JP4180414B2 - Transparent barrier film - Google Patents

Transparent barrier film Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4180414B2
JP4180414B2 JP2003084700A JP2003084700A JP4180414B2 JP 4180414 B2 JP4180414 B2 JP 4180414B2 JP 2003084700 A JP2003084700 A JP 2003084700A JP 2003084700 A JP2003084700 A JP 2003084700A JP 4180414 B2 JP4180414 B2 JP 4180414B2
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inorganic material
material layer
layer
organic
sioxny
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JP2004291306A (en
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孝行 松元
宏典 丸山
寿 伊東
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Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、光学部材、エレクトロニクス部材、一般包装部材、薬品包装部材などの幅広い用途に応用が可能なガス・水蒸気バリア性の高い透明バリアフィルムに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、プラスチック基材の表面に酸化アルミニウム、酸化マグネシウム、酸化珪素等の金属酸化物の薄膜を形成したガス・水蒸気バリアフィルムは、ガスや水蒸気の遮断を必要とする物品の包装、食品や工業用品及び医薬品等の変質を防止するための包装用途に広く用いられている。また、包装用途以外にも液晶表示素子、太陽電池、エレクトロルミネッセンス(EL)基板等で使用されている。
【0003】
特に液晶表示素子EL素子などへの応用が進んでいる透明基板には、近年、軽量化、大型化という要求に加え、長期信頼性や形状の自由度が高いこと、曲面表示が可能であること等の高度な要求が加わり、重くて割れやすく大面積化が困難なガラス基板に代わって透明プラスチック等の基板が採用され始めている。また、プラスチック基板は上記要求に応えるだけでなく、ロールトゥロール方式が可能であることからガラスよりも生産性が良くコストダウンの点でも有利である。
【0004】
しかしながら、透明プラスチック等の基板はガラスに対しガス・水蒸気バリア性が劣るという問題がある。ガス・水蒸気バリア性が劣る基板を用いると、ガスや水蒸気が浸透し、例えば液晶セル内の液晶を劣化させ、表示欠陥となって表示品位を劣化させてしまう。この様な問題を解決するためにプラスチック基板上に金属酸化物薄膜を形成して透明バリアフィルムとすることが知られている。包装材や液晶表示素子に使用される透明バリアフィルムとしてはプラスチック基板上に酸化珪素を蒸着したもの(特許文献1)や酸化アルミニウムを蒸着したもの(特許文献2)が知られており、いずれも1g/m/day程度の水蒸気バリア性を有する。近年では、液晶ディスプレイの大型化、高精細ディスプレイ等の開発により透明バリアフィルムへのバリア性能について0.1g/m/day程度まで要求が上がってきている。これに応えるためにより高いバリア性能が期待できる手段としてスパッタリング法やCVD法による成膜検討が行われている。
【0005】
ところが、ごく近年においてさらなるバリア性を要求される有機ELディスプレイや高精彩カラー液晶ディスプレイなどの開発が進み、これに使用可能な透明性を維持しつつもさらなる高バリア性0.1g/m/day未満の性能をもつ透明バリアフィルムが要求されるようになってきた。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特公昭53-12953号公報
【特許文献2】
特開昭58-217344号公報
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、従来よりも高いガス・水蒸気バリア性能を持つ透明バリアフィルムを提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち本発明は、
(1)プラスチック基材上にSiOxNy(1<x<2、0≦y≦1.3)層1、前記SiOxNy層1とは異なる無機物質層2、SiOxNy(1<x<2、0≦y≦1.3)層3を順次積層した透明バリアフィルムであって、無機物質層2と前記SiOxNy層1およびSiOxNy層3との厚みの比が、0.002≦(無機物質層2)/(SiOxNy層1)≦0.5、かつ0.002≦(無機物質層2)/(SiOxNy層3)≦0.5であり、プラスチック基材と前記無機物質層1との間に有機物層を持つ透明バリアフィルムを使用した有機EL素子、
(2)前記無機物質層1と無機物質層3が同一の組成である(1)1記載の有機EL素子、
(3)前記無機物質層1と無機物質層2を複数層順次積層した後に前記無機物質層3を積層した(1)又は(2)記載の有機EL素子、
(4)前記無機物質層2がその厚みにおいて透明な無機物質である(1)〜(3)3何れか一項記載の有機EL素子、
(5)前記無機物質層2が無機物質層1及び無機物質層3と元素濃度比O/(O+N)が異なるSiOxNy層である(1)〜(4)何れか一項記載の有機EL素子、
(6)前記無機物質層2の元素濃度比O/(O+N)が無機物質層1及び無機物質層3の元素濃度比O/(O+N)よりも大である(5)記載の有機EL素子、
(7)プラスチック基材のガラス転移温度が200℃以上である(1)〜(6)何れか一項記載の有機EL素子、
(8)プラスチック基材がシクロオレフィン系樹脂またはポリエーテルスルホンを主成分とする(1)〜(7)何れか一項記載の有機EL素子、
である。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。プラスチック基材にバリア性を付与する無機物質層を3層以上積層し積層時の各層での構造欠陥位置を異ならせることにより、バリア性を高めるものである。しかし該無機物質形成時には異物の混入などによって無機物質層に突起や穴が生じてしまうことがあり、3層構成における更なるバリア性能の向上を実現するにあたり、各無機物質層において突起や穴のサイズや数量を制限する必要があることがわかった。これを実現するにはプラスチック基材上に無機物質層▲1▼を形成し、つぎに無機物質層▲1▼とは異なる無機物質層▲2▼を形成し、さらに無機物質層▲1▼と同様の無機物質層▲3▼を形成し積層体を構成する。このとき、各無機物質層の表面についてAFMで20μ×20μの範囲を観察し表面の平滑性を確認することが好ましい。さらには、表面粗さ算術平均値(Ra)がRa<10nm、最大高さ(Ry)がRy<0.3μmで、且つ平均線からの深さが10nm以上で穴深さと穴直径のアスペクト比(穴深さ/穴直径)が0.2よりも大きい穴の無く、その表面に最大高さと幅の最小値のアスペクト比(最大高さ/幅最小値)が0.2よりも大きい局所的な突起が無い無機物質層となっていることが好ましい。
【0010】
無機物質層を構成する材料については無機物質層▲3▼は無機物質層▲1▼と同一組成の無機物質でも良い。また、無機物質層▲2▼の組成については、その厚みにおいて透明な無機物質であれば特に制限はない。無機物質層は例えばSi、Al、Ta、W、Nb、Ni、In、Sn、Zn、Ti、Cu、Ce、Cr等の1種以上を含む金属、その酸化物もしくは窒化物もしくは酸化窒化物などを用いることができる。無機物質層▲2▼については、無機物質層▲1▼および無機物質層▲3▼と元素比率が異なれば、SiOxNyでも良く、その元素濃度比O/(O+N)は、特に限定はしないが、無機物質層▲1▼または無機物質層▲3▼よりも大であることが、良好な光線透過率と水蒸気バリア性および曲げによるクラック耐性が得られるので、好ましい。SiOxNy層▲1▼と無機物質層▲2▼を異なる組成とすることにより、SiOxNy層▲1▼が持つ層構造の欠陥部分の成長が無機物質層▲2▼によって断ち切られ、たとえ新たにSiOxNy層▲1▼と同じ組成の無機物質層▲3▼を積層しても、無機物質層▲1▼と無機物質層▲3▼とは構造欠陥部の位置が異なるものと考えられる。無機物質層▲2▼が無い場合には、無機物質層▲1▼の積層後、無機物質層▲3▼を積層すると構造欠陥成長が無機物質層▲1▼と無機物質層▲3▼で同じ位置で継続されてしまい、これを分断することができない。
【0011】
SiOxNy(1<x<2、0≦y≦1.3)層1をバリアとして備える透明バリアフィルムにおいて、SiOxNy層1を無機物質層2は上記のように層1と層3との構造欠陥位置を変えるためのものであるため、特にバリア性は必要なく、層1および/または層3との厚さの比は0.002≦(無機物質層2)/(層1)≦0.5、かつ0.002≦(無機物質層2)/(層3)≦0.5であり、好ましくは0.01≦(無機物質層2)/(層1)≦0.3、かつ0.01≦(無機物質層2)/(層3)≦0.3であり、さらに好ましくは0.02≦(無機物質層2)/(層1)≦0.2、かつ0.02≦(無機物質層2)/(層3)≦0.2である。下限値未満では、構造欠陥成長の分断の効果が十分ではなく、また無機物質層2が充分に薄ければ、厚いと光線透過率が低くなるような無機物質でも透明性を損なわずに使用することができる。
また、層1〜3全体の厚さは10〜500nmであるとより良好な光線透過率と水蒸気バリア性、および曲げによるクラック耐性が得られるので好ましい。
プラスチック基材にSiOxNy(1<x<2、0≦y≦1.3)1およびそれとは異なる組成の無機物質2は複数積層してもよく、積層数にはとくに制限はない。積層数を増加することにより、各層の厚さを薄くしても上記理由によりバリア性を十分発現させることができる。また、クラック耐性も向上する。
【0012】
無機物質層の形成方法については真空蒸着、イオンプレーティング、CVD、スパッタリングなどの手段で実現される。特に、組成のコントロール性がよく、緻密な膜を形成できるスパッタリング、真空工程が不要で成膜コストの安価な大気圧の近傍下で放電プラズマ処理を利用することにより無機膜を成膜する常圧CVDが好ましい。スパッタリング方式は特に制限されるものではなく、例えば、DCスパッタリング方式、RFスパッタリング方式、RFとDCを混合する方式等を選択できる。
【0013】
また、プラスチック基材と無機物質層との間に有機物層を設けると無機物質層の曲げに対する耐性や密着性の向上を見込める。この場合、有機物層の材質については特に制限はないが、アクリル系樹脂やウレタン系樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂等を使用することができる。中でも、エポキシアクリレート、ウレタンアクリレート、イソシアヌル酸アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールアクリレート、トリメチロールプロパンアクリレート、エチレングリコールアクリレート、ポリエステルアクリレートなどのうち、2官能以上のアクリロイル基を有するモノマーを塗工後、架橋させて得られる高分子を主成分とすることが塗工性も良く好ましい。特に架橋度が高い、イソシアヌル酸アクリレート、エポキシアクリレート、ウレタンアクリレートを主成分とすることが好ましい。これらの2官能以上のアクリロイル基を有するモノマーは2種類以上を混合して用いても、また1官能のアクリレートを混合して用いても良い。また、それ自体で比較的バリア性のあるPVA系やEVA系、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、もしくはこれらの樹脂の複数を混用することもできる。樹脂基材直上の有機物層▲1▼については、その厚みの制限は特に無いが、0.01〜10μmが好ましい。
【0014】
本発明のプラスチック基板としては何ら制限はないが、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリカーボネート、ポリアリレート、ポリアクリレート、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、エポキシ、ポリイミド、ポリオレフィン、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、シクロオレフィン系樹脂等を使用することができる。特に、ガラス転移温度が200℃以上のシクロオレフィン系樹脂やポリエーテルスルホンは光学特性が良好で耐熱性が高く、有機物層無機物層形成プロセスにおいて高温処理による変形や劣化が無いので好ましい。また、異なる樹脂を組み合わせてもかまわない。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下本発明の実施例について詳細に説明するが、本発明は、何ら下記実施例に限定されるものではない。
(実施例1)
ポリエーテルスルホン基板にイソシアヌール酸EO変性トリアクリレート50重量部、光開始剤(チバガイギー社製 IRG-907)1.5重量部を酢酸イソアミル33重量部、ブチルセロソルブ17重量部にて撹拌溶解してRC=50wt%の均一な溶液をスピンコーターで塗布し、120℃5分加熱乾燥後さらにUV照射で硬化させて5μmの樹脂層を形成した。つぎに、スパッタ装置の真空槽内に前記有機物層を形成した基板をセットし10−4Pa台まで真空引きし、反応ガスとして酸素を分圧で0.015Pa導入、さらに系全体の圧力が0.13Paになるように放電ガスとしてアルゴンを導入した。雰囲気圧力が安定したところで放電を開始しSiターゲット上にプラズマを発生させ、スパッタリングプロセスを開始した。プロセスが安定したところでシャッターを開き基板への酸化珪素層(層▲1▼)の形成を開始した。80nmの膜が堆積したところでシャッターを閉じて層▲1▼の成膜を終了した。ここで、層▲1▼形成済みの基板の一部を切り取り層▲1▼の表面平滑性をAFMにて20μ×20μの範囲を評価したところ、Ra=1.2nm、Ry=0.2μm、最大高さと幅の最小値のアスペクト比(最大高さ/幅最小値)が0.2よりも大きい突起が無い平滑性を有した。続いて、再びスパッタ装置の真空槽内に前記層▲1▼を形成した基板をセットし10−4Pa台まで真空引きし、反応ガスとして酸素分圧を0.009Pa、系全体の圧力を0.13Paになるようにアルゴンを導入した。雰囲気圧力が安定したところで放電を開始し、クロムターゲット上にプラズマを発生させ、スパッタリングプロセスを開始した。プロセスが安定したところでシャッターを開き基板への酸化クロム層(層▲2▼)の形成を開始した。10nmの膜が堆積したところでシャッターを閉じて成膜を終了した。ここで、層▲2▼形成済みの基板の一部を切り取り層▲2▼の表面平滑性を層▲1▼の評価と同じ方法にて評価したところ、Ra=1.2nm、Ry=0.2μm、最大高さと幅の最小値のアスペクト比(最大高さ/幅最小値)が0.2よりも大きい突起が無い平滑性を有した。続いて、再びスパッタ装置の真空槽内に前記層▲2▼を形成した基板をセットし10−4Pa台まで真空引きし、層▲1▼と同様の条件で層▲3▼を50 nm堆積させた。真空槽内に大気を導入し、基板を取り出した。層▲3▼の表面平滑性を層▲1▼の表面平滑性の評価と同じ方法にて評価したところ、Ra=1.4nm、Ry=0.2μm、最大高さと幅の最小値のアスペクト比(最大高さ/幅最小値)が0.2よりも大きい突起が無い平滑性を有した。この透明バリアフィルムの水蒸気透過度をJISK7129B(40℃、湿度90%)に準拠して測定したところ、0.1g/m2/day(信頼限界)未満で、透明性にも問題がなかった。作製した透明バリアフィルム上に透明導電膜として、パルスDCマグネトロン法により初期真空度3×10−4Paの状態から酸素/アルゴンガス4%の混合ガスを導入して1×10−1Paの条件下においてITOターゲットにてスパッタリングを行いIn/In+Snの原子比が0.98である酸化インジウム錫(ITO)からなる透明導電膜を得た。測定の結果、膜厚は1000Å、比抵抗は4×10-4Ω−cmであった。 得られた透明電極/透明バリアフィルムを用いて、有機EL素子を作製した。ITO陽極の上に正孔輸送層としてTPDを40nm蒸着し、ついで電子輸送層兼発光層としてAlq3を70nm蒸着後、陰極としてAg/Mg(10:1)の陰極を200nm蒸着し有機EL素子を作製した。陰極側を紫外線硬化樹脂をシール材とした接着剤を用いてガラス基板で封止した。
作成した有機EL素子を発光させたところ、目視による非発光部は無く、良好な発光特性を示した。
【0016】
(実施例2)
実施例1と同様の基板を用い、酸化珪素80nm、酸化クロム5nm、酸化珪素25nm、酸化クロム5nm、酸化珪素25nmの順に成膜した。酸化珪素、酸化クロムの成膜条件は膜厚以外、実施例1と同じとした。この透明バリアフィルムの水蒸気透過度も実施例1同様、信頼限界未満であり、透明性にも問題がなかった。
(実施例3)
実施例1で使用したポリエーテルスルホンの代わりに、ポリカーボネート基板を用いた他は実施例1と同様に、ポリカーボネートの基板上に層▲1▼〜▲3▼の形成を行った。この透明バリアフィルムの水蒸気透過度も実施例1同様、信頼限界未満であり、透明性にも問題がなかった。
(比較例1)
実施例1と同様の条件で、ポリエーテルスルホン基板上に酸化珪素層の形成を行った。各無機物質層の表面平滑性をAFMにて評価したところ、無機物質層▲1▼はRa=11nm、Ry=0.6μm、最大高さと幅の最小値のアスペクト比(最大高さ/幅最小値)が0.2よりも大きい突起が1個存在した。無機物質層▲2▼はRa=12nm、Ry=0.5μm、最大高さと幅の最小値のアスペクト比(最大高さ/幅最小値)が0.2よりも大きい突起が1個存在した。無機物質層▲3▼はRa=14nm、Ry=0.7μm、最大高さと幅の最小値のアスペクト比(最大高さ/幅最小値)が0.2よりも大きい突起が1個存在した。
この透明バリアフィルムの水蒸気透過度をJISK7129B(40℃、湿度90%)に準拠して測定したところ、0.1g/m2/day(信頼限界)未満で、透明性にも問題がなかった。作製した透明バリアフィルムを用いて実施例1と同様に有機EL素子を形成し発光評価を行ったところ、目視による非発光部が存在した。
【0017】
(比較例2)
実施例1と同様の条件で、ポリエーテルスルホン基板上に酸化珪素層の形成を行い、その厚みを140nm単層とした。この透明バリアフィルムの水蒸気透過度は、0.14g/m2/dayであった。
(比較例3)
実施例1と同様の条件で、ポリエーテルスルホン基板上に酸化珪素を80nm堆積させ、一度真空引きした後、再度同じ条件で酸化珪素10nm、再度真空引き後、さらに同じ条件で酸化珪素50nmを成膜した。この透明バリアフィルムの水蒸気透過度は、0.13g/m2/dayであった。
(比較例4)
ポリエーテルスルホン基板に有機物層を形成するところまでは実施例1と同じにした基板上に、酸化クロム80nm、酸化珪素10nm、酸化クロム50nmの順に成膜した。酸化クロム、酸化珪素の成膜条件は膜厚以外、実施例1と同じとした。この透明バリアフィルムの水蒸気透過度は信頼限界未満であったが、透明性に問題があった。
【0018】
実施例1〜3は表示素子としての要求特性を十分に満たしていたが、表面性の劣る比較例1や酸化珪素層単層である比較例2、同じ組成の酸化珪素を3層に分けて積層した比較例3では、光線透過率は良好であったものの、表示素子用としての要求特性を満たさなかった。また、層▲1▼および層▲3▼と層▲2▼の組成を逆にした比較例4では、光線透過率が要求性能を満たさなかった。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、高いガス・水蒸気バリア性と高い透明性をあわせもつことを特徴とする透明バリアフィルムである。本発明の透明バリアフィルムをたとえば表示用素子として適用すれば、軽くて割れないディスプレイが実現できる。また、薬品などの保存に適用すれば中身が見えて、落としても割れないような保存容器を実現することも可能であり、その工業的価値は極めて高い。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a transparent barrier film having a high gas / water vapor barrier property that can be applied to a wide range of uses such as optical members, electronics members, general packaging members, and medicine packaging members.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, gas / water vapor barrier films in which a thin film of metal oxide such as aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, etc. is formed on the surface of a plastic substrate are used for packaging goods, foods and industrial products that need to block gas and water vapor. Widely used in packaging applications to prevent alteration of goods and medicines. Moreover, it is used with a liquid crystal display element, a solar cell, an electroluminescence (EL) substrate, etc. besides the packaging use.
[0003]
In particular, transparent substrates, which are being applied to liquid crystal display elements (EL) elements, etc., have recently been required to be lighter and larger, have long-term reliability and high degree of freedom in shape, and can display curved surfaces. As a result of such high demands, transparent plastic substrates and the like have begun to be used instead of glass substrates that are heavy, easily broken, and difficult to increase in area. In addition, the plastic substrate not only meets the above requirements, but also has a roll-to-roll method, and is more advantageous than glass in terms of productivity and cost reduction.
[0004]
However, substrates such as transparent plastics have a problem that the gas / water vapor barrier property is inferior to glass. If a substrate having a poor gas / water vapor barrier property is used, gas or water vapor permeates, and for example, the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal cell is deteriorated, resulting in display defects and deterioration of display quality. In order to solve such problems, it is known to form a transparent barrier film by forming a metal oxide thin film on a plastic substrate. As a transparent barrier film used for a packaging material or a liquid crystal display element, a film obtained by vapor-depositing silicon oxide on a plastic substrate (Patent Document 1) or a film obtained by vapor-depositing aluminum oxide (Patent Document 2) are known. It has a water vapor barrier property of about 1 g / m 2 / day. In recent years, demands for barrier performance to a transparent barrier film have increased to about 0.1 g / m 2 / day due to the development of large-sized liquid crystal displays and high-definition displays. In order to meet this demand, film formation by sputtering or CVD has been studied as a means for expecting higher barrier performance.
[0005]
However, the development of organic EL displays and high-definition color liquid crystal displays that require further barrier properties in recent years has progressed, and while maintaining the transparency that can be used therefor, even higher barrier properties of 0.1 g / m 2 / A transparent barrier film having a performance of less than day has been demanded.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Publication No.53-12953 [Patent Document 2]
JP 58-217344 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a transparent barrier film having higher gas / water vapor barrier performance than before.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention
(1) SiOxNy (1 <x <2, 0 ≦ y ≦ 1.3) layer 1 on the plastic substrate, inorganic material layer 2 different from the SiOxNy layer 1, SiOxNy (1 <x <2, 0 ≦ y) ≦ 1.3) A transparent barrier film in which the layers 3 are sequentially laminated, and the ratio of the thickness of the inorganic material layer 2 to the SiOxNy layer 1 and the SiOxNy layer 3 is 0.002 ≦ (inorganic material layer 2) / ( SiOxNy layer 1) ≦ 0.5 and 0.002 ≦ (inorganic material layer 2) / (SiOxNy layer 3) ≦ 0.5, and an organic material layer is provided between the plastic substrate and the inorganic material layer 1 An organic EL device using a transparent barrier film ,
(2) The organic EL device according to (1), wherein the inorganic material layer 1 and the inorganic material layer 3 have the same composition ,
(3) The organic EL element according to (1) or (2), wherein the inorganic material layer 3 is sequentially laminated after the inorganic material layer 1 and the inorganic material layer 2 are sequentially laminated ,
(4) The organic EL device according to any one of (1) to (3) 3, wherein the inorganic material layer 2 is an inorganic material that is transparent in thickness .
(5) The organic EL device according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the inorganic material layer 2 is a SiOxNy layer having an element concentration ratio O / (O + N) different from that of the inorganic material layer 1 and the inorganic material layer 3 .
(6) The organic EL element according to (5), wherein the element concentration ratio O / (O + N) of the inorganic material layer 2 is larger than the element concentration ratio O / (O + N) of the inorganic material layer 1 and the inorganic material layer 3 ;
(7) The organic EL device according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the glass transition temperature of the plastic substrate is 200 ° C. or higher .
(8) The organic EL device according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the plastic substrate is mainly composed of a cycloolefin resin or polyethersulfone .
It is.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The barrier property is enhanced by laminating three or more inorganic substance layers imparting barrier properties to the plastic substrate and making the positions of the structural defects different in each layer at the time of lamination. However, when the inorganic material is formed, protrusions and holes may be formed in the inorganic material layer due to foreign matters and the like. In order to realize further improvement of the barrier performance in the three-layer structure, protrusions and holes are formed in each inorganic material layer. It turns out that there is a need to limit the size and quantity. To achieve this, an inorganic material layer (1) is formed on a plastic substrate, then an inorganic material layer (2) different from the inorganic material layer (1) is formed, and further, an inorganic material layer (1) and A similar inorganic material layer (3) is formed to constitute a laminate. At this time, it is preferable to observe the surface smoothness of the surface of each inorganic substance layer by observing a 20 μ × 20 μ range with AFM. Furthermore, the surface roughness arithmetic average value (Ra) is Ra <10 nm, the maximum height (Ry) is Ry <0.3 μm, the depth from the average line is 10 nm or more, and the aspect ratio of the hole depth to the hole diameter. There is no hole whose (hole depth / hole diameter) is larger than 0.2, and the aspect ratio (maximum height / minimum width) of the minimum value of the maximum height and width is locally greater than 0.2 on the surface. It is preferable that the inorganic material layer has no projections.
[0010]
Regarding the material constituting the inorganic substance layer, the inorganic substance layer (3) may be an inorganic substance having the same composition as the inorganic substance layer (1). Further, the composition of the inorganic material layer (2) is not particularly limited as long as it is a transparent inorganic material in its thickness. The inorganic material layer is, for example, a metal containing one or more of Si, Al, Ta, W, Nb, Ni, In, Sn, Zn, Ti, Cu, Ce, Cr, oxides, nitrides or oxynitrides thereof. Can be used. As for the inorganic material layer (2), SiOxNy may be used as long as the element ratio is different from the inorganic material layer (1) and the inorganic material layer (3), and the element concentration ratio O / (O + N) is not particularly limited. It is preferable that it is larger than the inorganic material layer (1) or the inorganic material layer (3) because good light transmittance, water vapor barrier properties and resistance to cracking due to bending can be obtained. By making the SiOxNy layer (1) and the inorganic material layer (2) have different compositions, the growth of the defective portion of the layer structure of the SiOxNy layer (1) is cut off by the inorganic material layer (2). Even if the inorganic material layer (3) having the same composition as (1) is laminated, it is considered that the position of the structural defect portion is different between the inorganic material layer (1) and the inorganic material layer (3). If the inorganic material layer (2) is not present, the inorganic material layer (3) is laminated after the inorganic material layer (1) is laminated, and the structural defect growth is the same in the inorganic material layer (1) and the inorganic material layer (3). It is continued at the position and cannot be divided.
[0011]
In the transparent barrier film having the SiOxNy (1 <x <2, 0 ≦ y ≦ 1.3) layer 1 as a barrier, the SiOxNy layer 1 is composed of the inorganic material layer 2 and the structural defect position between the layer 1 and the layer 3 as described above. Therefore, the barrier ratio is not particularly required, and the ratio of the thickness with the layer 1 and / or the layer 3 is 0.002 ≦ (inorganic substance layer 2) / (layer 1) ≦ 0.5, And 0.002 ≦ (inorganic material layer 2) / (layer 3) ≦ 0.5 , preferably 0.01 ≦ (inorganic material layer 2) / (layer 1) ≦ 0.3, and 0.01 ≦. (Inorganic material layer 2) / (Layer 3) ≦ 0.3 , more preferably 0.02 ≦ (Inorganic material layer 2) / (Layer 1) ≦ 0.2, and 0.02 ≦ (Inorganic material layer) 2) / (Layer 3) ≦ 0.2 . If it is less than the lower limit, the effect of dividing structural defect growth is not sufficient, and if the inorganic material layer 2 is sufficiently thin, even an inorganic material whose light transmittance is low if it is thick is used without impairing transparency. be able to.
The thickness of the entire layers 1 to 3 is preferably 10 to 500 nm because better light transmittance, water vapor barrier properties, and crack resistance due to bending can be obtained.
A plurality of SiOxNy (1 <x <2, 0 ≦ y ≦ 1.3) 1 and an inorganic substance 2 having a composition different from that may be laminated on the plastic substrate, and the number of laminated layers is not particularly limited. By increasing the number of layers, the barrier property can be sufficiently developed for the above reason even if the thickness of each layer is reduced. Also, crack resistance is improved.
[0012]
The method for forming the inorganic material layer is realized by means such as vacuum deposition, ion plating, CVD, sputtering. In particular, sputtering that can form a dense film with good controllability of the composition, normal pressure for depositing an inorganic film by using discharge plasma treatment near atmospheric pressure, which does not require a vacuum process and is inexpensive to form. CVD is preferred. The sputtering method is not particularly limited, and for example, a DC sputtering method, an RF sputtering method, a method of mixing RF and DC, or the like can be selected.
[0013]
In addition, when an organic material layer is provided between the plastic substrate and the inorganic material layer, it is possible to improve the resistance to bending and adhesion of the inorganic material layer. In this case, although there is no restriction | limiting in particular about the material of an organic substance layer, Acrylic resin, urethane type resin, polyester-type resin, etc. can be used. Among them, it is obtained by coating a monomer having a bifunctional or higher acryloyl group among epoxy acrylate, urethane acrylate, isocyanuric acid acrylate, pentaerythritol acrylate, trimethylolpropane acrylate, ethylene glycol acrylate, polyester acrylate, and the like, followed by crosslinking. It is preferable that the main component is a polymer because of good coating properties. In particular, it is preferable that the main component is isocyanuric acid acrylate, epoxy acrylate, or urethane acrylate having a high degree of crosslinking. These monomers having a bifunctional or higher acryloyl group may be used as a mixture of two or more, or may be used as a mixture of a monofunctional acrylate. In addition, PVA-based, EVA-based, polyvinylidene chloride, or a plurality of these resins, which are relatively barrier by themselves, can also be used. The thickness of the organic layer (1) directly above the resin substrate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 10 μm.
[0014]
There is no limitation on the plastic substrate of the present invention, but polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, polyarylate, polyacrylate, polyester, polyamide, epoxy, polyimide, polyolefin, polyvinylidene chloride, cycloolefin resin, etc. should be used. Can do. In particular, cycloolefin resins and polyether sulfones having a glass transition temperature of 200 ° C. or higher are preferable because they have good optical properties and high heat resistance, and are not deformed or deteriorated by high-temperature treatment in the organic layer / inorganic layer forming process. Different resins may be combined.
[0015]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
(Example 1)
In a polyethersulfone substrate, 50 parts by weight of isocyanuric acid EO-modified triacrylate and 1.5 parts by weight of a photoinitiator (IRG-907 manufactured by Ciba Geigy) were stirred and dissolved in 33 parts by weight of isoamyl acetate and 17 parts by weight of butyl cellosolve. = 50 wt% uniform solution was applied by a spin coater, heated and dried at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes, and further cured by UV irradiation to form a 5 μm resin layer. Next, the substrate on which the organic layer is formed is set in a vacuum chamber of a sputtering apparatus, and vacuum is drawn up to 10 −4 Pa, oxygen is introduced as a reaction gas at a partial pressure of 0.015 Pa, and the pressure of the entire system is zero. Argon was introduced as a discharge gas so as to be .13 Pa. When the atmospheric pressure was stabilized, discharge was started, plasma was generated on the Si target, and a sputtering process was started. When the process was stabilized, the shutter was opened and formation of a silicon oxide layer (layer (1)) on the substrate was started. When the 80 nm film was deposited, the shutter was closed to complete the formation of the layer (1). Here, a part of the substrate having the layer {circle around (1)} is cut off, and the surface smoothness of the layer {circle around (1)} is evaluated by AFM in the range of 20 μ × 20 μm. Ra = 1.2 nm, Ry = 0.2 μm, The aspect ratio (maximum height / minimum width) of the minimum value of the maximum height and width was smooth with no protrusions larger than 0.2. Subsequently, the substrate on which the layer {circle around (1)} is formed is set again in the vacuum chamber of the sputtering apparatus, and the vacuum is drawn up to the 10 −4 Pa level, the oxygen partial pressure is 0.009 Pa as the reaction gas, and the pressure of the entire system is 0. Argon was introduced to reach 13 Pa. When the atmospheric pressure was stabilized, discharge was started, plasma was generated on the chromium target, and a sputtering process was started. When the process was stabilized, the shutter was opened and formation of a chromium oxide layer (layer (2)) on the substrate was started. When the 10 nm film was deposited, the shutter was closed to complete the film formation. Here, when the surface smoothness of the cut layer (2) was evaluated by the same method as the evaluation of the layer (1), a part of the substrate formed with the layer (2) was evaluated, and Ra = 1.2 nm, Ry = 0. The aspect ratio (maximum height / minimum width) of the minimum value of 2 μm, maximum height and width was smooth with no protrusions larger than 0.2. Subsequently, the substrate on which the layer (2) is formed is set again in the vacuum chamber of the sputtering apparatus, and vacuum is drawn up to the 10 −4 Pa level, and a layer (3) is deposited by 50 nm under the same conditions as the layer (1). I let you. Air was introduced into the vacuum chamber and the substrate was taken out. When the surface smoothness of the layer (3) was evaluated by the same method as the evaluation of the surface smoothness of the layer (1), the aspect ratio of Ra = 1.4 nm, Ry = 0.2 μm, and the minimum value of the maximum height and width. It had smoothness with no protrusion having a maximum height / minimum width greater than 0.2. When the water vapor permeability of this transparent barrier film was measured according to JISK7129B (40 ° C., humidity 90%), it was less than 0.1 g / m 2 / day (reliability limit), and there was no problem with transparency. A condition of 1 × 10 −1 Pa by introducing a mixed gas of oxygen / argon gas 4% from the initial vacuum degree of 3 × 10 −4 Pa as a transparent conductive film on the produced transparent barrier film by a pulse DC magnetron method. Under the sputtering, an ITO target was used to obtain a transparent conductive film made of indium tin oxide (ITO) having an In / In + Sn atomic ratio of 0.98. As a result of the measurement, the film thickness was 1000 mm and the specific resistance was 4 × 10 −4 Ω-cm. An organic EL element was produced using the obtained transparent electrode / transparent barrier film. On the ITO anode, 40 nm of TPD was deposited as a hole transport layer, and then 70 nm of Alq3 was deposited as an electron transport layer and a light-emitting layer, and then a cathode of Ag / Mg (10: 1) was deposited at 200 nm as a cathode. Produced. The cathode side was sealed with a glass substrate using an adhesive having an ultraviolet curable resin as a sealing material.
When the produced organic EL device was allowed to emit light, there was no non-light emitting portion by visual observation, and good light emission characteristics were exhibited.
[0016]
(Example 2)
A substrate similar to that in Example 1 was used, and silicon oxide 80 nm, chromium oxide 5 nm, silicon oxide 25 nm, chromium oxide 5 nm, and silicon oxide 25 nm were formed in this order. The film forming conditions for silicon oxide and chromium oxide were the same as in Example 1 except for the film thickness. The water vapor permeability of this transparent barrier film was less than the reliability limit as in Example 1, and there was no problem with transparency.
(Example 3)
Layers (1) to (3) were formed on a polycarbonate substrate in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polycarbonate substrate was used instead of the polyethersulfone used in Example 1. The water vapor permeability of this transparent barrier film was less than the reliability limit as in Example 1, and there was no problem with transparency.
(Comparative Example 1)
A silicon oxide layer was formed on the polyethersulfone substrate under the same conditions as in Example 1. When the surface smoothness of each inorganic material layer was evaluated by AFM, the inorganic material layer {circle around (1)} has Ra = 11 nm, Ry = 0.6 μm, and the aspect ratio of the maximum height and minimum width (maximum height / width minimum). There was one protrusion with a value greater than 0.2. In the inorganic material layer (2), Ra = 12 nm, Ry = 0.5 μm, and one protrusion having a maximum aspect ratio (maximum height / minimum width) of the minimum value of the maximum height and width was larger than 0.2. In the inorganic material layer (3), Ra = 14 nm, Ry = 0.7 μm, and one protrusion having a maximum aspect ratio (maximum height / minimum width) of a minimum value of maximum height and width was larger than 0.2.
When the water vapor permeability of this transparent barrier film was measured according to JISK7129B (40 ° C., humidity 90%), it was less than 0.1 g / m 2 / day (reliability limit), and there was no problem with transparency. When the organic EL element was formed using the produced transparent barrier film in the same manner as in Example 1 and the light emission was evaluated, there was a visually non-light emitting portion.
[0017]
(Comparative Example 2)
Under the same conditions as in Example 1, a silicon oxide layer was formed on the polyethersulfone substrate, and the thickness thereof was a 140 nm single layer. The water vapor permeability of this transparent barrier film was 0.14 g / m 2 / day.
(Comparative Example 3)
Under the same conditions as in Example 1, 80 nm of silicon oxide was deposited on the polyethersulfone substrate, and once evacuated, again 10 nm of silicon oxide under the same conditions, again evacuated, and further formed 50 nm of silicon oxide under the same conditions. Filmed. The water vapor permeability of this transparent barrier film was 0.13 g / m 2 / day.
(Comparative Example 4)
The film was formed in the order of 80 nm of chromium oxide, 10 nm of silicon oxide, and 50 nm of chromium oxide on the same substrate as in Example 1 until the organic substance layer was formed on the polyethersulfone substrate. The film forming conditions for chromium oxide and silicon oxide were the same as in Example 1 except for the film thickness. Although the water vapor permeability of this transparent barrier film was less than the reliability limit, there was a problem with transparency.
[0018]
In Examples 1 to 3, the required characteristics as display elements were sufficiently satisfied, but Comparative Example 1 having poor surface properties, Comparative Example 2 having a single silicon oxide layer, and silicon oxide having the same composition were divided into three layers. In the laminated comparative example 3, although the light transmittance was good, the required characteristics for display elements were not satisfied. Further, in Comparative Example 4 in which the compositions of the layers (1) and (3) and (2) were reversed, the light transmittance did not satisfy the required performance.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention is a transparent barrier film characterized by having both high gas / water vapor barrier properties and high transparency. When the transparent barrier film of the present invention is applied as, for example, a display element, a light and unbreakable display can be realized. Moreover, if it is applied to the storage of chemicals, it is possible to realize a storage container whose contents can be seen and will not break even if dropped, and its industrial value is extremely high.

Claims (8)

プラスチック基材上にSiOxNy(1<x<2、0≦y≦1.3)層1、前記SiOxNy層1とは異なる無機物質層2、SiOxNy(1<x<2、0≦y≦1.3)層3を順次積層した透明バリアフィルムであって、無機物質層2と前記SiOxNy層1およびSiOxNy層3との厚みの比が、0.002≦(無機物質層2)/(SiOxNy層1)≦0.5、かつ0.002≦(無機物質層2)/(SiOxNy層3)≦0.5であり、プラスチック基材と前記無機物質層1との間に有機物層を持つ透明バリアフィルムを使用した有機EL素子SiOxNy (1 <x <2, 0 ≦ y ≦ 1.3) layer 1 on the plastic substrate, inorganic material layer 2 different from the SiOxNy layer 1, SiOxNy (1 <x <2, 0 ≦ y ≦ 1. 3) A transparent barrier film in which the layers 3 are sequentially laminated, and the thickness ratio of the inorganic material layer 2 to the SiOxNy layer 1 and the SiOxNy layer 3 is 0.002 ≦ (inorganic material layer 2) / (SiOxNy layer 1) ) ≦ 0.5 and 0.002 ≦ (inorganic material layer 2) / (SiOxNy layer 3) ≦ 0.5, and a transparent barrier film having an organic material layer between the plastic substrate and the inorganic material layer 1 Organic EL device using 前記無機物質層1と無機物質層3が同一の組成である請求項1記載の有機EL素子The organic EL element according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material layer 1 and the inorganic material layer 3 have the same composition. 前記無機物質層1と無機物質層2を複数層順次積層した後に前記無機物質層3を積層した請求項1または2記載の有機EL素子The organic EL element according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material layer 3 is stacked after the inorganic material layer 1 and the inorganic material layer 2 are sequentially stacked. 前記無機物質層2がその厚みにおいて透明な無機物質である請求項1〜3何れか一項記載の有機EL素子The organic EL element according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material layer 2 is an inorganic material that is transparent in its thickness. 前記無機物質層2が無機物質層1及び無機物質層3と元素濃度比O/(O+N)が異なるSiOxNy層である請求項1〜4何れか一項記載の有機EL素子The organic EL element according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material layer 2 is a SiOxNy layer having an element concentration ratio O / (O + N) different from that of the inorganic material layer 1 and the inorganic material layer 3. 前記無機物質層2の元素濃度比O/(O+N)が無機物質層1及び無機物質層3の元素濃度比O/(O+N)よりも大である請求項5記載の有機EL素子The organic EL element according to claim 5, wherein the element concentration ratio O / (O + N) of the inorganic material layer 2 is larger than the element concentration ratio O / (O + N) of the inorganic material layer 1 and the inorganic material layer 3. プラスチック基材のガラス転移温度が200℃以上である請求項1〜6何れか一項記載の有機EL素子The organic EL element according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the glass transition temperature of the plastic substrate is 200 ° C or higher. プラスチック基材がシクロオレフィン系樹脂またはポリエーテルスルホンを主成分とする請求項1〜7何れか一項記載の有機EL素子The organic EL device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the plastic substrate is mainly composed of a cycloolefin-based resin or polyethersulfone.
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