JP4230956B2 - 天然ガスからのメタンより重い成分回収方法及び装置 - Google Patents
天然ガスからのメタンより重い成分回収方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4230956B2 JP4230956B2 JP2004121758A JP2004121758A JP4230956B2 JP 4230956 B2 JP4230956 B2 JP 4230956B2 JP 2004121758 A JP2004121758 A JP 2004121758A JP 2004121758 A JP2004121758 A JP 2004121758A JP 4230956 B2 JP4230956 B2 JP 4230956B2
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- Prior art keywords
- methane
- natural gas
- refrigerant
- stream
- cooling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 274
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 57
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 55
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical group CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 51
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 45
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 24
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- GJVFBWCTGUSGDD-UHFFFAOYSA-L pentamethonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCCC[N+](C)(C)C GJVFBWCTGUSGDD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 13
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- -1 C 4 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 5
- MEKDPHXPVMKCON-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane;methane Chemical compound C.CC MEKDPHXPVMKCON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013526 supercooled liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/30—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/50—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using absorption, i.e. with selective solvents or lean oil, heavier CnHm and including generally a regeneration step for the solvent or lean oil
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/64—Propane or propylene
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/66—Butane or mixed butanes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/12—External refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/60—Closed external refrigeration cycle with single component refrigerant [SCR], e.g. C1-, C2- or C3-hydrocarbons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/66—Closed external refrigeration cycle with multi component refrigerant [MCR], e.g. mixture of hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/50—Arrangement of multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step in parallel
Description
(a)天然ガス原料を冷却して冷却天然ガス原料とし、この冷却天然ガス原料を吸収塔へその第一の箇所で導入すること、
(b)この吸収塔から、メタンより重い成分の減少した第一の塔頂蒸気流と、メタンより重い成分を富化した塔底流とを抜き出すこと、
(c)第一の箇所より上方の当該吸収塔の第二の箇所でメタンに富む還流を導入すること、
(d)塔底流を、メタンを富化した流れとエタンより重い成分を富化した1又は2以上の流れとに分けること、及び
(e)エタンより重い成分を含む吸収液を第一の箇所と第二の箇所との間の箇所で当該吸収塔へ導入すること、
を含む。
(a)天然ガスをメタンに富む流れとメタンより重い成分を富化した流れとに分けるための吸収塔、
(b)天然ガス原料を冷却して冷却天然ガス原料を提供するための冷却手段及びこの冷却天然ガス原料を上記吸収塔にその第一の箇所で導入するための手段、
(c)当該吸収塔から、メタンより重い成分の減少した第一の塔頂蒸気流とメタンより重い成分を富化した塔底流とを抜き出すための手段、
(d)第一の箇所より上方の吸収塔の第二の箇所でメタンに富む還流を導入するための手段、
(e)塔底流を分けてメタンを富化した流れとエタンより重い成分を富化した1又は2以上の流れとにするための分離手段、及び
(f)エタンより重い成分を含む吸収液を第一の箇所と第二の箇所との間の箇所で吸収塔に導入するための手段、
を含む。
9 処理装置
25 吸収塔リボイラー
37 吸収塔
43 NGL分別装置
55、73 ポンプ
67 主熱交換器
69 還流ドラム
83 LNG過冷却器
91 製品ドラム
Claims (30)
- 天然ガスからメタンより重い成分を回収するための方法であって、
(a)天然ガス原料を冷却して冷却天然ガス原料とし、この冷却天然ガス原料を吸収塔へその第一の箇所で導入すること、
(b)この吸収塔から、メタンより重い成分の減少した第一の塔頂蒸気流と、メタンより重い成分を富化した塔底流とを抜き出すこと、
(c)第一の箇所より上方の当該吸収塔の第二の箇所でメタンに富む還流を導入すること、
(d)上記塔底流を分離して、メタンを富化した流れとエタンより重い成分を富化した1又は2以上の流れとにすること、及び
(e)エタンより重い成分を含む吸収液を第一の箇所と第二の箇所との間の箇所で当該吸収塔へ導入すること、
を含む天然ガスからのメタンより重い成分回収方法。 - (d)におけるエタンより重い成分を富化した1又は2以上の流れの全て又は、いずれかのうちの一部分を、(c)におけるメタンに富む還流と一緒にすることを更に含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- (d)におけるエタンより重い成分を富化した1又は2以上の流れの全て又は、いずれかのうちの一部分を、製品流として抜き出すことを更に含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記天然ガス原料が600psiaより高い圧力にある、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記吸収液が(d)におけるエタンより重い成分を富化した1又は2以上の流れのうちのいずれかより得られる成分を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記吸収液が炭素原子数5以上の炭化水素を50モル%より多く含有する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記吸収液が炭素原子数4以上の炭化水素を50モル%より多く含有する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記吸収液が炭素原子数3以上の炭化水素を50モル%より多く含有する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記吸収液を、前記吸収塔へ導入する前に、気化する再循環冷媒との間接熱交換により冷却する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記気化する再循環冷媒がプロパンである、請求項9記載の方法。
- 第一の塔頂蒸気流を冷却し部分的に凝縮させて二相流を作り、この二相流を分けて第二の塔頂蒸気流と(c)におけるメタンに富む還流とを提供する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第二の塔頂蒸気流をメタンより重い成分の減少した製品流として回収する、請求項11記載の方法。
- (d)におけるメタンを富化した1又は2以上の流れの全て又は、いずれかのうちの一部分を、前記二相流に分ける前に第一の塔頂蒸気流と一緒にすることを更に含む、請求項11記載の方法。
- 第一の塔頂蒸気流を冷却し部分的に凝縮させるための寒冷を、気化する冷媒との間接熱交換により提供する、請求項11記載の方法。
- 第二の塔頂蒸気流を冷却し、凝縮させ、そして過冷却して液化天然ガス製品を提供することを更に含む、請求項11記載の方法。
- 第二の塔頂蒸気流を冷却、凝縮及び過冷却するのに必要な寒冷の全て又は一部分を気化する冷媒との間接熱交換により供給する、請求項15記載の方法。
- 前記気化する冷媒が多成分冷媒である、請求項14又は16記載の方法。
- 第二の塔頂蒸気流を冷却、凝縮及び過冷却するのに必要な寒冷の全て又は一部分を、窒素を含む圧縮した冷媒の仕事膨張により得られる低温冷媒との間接熱交換により供給する、請求項15記載の方法。
- 前記天然ガス原料の冷却の全部又は一部を気化する冷媒の1又は2以上の流れとの間接熱交換により行う、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記気化する冷媒がプロパンである、請求項19記載の方法。
- 前記吸収塔からの液体塔底流との間接熱交換により前記天然ガス原料の冷却の一部を行い、それにより気化した塔底流を得て、この気化した塔底流を前記吸収塔へ導入して沸騰蒸気を提供することを更に含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- (d)におけるメタンを富化した流れを冷却し、凝縮させ、過冷却してメタンに富む液化製品を提供することを更に含む、請求項15記載の方法。
- 前記メタンを富化した流れを冷却、凝縮及び過冷却するのに必要な寒冷の全部又は一部を前記気化する冷媒との間接熱交換により供給する、請求項22記載の方法。
- 前記メタンを富化した流れを冷却、凝縮及び過冷却するのに必要な寒冷の全部又は一部を窒素を含む圧縮冷媒の仕事膨張により供給される低温冷媒との間接熱交換により供給する、請求項22記載の方法。
- 前記液化したメタンに富む製品を前記液化天然ガス製品と一緒にする、請求項22記載の方法。
- 天然ガスからメタンより重い成分を回収するための装置であって、
(a)天然ガスをメタンに富む流れとメタンより重い成分を富化した流れとに分けるための吸収塔、
(b)天然ガス原料を冷却して冷却天然ガス原料を提供するための冷却手段及びこの冷却天然ガス原料を上記吸収塔にその第一の箇所で導入するための手段、
(c)当該吸収塔から、メタンより重い成分の減少した第一の塔頂蒸気流とメタンより重い成分を富化した塔底流とを抜き出すための手段、
(d)第一の箇所より上方の当該吸収塔の第二の箇所でメタンに富む還流を導入するための手段、
(e)上記塔底流を分けてメタンを富化した流れとエタンより重い成分を富化した1又は2以上の流れとにするための分離手段、及び
(f)エタンより重い成分を含む吸収液を第一の箇所と第二の箇所との間の箇所で上記吸収塔に導入するための手段、
を含む天然ガスからのメタンより重い成分回収装置。 - 第一の塔頂蒸気流を冷却し部分的に凝縮させて二相流を作るための手段と、この二相流を分けて第二の塔頂蒸気流とメタンに富む還流を提供するための手段を更に含む、請求項26記載の装置。
- 第一の塔頂蒸気流を気化する多成分冷媒との間接熱交換により冷却し部分的に凝縮させるための流動路を有し、圧縮多成分冷媒を冷却するための流動路を有する主熱交換器と、この多成分冷媒の圧力を下げて当該気化する多成分冷媒を得るための減圧手段と、当該気化する多成分冷媒を主熱交換器で分配するための手段とを更に含む、請求項27記載の装置。
- 第二の塔頂蒸気流を冷却し少なくとも部分的に凝縮させて液化天然ガス製品を提供するための、前記主熱交換器中の追加の流動路を更に含む、請求項28記載の装置。
- 前記液化天然ガス製品を窒素を含む圧縮冷媒の仕事膨張により得られる低温冷媒との間接熱交換により更に冷却する製品熱交換器を更に含む、請求項29記載の装置。
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- 2004-04-15 NO NO20041530A patent/NO339384B1/no unknown
- 2004-04-16 CN CNB2004100368664A patent/CN1277095C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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EP1469266A1 (en) | 2004-10-20 |
JP2005042093A (ja) | 2005-02-17 |
NO339384B1 (no) | 2016-12-05 |
CN1277095C (zh) | 2006-09-27 |
NO20041530L (no) | 2004-10-18 |
EP1469266B1 (en) | 2016-07-20 |
US6662589B1 (en) | 2003-12-16 |
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