JP4169723B2 - Method for forming opening of face material - Google Patents
Method for forming opening of face material Download PDFInfo
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- JP4169723B2 JP4169723B2 JP2004156057A JP2004156057A JP4169723B2 JP 4169723 B2 JP4169723 B2 JP 4169723B2 JP 2004156057 A JP2004156057 A JP 2004156057A JP 2004156057 A JP2004156057 A JP 2004156057A JP 4169723 B2 JP4169723 B2 JP 4169723B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 91
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Milling, Drilling, And Turning Of Wood (AREA)
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Description
この出願の発明は、面材の開口部の形成方法に関するものである。さらに詳しくは、この出願の発明は、回転切削刃により隅部の角張った開口部を形成することのできる面材の開口部の形成方法に関するものである。 The invention of this application relates to a method for forming an opening of a face material. More specifically, the invention of this application relates to a method for forming an opening of a face material that can form an opening having a corner with a rotating cutting blade.
扉、間仕切り、内壁パネル等の内装パネル等に用いられる各種面材に開口部を形成する際には、ルーター等の回転切削刃を備えた加工装置が用いられ、回転切削刃により開口部が切削加工される（たとえば、特許文献１参照）。
しかしながら、回転切削刃によりたとえば四角状の開口部を切削加工すると、図５に示したように、回転切削刃（１）の中心の軌跡（２）は四角形であるが、切削加工に使用される回転切削刃（１）の胴部の断面形状が略円形であるため、隅部（３）には、回転切削刃（１）の半径分のＲ形状が形成されることになる。したがって、隅部（３）を角張った形状にするには、ノミや彫刻刀を用いてハツリ加工を行う必要がある。このハツリ加工は、手作業による後加工となるため、開口部（４）の形成は手間のかかる、また、精度の低いものとなっている。 However, when, for example, a square opening is cut by the rotary cutting blade, the center locus (2) of the rotary cutting blade (1) is square as shown in FIG. Since the cross-sectional shape of the body portion of the rotary cutting blade (1) is substantially circular, an R shape corresponding to the radius of the rotary cutting blade (1) is formed at the corner (3). Therefore, in order to make the corner (3) square, it is necessary to perform a chiseling process using a chisel or a carving sword. Since the chipping is post-processing by manual work, the formation of the opening (4) is troublesome and the accuracy is low.
一方、抜き型加工という手法もあるが、この手法では、開口部の形状、寸法に応じた抜き型が必要であり、コスト面で問題となる。 On the other hand, there is a technique called die cutting, but this technique requires a die according to the shape and dimensions of the opening, which is a problem in terms of cost.
この出願の発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、回転切削刃により隅部の角張った開口部を面材に形成することのできる面材の開口部の形成方法を提供することを解決すべき課題としている。 The invention of this application has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a method for forming an opening portion of a face material, which can form an opening having an angular corner on a face material by a rotary cutting blade. This is a problem to be solved.
この出願の発明は、上記の課題を解決するものとして、第１には、面材に形成する開口部の隅部において、面材の一方面側より先が尖った回転切削刃の先端を面材の他方面と同一面上に位置させて、開口部の他方面側の隅部が角張るように切削加工することを特徴とする面材の開口部の形成方法を提供する。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention of this application firstly, at the corner of the opening formed in the face material, the tip of the rotary cutting blade pointed from one side of the face material is faced. Provided is a method for forming an opening of a face material, characterized in that the opening is located on the same surface as the other surface of the material and is cut so that the corner on the other surface side of the opening is square.
この出願の発明は、第２には、上記第１の面材の開口部の形成方法において、回転切削刃により面材に開口部を形成し、Ｒ形状に形成された隅部において、面材の一方面側より先が尖った回転切削刃の先端を面材の他方面と同一面上に位置させて、開口部の他方面側の隅部が角張るように切削加工する面材の開口部の形成方法を提供する。 The invention of this application is, secondly, in the first method of forming the opening of the face material, the opening is formed in the face material by a rotary cutting blade, and the face material is formed at the corner formed in the R shape. The opening of the face material that is cut so that the tip of the rotary cutting blade pointed from one side of the surface of the rotary cutting blade is located on the same surface as the other surface of the face material, and the corner on the other surface side of the opening is square A method for forming a part is provided.
この出願の発明は、第３には、上記第１の面材の開口部の形成方法において、面材の一方面側より先が尖った回転切削刃の先端を面材の他方面と同一面上に位置させて切削加工し、他方面側の隅部が角張った開口部を形成する面材の開口部の形成方法を提供する。 Thirdly, in the method of forming the opening of the first face material, the invention of this application is the same as the other surface of the face material, the tip of the rotary cutting blade sharpened from the one surface side of the face material. Provided is a method for forming an opening of a face material, which is positioned above and cut to form an opening with an angular corner on the other side.
この出願の発明は、第４には、上記第１の面材の開口部の形成方法において、面材の一方面側より先が尖った回転切削刃を、隅部においては回転切削刃の先端を面材の他方面と同一面上となるように位置させ、隅部以外では回転切削刃の胴部を一方面側から他方面側にわたって位置させて切削加工し、他方面側の隅部が角張った開口部を形成する面材の開口部の形成方法を提供する。 The invention of this application is, fourthly, in the first method of forming the opening of the face material, the rotary cutting blade having a pointed tip from one side of the face material, and the tip of the rotary cutting blade at the corner. Is positioned so that it is flush with the other surface of the face material, and the body of the rotary cutting blade is positioned from one side to the other side except for the corner, and the corner on the other side is A method for forming an opening of a face material that forms an angular opening is provided.
この出願の発明は、第５には、面材に隅部を有する開口部を形成する面材の開口部の形成方法であって、
１）略円柱形状の胴部の一端に略円錐形状の先端部が連続的に形成された回転切削刃を、先端部が他方面の外側にまでくるように面材の一方面側から他方面側へと突き通す工程と、
２）回転切削刃を隅部とする部分まで移動させながら胴部により面材を切削する工程と、
３）隅部とする部分において回転切削刃を上昇させる工程と、
４）回転切削刃の先端部の外周を面材に連続的に接触させ、先端が隅部とする部分にくるように回転切削刃を斜め上方に移動させ、先が尖った回転切削刃の先端を面材の他方面と同一面上に位置させて、開口部の他方面側の隅部が角張るように切削加工する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする面材の開口部の形成方法を提供する。
The invention of this application is, fifth, a method for forming an opening of a face material for forming an opening having a corner in the face material,
1) A rotary cutting blade having a substantially conical tip continuously formed at one end of a substantially cylindrical body, and the other side from the one surface side of the face material so that the tip reaches the outside of the other surface. A process of penetrating to the side,
2) A step of cutting the face material with the trunk while moving the rotary cutting blade to the corner portion;
3) a step of raising the rotary cutting blade at the corner portion;
4) the outer periphery of the distal end portion of the rotary cutting blade surface material sequentially contacting the tip so that movement of the rotary cutting blade to come to the portion of the corner portion obliquely upward, the tip of the rotary cutting blade previously pointed the so positioned on the other side the same surface of the surface material, the method of forming the opening in the face plate, characterized in that it comprises a other side of the corners you cutting as angulate step of the opening I will provide a.
この出願の発明の第１の面材の開口部の形成方法によれば、回転切削刃により隅部の角張った開口部を面材に形成することができる。 According to the first face material opening forming method of the invention of this application, an angular opening having a corner portion can be formed in the face material by the rotary cutting blade.
この出願の発明の第２、第３、第４のいずれの面材の開口部の形成方法によっても、回転切削刃のみにより面材に隅部の角張った開口部を形成することができる。また、この出願の発明の第４および第５の面材の開口部の形成方法によれば、面材の開口部の形成が効率的となる。さらに、この出願の発明の第５の面材の開口部の形成方法によれば、面材の他方面に配設される化粧シート等の表面材の剥がれや表面材によるバリの形成が防止される。 According to any of the second, third, and fourth face material opening forming methods of the invention of this application, an angular opening having a corner can be formed in the face material only by the rotary cutting blade. Further, according to the fourth and fifth face material opening forming methods of the invention of this application, the formation of the face material opening becomes efficient. Furthermore, according to the fifth face material opening forming method of the invention of this application, peeling of a surface material such as a decorative sheet disposed on the other surface of the face material and formation of burrs by the surface material are prevented. The
以下、図面に沿ってこの出願の発明の面材の開口部の形成方法について詳しく説明する。 Hereinafter, the method for forming the opening of the face material of the invention of this application will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
図１は、この出願の発明の面材の開口部の形成方法の概要を示した要部断面図である。 FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part showing an outline of a method for forming an opening of a face material according to the invention of this application.
たとえばこの図１に示したように、この出願の発明の面材の開口部の形成方法では、面材（５）に形成する開口部（４）の隅部において、面材（５）の一方面（５１）側より先が尖った回転切削刃（１）の先端（１１）を面材（５）の他方面（５２）と同一面上に位置させて、切削加工する。この切削加工により、面材（５）には、一方面（５１）から他方面（５２）にかけてテーパ状に切削され、テーパ面（６）が形成されることになるが、開口部（４）の隅部（３）は角張る。このため、この出願の発明の面材の開口部の形成方法は、回転切削刃（１）により、隅部（３）が角張った開口部（４）を面材（５）に形成することができる。手作業による後加工が解消され、生産性がよく、精度の高い切削加工となる。また、抜き型は不要であり、コスト面でも優れている。 For example, as shown in FIG. 1, in the method for forming an opening of a face material according to the invention of this application, one of the face materials (5) is formed at the corner of the opening (4) formed in the face material (5). Cutting is performed by positioning the tip (11) of the rotary cutting blade (1) having a sharp tip from the side (51) side on the same surface as the other surface (52) of the face material (5). By this cutting, the face material (5) is cut in a tapered shape from one surface (51) to the other surface (52) to form a tapered surface (6), but the opening (4) The corner (3) is square. For this reason, in the method of forming the opening of the face material of the invention of this application, the opening (4) with the corner (3) squared is formed in the face material (5) by the rotary cutting blade (1). it can. Manual post-processing is eliminated, productivity is high, and high-precision cutting is achieved. Moreover, a punching die is not required, and the cost is excellent.
回転切削刃（１）を用いて開口部（４）を面材（５）に形成する際には、具体的には、図２に示したように、まず、先が尖った回転切削刃（１）の胴部（１２）により面材（５）に開口部（４）を形成する（図２＜ａ＞）。このときの切削加工には、先が尖っていない回転切削刃も用いることができる。次いで、Ｒ形状に形成された隅部（３）において、面材（５）の一方面（５１）側より先が尖った回転切削刃（１）の先端（１１）を面材（５）の他方面（５２）と同一面上に位置させる（図２＜ｂ＞）。図中に示した点線は、回転切削刃（１）の中心の軌跡（２）である。このとき、面材（５）には、前述したとおりのテーパ面（６）が形成されるが、開口部（４）の隅部（３）は角張る。 When the opening (4) is formed in the face material (5) using the rotary cutting blade (1), specifically, as shown in FIG. An opening (4) is formed in the face material (5) by the body (12) of 1) (FIG. 2 <a>). For the cutting process at this time, a rotary cutting blade having no sharp tip can also be used. Next, at the corner (3) formed in the R shape, the tip (11) of the rotary cutting blade (1) having a pointed tip from the one surface (51) side of the face material (5) is attached to the face material (5). It is located on the same surface as the other surface (52) (FIG. 2 <b>). The dotted line shown in the figure is the locus (2) of the center of the rotary cutting blade (1). At this time, the face material (5) is formed with the tapered surface (6) as described above, but the corner (3) of the opening (4) is angular.
なお、先が尖った回転切削刃（１）の先端（１１）部による切削力は、胴部（１２）に比べ回転半径が小さくなるため、弱くなるおそれがあるが、この問題は、先が尖った回転切削刃（１）の回転数を上げることにより解消することができる。 Note that the cutting force by the tip (11) of the pointed rotary cutting blade (1) may be weaker because the radius of rotation is smaller than that of the body (12). This can be solved by increasing the number of revolutions of the pointed rotary cutting blade (1).
先が尖った回転切削刃（１）を用いて開口部（４）を面材（５）に形成する際には、図３に示した実施形態を採用することもできる。 When forming the opening (4) in the face material (5) using the pointed rotary cutting blade (1), the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 can also be adopted.
すなわち、面材（５）の一方面（５１）側より先が尖った回転切削刃（１）の先端（１１）を面材（５）の他方面（５２）と同一面上に位置させて切削加工する。開口部（４）は、回転切削刃（１）の軌跡（２）に沿った隅部（３）が角張ったものとなる。この実施形態は、多角形や星型などの角部を有する形状の開口部（４）を形成するのに好適である。なお、この場合、先が尖った回転切削刃（１）の移動速度は、図２＜ａ＞に示した先が尖った回転切削刃（１）の胴部（１２）若しくは先が尖っていない回転切削刃による切削加工時の回転切削刃（１）の移動速度よりもゆるやかにするのが好ましい。 That is, the tip (11) of the rotary cutting blade (1) having a pointed tip from the one surface (51) side of the face material (5) is positioned on the same surface as the other surface (52) of the face material (5). Cutting. The opening (4) has an angular corner (3) along the locus (2) of the rotary cutting blade (1). This embodiment is suitable for forming the opening (4) having a corner such as a polygon or a star. In this case, the moving speed of the pointed rotary cutting blade (1) is such that the barrel (12) of the pointed rotary cutting blade (1) shown in FIG. It is preferable to make the speed slower than the moving speed of the rotary cutting blade (1) at the time of cutting with the rotary cutting blade.
また、面材（１）の開口部（４）の形成は、図２及び図３に示した実施形態を組み合わせることにより実現することもできる。すなわち、面材（５）の一方面（５１）側より回転切削刃（１）により切削加工し、隅部（３）においては、図３に示した実施形態のように、先が尖った回転切削刃（１）の先端（１１）を面材（５）の他方面（５２）と同一面上となるように位置させ、隅部（３）以外では、図２＜ａ＞に示したように、先が尖った回転切削刃（１）の胴部（１２）により切削加工する。このようにしても、隅部（３）の角張った開口部（４）が形成される。この場合には、隅部（３）以外の部分で先が尖った回転切削刃（１）の移動速度を速めることができ、効率のよい開口部（４）の形成が可能となる。また、先が尖った回転切削刃（１）のみを用いる場合、その切削部位を変えることにより、隅部（３）の角張った開口部（４）を面材（５）に形成することができ、回転切削刃（１）による連続的な開口部（４）の形成が可能となる。回転切削刃（１）の耐久性が良好ともなる。回転切削刃（１）の上下・左右方向の位置制御は、たとえばＮＣのプログラム等により容易に行うことができる。 Moreover, formation of the opening part (4) of a face material (1) can also be implement | achieved by combining embodiment shown in FIG.2 and FIG.3. That is, cutting is performed with the rotary cutting blade (1) from the one surface (51) side of the face material (5), and the corner (3) is a pointed rotation as in the embodiment shown in FIG. The tip (11) of the cutting blade (1) is positioned so as to be flush with the other surface (52) of the face material (5), except for the corner (3), as shown in FIG. In addition, cutting is performed by the body (12) of the rotary cutting blade (1) having a sharp point. Even in this way, the angular opening (4) of the corner (3) is formed. In this case, it is possible to increase the moving speed of the rotary cutting blade (1) pointed at a portion other than the corner (3), and it is possible to efficiently form the opening (4). In addition, when only the pointed rotary cutting blade (1) is used, an angular opening (4) of the corner (3) can be formed in the face material (5) by changing the cutting part. The continuous opening (4) can be formed by the rotary cutting blade (1). The durability of the rotary cutting blade (1) is also good. The position control of the rotary cutting blade (1) in the vertical and horizontal directions can be easily performed by an NC program, for example.
より具体的には、図４に示したように、略円柱形状の胴部（１２）の一端に略円錐形状の先端（１１）部が連続的に形成された回転切削刃（１）を、先端（１１）部が他方面（５２）の外側にまでくるように面材（５）の一方面（５１）側から他方面（５２）側へと突き通す。次いで、回転切削刃（１）を隅部（３）とする部分（３１）まで移動させながら胴部（１２）により面材（５）を切削する（以上、図４＜ａ＞＜ｂ＞）この後、隅部（３）とする部分（３１）において回転切削刃（１）を上昇させる（図４＜ｃ＞）。この際に、回転切削刃（１）の先端（１１）部の外周を面材（５）に連続的に接触させ、先端（１１）が隅部（３）とする部分（３１）にくるように回転切削刃（１）を斜め上方に移動させ、先が尖った回転切削刃（１）の先端（１１）を面材（５）の他方面（５２）と同一面上となるように位置させて切削加工する。（図４＜ｄ＞）。この一連の工程を繰り返し、隅部（３）が角張った開口部（４）を形成する。 More specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, a rotary cutting blade (1) in which a substantially conical tip (11) is continuously formed at one end of a substantially cylindrical body (12), The face (5) penetrates from the one surface (51) side to the other surface (52) side so that the tip (11) portion reaches the outside of the other surface (52). Next, the face material (5) is cut by the body portion (12) while moving the rotary cutting blade (1) to the portion (31) where the corner portion (3) is used (refer to FIGS. 4 <a><b> above). Thereafter, the rotary cutting blade (1) is raised at the portion (31) to be the corner (3) (FIG. 4 <c>). At this time, the outer periphery of the tip (11) portion of the rotary cutting blade (1) is continuously brought into contact with the face material (5) so that the tip (11) comes to the portion (31) which is the corner (3). The rotary cutting blade (1) is moved obliquely upward to position the tip (11) of the pointed rotary cutting blade (1) on the same plane as the other surface (52) of the face material (5). cutting by. (FIG. 4 <d>). This series of steps is repeated to form an opening (4) with an angular corner (3).
このように、隅部（３）とする部分（３１）において、回転切削刃（１）の先端（１１）部の外周を面材（５）に連続的に接触させ、先端（１１）が隅部とする部分（３１）にくるように回転切削刃（１）を斜め上方に移動させることにより、面材（５）が、他方面（５２）に化粧シート等の表面材が配設されたものである場合、隅部（３）において表面材が剥がれたり、表面材がバリとなって残ったりするのを防止することができる。 Thus, in the part (31) to be the corner (3), the outer periphery of the tip (11) of the rotary cutting blade (1) is continuously brought into contact with the face material (5), and the tip (11) is in the corner. By moving the rotary cutting blade (1) obliquely upward so as to come to the part (31) to be a part, the face material (5) is disposed and the surface material such as a decorative sheet is disposed on the other surface (52). When it is a thing, it can prevent that a surface material peels in a corner | angular part (3), or a surface material remains as a burr | flash.
隅部（３）の切削後は、回転切削刃（１）を下方に移動させ、回転切削刃（１）の胴部（１２）を用いて所定の方向に切削していく。 After the corner (3) is cut, the rotary cutting blade (1) is moved downward, and cutting is performed in a predetermined direction using the body (12) of the rotary cutting blade (1).
もちろん、この出願の発明は、以上の実施形態によって限定されるものではない。回転切削刃を備えた加工装置の構成や面材の構成及び構造等の細部については様々な態様が可能であることはいうまでもない。 Of course, the invention of this application is not limited by the above embodiments. It goes without saying that various aspects are possible with respect to details such as the configuration of the processing apparatus provided with the rotary cutting blade and the configuration and structure of the face material.
１ 回転切削刃
１１ 先端
１２ 胴部
２ 軌跡
３ 隅部
３１ 隅部とする部分
４ 開口部
５ 面材
５１ 一方面
５２ 他方面
６ テーパ面
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotating cutting blade 11 Tip 12 Body 2 Trajectory 3 Corner 31 Corner part 4 Opening 5 Face material 51 One side 52 Other side 6 Tapered surface
Claims (5)
１）略円柱形状の胴部の一端に略円錐形状の先端部が連続的に形成された回転切削刃を、先端部が他方面の外側にまでくるように面材の一方面側から他方面側へと突き通す工程と、
２）回転切削刃を隅部とする部分まで移動させながら胴部により面材を切削する工程と、
３）隅部とする部分において回転切削刃を上昇させる工程と、
４）回転切削刃の先端部の外周を面材に連続的に接触させ、先端が隅部とする部分にくるように回転切削刃を斜め上方に移動させ、先が尖った回転切削刃の先端を面材の他方面と同一面上に位置させて、開口部の他方面側の隅部が角張るように切削加工する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする面材の開口部の形成方法。 A method for forming an opening of a face material for forming an opening having a corner in the face material,
1) A rotary cutting blade having a substantially conical tip continuously formed at one end of a substantially cylindrical body, and the other side from the one surface side of the face material so that the tip reaches the outside of the other surface. A process of penetrating to the side,
2) A step of cutting the face material with the trunk while moving the rotary cutting blade to the corner portion;
3) a step of raising the rotary cutting blade at the corner portion;
4) the outer periphery of the distal end portion of the rotary cutting blade surface material sequentially contacting the tip so that movement of the rotary cutting blade to come to the portion of the corner portion obliquely upward, the tip of the rotary cutting blade previously pointed the so positioned on the other side the same surface of the surface material, the method of forming the opening in the face plate, characterized in that it comprises a other side of the corners you cutting as angulate step of the opening .
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004156057A JP4169723B2 (en) | 2004-02-20 | 2004-05-26 | Method for forming opening of face material |
| CNB2005100037844A CN100352584C (en) | 2004-02-20 | 2005-01-11 | Plane material with opening and plane material opening forming method using ratary cutting blade |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004045467 | 2004-02-20 | ||
| JP2004156057A JP4169723B2 (en) | 2004-02-20 | 2004-05-26 | Method for forming opening of face material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2005262860A JP2005262860A (en) | 2005-09-29 |
| JP4169723B2 true JP4169723B2 (en) | 2008-10-22 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004156057A Expired - Lifetime JP4169723B2 (en) | 2004-02-20 | 2004-05-26 | Method for forming opening of face material |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4169723B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100352584C (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101268420B1 (en) * | 2011-02-14 | 2013-05-28 | 김현경 | Method for forming pattern of panel |
| CN107111301B (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2019-11-08 | 住友电工硬质合金株式会社 | Manufacturing method, the manufacturing device of machine part, the processing method of rotationally symmetrical surf, recording medium of machine part |
| KR102008260B1 (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2019-08-07 | 김현경 | Method for forming pattern slot of panel |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4240933C3 (en) * | 1992-12-04 | 2002-11-07 | Weissenberger Ag Rebstein | Device for producing passepartouts for pictures or documents |
| US6517298B1 (en) * | 1999-05-24 | 2003-02-11 | Gerber Scientific Products, Inc. | Method for selectively relieving sharp edges in tools used in die cutting sheet-type work material |
| JP2001047399A (en) * | 1999-05-31 | 2001-02-20 | Crystal Art:Kk | Contour processing method for printed wiring board |
-
2004
- 2004-05-26 JP JP2004156057A patent/JP4169723B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2005
- 2005-01-11 CN CNB2005100037844A patent/CN100352584C/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1657206A (en) | 2005-08-24 |
| CN100352584C (en) | 2007-12-05 |
| JP2005262860A (en) | 2005-09-29 |
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