JP4209079B2 - Garbage dryer and its operation method. - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a garbage dryer for effectively drying garbage from a food factory, a market, a restaurant, a general household, or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, most of the garbage from food factories and restaurants is currently sent to incineration facilities as combustible waste and incinerated. However, the amount of waste is increasing and increasing year by year. This is one of the factors that put pressure on the finances of local governments.
[0003]
In addition, since such garbage is collected at a designated garbage collection site on a designated designated day, especially in the summer, the surrounding environment deteriorates due to its rotting odor, or small animals such as crows and cats are collected before garbage collection. There have been reports of damage such as feeding around the garbage collection area.
[0004]
For this reason, the present inventors have proposed a garbage dryer for dehydrating and drying the garbage in advance on the side of the generator generating the garbage to reduce its volume and weight.
[0005]
As shown in FIG. 5, this kitchen garbage dryer includes an air supply line b that supplies high-temperature drying air to a heating mixer a that dries the charged kitchen garbage with high-temperature drying air while stirring. The exhaust gas line c that exhausts the air after drying is connected to the exhaust gas line c, and the deodorizing furnace d that decomposes and deodorizes the odor components in the exhaust gas with high heat, and the waste heat generated in the deodorizing furnace d It is equipped with a heat exchanger e that generates drying air, and the volume of garbage is greatly reduced by forcibly drying the garbage, which is mostly moisture, with high-temperature drying air. , Trying to reduce the weight.
[0006]
That is, as shown in the figure, the hot garbage generated in the blower g and the heat exchanger e is heated from the air supply line b while the garbage put into the heating mixer a is stirred by the stirring blade h. When it is fed into the mixing mixer a, the garbage in the heating mixer a is forcibly heated and dried by the high-temperature drying air, so that the volume and volume of the garbage are greatly reduced. On the other hand, the drying air in the heating mixer a flows into the exhaust gas line c by heating and drying the garbage to the exhaust gas line c, and the odor component is decomposed by burning again at a high temperature in the deodorizing furnace d. After being deodorized and detoxified, the heat is recovered by the heat exchanger e and then released into the atmosphere.
[0007]
When the garbage is sufficiently dried in this manner, the air supply line b bypasses the heat exchanger e and sends low-temperature (room temperature) cooling air into the heating mixer a. The dried waste is sufficiently cooled and taken out, and then the dried waste is collected by bagging or the like and effectively used as fertilizer or livestock feed.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the conventional garbage dryer having such a configuration, as described above, high temperature drying air is obtained by using the waste heat of the deodorizing furnace d. When the mixer a is enlarged, that is, when a large amount of drying air is required, the deodorizing furnace d as the heat source must be enlarged, but about half or more of the waste heat is kept in the atmosphere. As the deodorizing furnace d is increased in size, the heat loss of the exhaust gas increases and the heat efficiency deteriorates.
[0009]
Also, the type of garbage to be treated by this garbage dryer is not uniform. For example, in the case of garbage mainly composed of rice grains, etc., if this is dried with simple stirring, it is heated in the heating mixer a. In some cases, it will hatch and this may cause inconvenience that it becomes stuck to the stirring blade h or its inner wall and cannot be discharged.
[0010]
Therefore, the present invention has been devised to effectively solve such problems, and its purpose is a novel garbage drying process that is excellent in thermal efficiency and can be dried well regardless of the type of garbage. The machine is provided.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides an air supply line that supplies high-temperature drying air and cooling air to a heating mixer that performs drying treatment while stirring garbage, and an exhaust gas line that exhausts the air. A deodorizer for deodorizing the exhaust gas at a high temperature in the exhaust gas line, and a heater for heating the air with the waste heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the deodorizer in the air supply line In the kitchen garbage dryer, the heating mixer is provided with a stirring blade extending in the longitudinal direction inside a horizontally long body having a circular bottom, and at the top of the horizontally long body, above the stirring blade. a partition wall that partitions the space in the longitudinal direction is provided, in the exhaust gas line, a portion of the exhaust gas is connected to the circulation line to circulate in the air supply line side, the A blower for forcibly extracting the exhaust gas in the heating mixer to the ring line and circulating a part of the exhaust gas back to the air supply line side, and a merge of the circulation line and the air supply line A flow rate control valve whose flow rate is controlled by a temperature sensor provided downstream of the point is provided, and by these blowers and the flow rate control valve, the temperature of the high-temperature drying air flowing through the air supply line is lowered to the optimum temperature, Further, a preheater for preheating the exhaust gas before being introduced into the deodorizer using the heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the deodorizer is connected between the deodorizer and the heater .
[0012]
As a result, a part of the exhaust gas was joined to the high-temperature drying air and circulated, so the amount of exhaust gas to be treated does not change, although a large amount of gas can be passed to the heating mixer. Garbage can be efficiently dried without increasing the size of the blower or deodorizer.
[0013]
Moreover, as shown in claim 2, by providing a dust remover in the exhaust gas line, dusty dry dust generated during the drying process can be effectively removed.
[0014]
And as shown in Claim 3, in the control method of the garbage dryer in any one of the said Claim 1 or 2, the exhaust gas temperature of the heating mixer is always monitored from the time of the said heating mixer operation start. Until the exhaust gas temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, supply only drying air without stirring the garbage, and drive the heating mixer for a short time only when the exhaust gas temperature reaches the predetermined temperature. The operation to stir the garbage is repeated intermittently, and if the drive interval falls below the predetermined time, the heating mixer is driven to continuously stir, and then the exhaust gas temperature reaches the set maximum temperature. If the cooling process is carried out by flowing cooling air instead of air, even if the garbage tends to hatch, it will be dried without causing hatching. Door can be.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, a preferred embodiment for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0016]
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a garbage disposal apparatus according to the present invention.
[0017]
As shown in the figure, this garbage disposal machine exhausts the air to a heating mixer 1 that performs drying treatment while stirring the garbage, and supplies high-temperature drying air and cooling air, and the air. The exhaust gas line L2 is connected, and the exhaust gas line L2 includes a deodorizer 2 that deodorizes the exhaust gas at a high temperature.
[0018]
This heating mixer 1 is provided with a stirring blade 4 extending in the longitudinal direction inside a horizontally long body 3 having a circular bottom, and a garbage input port 5 that can be opened and closed at the top. The garbage thrown into the horizontally elongated body 3 from the garbage entry port 5 is forcibly heated by the high-temperature drying air supplied from the air supply line L1 while being stirred up and down by the stirring blade 4 driven by a motor. The dried exhaust gas is exhausted from the exhaust gas line L2 to the outside.
[0019]
In addition, the exhaust gas line L2 is provided with a temperature sensor T1 that constantly detects the exhaust gas temperature and a sequencer S that controls the motor M1 of the stirring blade 4, and according to the exhaust gas temperature detected by the temperature sensor T1. The motor M1 is sequence-controlled.
[0020]
Further, the air supply line L1 and the exhaust gas line L2 are branched into two by switching valves V1 and V2, respectively (L1-1, L1-2, L2-1, L2-2). They are connected to each other in pairs. The upper part of the horizontally long body 3 is provided with partition walls 6 and 7 for partitioning the upper space of the stirring blade 4 in the longitudinal direction from either one of the air supply lines L1-1 and L1-2. The flowing air is prevented from being exhausted by bypassing the upper space of the stirring blade 4 as it is. In addition, the tip of the stirring blade 4 of the heating mixer 1 is provided with an inclined blade 4a which is inclined obliquely, and an openable and closable discharge port provided at the end of the horizontally long body 3 for drying waste from the drying process. It can be sent out to the 5a side and discharged.
[0021]
On the other hand, the air supply line L1 is provided with a blower 8, a heater 9 and a bypass line L3 for taking air upstream, and the air taken in by the blower 8 is heated by the heater 9 to be dried at a high temperature. While generating working air, the air taken in by the blower 8 is sent as it is as cooling air from the bypass line L3 while avoiding the heater 9 as it is. A flow meter 10 is provided on the downstream side of the blower 8, and the motor for driving the blower 8 is controlled by an inverter to variably control the intake amount of air. Further, the bypass line L3 branches from the air supply line L1 via the switching valve V3 so that air flows along a certain sequence.
[0022]
On the other hand, the deodorizer 2 provided in the exhaust gas line L2 is composed of a gas burner using so-called LPG, LNG or the like as a fuel, or a deodorizing furnace such as an oil burner, and the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas line L2 is used as combustion air as it is. As a result, the odor component contained in the exhaust gas is decomposed with high heat to form a clean gas. A preheater 11 and the heater 9 described above are connected in series downstream of the deodorizer 2 and introduced into the deodorizer 2 using the heat of the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas generated by the deodorizer 2. The previous exhaust gas is preheated by the preheater 11 to increase the combustion efficiency, and the waste heat is recovered and used as a heat source of the drying air by the heater 9. Further, a dust remover 12 such as a cyclone is provided on the upstream side of the exhaust gas line L2, and dry dust discharged together with the exhaust gas from the heating mixer 1 is separated and collected.
[0023]
In the kitchen garbage dryer of the present invention, in particular, a circulation line L4 is provided between the exhaust gas line L2 upstream of the deodorizer 2 and the air supply line L1, and the exhaust gas exhausted from the exhaust gas line L2. A part of the air is combined with high-temperature drying air flowing through the air supply line L1 as it is and circulated.
[0024]
That is, the flow control valve V4 to the circulation line L4, and a blower 13 is provided, together with a forced withdrawn by the exhaust gas blower 13 of the heating mixer 1, a portion of the L1-side air supply line of the exhaust gas At the same time, the temperature of the high-temperature drying air flowing through the air supply line L1 is lowered to the optimum temperature. The flow rate of the flow control valve V4 is steplessly controlled by a temperature sensor T2 provided downstream of the junction of the circulation line L4 and the air supply line L1. The motor M3 that drives the blower 13 is also variably controlled steplessly in accordance with a signal from a pressure sensor P1 provided on the heating mixer 1 side.
[0025]
Next, an example of the action and operation method of the garbage processing machine of the present invention having such a configuration will be described.
[0026]
First, in the case of ordinary garbage, that is, garbage mainly composed of components that are difficult to hatch, a certain amount of garbage is put into the heating mixer 1 and then stirred with the stirring blade 4. An amount of drying air necessary for drying is supplied from the air supply line L1, and the garbage is heated and dried.
[0027]
On the other hand, the drying air whose temperature has been reduced by heating and drying the garbage is exhausted from the exhaust gas line L2 as a relatively low temperature exhaust gas, and after the dusty garbage is separated and collected by the dust remover 12 A part of the air is combined with the drying air flowing through the air supply line L1 as it is through the circulation line L4 by the blower 13 and flows again into the heating mixer 1, while the remaining exhaust gas passes through the preheater 11 as it is. Then, it is sent to the deodorizer 2 side, where it is burned to decompose its odorous components, become odorless and detoxified to become clean gas, and then recover the heat in the preheater 11 and the heater 9 before Will be released inside.
[0028]
As a result, even when the heating mixer 1 is enlarged, a large amount of air can be supplied into the heating mixer 1 without increasing the amount of drying air and exhaust gas to be deodorized. A typical garbage drying process can be carried out. At the same time, it is not necessary to increase the size of the deodorizer 2 and the blower 8, so that an increase in manufacturing cost can be suppressed and exhaust gas heat loss from the deodorizer 2 is reduced, and excellent thermal efficiency is exhibited. can do.
[0029]
By the way, when a part of the exhaust gas is circulated and the air flow rate in the heating mixer 1 is increased in this way, the temperature in the heating mixer 1 is lowered if the temperature of the supplied drying air remains the same. , Efficient drying process cannot be performed. That is, in the case of normal garbage, the optimum drying temperature is about 200 ° C. If it is too high, the garbage will be carbonized and cannot be reused. This is because the processing efficiency is remarkably deteriorated.
[0030]
For this reason, in this embodiment, it is necessary to heat the drying air in advance in the heater 9 to about 400 ° C., for example, so that even if low-temperature exhaust gas (about 80 ° C.) joins, the drying air is dried. The optimum temperature can be maintained. In order to raise the drying air, it is not particularly necessary to enlarge the deodorizer 2 itself, and it can be easily achieved by improving the heat recovery rate in the heater 9. Further, when supplying this high-temperature drying air into the heating mixer 1, it is preferable to switch the switching valves V1 and V2 alternately every predetermined time. That is, if the supply location of the drying air is constant, the garbage is shifted to the downstream side, and effective drying treatment cannot be performed.
[0031]
Next, in the case of garbage that is easily hatched mainly composed of rice grains and the like, instead of starting the stirring immediately after charging as described above, as shown in FIG. In addition, it is necessary to go through a certain sequence control operation such as intermittent stirring operation and continuous operation.
[0032]
That is, in the case of high-viscosity garbage containing rice grains as a main component as described above, if stirring is started before drying to some extent, this will hatch immediately after stirring, resulting in stirring blades 4 and inner walls. This is because it becomes sticky and it becomes difficult to discharge.
[0033]
Therefore, in the case of garbage that tends to hatch, as shown in FIG. 2, first, a drying process using only dry air is performed without driving the stirring blade 4 for a certain period of time from the start of charging the garbage. The estimation of the dry state can be detected by constantly detecting the temperature of the exhaust gas with the temperature sensor T1. That is, in the initial drying stage, the temperature of the garbage is low and contains a large amount of water, so the exhaust gas temperature is also low. However, as the evaporation proceeds and the water content decreases, the exhaust gas temperature gradually increases. It is because it comes to rise. Therefore, immediately after the start of the non-stirring operation, the temperature of the exhaust gas is low, but as time elapses, the temperature of the exhaust gas gradually increases as the drying proceeds. When the exhaust gas temperature reaches a certain temperature T2, the stirring blade 4 is stopped for a certain period of time, for example, several turns. Then, the internal garbage that is not in direct contact with the drying air is exposed, the water evaporates all at once, the exhaust gas temperature once decreases, and then rises again. If this exhaust gas temperature reaches the temperature T2 again, In this case, an intermittent operation is performed in which the stirring blade 4 is stopped after being rotated several times.
[0034]
Next, if such intermittent operation is gradually shortened due to an increase in the temperature of the garbage, the drying has progressed to such an extent that the hatching state is avoided. When the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature T3, that is, a temperature at which it is recognized that the drying is sufficiently completed, the drying waste is changed to a predetermined temperature by switching from the drying air to the cooling air by the valve V3 of the air supply line L1. The drying process is completed by cooling to T1, for example, to the extent that an operator or the like can handle with bare hands.
[0035]
Therefore, even in the case of garbage that tends to hatch through a series of processes such as non-stirring operation → intermittent stirring operation → continuous operation → cooling according to the exhaust gas temperature in this way, it is favorable without causing hatching. It becomes possible to perform a drying process.
[0036]
As another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3A, in the case of a medium-sized heating mixer 31A with little uneven temperature distribution, the air supply line L1 is placed at the center of the horizontally long body 5. If so connected, is exhausted from both sides, it is possible to further simplify the structure, and as shown in FIG. 3 (B), further the case of a small heating mixer 31B is dry dust Therefore, constant temperature air may be allowed to flow only from one direction.
[0037]
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 4, it is also possible to use an electric heater 2a filled with an odor component decomposition catalyst such as platinum instead of the deodorizer 2, and decompose the odor component by its heat and catalytic action. . Further, when no catalyst is attached to the electric heater 2a, the thermal efficiency is slightly lowered, but the cost can be reduced accordingly.
[0038]
In addition, in the case of raw garbage such as vegetable scraps and fish that are not likely to hatch, a mode changeover switch may be provided as necessary so that continuous operation is started from the beginning.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
In short, according to the present invention, since a part of the exhaust gas is combined with the high-temperature drying air and circulated, the garbage can be efficiently dried without increasing the size of the blower or deodorizer. Can do. As a result, exhaust gas heat loss from the deodorizer is reduced, and it is possible to exhibit excellent thermal efficiency, thereby reducing the operating cost. In addition, by the constant sequence control, it is possible to perform a favorable drying process without hatching even garbage that tends to hatch, and the excellent effects of improving reliability and practicality are exhibited.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a garbage disposal according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sequence diagram showing an example of a method for operating the garbage processing machine according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the garbage processing machine according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the garbage processing machine according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an example of implementation of a conventional garbage disposal machine.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Heating mixer 2 Deodorizer 8 Blower 9 Heater
11 Preheater
12 Dust remover
L1 air supply line
L2 exhaust gas line
L4 Circulation line T Temperature sensor V Valve

Claims (3)

An air supply line that supplies high-temperature drying air and cooling air and an exhaust gas line that exhausts the air are connected to a heating mixer that performs drying treatment while stirring garbage, and the exhaust gas is connected to the exhaust gas line. In a garbage dryer provided with a deodorizer for deodorizing at a high temperature, and provided with a heater for heating air with waste heat of exhaust gas discharged from the deodorizer in the air supply line,
The heating mixer is provided with a stirring blade extending in the longitudinal direction in a horizontally long body having a circular bottom, and a partition for partitioning an upper space of the stirring blade in a longitudinal direction at an upper portion of the horizontally long body. A wall,
A circulation line is connected to the exhaust gas line so as to circulate a part of the exhaust gas to the air supply line side, and the exhaust gas in the heating mixer is forcibly extracted to the circulation line, and a part of the exhaust gas And a flow control valve whose flow rate is controlled by a temperature sensor provided downstream of the junction of the circulation line and the air supply line. The temperature of the high-temperature drying air flowing through the air supply line is lowered to the optimum temperature by the blower and flow control valve, and the heat of exhaust gas discharged from the deodorizer is used between the deodorizer and the heater. A garbage dryer characterized by connecting a preheater that preheats the exhaust gas before being introduced into the deodorizer .   The garbage dryer according to claim 1, wherein a dust remover is provided in the exhaust gas line. In the method for controlling a garbage dryer according to claim 1 or 2 , the exhaust gas temperature of the heating mixer is constantly monitored from the start of the heating mixer operation until the exhaust gas temperature reaches a predetermined temperature. Only the drying air is supplied without stirring the garbage, and only when the exhaust gas temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, the heating mixer is driven for a short time to stir the garbage. When the driving interval becomes a predetermined time or less, the heating mixer is continuously stirred and driven. After that, when the exhaust gas temperature reaches the set maximum temperature, the cooling step is performed by flowing cooling air instead of the drying air. The operation method of the garbage dryer characterized by having made it.

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