JP4204918B2 - Processing system and processing method for effectively using biomass resources - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a processing system and a processing method for effectively using biomass resources including plants, livestock products, seafood, or wastes thereof, or filth such as food waste and feces of livestock products.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as means for generating and recovering methane (CH ₄ ) gas from biomass resources, for example, Patent Document 1 describes.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-170695 [0004]
However, the methane gas refining facility described in Patent Document 1 has a low methane gas recovery rate, and most of the biomass resources after the methane gas is purified becomes a digested liquid containing residues, and this digested liquid is a chemical injection. It is necessary to carry out a cleaning process such as charging of sludge and sludge, and the cost for the cleaning process has increased. For this reason, it is desirable to minimize the production amount of the final residue for the cleaning treatment.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to efficiently separate and recover methane gas and hydrogen gas from biomass resources including filth such as plants, livestock products, fishery products or their wastes, or garbage such as garbage and livestock excrement, and finally An object of the present invention is to provide a processing system and a processing method for effectively using biomass resources, which can reduce the amount of the residue generated as much as possible and reduce the cleaning processing cost.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the processing system for effectively using the biomass resource of the present invention is a biomass resource containing filth such as plants, livestock products, seafood or wastes thereof, or raw garbage or livestock dung. Is heated to 30 to 90 ° C to produce methane gas and digestive liquid containing residues, and the methane fermentation apparatus that separates and recovers the generated methane gas, and the digested liquid produced by the methane fermentation apparatus, the temperature exceeds 250 ° C and 400 ° C. Heat in a high-temperature and high-pressure atmosphere with a pressure of 0.01 to 14.7 MPa at a temperature of ℃ or less to produce an aqueous solution containing methane gas, organic acid, oil, and residue, and separate and recover the produced methane gas, organic acid, and oil Moisture that separates and recovers the generated water vapor by heating the digestive liquid produced by the subcritical device and the methane fermentation device and / or the aqueous solution produced by the subcritical device at 105 ° C or higher to produce water vapor and residue. The residue produced by the leaving device and the water removal device is heated at a temperature of 320 to 850 ° C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to produce carbides and energy gas mainly composed of methane and hydrogen. And a carbonization / energy gas recovery device that separates and collects gas.
[0007]
Moreover, the processing method for effectively using the biomass resource of the present invention is a 30 to 90 ° C. biomass resource containing filth such as plants, livestock products, seafood or waste thereof, or raw garbage or livestock excrement. The methane fermentation process that separates and recovers the generated methane gas, and the digestion liquid generated in the methane fermentation process is set to a temperature exceeding 250 ° C and 400 ° C or less. A subcritical process of heating in a high-temperature and high-pressure atmosphere at a pressure of 0.01 to 14.7 MPa to produce an aqueous solution containing methane gas, organic acid, oil and residue, and separating and recovering the produced methane gas, organic acid and oil; A water removal process that heats the digestive juice produced in the methane fermentation device and / or the aqueous solution produced in the subcritical device at 105 ° C or higher to produce water vapor and residue, and separates and recovers the produced water vapor; The residue produced in step 1 is heated at a temperature of 320 to 850 ° C in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to produce carbides and energy gas mainly composed of methane and hydrogen, and carbonization and energy that separates and recovers carbides and energy gas. And a gas recovery process.
[0008]
Furthermore, the biomass resources are preferably processed in the methane fermentation process after being crushed into a paste and then processed in the methane fermentation process. In addition, the oil produced in the subcritical process is more preferably used as biodiesel fuel oil. Is preferred.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A processing system for effectively using biomass resources according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart for explaining a typical processing system of the present invention.
[0010]
The processing system 1 of the present invention mainly includes a methane fermentation apparatus 2, a subcritical apparatus 3, a moisture removing apparatus 4, and a carbonization / energy gas recovery apparatus 5.
[0011]
The methane fermentation apparatus 2 uses biomass resources including filth such as plants, livestock products, fishery products or their wastes, or garbage such as food waste or livestock dung, and heats the biomass resources to 30 to 90 ° C. This is a device that generates methane gas and digestive juice containing residues, and separates and recovers the generated methane gas by, for example, the gas holder 6. The recovery rate of the methane gas produced by the methane fermentation apparatus 2 is about 5% by mass of the total biomass resources input, and is collected and sent to the gas holder 6, and the remaining 95% is a residue. Since it is used as a biomass resource (raw material) of the low-temperature carbonization device 4 after passing through the drying device 3 in the process, no residue is produced in the treatment of the methane fermentation device 2.
[0012]
The subcritical apparatus 3 heats the digested liquid produced in the methane fermentation apparatus 2 in a high-temperature and high-pressure atmosphere with a temperature exceeding 250 ° C. and not exceeding 400 ° C. and a pressure of 0.01 to 14.7 MPa. This is an apparatus for producing an aqueous solution containing oil and residue, and separately collecting the produced methane gas, organic acid and oil.
[0013]
In the present invention, in particular, by the treatment of the subcritical apparatus 3, it is mainly possible to efficiently recover 72% by mass or more of the whole digested liquid, and further 70% by mass or more of methane gas from the whole of the input biomass resources. Features.
[0014]
Moreover, the organic acid produced | generated from the subcritical apparatus 3 can be widely used for additives, such as health food, for example, and the oil produced | generated from the subcritical apparatus 3 is biodiesel fuel oil, such as a bath. Can be used as fuel oil for boiler power generation devices (not shown), and biomass resources can be used effectively.
[0015]
The water removing device 4 heats the digested liquid produced by the methane fermentation device 2 and / or the aqueous solution produced by the subcritical device 3 at 105 ° C. or more, preferably 200 to 700 ° C. to produce water vapor and residue, This is an apparatus for separating and recovering the generated water vapor. The separated and collected water vapor may be used, for example, in a boiler power generator.
[0016]
The carbonization / energy gas recovery device 5 heats the residue generated by the moisture removal device 4 at a temperature of 320 to 850 ° C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to generate energy gas mainly composed of carbide, methane and hydrogen. However, it is an apparatus for separating and collecting carbides and energy gas, and hardly produces any residue. However, when the residue is produced in the carbonizer, a melting furnace (not shown), for example, a reducing gasification melting furnace that melts the residue at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher, is further provided, and the residue is melted at a high temperature to render it harmless. With this configuration, even if a residue is generated in the carbonization apparatus, the residue can be completely detoxified in the melting furnace, so that no residue is generated in the system.
[0017]
The generated hydrogen gas is sent to a gas holder (not shown) through a gas reformer (not shown), and then effectively used as a fuel for a boiler power generation device or a raw material for a hydrogen fuel cell (not shown), for example. do it.
[0018]
If the biomass resources remain in a large shape, processing such as methane fermentation may not be carried out efficiently. In such a case, as shown in FIG. It is preferable to process with the methane fermentation apparatus 2 after passing.
[0019]
Next, the processing method of the present invention will be described.
First, the biomass resource is heated to 30 to 90 ° C. to produce methane gas and a digested liquid containing a residue, and the produced methane gas is separated and recovered (methane fermentation step).
This is because if the temperature is less than 30 ° C., the methane fermentation bacteria do not act, and if it exceeds 90 ° C., the methane fermentation bacteria die.
[0020]
Next, the digested liquid produced in the methane fermentation process is heated in a high-temperature and high-pressure atmosphere at a temperature of 250 ° C. to 400 ° C. and a pressure of 0.01 to 14.7 MPa, and methane gas, organic acid, oil, and residue are removed. An aqueous solution containing this is generated, and the generated methane gas, organic acid and oil are separated and recovered (subcritical process).
This is because if the temperature of the atmosphere is 250 ° C. or lower, the subcritical state is not obtained, and even if the temperature exceeds 400 ° C., the effect is not further improved and energy is wasted. In addition, if the pressure of the atmosphere is less than 0.01 MPa, the subcritical state is not obtained, and if it exceeds 14.7 MPa, the effect is not further improved and energy is wasted. The pressure is more preferably 4 MPa or more and less than 8 MPa.
[0021]
Thereafter, the digestive juice produced in the methane fermentation device and / or the aqueous solution produced in the subcritical device is heated at 105 ° C. or higher, preferably 200 to 1200 ° C. to produce water vapor and residue, and the produced water vapor is separated and recovered. (Moisture removal step).
[0022]
And the residue produced | generated by the water | moisture-content removal process is heated at the temperature of 320-850 degreeC in non-oxidizing atmosphere, a carbide | carbonized_material and hydrogen gas are produced | generated, and a carbide | carbonized_material and hydrogen gas are fractionally collected (carbonization and energy gas collection | recovery) Process).
This is because if the temperature is less than 320 ° C., carbide is not generated, and if it exceeds 850 ° C., the energy gas cannot be recovered. In addition, the non-oxidizing atmosphere here means an atmosphere filled with an inert gas such as N ₂ or Ar and containing almost no oxygen.
[0023]
Using the processing system of the present invention, 1 kg of biomass resources consisting of fish ara was processed.
As a result, the recovery efficiency of methane gas recovered when processed by the processing system of the present invention is
20 to 70%, which is much higher than the recovery efficiency (3 to 7%) of methane gas recovered by conventional processing equipment, and there was almost no final residue that needed to be cleaned. . In addition to the production of methane gas, the treatment system of the present invention was able to produce useful substances such as hydrogen gas, organic acid, and biodiesel fuel oil that are not produced by conventional methane fermentation apparatuses.
[0024]
The above description is merely an example of the embodiment of the present invention, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the claims.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a processing method and a processing system for effectively using biomass resources including plants, livestock products, seafood or waste thereof, or filth such as raw garbage and feces of livestock products. became.
[0026]
Moreover, in the present invention, by appropriately processing the biomass resources in stages, the final residue is hardly generated, and in addition to the generation of methane gas at a low cost, the hydrogen that is not generated by the conventional methane fermentation apparatus. There is a remarkable effect that useful substances such as gas, organic acid, and biodiesel fuel oil can be produced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a processing system for effectively using a representative biomass resource according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing system 2 Methane fermentation apparatus 3 Subcritical apparatus 4 Drying apparatus 5 Carbonization apparatus 6 Gas holder 7 Crusher

Claims (4)

Biomass resources containing filth such as plants, livestock products, fishery products or their wastes, or garbage such as garbage and livestock excrement are heated to 30-90 ° C. to produce methane gas and digestive juice containing residues, A methane fermentation apparatus for separating and recovering the generated methane gas;
The digested liquid produced in the methane fermentation apparatus is heated in a high-temperature and high-pressure atmosphere in which the temperature is higher than 250 ° C. and lower than 400 ° C. and the pressure is 0.01 to 14.7 MPa, and methane gas, organic acid, oil, and residue A subcritical device for producing an aqueous solution containing methane, separating and recovering the produced methane gas, organic acid and oil;
A water removing device that heats the aqueous solution produced in the subcritical device at 105 ° C. or higher to produce water vapor and residue, and separates and recovers the produced water vapor;
The residue generated by the moisture removal device is heated at a temperature of 320 to 850 ° C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to generate carbides and energy gas mainly composed of methane and hydrogen, and the carbides and energy gas are separated and recovered. Carbonization and energy gas recovery equipment,
A processing system for effectively using biomass resources characterized by comprising: Biomass resources containing filth such as plants, livestock products, fishery products or their wastes, or garbage such as garbage and livestock excrement are heated to 30-90 ° C. to produce methane gas and digestive juice containing residues, A methane fermentation process for separating and recovering the generated methane gas;
The digested liquid produced in the methane fermentation process is heated in a high-temperature and high-pressure atmosphere in which the temperature is 250 ° C. and 400 ° C. or less and the pressure is 0.01 to 14.7 MPa, and methane gas, organic acid, oil, and residue A subcritical process for producing an aqueous solution containing methane, separating and collecting the produced methane gas, organic acid and oil;
A water removal step of heating the aqueous solution produced in the subcritical apparatus at 105 ° C. or higher to produce water vapor and residue, and separating and recovering the produced water vapor;
The residue generated in the moisture removal step is heated at a temperature of 320 to 850 ° C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to generate carbides and energy gas mainly composed of methane and hydrogen, and the carbides and energy gas are separated and recovered. Carbonization / energy gas recovery process,
A processing method for effectively using biomass resources characterized by comprising:   The processing method for effectively using biomass resources according to claim 2, wherein the biomass resources are processed in a methane fermentation step after being pulverized into pastes.   The processing method for using effectively the biomass resource of Claim 2 or 3 which uses the oil produced | generated by the subcritical process as biodiesel fuel oil.

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