JPH11300326A - Living waste non-residue treatment and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of non-residue treating living waste and device therefor in which living waste discarded from restaurants, hotels, facilities for providing meals of schools and hospitals, or the like is treated by an extremely small facilities and so that there is no material wastefully dumped. SOLUTION: A living waste non-residue treating system 1 is constituted including a fermenting decomposition device 10 in which after bacteria is mixed with living waste by a prescribed amount and the waste is pulverized and mixed, it is fermented and decomposed while air is given to it, a screening device 50 for separating a residue by a screen into a fine granular composted product and a heat decomposing residue, and a heat decomposing treatment device 60 in which the heat decomposing residue is fed into a heat decomposition furnace to heat decompose plastic to make it combustible gas and to carbonize wood to make it charcoal.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the treatment of domestic waste generated from restaurants, inns, food service facilities, etc. (in the present specification, human waste and garbage are collectively referred to as "living waste"). The present invention relates to a method and a system therefor, and more particularly to a method and an apparatus for residue-free treatment of household waste in which all can be effectively used and no waste is thrown away.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, household waste discarded from restaurants, inns, school lunch facilities, etc., includes leftovers such as meat, fish and vegetable bread, plastic products such as cups and straws, disposable chopsticks and skewers. Wood products are mixed. For this reason, if these were given as feed to pigs, plastic products were taken into the body, causing intestinal obstruction and indigestion, and accidents such as sticks sticking to the mouth and the like often occurred. Furthermore, around the city, the number of pig farmers themselves is decreasing, and vehicles that collect garbage emit off-flavors and odors, which makes it difficult during the daytime to collect them in urban areas due to residents' problems.

However, since domestic waste generally contains a large amount of water, there is a disadvantage that a large amount of fuel is required for incineration. Also, in the case of pulverizing treatment and flowing into sewage, there is a risk that the blades of the pulverizer may be damaged unless wooden products such as disposable chopsticks and skewers are removed. On the other hand, plastic products such as cups and straws can be pulverized by a pulverizer, but secondary and tertiary processing steps are required, such as scooping with a net etc. at a sewage treatment plant and separately processing. .

[0004] Furthermore, a method of purifying such household waste using bacteria has recently been proposed. Conventionally, there are two types of purification treatments, a purification treatment using microorganisms in nature and a purification treatment using microorganisms added intentionally. As an example of a treatment using microorganisms in nature, there is a treatment in which sludge is buried in the ground and purified by natural fermentation and decomposition by microorganisms. As a treatment using a microorganism intentionally added, a method using a thermophilic bacterium has been proposed. Thermophiles grow at temperatures higher than the temperature range at which normal room temperature microorganisms grow, and they not only degrade organic matter, but also expose pathogens and harmful parasite eggs in sludge to high temperatures. It can be inactivated.

As a specific treatment process, fermentation is initiated by bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and the like that grow at relatively low temperatures among various microorganisms that inhabit the sludge, and these fermentations proceed in the composting process. At the same time, the cells rapidly proliferate, and at the same time, the temperature rises to 30 to 60 ° C. due to the heat of decomposition of organic substances. At this time, yeasts, molds, nitric acid bacteria, etc., which are sensitive to temperature, die. When the temperature rises, the thermophile added intentionally begins to proliferate, and the fermentation heat further increases, inactivating most of pathogenic bacteria, diseased eggs, harmful insect eggs, viruses, and weed seeds, and is harmless to humans and animals. It becomes something. By using not only normal thermophiles but also thermophiles with particularly high thermophilicity such as biocolonies and bioheats (both manufactured by Biospecial Co., Ltd.) It is possible to raise and ferment. By using thermophiles in this way, fermentation at higher temperatures becomes possible, and therefore the treatment time can be significantly reduced as compared to natural fermentation, and the purification and stabilization of sludge can be further enhanced. There is such a merit.

There is also a method using phototrophic bacteria as the above bacteria. Specifically, as a bacterium, a phototrophic bacterium which is immobilized on a carrier is added to a target object (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No.
No. 111694), and a device for processing an object by mixing the bacteria immobilized on a carrier into a pipe-shaped processing tube device (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-224592). Here, "phototrophic bacteria" generally refer to photosynthetic bacteria (Ph
Bacteria called otosynthetic bacteria) are described in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriol.
ogy 8th edition (1974) ", according to the classification established by Phototrophic bacteria. Specifically, there is no particular limitation,
Rhodospirilliaceae including Rhodospirillum, Rhodopseudomonas and Rhodomicrobium; Chromatiaceae including chromatium; Chlorobiaceae including Chlorbium alone or 2
A mixture of more than one species can be used.

[0007] The phototrophic bacterium alone is preyed by predators in the treatment tank, and it is inconvenient to replenish the phototrophic bacterium during the treatment in order to maintain the treatment efficiency at a predetermined level. As an embodiment, a "carrier" for immobilizing the phototrophic bacterium therein can be used by adding it at a predetermined ratio to the phototrophic bacterium. As such a "carrier", porous particles are preferable in terms of a high fixation rate of phototrophic bacteria, and more specifically, perlite, vermiculite, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon, and porous ceramics are preferable. In addition to the porous particles, a polyvinyl tube filled with a carrier containing immobilized phototrophic bacteria or a hydrogel carrier such as sodium alginate and / or calcium alginate can also be used as a preferred carrier. In the case of the phototrophic bacteria described above,
This is a type of fungus that can be used as compost after treating sludge. Some types of soil microorganisms such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas can be used.
monas), Nitrobacter, Nitoromonas, Fiavobac
terium), Micrococcus, Achrobacter, Candida, Endomycopsis, Methanobacter
In the case of strains of about 30 types of bacteria such as anobacter), enzymes and yeast, substantially all garbage such as meat, fish, cereals and vegetables is fermented and decomposed. Such strains have also been used for special purposes such as garbage.

However, of the above-mentioned conventional purification treatments, treatments utilizing microorganisms in nature require a long period of time to be purified and have a strong fermentation odor. There is also the fact that modern urban housing is scarce on the soil. The purification efficiency of human waste other than garbage is not yet sufficient. Furthermore, treatment using intentionally added microorganisms is regarded as promising as a new purification treatment method without the above-mentioned problem. However, although the basic principle has been established as described above, the treatment can be performed efficiently. A system and an apparatus for performing the operation simply and quickly have not been proposed yet, and have not been put to practical use.
In particular, not only large-scale processing at the company or local government level,
There is also a demand for the practical use of relatively small-scale processing devices such as restaurants, inns, and catering facilities.

[0009]

With such a background, household waste discarded from restaurants, inns, school hospital catering facilities, etc. is processed in and out of the facilities or in the vicinity thereof. It is desired to develop a method and a system for residue-free treatment of household waste in which all the coming things can be used effectively and there is no waste. In particular, there is a need to develop a method and a system for residue-free treatment of household waste that is capable of treating household waste mixed with foreign substances such as garbage, plastic, and wood products without adversely affecting the environment. ing.

[0010] Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a living waste that is disposed of from a restaurant, a ryokan, a school hospital lunch facility, or the like, in an extremely small facility and without waste. It is to provide a residue-free treatment method and system. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a system for residue-free treatment of household waste, which can treat domestic waste mixed with foreign substances such as garbage, plastic, and wood products without adversely affecting the environment. To provide.

[0011]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, which solves the above-mentioned problems, a predetermined amount of bacteria is mixed with household waste, and the resulting mixture is pulverized and mixed, and then fermented and decomposed while applying air. A fermentation decomposition process, a sieving process of separating the residue into fine-grained composted products and a pyrolysis residue with a sieve, and the pyrolysis residue is pyrolyzed into waste plastic in a pyrolysis furnace to burn the plastic The present invention provides a residue-free treatment method for household waste, which comprises a pyrolysis step of gasifying wood and carbonizing it into charcoal. In the fermentation / decomposition step, residual rice such as meat, fish and vegetable bread in household waste is fermented by the action of bacteria and decomposed into carbon dioxide and water. The remaining processed material is classified into fine particulate compost and foreign substances composed of plastic and wood products. This is divided into compost and other in the sieving process, the former is used as compost as an agricultural fertilizer, and the latter is processed by a pyrolysis process. That is, the waste plastic inside the foreign matter is converted into fuel as combustible gas, and the wood products are carbonized in an oxygen-free state to form charcoal.

[0012] According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the method for treating residue-free household waste according to the first aspect, prior to the fermentation decomposition step, the plastic bag of the household waste stored in the plastic bag is further removed. The method is characterized in that the method includes a step of transferring and putting the plastic bag into a pyrolysis furnace, while allowing tearing and domestic waste to be fermented and decomposed. Since plastic bags cannot be processed in the fermentation decomposition process and must be subjected to thermal decomposition, they are directly transferred to the pyrolysis furnace.

[0013] The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1 or 2.
In the method for residue-free treatment of household waste described in the above, the fermentation decomposition step is to leave at least a part of the processed product obtained by fermentation decomposition of the household waste as a return material, and mix it with new household waste. It is characterized by mixing a predetermined amount of bacteria. Minimizing the use of expensive bacteria by reusing some of the bacteria that grew as a result of the fermentation of household waste as return material.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the method for residue-free treatment of household waste according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein a thermophilic bacterium is used as a bacterium in the fermentation decomposition step.
Fermentation and decomposition of domestic waste in the range of 0-120 ° C. Thereby, the water content of the processed material can be reduced practically, and the water removal step of the processed material in the thermal decomposition step can be substantially eliminated.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the method for treating household waste according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, wherein water in the processed material is removed by bacteria and / or bacteria by heat generated during fermentation in the fermentation decomposition step. It is characterized in that a vapor including a odor component is converted into a vapor, and the vapor or condensed water obtained by condensing the vapor is collected and sprayed or sprayed on or near the odor source. It is possible to substantially eliminate off-flavors and odors associated with this type of domestic waste disposal method, improve the working environment of workers, and prevent discomfort to neighboring residents.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the method for treating household waste according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, the sieving step comprises the steps of: And a hopper that separates the residue into fine-grained composted products and pyrolysis residues through a sieve, and by this process, the processed material is converted from fine particulate compost and plastic and wood products. This is characterized by being classified into compost and other substances in the sieving process.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided the method for residue-free treatment of household waste according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the pyrolysis step comprises the step of selecting the type of plastic contained in the household waste. From the lower thermal decomposition temperature of each of the above, the plastic is thermally decomposed by maintaining the temperature slightly higher than the thermal decomposition temperature for a predetermined time, and then the plastic having the higher thermal decomposition temperature is sequentially pyrolyzed. It is characterized by becoming.

In a second embodiment of the present invention, a predetermined amount of bacteria is mixed with domestic waste, and the resulting mixture is pulverized and mixed. A sieving device that separates the granular composted product and pyrolysis residue, and a thermolysis furnace that pyrolyzes waste plastic in a pyrolysis furnace to convert waste plastic into combustible gas and carbonizes wood into carbon. A residue-free treatment device for household waste, comprising a decomposition treatment device. The household waste-free treatment apparatus further cuts the plastic bag of the household waste stored in the plastic bag, enables the fermentation and decomposition of the household waste, and transfers the plastic bag to a pyrolysis furnace. A pretreatment device can be installed.

The present invention also provides the apparatus for treating household waste without residue according to the above aspect, wherein the fermentation decomposition apparatus leaves at least a part of the processed product obtained by fermentation decomposition of the household waste as a return material, A predetermined amount of bacteria is mixed by mixing various household wastes, and the sieving apparatus is interposed between the fermentation decomposition step and the pyrolysis step, and the residue is finely composted with a sieve. It has a hopper for separating the product and the residue for pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis apparatus has a lower pyrolysis temperature for each type of plastic contained in household waste, and has a higher temperature than the pyrolysis temperature. To decompose the plastic by holding it at a slightly higher temperature for a predetermined period of time, and then decompose the plastic at a higher pyrolysis temperature sequentially in a pyrolysis furnace to make it a combustible gas and carbonize the wood to charcoal. Consists of Providing residue-free processing apparatus of the active waste.

[0020]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, an outline of a method and a system for residue-free treatment of household waste according to the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of one embodiment of a household waste-free residue treatment system according to the present invention. The household waste-free residue treatment system 1 according to the present invention is roughly charged with a domestic waste, mixed with a predetermined amount of bacteria, crushed and mixed for a predetermined time, and then fermented and decomposed while applying air. Fermentation decomposition equipment 1
0, a sieving device 50 that separates the residue from the fermentation decomposition device 10 into fine-grained composted products and pyrolysis residues, and waste plastics in the pyrolysis residue are pyrolyzed to combustible Pyrolysis treatment equipment 6 to gasify wood and carbonize it into charcoal
0 is included.

First, various embodiments of the fermentation decomposition apparatus shown in FIG. 1 will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the first embodiment of the present invention viewed from the outer peripheral wall portion direction, FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the first embodiment viewed from the side plate direction, and FIG. 4 is a side view of the first embodiment viewed from the side plate direction. Is shown. FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the second embodiment of the present invention viewed from the side plate. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the third embodiment viewed from the side plate.

First, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. That is, in the first embodiment of the present invention, the mixing drum 11 is basically rotatably supported on the base 30 via the rotation support device 31, and the mixing drum 11 has a diameter of about 2 m. It is formed in a cylindrical shape and is rotated at a low speed by a rotation support device 31.

Side plates 1 are provided on both sides of the mixing drum 11.
2 and 12 are mounted in a face contact manner. The side plates 12, 12
Is supported by the support arms 21 and 21 via the rotary drive shaft 22, and is constantly pressed against the side surface of the mixing drum 11 with a constant pressure by the pressing mechanisms 13 and 13 provided on the support arms 21 and 21 as the support mechanism. And is supported non-rotatably. The support arms 21 are erected on the outside of both sides of the mixing drum 11 in a portal shape. In addition, the said support mechanism is not limited to the pressing mechanisms 13 and 13,
The side plates 12, 12 may be supported by other methods such as suction from the inside of the mixing drum 11. A packing material 14 is interposed between the side plate 12 and the side surface of the mixing drum 11.

Further, the peripheral wall of the cylinder of the mixing drum 11 is formed of a double wall of an outer peripheral wall region a and an inner peripheral wall region b, thereby improving the heat insulation and heat retention inside. The heat insulating property and the heat retaining property may be further improved by passing a heating pipe for circulating hot water between the double walls or by filling a heat insulating material. The mixing drum 1
The peripheral wall of one cylinder does not necessarily have to be a double wall, and may be a single wall. In this case, a heat insulating film or the like is provided on the outside of the mixing drum in order to maintain heat insulation and heat insulation inside the mixing drum. May be wound. An inlet / outlet opening 18 for taking in or taking out sludge is formed on the outer peripheral wall 11a side. The inlet / outlet opening 18 has a lower surface integrally continuous with the lower surface of the outer peripheral wall portion 11a. The inlet / outlet opening 18 is located between the drive rollers 32, 32, which will be described later, and has a substantially wide shape in the longitudinal direction of the mixing drum 11. Become. The inlet / outlet 18 is provided with an inlet / outlet valve 19a at the opening to prevent the vapor and odor in the mixing drum 11 from being discharged to the outside.

The inner peripheral wall 11b of the mixing drum 11 is provided with a large number of scooping fins 15 and 15 made of a long thin plate in the longitudinal direction thereof. Are formed to be inclined with respect to the inner peripheral wall portion 11b. And the mixing drum 1
Sludge is scooped up by one rotation. Although the mixing drum 11 is formed in a cylindrical shape, it may be formed in a polygonal cylinder such as a hexagon or an octagon.

The air supply port 1 is provided on both side plates 12 and 12.
6 and 16 are provided so that air can be mixed into the mixing drum 11 from both sides, and an air vent 17 is provided in one side plate 12 so that air can be discharged from the mixing drum 11. Air is mixed into the mixing drum 11 from the air supply ports 16 and 16 to promote fermentation of sludge, and steam and odor generated and filled by the fermentation process are discharged from the air vent 17 to the outside. is there. Further, by making the inside of the mixing drum 11 slightly negative pressure with respect to the outside air pressure, air can be naturally mixed. By providing a temperature sensor in the mixing drum 11, the fermentation temperature of the sludge is constantly measured, and the air pressure is adjusted according to the fermentation temperature to allow air to flow in and out, thereby adjusting the fermentation temperature. The air supply ports 16, 16 are provided with check valves 19b, 19b so that the household waste and air in the mixing drum 11 do not flow back through the air supply ports 16, 16. A pipe 38 for guiding the steam discharged to the outside from the air vent 17 to the outside or water condensed with the steam to the air supply port 16 again;
A condenser 39 for condensing the steam is provided in the middle of the mixing, and the steam generated during the fermentation is circulated again in the mixing drum 11 so that the odor generated in the mixing drum 11 can be eliminated. This is a preferred embodiment because it can be smelled.

Next, the mixing drum 11 is provided with a pulverizing and mixing mechanism 20 for uniformly pulverizing the sludge fed therein and mixing the sludge uniformly with the bacteria to promote uniform fermentation. The pulverizing / mixing mechanism 20 includes the rotary drive shaft 22, a rotary blade 23 attached to the rotary drive shaft 22, flywheels 25 for smooth rotation of the rotary drive shaft 22, and the rotary drive shaft 22. And a driving device 24 for rotating the driving shaft 22 at high speed. The rotary drive shaft 22 has the side arms 12, 12 and the flywheels 25, 25 interposed therebetween, and the support arms 21, 2
1 to be rotatably supported.

The rotary drive shaft 22 is connected to the mixing drum 11.
It is mounted eccentrically at a position on the rotation ascending side which is the upper side of the rotation center of the above and where the scooped sludge falls, and is close to the scooping fin 15 on the rotation ascending side. The rotary wings 23 are composed of a large number of wavy wings, and these wavy wings are formed by being axially mounted substantially perpendicularly to the rotary drive shaft 22. In addition, a screw is formed by radially attaching three wavy wings to one layer to form a screw, and a large number of such screws are formed in a layered manner in the axial direction. Further, the rotating wings 23 may be formed by arranging a number of wavy wings in a spiral and attaching the rotating wings 23 to the rotation driving shaft 22. The periphery of the wavy wing is formed with a sharp tip, and the rotary drive shaft 2
2 is rotated at a high speed by the driving device 24, the rotary wings 23 rotate at a high speed and pulverize the sludge into tears.

Flywheels 25, 25 are attached to the outside of the side plates 12, 12, respectively. The flywheels 25, 25 are provided for smoothing the rotation of the rotary drive shaft 22 constituting the crushing and mixing mechanism 20 and reducing the cutting load when cutting the sludge supplied by the rotary wings 23. In the present embodiment, the center is pivotally supported by the rotary drive shaft 22. However, if the rotary wing 23 has a sufficient inertial force, it is not always necessary to provide the rotary wing 23. Further, a rotary drive device 24 for rotating the rotary drive shaft 22 to drive the crushing and mixing mechanism 20 is mounted outside the one flywheel 25. With the above configuration, the sludge scooped up by the scooping fins 15 along with the rotation of the mixing drum 11 is dropped on the rotating blades 23 rotating at a high speed and finely pulverized. The sludge that has fallen further downward is continuously scooped up again again by the scooping fins 15 and
3 and is further finely crushed.

Next, the rotation supporting device 31 of the mixing drum 11
Is configured as follows. That is, the mixing drum 11 is rotatably supported on the base 30 by the driving rollers 32, 32, and the driving roller 32 is driven to rotate by the roller driving device 33 via the roller rotating shaft 34. The driving roller 32 is used for the mixing drum 1.
The mixing drum 11 is rotated at a low speed by friction drive or gear drive in contact with the lower surface of the outer peripheral wall 11a. This rotation speed is set to a speed of about 1 to 10 rotations per minute.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. First, with respect to the rotating mixing drum 11, its outer peripheral wall 11
The living waste to be treated is introduced from the entrance opening 18 provided in a. At this time, an appropriate amount of the thermophilic bacterium described above is added at the same time. As an input amount, for example, a thermophilic bacterium having a weight of about 1/500 with respect to the weight of the sludge to be input is input. In this example, a thermophilic bacterium is used as a bacterium to be added. However, the bacterium is not limited to the thermophilic bacterium, and the phototrophic bacterium and meat, fish, cereals, and garbage such as vegetables are substantially eliminated. A strain capable of all fermentation degradation can be introduced, or any two or all of such a strain, a thermophilic bacterium and a phototrophic bacterium can be introduced. When using phototrophic bacteria, it is necessary to separately provide a light irradiation device.

In place of the thermophilic bacterium, a part of a fermented residue to be described later (a fermented residue obtained by mixing bacteria and referred to as a fermented residue, the same applies hereinafter) is returned to a material (fermented residue). Of the materials, those that are used to mix the new household waste into those that are partially left in the mixing drum 11 are referred to as return materials. You can also. That is, since thermophilic bacteria are sufficiently cultured in the fermented residue, the use of the thermophilic bacteria eliminates the necessity of introducing new thermophilic bacteria. Also, by introducing this return material, it can also play a role as a moisture adjusting material for adjusting the moisture in the newly introduced household waste. This is particularly effective when the newly added domestic waste does not hold the water required for fermentation. Further, a deodorant may be injected from the air supply port 16 in order to eliminate the odor of household waste. As a deodorant, it is effective to collect in advance the steam generated in the fermentation treatment and inject it.

The inner peripheral wall 11b of the mixing drum 11 is provided with a number of scooping fins 15, 15 made of a thin plate. The rotation of the mixing drum 11 allows household waste to be scooped upward. At this time, the entrance / exit opening 18 is controlled so that the household waste does not flow back toward the entrance / exit opening 18.
The mixing drum 11 is rotated at a low speed in a direction in which the end on the opening portion side moves upward. Then, the scooped domestic waste falls on the rotating blades 23 rotating at a high speed and is finely crushed. Then, the household waste that has fallen further downward is continuously scooped up again by the scooping fins 15 again, falls again on the rotary wings 23 and is further finely crushed.

The above-mentioned bacteria are mixed with the finely ground domestic waste. Then, while the rotation is stopped or rotated, the bacteria-mixed household waste (mixing drum 1)
The living waste mixed with the germs in 1 is called a germ-mixed living waste. The same is applied to the mixing drum 11 for fermentation. When the inside of the mixing drum 11 is negatively pressured and air is mixed in from the air supply port 16, the aerobicity in the mixing drum 11 increases, thereby promoting fermentation. Since the fermentation has already begun when the mixing drum 11 is rotating, the promotion of fermentation by mixing air through the air supply port 16 is not limited to the curing period in the stationary state, and is always performed. It is desirable to make the inside of the mixing drum 11 a negative pressure.

The steam and odor generated in the fermentation treatment are discharged outside using the air vent 17 as described above.
If necessary, the discharged steam or the like is supplied again from the air supply port 16. Further, in order to uniformly mix the bacteria with the household waste, the mixing drum 11 is again rotated in a certain direction, and the mixing process is repeated. Further, bacteria may be further added to further promote fermentation. The degree of acceleration of fermentation, the fermentation temperature, and the like are adjusted by adjusting the amount of the bacteria and the amount of air to be mixed. Purification is promoted as the fermentation temperature increases.

While repeating the above series of processes several times,
After a curing period of one day, the bacteria-mixed household waste is purified. The fermented residue that has been purified after the fermentation treatment can be taken out through the inlet / outlet opening 18. In this case, a conveyor for guiding the fermented residue to the sieving apparatus 50 is placed on the side opposite to the side into which the household waste is introduced into the inlet / outlet opening 18 of the mixing drum 11, and the direction rotated during the bacterial mixing process. The fermented residue falls on the conveyor through the inlet / outlet opening 18 by rotating in the opposite direction.
A large number of scooping fins 15 are attached to the inner peripheral wall portion 11b in the mixing drum 11 to block the residue, so that a large amount of the fins 15 are prevented from dropping onto the conveyor during the reverse rotation and can be taken out in appropriate amounts. Becomes The fermented residue is used as a composted product (a fermented residue that is composted and used as a fertilizer is referred to as a composted product; the same applies hereinafter), and is returned as described above. The material can be left in the mixing drum 11 or mixed with household waste.

Next, in the second embodiment of the present invention, FIG.
This will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment has basically the same configuration as the first embodiment, but in this embodiment,
The rotary blade 23 constituting the pulverizing and mixing mechanism 20 is formed to have a substantially large diameter, and the lower half of the rotary blade 23 is attached to the mixing drum 11 below the rotary drive shaft 22 to which the rotary blade 23 is attached.
The rotary wings 23 are directly crushed by the rotation of the rotary drive shaft 22 so that the rotary wings 23 are directly crushed. Also in this case, the rotary drive shaft 22 is eccentrically attached to a position where the scooped-up household waste falls, which is a rotation-up side position that is an upper side of the rotation center of the mixing drum 11. , And comes close to the scooping fins 15 on the rotation ascending side. Also,
The base 30 has an upper part opened, and a compost take-out mechanism 35 is provided below the opening. The compost take-out mechanism 35 is formed in an upper opening shape, and the compost can be dropped and stored in this opening, and a suitable amount of compost can be taken out from a compost take-out port 35a provided on the side surface of the compost take-out mechanism 35. I have.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, the operation is basically the same as that of the first embodiment. However, the operation differs from that of the first embodiment in the following points. That is, since the rotating blades 23 constituting the crushing and mixing mechanism 20 in this embodiment are formed to have a substantially large diameter, the rotating blades 23 are buried in the household waste accumulated in the mixing drum 11 and With the rotation of the drive shaft 22, the household waste can be directly crushed, and the crushing and mixing process can be performed more efficiently.

Further, the fermented residue purified after the fermentation treatment can be taken out through the inlet / outlet opening 18. In this case, by rotating the mixing drum 11 in a direction opposite to the direction rotated at the time of the bacteria mixing process, the fermented residue falls into the compost take-out mechanism 35 through the inlet / outlet opening 18. Inner peripheral wall 11 in mixing drum 11
Since a large number of scooping fins 15 are attached to b to block the residue, a large amount of falling to the compost take-out mechanism 35 during the reverse rotation is prevented. In addition, it is also possible to store a fixed amount of the fermented residue in the compost takeout mechanism 35 and then take out an appropriate amount of the residue. The fermented residue is used as a compost product in fertilizers of agricultural crops, and can also be left as a return material in the mixing drum 11 and mixed with new household waste as described above.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. This embodiment has basically the same configuration as that of the first embodiment.
Is rotatably supported on a base 30 via a rotation support device 31. Side plates 12, 12 are attached to both side surfaces of the mixing drum 11 in a surface-contact manner.
Is pressed against the side surface of the mixing drum 11 at a constant pressure by a pressing mechanism 13 provided on the support arm 21 and is supported non-rotatably. Further, similarly to the first embodiment, a number of scooping fins 15 and 15 and a crushing and mixing mechanism 20 are provided in the mixing drum 11, and the household waste is scooped with the rotation of the mixing drum 11. It falls into the crushing and mixing mechanism 20 and is finely crushed.

On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the ends of the scooping fins 15 and 15 are each formed in an upward hook shape so that the household waste is scooped up more efficiently and dropped into the crushing and mixing mechanism 20. It is like that. The rotary wings 23 constituting the crushing and mixing mechanism 20 are composed of a large number of cross wings, and these cross wings are pivotally mounted substantially perpendicularly to the rotation drive shaft 22. In addition, a large number of the cruciforms are superimposed in the axial direction in a substantially layered manner, and the radiating angles of the cruciforms of each layer are alternately shifted by 45 degrees.

A blower mechanism 40 is provided in the mixing drum 11, and the blower mechanism 40 includes a pair of support pipes 42, 42.
And a number of blower plates 41, 41. Each of the support pipes 42 is formed in the mixing drum 11 so as to be elongated in the longitudinal direction, has the same height as the rotation drive shaft 22 of the mixing and pulverizing mechanism, and has a downward rotation side of the mixing drum 11. And both ends are fixed to the side plates 12 and 12. Each of the large number of blowers 41, 41 is formed of a thin plate of approximately a quarter circle, and the support tubes 42, 42 penetrate at a position near the center of the circle, and are suspended by the support tubes 42, 42. The blower plates 41, 41 are fixed to.
The blower plates 41, 41 are buried in household waste whose arcs are deposited on the lower part of the mixing drum 11, and
The length is such that it does not come into contact with the scooping fins 15 during the rotation of. The blowers 41, 41 are arranged in layers at equal intervals.

The one side plate 12 has an air supply port 16.
And an air vent 17. The air supply port 16 communicates with the one support pipe 42. In addition, in each of the blower plates 41, 41, a thin tube 44 for blower that extends uniformly radially from a position near the center of the circle,
A number 44 are provided. The thin tubes 44 are connected to the support tube 42, respectively. As described above, the air supply port 16, the one support pipe 42, and the thin tubes 44, 44 are in communication with each other, and the air taken in from the air supply port 16 passes through the one support pipe 42 and the thin tubes 44, 44. The air is supplied from the ends of the arcs of the blower plates 41 and 41 to uniformly supply air to the accumulated household waste.

On the other hand, the air vent 17 is
It is for discharging steam and odor inside to the outside, and is attached to the side plate 12 above the air supply port 16. The air supply port 16 is connected to the side plate 12.
Is connected to the above-mentioned one support pipe 42 in a communicating manner, but may be connected to any of the support pipes 42 or may be connected to both the support pipes 42. In this case, it goes without saying that the thin tubes 44 communicate with one or both of the shaft tubes 42 communicating with the air supply port 16. The base 30 has an opening at the upper part as in the second embodiment, and a compost take-out mechanism 35 is provided below the opening.
The compost take-out mechanism 35 is formed in an upper opening shape, and the compost can be dropped and stored in this opening, and a suitable amount of compost can be taken out from a compost take-out port 35a provided on the side of the compost take-out mechanism 35. I have.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. First, with respect to the rotating mixing drum 11, its outer peripheral wall 11
The living waste to be treated is introduced from the entrance opening 18 provided in a. At this time, an appropriate amount of the thermophilic bacterium described above is added at the same time. As an input amount, for example, a thermophilic bacterium with a weight of about 1/500 with respect to the weight of the input household waste is input. Here, garbage from restaurants and households is stored in plastic bags and discarded. Then, the plastic bag of the household waste is cut off, the household waste is put into the mixing drum 11 for fermentation and decomposition, and the plastic bag is transferred to the pyrolysis furnace 62. Since the plastic bag cannot be processed in the fermentation decomposition step and must be subjected to thermal decomposition processing, it can be efficiently processed by directly transferring it to the thermal decomposition furnace 62. In this example, a thermophilic bacterium is used as a bacterium to be added. However, the bacterium is not limited to the thermophilic bacterium, and the phototrophic bacterium and meat, fish, cereals, and garbage such as vegetables are substantially eliminated. A strain capable of all fermentation degradation can be introduced, or any two or all of such a strain, a thermophilic bacterium and a phototrophic bacterium can be introduced. When using phototrophic bacteria, it is necessary to separately provide a light irradiation device. Instead of the thermophilic bacterium, a part of the fermented residue in which the thermophilic bacterium has been sufficiently cultured can be used as a return material to input an approximately equal amount with the new living waste. Further, a deodorant may be injected from the air supply port 16 in order to eliminate the odor of household waste. As a deodorant, the steam generated in the fermentation process is collected in advance,
It is effective to inject this.

On the inner peripheral wall 11b of the mixing drum 11, a large number of scooping fins 15, 15 made of thin pieces are provided. By the rotation of the mixing drum 11, household waste is scooped upward. At this time, the entrance / exit opening 18 is controlled so that the household waste does not flow back toward the entrance / exit opening 18.
The mixing drum 11 is rotated at a low speed in a direction in which the end on the opening portion side moves upward. Then, the scooped domestic waste falls on the rotating blades 23 rotating at a high speed and is finely crushed. Then, the household waste that has fallen further downward is continuously scooped up again by the scooping fins 15 again, falls again on the rotary wings 23 and is further finely crushed. The above-mentioned bacteria are mixed with the finely ground household waste. While the rotation is stopped or rotated, the bacteria-mixed household waste is fermented while being held in the mixing drum 11.

When air is mixed from the air supply port 16 by setting the inside of the mixing drum 11 to a negative pressure, the air is evenly mixed into the bacteria-mixed household waste through the support tube 42 and the thin tubes 44, 44. . In this way, air is mixed into the household waste, and the aerobicity in the mixing drum 11 is increased, thereby promoting fermentation. The mixing drum 11
Since the fermentation has already started when the is rotated, the promotion of fermentation by mixing air is not limited to the curing period in the stationary state, and it is preferable that the inside of the mixing drum 11 is always kept at a negative pressure. .

The steam and odor generated in the fermentation treatment are discharged outside using the air vent 17 as described above.
If necessary, the discharged steam or the like is supplied again from the air supply port 16. After standing still for a predetermined time, the mixing drum 11 is again rotated in a fixed direction to repeat the mixing process in order to further uniformly mix the bacteria with the household waste. Further, bacteria may be further added to further promote fermentation. The degree of acceleration of fermentation, the fermentation temperature, and the like are adjusted by adjusting the amount of the bacteria and the amount of air to be mixed. Purification is promoted as the fermentation temperature increases.

While repeating the above series of processes several times,
After a curing period of one day, the bacteria-mixed household waste is purified. The fermented residue that has been purified after the fermentation treatment can be taken out through the inlet / outlet opening 18. In this case, by rotating the mixing drum 11 in a direction opposite to the direction rotated at the time of the bacteria mixing process, the fermented residue falls into the compost take-out mechanism 35 through the inlet / outlet opening 18. Since a large number of scooping fins 15 are attached to the inner peripheral wall portion 11b in the mixing drum 11 to block the residue, it is possible to prevent a large amount from dropping into the compost take-out mechanism 35 during the reverse rotation. In addition, it is also possible to store a fixed amount of the fermented residue in the compost takeout mechanism 35 and then take out an appropriate amount of the residue. The fermented residue can be used as a compost product in fertilizers of agricultural crops, or can be left as a return material in the mixing drum 11 and mixed with new household waste as described above.

Next, a sieving apparatus 50 for separating composted products in fine granular form and residues for pyrolysis will be described with reference to FIG. The sieving device 50 includes a hopper 52 provided below the mixing drum 11 of the fermentation / decomposition device 10, a grid member 54 arranged in the hopper 52 so as to be slightly inclined and vibrated up and down, and a grid member 54. A first conveyor 56 for transporting the fine-grained compost that has passed through to a compost packing device (not shown), and a heat consisting of plastic and wood products remaining on the grid member 54 and moving along the slope and dropping from one end thereof The decomposition residue is supplied to the inlet 62a of the pyrolysis furnace 62.
And a second conveyor 58 that moves to above. In the illustrated preferred embodiment, one end of the grid member 54 is rotatably attached to the wall of the hopper 52 via a pivot 52a, and the other end of the grid member 54 is connected to the rotation shaft of the motor 59a. The eccentric cam 59b is mounted so as to be vertically movable via an eccentric cam 59b.

Of course, the sieving apparatus 50 can be of various types other than the one shown, which can be divided into finely granular composted products and pyrolysis residues. On the other hand, wood products such as disposable chopsticks and skewers contained in the residue for pyrolysis are crushed to some extent by the crushing device of the fermentation decomposition device 10, but are not fermented and decomposed by bacteria. Then, it is sieved by the sieving device 50, and in almost the same form,
It is thrown into 1.

Next, as shown in FIG. 9, the thermal decomposition processing apparatus 60 is generally composed of a thermal decomposition furnace 62, a gas diffusion apparatus 64, a tar removing apparatus 66, and a neutralization apparatus. A tank 68,
It has a pressure reducing pump 70 and a combustion device 72. Then, the pyrolysis residue is introduced into a pyrolysis chamber 62b provided in the pyrolysis furnace 62. Next, the thermal decomposition chamber 6
2b is sealed, and the pressure inside the thermal decomposition chamber 62 is reduced to a value equal to or lower than the atmospheric pressure by the vacuum pump 70. Then, the pyrolysis chamber 62b is heated from the outside in an oxygen-free state. By reducing the pressure in the pyrolysis chamber 62b, the outflow of gas to the outside is prevented.

Incidentally, chlorine-containing plastics such as vinyl chloride generate chlorine gas by thermal decomposition to generate highly toxic dioxins, and nitrogen-containing plastics such as ABS resin generate NOx. Therefore, it is necessary not to use these plastics in restaurants, inns, school hospital lunch facilities, and the like. In the preferred embodiment shown, these plastics can be incorporated into domestic waste,
A facility for treating chlorine gas and a facility for treating NOx are separately provided. However, if it is possible to avoid using these plastics in restaurants, inns, school hospital catering facilities, etc., the gas diffusion device 6
4. The tar removing device 66 and the neutralization tank 68 can be omitted. In the thermal decomposition, the water contained in the industrial waste is dehydrated by temporarily maintaining the temperature at about 100 to 160 ° C. In the residue-free treatment system of the present invention, since water is substantially removed by the high-temperature fermentation in the fermentation / decomposition device for household waste, the step for dehydration can be shortened or eliminated. Therefore, after the dehydration is completed, or by directly heating the pyrolysis chamber 62b to a predetermined pyrolysis temperature, the industrial waste is pyrolyzed.

The gas generated by the thermal decomposition is recovered by the gas diffusion device 64. The gas diffusion device 64 is a device for separating predetermined components in gas generated by thermal decomposition. The gas diffusion device 64 blows gas into a water tank having a stirrer filled with a predetermined solution to dissolve and recover components of the gas in the solution. By filling the water tank with water, chlorine gas, which is a water-soluble component of the gas, can be separated. Further, the water in the water tank becomes hydrochloric acid due to the chlorine gas dissolved in the water tank. Hydrochloric acid whose concentration has exceeded a certain level
It is discharged to the collection tank 65. The discharged hydrochloric acid is neutralized with an alkaline substance such as sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, etc., and recovered as harmless sodium chloride and calcium chloride.

The tar removing device 66 is a device for separating tar contained in the pyrolysis gas. The tar removing device 66 collects tar floating on the water surface of the water tank of the diffusion device 64. The neutralization tank 68 blows a pyrolysis gas into a water tank filled with a predetermined solution to dissolve and recover the components in the solution. The water-soluble gas that could not be completely recovered by the gas diffusion device 64 may be recovered, or a solvent capable of dissolving and recovering another specific gas may be added. The pyrolysis gas finally left is a hydrocarbon-based gas such as methane gas or ethane gas, so that it is self-burned by the combustion device 72.

The heat is heated from the bottom in the thermal decomposition chamber 62b which is decompressed to a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure by the decompression pump 70. The waste plastic is pyrolyzed by heating. The combustible gas generated by the thermal decomposition is supplied to the gas diffusion device 64 and the tar removal device 6.
6 and the neutralization tank 68 collect harmful substances. The finally remaining gas is burned by the combustion device 72 or stored in a predetermined storage tank and used as a heating source or the like in the next thermal decomposition. Most of the thermally decomposed waste plastic becomes a combustible gas such as methane and ethane, and can be easily processed thereafter. Also,
By using the thermal decomposition treatment apparatus, such waste plastics can be treated safely and without pollution.

[0057]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for treating household waste without residue, comprising mixing a predetermined amount of bacteria with household waste, pulverizing and mixing the resulting mixture, and then fermenting and decomposing while applying air. Fermentation cracking process, a sieving process of separating the residue into fine-grained composted products and pyrolysis residue with a sieve, and the waste plastic is pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis furnace. Since it is composed of a pyrolysis process that converts combustible gas into wood and carbonizes it into charcoal, it has eliminated the adverse effects on the environment of domestic waste that is mixed with foreign substances such as garbage, plastic, and wood products. It can be processed in a form, and has the effect that it can be processed in an extremely small facility without any waste.

Further, since it is possible to treat these household wastes without discharging any offensive odors and odors, which are common in the treatment of household wastes, it is possible to prevent troubles with local residents. Further, since the distilled water recovered by the fermentation decomposition apparatus of the present invention can fermentatively purify organic components in rivers, it is expected that the distilled water will be rather welcomed as a person responsible for environmental improvement.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a household waste-free residue treatment system according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the fermentation / decomposition apparatus shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from the outer peripheral wall of the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the fermentation decomposition apparatus shown in FIG. 2 as viewed from a side plate.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the fermentation decomposition apparatus shown in FIG. 2 as viewed from a side plate.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the second embodiment of the fermentation decomposition apparatus shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from the side plate.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the fermentation decomposition apparatus shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the fermentation decomposition apparatus shown in FIG. 6, as viewed from a side plate.

FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of one embodiment of the sieving apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the thermal decomposition processing apparatus shown in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Residue-free treatment system of household waste 10 Fermentation decomposition apparatus 11 Mixing drum 20 Crushing and mixing mechanism 30 Base 31 Rotation support apparatus 35 Compost take-out mechanism 40 Blowing mechanism 50 Sieving apparatus 52 Hopper 60 Thermal decomposition processing apparatus 62 Thermal decomposition furnace

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A fermentation decomposition step of mixing a predetermined amount of bacteria with domestic waste, pulverizing and mixing the mixture, and then fermenting and decomposing while applying air. A sieving process of separating the pyrolysis residue into pyrolysis residues, and a pyrolysis process of pyrolyzing the waste plastic in a pyrolysis furnace to convert the waste plastic into combustible gas and carbonizing the wood to form charcoal. A residue-free treatment method for household waste that is constituted. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein prior to the fermentation decomposition step, the plastic bag of the living waste stored in the plastic bag is further cut off to remove the living waste. Fermentable and decomposable,
A method for treating household waste without residue, comprising the step of transferring the plastic bag to a pyrolysis furnace. 3. The method for residue-free treatment of household waste according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fermentation decomposition step leaves at least a part of a processed product obtained by fermentation decomposition of household waste as a return material. A method for treating household waste without residue, comprising mixing a predetermined amount of bacteria by mixing new household waste. 4. The method for treating residue-free household waste according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation decomposition step comprises using a thermophilic bacterium as a bacterium.
A residue-free treatment method for household waste, which comprises fermenting and decomposing household waste in the range of ° C to reduce the water content of the processed material practically. 5. The method for residue-free treatment of household waste according to claim 4, wherein in the fermentation decomposition step, the water in the treated material is reduced by heat generated during fermentation, including bacteria and / or deodorant components. What is claimed is: 1. A method for residue-free treatment of household waste, comprising collecting steam and condensed water obtained by condensing the steam and spraying or spraying the steam on or near an odor source. 6. The method for processing residue-free household waste according to claim 1, wherein the sieving step comprises:
Intermediate between the fermentation decomposition step and the pyrolysis step, a household waste characterized by having a hopper that separates the residue into fine-grained composted products and pyrolysis residues with a sieve Residue-free treatment method. 7. The method for treating residue-free domestic waste according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the thermal decomposition step comprises the step of determining the thermal decomposition temperature of each type of plastic contained in the household waste. The method is characterized in that the plastic is thermally decomposed by holding the plastic at a temperature slightly higher than the thermal decomposition temperature for a predetermined time, and then the plastic having a higher thermal decomposition temperature is sequentially pyrolyzed. A residue-free treatment method for household waste. 8. A fermentation decomposer which mixes a predetermined amount of bacteria with domestic waste, pulverizes and mixes the mixture, and fermentes and decomposes while applying air. And a pyrolysis treatment unit that separates the pyrolysis residue into waste gas by pyrolysis in a pyrolysis furnace to convert the waste plastic into combustible gas and carbonize the wood to convert it into charcoal. A residue-free treatment device for household waste. 9. The household waste-free treatment apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising tearing the plastic bag of the household waste stored in the plastic bag so that the household waste can be fermented and decomposed. A residue-free treatment device for household waste, comprising a pretreatment device for transferring the plastic bag to a pyrolysis furnace. 10. The apparatus for processing residue-free domestic waste according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the fermentation decomposition apparatus leaves at least a part of a processed product obtained by fermentation decomposition of the household waste as a return material. A predetermined amount of bacteria is mixed by mixing new domestic waste into the sieving apparatus, and the sieving device is interposed between the fermentation decomposition step and the pyrolysis step, and the residue is finely granulated with a sieve. It has a hopper for separating composted products and residues for pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis apparatus has a lower pyrolysis temperature than that of each type of plastic contained in household waste. The plastic is thermally decomposed by maintaining it at a temperature slightly higher than the temperature for a predetermined period of time, and then the plastic having a higher pyrolysis temperature is sequentially pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis furnace to become a combustible gas, and the wood is carbonized into charcoal. Be configured to include Residual-free treatment equipment for household waste.