux flowing into the bypass magnetic pole 7c passes through the second magnetic field via the cylindrical magnetic core 92, the gap 7e, the movable base magnetic pole 7m, the cylindrical magnetic yoke 75, and the base magnetic pole 7d. A bypass magnetic path that recirculates to the magnetic pole is formed. By adjusting the facing area and the gap length of the gap 7e, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path are set substantially equal to each other. At this time, since the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path varies depending on the relative position between the magnetic salient pole 77 and the magnetic teeth 74, the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path is set substantially equal to the averaged magnetic resistance.

  The main magnetic pole 7b, the bypass magnetic pole 7c, the cylindrical magnetic core 92, the base magnetic pole 7d, and the movable base magnetic pole 7m are made of a magnetic material mainly composed of a soft iron block having a high saturation magnetic flux density so that AC magnetic flux does not easily flow. Configure. The magnetic salient pole 77 is composed of a stack of silicon steel plates, and has a specific resistance smaller than that, and it is difficult for an alternating magnetic flux to flow. Therefore, it is possible to suppress magnetic flux leaking in a short circuit between magnetic paths. In order to reduce the magnetic resistance between the field magnet 7a and the main magnetic pole 7b and the bypass magnetic pole 7c, the field magnet 7a is opposed to the main magnetic pole 7b and the bypass magnetic pole 7c with a small gap therebetween, or the field magnet 7a. The main magnetic pole 7b and the bypass magnetic pole 7c are slid.

  9A and 9B, the circumferential angle lengths of the main magnetic pole 7b and the bypass magnetic pole 7c are set equal, and the circumferential angle length of the field magnet 7a is set between the main magnetic pole 7b and the bypass magnetic pole 7c. It is set to be equal to the sum of the circumferential angle length of the gap and the circumferential angle length of the main magnetic pole 7b, and the deviation amount of the main magnetic pole 7b and the bypass magnetic pole 7c is set to be equal to or smaller than the circumferential angle length of the main magnetic pole 7b. In this embodiment, the main magnetic pole 7b and the bypass magnetic pole 7c correspond to the movable magnetic pole portion and are biased with respect to the field magnet 7a as a magnetic pole unit.

  FIGS. 10A and 10B are plan views showing the main magnetic pole 7b and the bypass magnetic pole 7c as viewed from the rotor housing 79 side, as in FIG. 9B. Each figure shows the magnetic pole unit (the main magnetic pole 7b and the bypass magnetic pole 7b). It shows the case where the circumferential deviation between the magnetic pole 7c) and the field magnet 7a is minimum and maximum, that is, the case where the amount of magnetic flux between the magnetic salient pole 77 and the magnetic teeth 74 is maximized and minimized, respectively. In the figure, reference numeral 101 denotes an existing region in the circumferential direction of the field magnet 7a. As shown in FIG. 10A, the field magnet 7a is opposed to the entire region of the main magnetic pole 7b at the reference position. In addition, a state is shown in which the bypass magnetic pole 7c is slightly opposed. In this case, almost all the magnetic flux from the field magnet 7a flows between the magnetic salient pole 77 and the magnetic teeth 74 via the main magnetic pole 7b.

  FIG. 10 (b) shows a case where the magnetic pole unit has a rotational deviation equal to the circumferential length of the main magnetic pole 7b in the clockwise direction from the reference position shown in FIG. 10 (a). It shows a state where it faces the entire region and slightly faces the main magnetic pole 7b. In this case, almost all of the magnetic flux from the field magnet 7a passes through the bypass magnetic pole 7c and the cylindrical magnetic core 92, the gap 7e, the movable base magnetic pole 7m, the cylindrical magnetic yoke 75, and the second magnetic field via the base magnetic pole 7d. Return to the magnetic pole.

  In the intermediate state shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the field magnet 7a faces both the main magnetic pole 7b and the bypass magnetic pole 7c so that the magnetic flux from the field magnet 7a is the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path. To be shunted. The field magnet 7a has a substantially full width and is opposed to the main magnetic pole 7b and the bypass magnetic pole 7c through a minute gap, and the magnetic flux flows perpendicularly to the surfaces of the field magnet 7a, the main magnetic pole 7b, and the bypass magnetic pole 7c. The magnet 7a flows between the main magnetic pole 7b and the bypass magnetic pole 7c in a laminar flow. As a result, the magnetic flux is divided in proportion to the opposing areas of the field magnet 7a, the main magnetic pole 7b, and the bypass magnetic pole 7c. Further, the sum of the opposing areas of the field magnet 7a, the main magnetic pole 7b, and the bypass magnetic pole 7c is constant, and these areas change according to the deviation of the main magnetic pole 7b and the bypass magnetic pole 7c. Since the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path are set equal to each other and the total magnetic flux from the field magnet 7a is always constant, the magnetic force that prevents the deviation of the magnetic pole unit does not appear theoretically.

  If the position of the magnetic pole unit stays within the range shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the sum of the opposing areas of the field magnet 7a, the main magnetic pole 7b, and the bypass magnetic pole 7c is constant, and their areas are The amount of magnetic flux that changes according to the bias and is shunted to the main magnetic path is almost proportional to the amount of bias. Although the amount of magnetic flux can be controlled even if the position exceeds the range, the relationship between the amount of deviation and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the main magnetic path is indefinite. In this embodiment, the circumferential position and the circumferential angle length of the slit 7j are set so as to keep the position of the magnetic pole unit within the above range.

  It has been explained that the amount of magnetic flux flowing between the magnetic salient pole 77 and the magnetic teeth 74 can be controlled by rotationally biasing the magnetic pole unit, and no magnetic force that prevents rotational bias is theoretically generated. Below, the structure which rotationally biases a magnetic pole unit is demonstrated using FIG.7 and FIG.11. FIG. 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a portion where the pin 7k fixed to the excitation portion support portion 7f engages with the control rod 7g. There are three pins 7k, the fixed shaft 71 is provided with slits 7j, and the end face of the control rod 7g is provided with three grooves for receiving the pins 7k. After the fixed shaft 71 is inserted into the excitation portion support portion 7f, the pin 7k is driven from the outer periphery of the excitation portion support portion 7f, and the pin 7k is protruded into the hollow portion in the fixed shaft 71 and fixed, and the control rod 7g is fixed. It inserts in the hollow part of the axis | shaft 71, and engages the pin 7k with the groove part of the control rod 7g end part.

  The actuator 7h rotationally biases the control rod 7g according to an instruction from the control device, and rotationally biases the excitation unit support 7f via the pin 7k. At that time, the circumferential position and the circumferential angular length of the slit 7j are set as a bias regulating means for retaining the magnetic pole unit within the range shown in FIGS. 10 (a) and 10 (b). The actuator 7h is configured to store the bias position of the magnetic pole unit using a step motor, but may be configured to store the bias position by combining a motor and a screw mechanism or a gear mechanism.

  By setting the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and bypass magnetic path to the minimum magnetic force condition, the magnetic flux leakage between the two magnetic paths can be suppressed to a small level, and the magnetic force that prevents the deviation can be suppressed to a small level. There are many factors that cause the magnetoresistance to fluctuate. That is, in the mass production stage, the component dimensions vary within the set tolerances, and the magnetic resistance of each magnetic path is changed. If the magnetic flux leakage between the magnetic paths cannot be ignored, the bias position of the magnetic pole unit affects the magnetic resistance of each magnetic path. Since the magnetic permeability of the magnetic material is easily affected by temperature, the magnetic resistance of each magnetic path changes. Furthermore, when a current flows through the armature coil, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path effectively varies. In this embodiment, by adjusting the size of the gap 7e in the bypass magnetic path, the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path are made equal to each other, and both magnetic fields are adapted to adapt to the magnetic resistance change of the magnetic path due to various causes. Magnetic flux leakage between the paths is suppressed to a small level, and the magnetic force that prevents the deviation is suppressed to a small level.

  A configuration and method for adjusting the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 7, reference numeral 7r denotes a torque sensor. Although the torque sensor based on various principles can be used as the torque sensor 7r, the strain gauge is small and suitable for this embodiment. The actuator 7h holds the circumferential position after the magnetic pole unit is biased in the circumferential direction in order to change the amount of magnetic flux. When the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path deviates from the minimum magnetic force condition, the magnetic pole unit increases the facing area between the magnetic pole (main magnetic pole 7b or bypass magnetic pole 7c) having a lower magnetic resistance and the field magnet 7a. It receives a magnetic force that biases it. Since the actuator 7h tries to maintain the circumferential position, the control rod 7g is twisted, and the magnetic force can be detected by the torque sensor 7r. Since the magnetic force is proportional to the difference between the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path, the base pole adjusting screw 7n is rotated by the actuator 7p so that the magnetic force falls within a predetermined range, and the movable base magnetic pole 7m is moved back and forth in the axial direction. To change the size of the gap 7e to adjust the magnetic resistance difference between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path. Since the magnetic resistance of both magnetic paths can always be maintained close to the minimum magnetic force condition, magnetic flux leakage between both magnetic paths is suppressed to a small level, and the magnetic force that prevents the magnetic pole unit from being biased is suppressed to a small level. The amount of magnetic flux can be controlled in 7 hours.

  As described above, in the rotating electric machine shown in FIGS. 7 to 11, it has been explained that the magnetic flux amount flowing through the armature can be controlled by making the magnetic pole unit relatively biased with respect to the field magnet 7a. The means for biasing the magnet 7a has been described. The second embodiment is a system for optimizing the output by controlling the amount of magnetic flux, and the control as a rotating electrical machine system will be described with reference to FIG.

  An explanation will be given of an electric motor system that performs field-weakening control and optimally controls the rotational force when the rotating electric machine is used as an electric motor. When the rotational speed as the output 63 is greater than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is reduced, the control device 65 moves the magnetic pole unit through the control signal 66, the actuator 7h, and the control rod 7g, as shown in FIG. In FIG. 10B, it is biased in the clockwise direction, and the facing area between the main magnetic pole 7b and the field magnet 7a is made small. When the rotational speed is smaller than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, the magnetic pole unit is biased counterclockwise via the control signal 66, the actuator 7h, and the control rod 7g, and the main magnetic pole 7b and the field magnet The area facing the magnet 7a is increased.

  A constant voltage power generation system that controls the generated voltage to be a predetermined voltage by performing field-weakening control when the rotating electrical machine is used as a generator will be described. When the generated voltage, which is the output 63, is greater than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is reduced, the control device 65 moves the magnetic pole unit through the control signal 66, the actuator 7h, and the control rod 7g, as shown in FIG. In FIG. 10B, it is biased in the clockwise direction, and the facing area between the main magnetic pole 7b and the field magnet 7a is made small. When the generated voltage is smaller than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, the magnetic pole unit is biased counterclockwise via the control signal 66, the actuator 7h, and the control rod 7g, and the main magnetic pole 7b and the field magnet The area facing the magnet 7a is increased.

  If the magnetic resistance of the magnetic path can be kept within the allowable range from the design value, the adjustment of the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path after the assembly of the rotating electrical machine can be made unnecessary. Also, when the magnetic resistance of the magnetic path during operation does not deviate significantly from the initial state, only the initial adjustment setting after assembly of the rotating electrical machine is adopted, and the magnetic resistance control process employed in this embodiment is omitted. I can do it. Depending on the specifications or operating conditions of the rotating electrical machine system, the magnetic resistance adjusting means for the bypass magnetic path in this embodiment can be partially adopted to obtain an optimum rotating electrical machine system.

  A third embodiment of the rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The third embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system having a radial gap structure. The exciting part is arranged on the side of the housing adjacent to one of the rotors in the axial direction, and has a magnetoresistive adjustment coil in the bypass magnetic path. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of a rotating electric machine, FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing an armature and a rotor, FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view showing a rotor structure and an excitation part arrangement, and FIG. 15 is an enlarged longitudinal section of the excitation part. FIG. 16 is a sectional view of the excitation part.

  FIG. 12 shows an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotary electric machine having a radial gap structure, and a rotating shaft 11 is rotatably supported by a housing 12 via a bearing 13. The configuration of the armature is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. The magnetic pole part of the rotor has surface magnetic pole parts 121 in which magnetic salient poles and permanent magnets are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and adjacent magnetic salient poles are alternately extended radially inward and to the right in the axial direction. The first extension part 122 and the second extension part 123 are configured. An exciting part is arranged on the housing side on the right side of the rotor, and faces the first extension part 122 and the second extension part 123 of the rotor through a gap, and magnetic flux is collectively applied to the first extension part 122 and the second extension part 123. The magnetic salient poles adjacent to each other are magnetized in different polarities.

  In the figure, the main part of the exciting part is composed of a field magnet 127, a main magnetic pole 128, and a bypass magnetic pole 129. The main magnetic pole 128 and the bypass magnetic pole 129 are fixed to the excitation unit support 12b, and the excitation unit support 12b is fixed to the housing 12. The field magnet 127 and the base magnetic pole 126 are connected to the actuator 12d via the control rod 12c so as to be slidable in the circumferential direction with respect to a magnetic pole unit composed of a main magnetic pole 128 and a bypass magnetic pole 129 as movable magnetic pole portions. Reference numeral 12a denotes a non-magnetic material, reference numeral 124 denotes a cavity through which cooling air flows, reference numeral 12e denotes an annular magnetic core, and reference numeral 125 denotes a magnetic resistance adjusting coil arranged for adjusting the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path.

  FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along the line C-C ′ in FIG. 12, and in order to explain the mutual relationship, a part of the components are numbered. Since the structure of the armature is the same as that of the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.

  In FIG. 13, the rotor has a structure having magnetic salient poles and permanent magnets alternately in the circumferential direction. The surface magnetic pole part of the rotor is divided by a permanent magnet 133 having a uniform magnetic body arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and numbered as magnetic body salient poles 131 and 132 on behalf of adjacent magnetic body salient poles. is doing. Adjacent magnetic salient poles 131 and 132 are alternately extended in the inner diameter direction and the right direction parallel to the axis to be a first extension portion 122 and a second extension portion 123, respectively. As indicated by reference numeral 135, the part extended and assembled in the inner diameter direction is a first extension part 122, and the part extended to the right in the axial direction is a second extension part 123. Reference numeral 136 denotes a non-magnetic part. Further, the adjacent magnetic salient poles 131 and 132 are configured such that the circumferential direction magnetization directions of the adjacent permanent magnets 133 are reversed so as to be magnetized in different directions. The arrow attached to the permanent magnet 133 indicates the magnetization direction.

  The permanent magnet 133 supplies a magnetic flux to the magnetic salient poles 131 and 132, and serves as a magnetic flux barrier that forms a region having a large magnetic resistance in the circumferential direction. Reference numeral 134 denotes a magnetic flux channel portion corresponding to the magnetic flux channel portion 24 in the first embodiment. The magnetic salient poles 131 and 132 are laminated by punching out a portion corresponding to the permanent magnet 133 or the magnetic flux channel portion 134 and the nonmagnetic material portion 136 from the silicon steel plate, and then inserting the permanent magnet 133. The block is inserted and configured. The nonmagnetic material portion 136 is configured by filling a nonmagnetic material having a large specific resistance, such as resin or resin.

  FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view showing the configuration of the rotor and the arrangement of the excitation parts. In order to facilitate understanding, the central portion having the magnetic salient poles 131 and 132 and the second extension 123 of the magnetic salient pole are shown separately, and the second extension 123 is opposed to the housing 12 with a gap therebetween. The excitation part 145 arrange | positioned at the side is shown. The second extension 123 includes a magnetic projection 141 that is an extension of the magnetic salient pole 132 by press-molding soft iron, and the non-magnetic portion 144 is formed of stainless steel having no magnetism. Yes. The annular magnetic core portion 142 integral with the magnetic protrusion 141 is connected to the base magnetic pole 126 of the excitation portion 145 via a minute gap, and the cylindrical magnetic core 143 coupled to the first extension portion 122 is mainly interposed via the minute gap. The magnetic poles 128 are opposed to each other.

  FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of a part of the rotor and the excitation part whose longitudinal sectional view is shown in FIG. 12, and FIG. 16 is a sectional view of the excitation part. The configuration of the excitation unit and the operating principle of the magnetic flux amount control will be described with reference to FIGS. The main part of the exciting part is composed of a field magnet 127 and a magnetic pole unit (main magnetic pole 128, bypass magnetic pole 129). There are three field magnets 127 having radial magnetization. The field magnets 127 and the nonmagnetic bodies 12a are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction and fixed inside the base magnetic pole 126 made of a cylindrical magnetic body. A pair of a main magnetic pole 128 and a bypass magnetic pole 129 is disposed on the inner side so as to face each field magnet 127 and is fixed to the excitation unit support 12b. The bypass magnetic pole 129 is further connected to the annular magnetic core 12e, and the annular magnetic core 12e is opposed to the base magnetic pole 126 via a gap. Further, the main magnetic pole 128 faces the cylindrical magnetic core 143, and the base magnetic pole 126 faces the annular magnetic core portion 142. The main magnetic pole 128, the bypass magnetic pole 129, the base magnetic pole 126, and the annular magnetic core 12e constituting the excitation unit are composed of a soft iron block having a high saturation magnetic flux density so that the alternating magnetic flux does not easily flow, and the entire structure is made compact.

  The magnetic salient poles 131 and 132 are magnetized by a permanent magnet 133 disposed therebetween, the magnetic salient pole 131 being an N pole, and the magnetic salient pole 132 being an S pole. In this embodiment, the excitation unit and the permanent magnet are arranged so that the magnetic salient pole is magnetized to the same polarity. That is, in the exciting part, the field magnet 127 magnetizes the main magnetic pole 128 to the N pole and excites the first extension part 122 and the magnetic salient pole 131 to the N pole side. Further, the magnetic salient pole 132 is excited to the S pole side through the second extension 123. The field magnet 127 is biased by the actuator 12d so as to slide in the circumferential direction with respect to the magnetic pole unit. The actuator 12d connects the field magnet 127 and the base magnetic pole 126 with the three control rods 12c through a window provided in the housing 12 so as to be rotationally biased, thereby changing the facing area of the field magnet 127 and the main magnetic pole 128. .

  In the field magnet 127, magnetic flux flowing into the main magnetic pole 128 has a cylindrical magnetic core 143, a first extension 122, a magnetic salient pole 121, a magnetic tooth 14, a magnetic salient pole 122, a second extension 123, and a magnetic field. The main magnetic path that circulates to the field magnet 127 via the body protrusion 141, the annular magnetic core portion 142, and the base magnetic pole 126, and the magnetic flux that flows into the bypass magnetic pole 129 passes through the annular magnetic core 12 e and the base magnetic pole 126. The bypass magnetic path circulating in the magnet 127 is connected in parallel, and the magnetic flux is divided into the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path in accordance with the circumferential deviation of the field magnet 127, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the main magnetic path is controlled. Is done. In the present embodiment, the gap length and the opposed area between the annular magnetic core 12e and the base magnetic pole 126 are changed so that the magnetic resistances of both magnetic paths are substantially equal to each other, and the magnetic field resists the bias of the field magnet 127. The power is small.

  In this embodiment, a step motor is used as the actuator 12d, and the field magnet 127 is biased via the control rod 12c. When no drive current is supplied to the actuator 12d, the position of the field magnet 127 is preserved to reduce the energy required for control.

  The magnetic resistance of each magnetic path fluctuates due to various factors, and when the difference between the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path becomes large, the amount of magnetic flux short-circuit between the magnetic paths increases, and the magnetism that prevents the field magnet 127 from deviating. Power becomes big. In this embodiment, the current flowing through the magnetoresistive adjustment coil 125 arranged so as to wind the bypass magnetic path is controlled so that the magnetic resistance between the two magnetic paths is always larger than the difference in magnetic resistance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path. I have to. That is, the parameters that fluctuate the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path during the operation of the rotating electrical machine are mainly the current flowing through the armature coil, the rotational speed, the temperature, the displacement position of the movable magnetic pole portion, and the like. The relationship between the parameters indicating the operating conditions and the amount of fluctuation from the optimum initial setting condition of the current can be estimated based on statistical data in a rotating electrical machine of the same design. After the rotating electric machine is assembled, map data between the optimum current and the parameter indicating the operating condition is created and set, and the optimum current is obtained from the map data according to the operating condition of the rotating electric machine and is supplied to the magnetoresistive adjustment coil 125. To effectively adjust the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path.

  As described above, in the rotating electric machine shown in FIGS. 12 to 16, it has been explained that the magnetic flux flowing through the armature can be controlled by making the field magnet 127 relatively biased with respect to the magnetic pole unit. explained. The third embodiment is a system for optimizing the output by controlling the amount of magnetic flux, and the control as a rotating electrical machine system will be described with reference to FIG.

  An explanation will be given of an electric motor system that performs field-weakening control and optimally controls the rotational force when the rotating electric machine is used as an electric motor. When the rotational speed, which is the output 63, is greater than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is reduced, the control device 65 causes the actuator 12d to bias the control rod 12c clockwise in FIG. Thus, the opposing area of the main magnetic pole 128 and the field magnet 127 is made small. When the rotational speed is smaller than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, a predetermined current is supplied to the magnetoresistive adjustment coil 125, and the control signal 66 causes the actuator 12d to move the control rod 12c in FIG. By deviating in the clockwise direction, the opposing area of the main magnetic pole 128 and the field magnet 127 is increased.

  A constant voltage power generation system that controls the generated voltage to be a predetermined voltage by performing field-weakening control when the rotating electrical machine is used as a generator will be described. The control device 65 causes the control signal 66 to bias the control rod 12c clockwise in FIG. 16 by the actuator 12d when the generated voltage as the output 63 becomes larger than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is reduced. Thus, the opposing area of the main magnetic pole 128 and the field magnet 127 is made small. When the generated voltage is smaller than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, the control signal 66 causes the actuator 12d to bias the control rod 12c counterclockwise in FIG. The facing area of the magnet 127 is increased.

  A rotating electrical machine system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The fourth embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system using the rotating electrical machine system of the first embodiment as a generator / motor system of a hybrid car. In the figure, reference numeral 171 denotes the rotating electrical machine shown in the first embodiment, and the rotating electrical machine 171 has a rotating shaft 179 coupled to transmit a rotational force with an engine 172 of a hybrid car by a belt. The rotational force of 179 is transmitted to the drive shaft 17a via the transmission 173. The control device 174 receives the command 17 b from the host control device, drives the rotating electrical machine 171 as an electric motor via the motor drive circuit 175, and controls the field strength of the rotating electrical machine 171 via the field control circuit 176. Further, the control device 174 receives the command 17b from the host control device, rectifies the generated power appearing on the lead wire 17c of the armature coil 16 via the rectifier circuit 177, and charges the battery 178. The control device 174 drives the rotating electric machine 171 as an electric motor via an electric motor drive circuit 175 in accordance with an instruction 17b, assists the rotation of the engine 172, or independently drives the rotating shaft 179 to rotate through the transmission 173 and the driving shaft 17a. This contributes to the driving power of the hybrid car.

  When it is necessary to reinforce the magnet torque in the low rotational speed range immediately after the start-up, the control device 174 provides the magnetic flux between the armature magnetic teeth 14 and the rotor magnetic salient poles 21 and 22 via the field control circuit 176. The push rod 1m is biased rightward by the actuator 1n so as to increase the size of the main magnetic pole 1b and the field magnet 1a. When the field weakening is used in the high rotation speed range, the control device 174 reduces the magnetic flux between the armature magnetic teeth 14 and the rotor magnetic salient poles 21 and 22 via the field control circuit 176. The push rod 1m is biased leftward by the actuator 1n to reduce the facing area between the main magnetic pole 1b and the field magnet 1a.

  When the hybrid car can be driven only by the rotational force of the engine 172, the generated power appearing on the lead wire 17c of the armature coil 16 is changed to direct current via the rectifier circuit 177 by the command 17b, and the battery 178 is charged. In that case, the control device 174 controls the actuator 1n via the field control circuit 176 so as to obtain an optimum voltage for charging the battery 178. When the battery 178 is charged, a converter that converts the generated voltage is not required by using the rotating electrical machine system as a constant voltage generator system. Further, even when the battery 178 is composed of a plurality of types of batteries having different voltage types, an expensive converter can be eliminated by adding a switching circuit to control the generated power voltage to be optimal for each battery.

  This embodiment also functions effectively as an energy recovery system when braking a hybrid car. When the regenerative braking instruction is received through the command 17b, the controller 174 causes the actuator 1n to increase the amount of magnetic flux between the armature magnetic teeth 14 and the rotor magnetic salient poles 21 and 22 via the field control circuit 176. As a result, the push rod 1m is biased rightward to increase the opposing area of the main magnetic pole 1b and the field magnet 1a, and the battery 178 is charged with generated power. In the case of having a plurality of batteries 178, the actuator 1n is controlled via the field control circuit 176 so as to obtain a power generation voltage that matches the charging voltage of the battery 178 having the most capacity for charging, and the magnetic teeth 14 of the armature and the rotor. The amount of magnetic flux between the magnetic salient poles 21 and 22 is controlled. Since the rotating electrical machine 171 is a physique used as a drive motor, it can generate a sufficient braking force as a generator for regenerative braking.

  The present embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system in which the present invention is used as a generator / motor of a hybrid car, but it is naturally possible to use a rotating electrical machine system in an electric vehicle. In that case, the engine 172 of the hybrid car is removed in the above embodiment, and the electric vehicle is driven only by the rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention to constitute an energy recovery system at the time of braking.

  The rotating electrical machine system of the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments. These examples show examples of realizing the gist and purpose of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. For example, in the above embodiment, the armature has a structure having magnetic teeth, but there is a structure example in which a magnetic tooth is not arranged in a conventional rotating electric machine having an axial gap configuration. Further, even in the radial gap configuration, there is an example in which the armature configuration is arranged with an armature coil printed and wired on a cylindrical magnetic yoke and does not have magnetic teeth. The present invention can be applied regardless of the presence or absence of magnetic teeth, and can employ an optimum electronic configuration according to the specifications of the rotating electrical machine. Of course, it is possible to complete the system that achieves the gist and purpose of the present invention by combining the above-described embodiments, or by combining a part of the embodiments.

  In the rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention, the amount of magnetic flux between the rotor and the armature can be easily controlled by changing the configuration in the vicinity of magnet excitation of the rotating electrical machine using the conventional magnet torque and reluctance torque. In addition to being able to be used as a high-output motor like the conventional rotating electrical machine, the rotating electrical machine system can expand the practical rotational speed range, further improve the power generation function, and control the power generation function. It can be used in a generator / motor system for a moving body, and it can be expected to be used in a range of rotational speeds higher than that of a conventional driving motor. In addition, it can recover energy during braking and improve overall energy consumption. In addition, the constant voltage generator system can control the generated voltage uniformly over a wide rotational speed range, eliminating the need for a constant voltage control circuit, and eliminating the need for a converter for charging multiple types of batteries with different voltages, reducing the overall system cost. It can be reduced.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by a 1st Example. It is sectional drawing which shows the armature and rotor of a rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the rotor of a rotary electric machine shown by FIG. 1, and a 1st, 2nd extension part. FIG. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view in the vicinity of a field magnet of the rotating electrical machine shown in FIG. 1. It is a magnetic circuit containing the field magnet of the rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is a block diagram of the rotary electric machine system which performs field-weakening control. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by a 2nd Example. It is sectional drawing which shows the armature and rotor of a rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is a top view which shows the excitation part structure of the rotary electric machine shown by FIG. FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a rotationally biased main magnetic pole and bypass magnetic pole of the rotating electrical machine shown in FIG. 7. It is sectional drawing which shows a part of deflection control means of the rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by a 3rd Example. It is sectional drawing which shows the armature and rotor of a rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the rotor of the rotary electric machine shown by FIG. 12, a 2nd extension part, and an excitation part. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the rotor and excitation part of the rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is sectional drawing of the excitation part of the rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is a block diagram of the rotary electric machine system by a 4th Example.

Explanation of symbols

11 ... rotating shaft, 12 ... housing,
13 ... Bearings, 14 ... Magnetic teeth,
15 ... cylindrical magnetic yoke, 16 ... armature coil,
17 ... surface magnetic pole part, 18 ... first extension part,
19 ... second extension, 1a ... field magnet,
1b: main magnetic pole, 1c: bypass magnetic pole,
1d: exciter support, 1e: base magnetic pole,
1f ... pin, 1g ... spring,
1h: non-magnetic material, 1j: slit,
1k ... Control rod, 1m ... Push rod,
1n: Actuator, 1p: Cooling fans 21, 22 ... Magnetic salient poles, 23: Magnetic air gap,
24 ... magnetic flux channel part, 25 ... saturable magnetic part,
26... Saturable magnetic material coupling portions 31, 32.. Magnetic material projections 33, 34.
35 ... a part of the excitation part 41 ... a minute gap, 42 ... a gap part,
43 ... magnetic flux flowing in the main magnetic path, 44 ... magnetic flux flowing in the bypass magnetic path,
45... Magnetic flux 51 passing through the air gap 42... Magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path 52.
53... Magnetic resistance 61 between magnetic paths 61...
63 ... Output, 64 ... Status signal,
65 ... Control device, 66 ... Control signal,
67... Drive control circuit 71... Fixed axis, 72.
73 ... bearings, 74 ... magnetic teeth,
75 ... cylindrical magnetic yoke, 76 ... armature coil,
77 ... magnetic salient pole, 78 ... pulley part,
79 ... Rotor housing, 7a ... Field magnet,
7b: main magnetic pole, 7c: bypass magnetic pole,
7d: base magnetic pole, 7e: gap,
7f ... excitation support, 7g ... control rod,
7h: Actuator, 7j: Slit,
7k ... pin, 7m ... movable base magnetic pole,
7n: Base magnetic pole adjustment screw, 7p: Actuator,
7q: armature support, 7r: torque sensor 91 ... magnetic air gap, 92 ... cylindrical magnetic core 101 ... existence area 121 of permanent magnet 7a ... surface magnetic pole part, 122 ... First extension part,
123 ... second extension part, 124 ... cavity part,
125: Magnetoresistive adjustment coil, 126: Base magnetic pole,
127 ... Field magnet, 128 ... Main pole,
129: Bypass magnetic pole, 12a: Non-magnetic material,
12b ... excitation support, 12c ... control rod,
12d ... Actuators 131, 132 ... Magnetic salient poles, 133 ... Permanent magnets,
134 ... magnetic flux channel part, 135 ... extension part,
136... Non-magnetic portion 141... Magnetic projection, 142.
143... Cylindrical magnetic core, 144... Non-magnetic body portion 171... Rotating electrical machine apparatus shown in the first embodiment,
172 ... Hybrid car engine,
173 ... Transmission, 174 ... Control device,
175 ... Electric motor drive circuit, 176 ... Field control circuit,
177 ... Rectifier circuit, 178 ... Battery,
179 ... rotating shaft, 17a ... driving shaft,
17b: Command from the host controller, 17c: Armature coil lead wire

Claims (15)

An armature having an armature coil, a surface magnetic pole portion having a plurality of magnetic salient poles arranged in the circumferential direction facing the armature, and a magnetic salient pole group magnetized to the same polarity A rotating electric machine device comprising a magnetizing exciting part, wherein the surface magnetic pole part and the armature are relatively rotatable about an axis, the exciting part having a field magnet, a main magnetic pole and a bypass magnetic pole, When either the N pole or S pole of the field magnet is the first field magnetic pole and the other magnetic pole is the second field magnetic pole, the main magnetic pole and the bypass magnetic pole face the first field magnetic pole. A magnetic flux flowing from the first field magnetic pole to the main magnetic pole through the magnetic salient pole and armature to the second field magnetic pole, and a magnetic flux flowing from the first field magnetic pole to the bypass magnetic pole Is bypassed in parallel with the field magnet. The magnetic resistance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is configured to be larger than the difference between the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path. Any one of the magnets can be used as a movable magnetic pole part, and the movable magnetic pole can be changed so that the sum of the area where the first field magnetic pole faces the main magnetic pole and the area where the magnetic pole faces the bypass magnetic pole is kept constant. The magnetic pole portion is configured to be able to be biased relative to the remainder, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing in the main magnetic path is controlled by biasing the movable magnetic pole portion according to the output so that the output of the rotating electrical machine system is optimized. Rotating electrical machine system 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, wherein a minimum magnetic force condition is set such that the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path are substantially equal to each other. 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, further comprising a magnetic resistance adjusting means for adjusting a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path, wherein the magnetic resistance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is equal to that of the main magnetic path. Rotating electrical machine system characterized in that the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path is adjusted to be larger than the difference between the magnetic resistance and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path 4. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 3, further comprising a gap length adjusting means in a gap in the bypass magnetic path as a magnetic resistance adjusting means. 4. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 3, further comprising a magnetic resistance adjusting coil wound around a bypass magnetic path as a magnetic resistance adjusting means. 4. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 3, further comprising means for detecting a magnetic force applied to the movable magnetic pole when the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path deviates from the minimum magnetic force condition. The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path is adjusted by the magnetic resistance adjusting means so as to be within a predetermined range so that the magnetic resistance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path. The rotating electrical machine system characterized by being larger than the difference between the magnetic resistance 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, wherein a part of the magnetic path from the field magnet to the magnetic salient pole is made of a magnetic material having an average conductivity higher than that of the magnetic salient pole. Rotating electrical machine system 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, further comprising a displacement restricting means for the movable magnetic pole portion, wherein a sum of an area of the field magnet facing the main magnetic pole and an area facing the bypass magnetic pole is A rotating electrical machine system characterized in that the relative deviation amount of the movable magnetic pole portion is regulated within a range in which the respective areas change while being kept constant. 9. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, further comprising a control device, wherein the rotational power is input and the generated power is output. When the generated voltage induced in the coil is larger than a predetermined value, the movable magnetic pole portion is biased to reduce the area where the first field magnetic pole and the main magnetic pole face each other, and the generated voltage is smaller than the predetermined value. When the movable magnetic pole part is biased, the area where the first field magnetic pole and the main magnetic pole face each other is increased, and the generated voltage is controlled to a predetermined value. The rotating electrical machine system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a control device, wherein the current supplied to the armature coil is input and the rotational force is output. When the control device reduces the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature when the rotational speed is greater than a predetermined value, the movable magnetic pole portion is biased to reduce the area where the first field magnetic pole and the main magnetic pole face each other, and the rotational speed is reduced. When the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased below a predetermined value, the movable magnetic pole portion is biased and the rotational force is optimally controlled by increasing the area where the first field magnetic pole and the main magnetic pole face each other. Rotating electrical machine system The rotating electrical machine system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a control device, wherein the current supplied to the armature coil is input and the rotational force is output. When the rotational speed is reduced, the movable magnetic pole portion is biased so that the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased by the control device, and the area where the first field magnetic pole and the main magnetic pole face each other is increased, and the rotational energy is increased. Rotating electrical machine system characterized in that is taken out as generated power An armature having an armature coil, a surface magnetic pole portion having a plurality of magnetic salient poles arranged in the circumferential direction facing the armature, and a magnetic salient pole group magnetized to the same polarity This is a field control method for a rotating electrical machine apparatus that consists of a magnetizing excitation part, and the surface magnetic pole part and the armature can rotate relative to each other about the axis, and flows from one magnetic pole of the field magnet into the main magnetic pole. The main magnetic path in which the magnetic flux circulates to the other magnetic pole of the field magnet through the magnetic salient pole and the armature, and the magnetic flux flowing from one magnetic pole of the field magnet to the bypass magnetic pole mainly in the excitation section A bypass magnetic path that circulates to the magnetic pole of the magnetic field is connected in parallel to the field magnet, and the magnetic resistance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is larger than the difference between the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path. What are the main pole and bypass pole units or field magnets? The amount of magnetic flux that flows through the armature by displacing the movable magnetic pole portion so that the respective areas are changed while keeping the sum of the area where the field magnet faces the main magnetic pole and the area opposed to the bypass magnetic pole constant with the movable magnetic pole portion as the movable magnetic pole portion To control. In the field control method according to claim 12, including the following steps, the minimum magnetic force condition is set so that the magnetic resistances of the bypass magnetic path and the main magnetic path are substantially equal. The magnetic flux amount control method according to claim 12, further comprising magnetic resistance adjusting means for adjusting the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path, including the following steps, between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path: The magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path is adjusted so that the magnetic resistance is larger than the difference between the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path. 15. The magnetic flux amount control method according to claim 14, further comprising the following steps, further comprising means for detecting a magnetic force applied to the movable magnetic pole portion when the magnetic resistances of the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path deviate from the minimum magnetic force condition. The magnetic resistance between the main magnetic path and the bypass magnetic path is adjusted by adjusting the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path or the bypass magnetic path by the magnetic resistance adjusting means so that the magnetic force falls within a predetermined range. And the difference between the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path and the magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic path.

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