JP4107908B2 - Corrosion-resistant cemented carbide penball - Google Patents

Corrosion-resistant cemented carbide penball Download PDF

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JP4107908B2
JP4107908B2 JP2002229014A JP2002229014A JP4107908B2 JP 4107908 B2 JP4107908 B2 JP 4107908B2 JP 2002229014 A JP2002229014 A JP 2002229014A JP 2002229014 A JP2002229014 A JP 2002229014A JP 4107908 B2 JP4107908 B2 JP 4107908B2
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Prior art keywords
cemented carbide
carbide
ball
phase
corrosion
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JP2004066633A (en
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幸三 北村
哲也 満田
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Tungaloy Corp
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Tungaloy Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は筆記用具の中でもボールペンのペン先に使用される超硬合金製ボールに適用され,特に耐食性を要する水溶性インクを用いたボールペンにおいて,長時間使用しても優れた書き味が維持される,また,機械的性質に優れた超硬合金製ペンボールに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
超硬合金製のペンボールは,主にWC−Cr32−CoもしくはWC−Cr32−Co―Niが使用されている。また特開昭54−39388号公報において超硬合金または鋼製球の表面に,周期率表の4a,5a,6a族金属の炭化物、窒化物、Al、Zr等の酸化物等の薄層を設けるボールペン用のボールが開示されている。また,水溶性インク使用時の耐食性を向上させるためにNi-Mo-Crからなる結合相をもつ超硬合金(特願2000-525594号)が開示されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ペンボールの書き味・インク切れはインクとボールとのなじみ・濡れ性,またボールの腐食と関係する。その中でボールの材質としての超硬合金の耐食性は硬質相である炭化物よりもCo,Ni等の結合相の腐食に起因する場合が多いため,結合相量に反比例して腐食量が多くなる。これは,ボールペンインクは染料に由来する有機電解質を含むため,この電解質とボールを主体とする金属材料との相互作用により,鉄族金属である結合相が腐食されることによるものである。それに伴い硬質相であるWCの一部が脱落して表面粗さが粗くなるため,インク切れを招き,筆記中の書き味が低下することが問題であった。
【0004】
この対策のひとつとして結合相量を減らすことにより耐食性は向上し,また,Cr32の添加によってWC−Co系よりも耐食性が向上するものの,近年,使用比率が増加している水溶性インクなどにはまだ十分でない問題があった。 特開昭54−39388号公報において超硬合金または鋼製球の表面に4a,5a,6a族金属の炭化物,窒化物,Al,Zr等の酸化物等の薄層を設けるボールペン用のボールが開示されている。ここでは,機械的な耐摩耗性や化学的な耐食性は向上するものの,極めて精密に研摩されたペンボールにセラミックスを被覆することで表面精度が低下し,かつコーティング工程が増えることによる製造コストの増大,ならびにインクとのなじみが低下することにより文字等がかすれるなどの問題があった。
【0005】
また,ペンボールを製造する際,高い真球度でさらに鏡面に研磨する必要がある。また,ボールペン組立時にペン先にボールを打ち込む際には,それなりに力が加わる為,それらに対して変形しないような機械的性質が必要となる。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで本発明者らは,超硬合金の耐摩耗性および強度等の機械的性質を低下させることなく,長時間の使用によってもインク切れを無くし,優れた筆記性能・書き味を維持しうる超硬合金について長年に亘って種々検討した結果本発明に至ったものである。
従来のペンボールでは,結合相の腐食により硬質相が脱落した場合,その凹部がインク粘性にくらべて大きすぎる場合にはインク切れの原因となっていた。このため硬質相粒子を0.7μm以下にする試みが為され,これにより腐食時の硬質相の脱落部が小さくなりインク切れは改善された。また,さらにWC-Co合金にCrを添加する,結合相にNiを使用するなどして耐食性の向上が試みられ,脱落自体をなくすることを検討されてきた。
【0007】
Niの添加は特に効果的で,例えばCoとNiとそれに硬質相構成物に起因する固溶元素で結合相が構成される場合,Niの比率を高くすることで耐食性は向上し,インク切れも改善される。この重量比(Ni/Co)が1.5以下のときは必要な耐食性がえられず,2.5以上では結合相プールが認められるようになり,合金組識が不均一になるため,インク切れ等が発生し易くなる。また,機械的性質も低下し,ボール研磨時,ボールペン組立時に不具合が生じ易い。このCoとNiの合計量が2重量%未満の場合にも合金組識が不均一になり易く,10重量%より大きい場合は十分な耐食性が得られない場合がある。
【0008】
CrおよびVは3〜10重量%添加することで,耐食性を著しく向上させるが,3重量%未満では十分な耐食性は得られず,10重量%より多い場合,ボールへのインクの乗りが十分でなく,書き味が低下する。また,本発明においてはWC粒子は0.05〜1.0μmの範囲内,好ましくは0.1μm以上0.7μm以下にすることで性能を発揮するが,Vを添加することでWC粒子を0.7μm以下に制御し易くなる。このときV/Cr比が0.1より大きい場合,靭性が低下して研磨・組立で不具合を生じ、0.01より小さい場合は、粒子が成長し易くなってしまう。
【0009】
また,M3W3C,M6W6C,M2W4C,M3W9C4(MはCoおよび/またはNiを示す)などの低級複合炭化物は,合金中の炭素量を少なく制御したときに生じるが,この炭化物はアルカリ溶液には耐食性が劣る代わりに,この炭化物相が存在する合金は,酸性では耐食性が優れる合金になる。また,W2Cも含めてこれらの低級複合炭化物はWCよりも硬度が低い為,研磨時にWC相との凹凸が発生しやすく,それがインクののりをよくする効果を生む。このため,このような低級複合炭化物を分散させた超硬合金をボールペン用ボールに使用することにより,特に酸性環境にてボールペンの優れた性能を提供することが可能となる。上記の低級複合炭化物例えばM3W3Cは,予め超硬合金の炭素量を低めに調整して焼結する,または,焼結後の超硬合金を脱炭性の雰囲気で熱処理するなどの方法で生成させることができる。低級複合炭化物含有量が1vol%以下のときは,前述のような効果が得られず,40vol%を超えると,機械的性質が低下し,研磨・組立時に欠け等の不具合が生じ易くなる。
低級複合炭化物は、超硬合金を平滑にした後、村上試薬などのアルカリで腐食することによってWC粒子と低級複合炭化物が識別できる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、超硬合金製造時の配合粉を極めて微粒な原料を用い,また,結合相を形成する成分をNiおよびCoを主成分として焼結することにより、WC相の平均粒径0.1μm以上1.0μm以下を実現するものであり、具体的には、平均粒子径が0.1〜0.8μmのWC粉と、Cr32、VCなどの硬質原料粉と、結合相を形成する所定の金属粉として、Co、Ni、
Co−Ni等の粉末を配合して、必要に応じて樹脂等を添加して顆粒化し、プレス成形した後、窒素、アルゴンなどの一定の雰囲気下で焼結して本発明品が得られる。結合相は、CoとNiをそれぞれ配合しても良く、一旦、合金粉を得てから原料粉としても良い。結合相にWを添加することにより耐食性が向上するものであるが、添加方法としては、各金属の炭化物として配合し、焼結工程中にCo/Ni中へ金属として固溶させる方法が、硬質相の粒成長を抑制する相乗効果も得られることから好ましい。
【0011】
焼結雰囲気の制御は超硬合金と反応しにくい成分を含む粉体中で行う手段が容易であり、再現性が高く、他の手法と比較して望ましい方法である。粉体中には、場合によっては超硬合金の炭素量を制御する成分も必要であり、炭素を含むカーボン、黒鉛などを所望の炭素量に応じて配合することで制御するものである。焼結雰囲気を制御する粉体は、雰囲気制御用粉体中に均一に分散させることは当然であるが、焼結回数、焼結温度、焼結時間、焼結体成分、および焼結炉内雰囲気などによって調整することが重要である。焼結後には、雰囲気制御用の粉体と超硬合金焼結体を比重分離や篩い分けなどによって粉体を除去した後、所望の焼結体を得るものである。
このようにして得られた焼結体をペンボールとして使用するためには研摩加工、ラップ加工により表面加工を施す。
【0012】
【実施例1】
市販のWC(0.6μm),Cr3C2(3μm),VC(3μm),Co(1.5μm),Ni(1.5μm)粉末を使用して以下の組成の超硬ボールを作製した。この合金およびボールを使用して,次の性能を評価した。まず,各合金を用いてφ0.7mmのボールを製造・研磨した後,ボールペンをそれぞれ1万本組立て,ボールペン組立時の不良のうち,硬度が十分でないために起る『変形』,および硬度が高すぎるために起る『欠け・破損』のそれぞれの割合を調べた。また,10%HCl水溶液(50℃)に浸漬したのち断面観察を行ない,結合相が腐食した深さを測定した。合金の組成および測定値を表1に、評価結果を表2に示す。
【0013】
【表1】
合金組成および測定値

Figure 0004107908
【表2】
評価結果
Figure 0004107908
【0014】
比較品はボールペン組立時の変形・欠け,または耐食性のいずれかが劣るためボールペン用ボールとして十分な性能を発揮できないが,本発明品はボールペン組立時の不具合も少なく,また,腐食試験での腐食深さも少ない。このため,製品としても非常に優れたボールペンを提供することができる。
【0015】
【実施例2】
実施例1と同様,市販のWC(0.6μm),W(0.6μm),Cr3C2(3μm),VC(3μm),Co(1.5μm),Ni(1.5μm),および炭素粉末を使用してWC-5%Cr3C2-0.1%VC-4%Ni-2%Cとなる組成で配合時の炭素量を種々に変化させ,低級複合炭化物相量を変化させた超硬合金製ペンボールを作製した。このボールを使用したボールペンの書き味テストを行なった。表2には,低級複合炭化物相量,書き味テスト結果を示す。なお,低級複合炭化物相量は,光学顕微鏡組識またはSEM組識を画像処理して測定した。書き味テストの条件は以下のとおり。
【0016】
荷重:0.22Kg
筆記速度:0.08m/sec
筆記距離:250m
筆記角度:65度
【0017】
【表3】
評価試験結果
Figure 0004107908
◎:極めて良好、○:良好、▲:不具合小、×:不具合大、××:筆記不可
【0018】
低級複合炭化物相が40%以上の場合は十分な筆記ができないが,低級複合炭化物相量を1〜40%にすることで,十分な書き味を提供することが可能になった。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明のWC基超硬合金製ペンボールは実施例でも明らかな様に、表面加工時およびボールペン組み立て時の機械的な衝撃に対するカケに強く、耐食性に優れ、かつ、優れた書き味を有することが明らかとなった。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is applied to a cemented carbide ball used for the tip of a ballpoint pen among writing utensils. Particularly, in a ballpoint pen using a water-soluble ink that requires corrosion resistance, excellent writing quality can be maintained even when used for a long time. In addition, the present invention relates to a cemented carbide penball with excellent mechanical properties.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For pen balls made of cemented carbide, WC—Cr 3 C 2 —Co or WC—Cr 3 C 2 —Co—Ni is mainly used. JP-A-54-39388 discloses a thin layer of carbide, nitride, oxide of Al, Zr, etc. on the surface of a cemented carbide or steel ball in the periodic table. A ballpoint pen for providing a ballpoint pen is disclosed. Also, a cemented carbide (Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-525594) having a binder phase composed of Ni—Mo—Cr is disclosed in order to improve the corrosion resistance when using water-soluble ink.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Pen ball writing / out of ink is related to ink / ball compatibility, wettability, and ball corrosion. Among them, the corrosion resistance of cemented carbide as the material of the ball is often caused by corrosion of the binder phase such as Co, Ni, etc. than the carbide which is the hard phase, so the amount of corrosion increases in inverse proportion to the amount of binder phase. . This is because the ball-point pen ink contains an organic electrolyte derived from a dye, and the interaction between the electrolyte and a metal material mainly composed of the ball corrodes the binder phase, which is an iron group metal. As a result, a part of the WC, which is a hard phase, drops off and the surface roughness becomes rough, leading to a problem that the ink runs out and the writing quality during writing deteriorates.
[0004]
As one of the countermeasures, the corrosion resistance is improved by reducing the amount of the binder phase, and the addition of Cr 3 C 2 improves the corrosion resistance more than the WC-Co type, but the water-based ink has been used in recent years. There was still a problem that was not enough. JP-A-54-39388 discloses a ball for a ballpoint pen in which a thin layer of carbides, nitrides, oxides of Al, Zr, etc. is provided on the surface of a cemented carbide or steel ball. It is disclosed. Here, although mechanical wear resistance and chemical corrosion resistance are improved, the surface accuracy is reduced by coating ceramics on a very precisely polished pen ball, and the manufacturing cost is increased due to the increased coating process. There has been a problem that characters and the like are faded due to an increase and a decrease in familiarity with ink.
[0005]
Also, when manufacturing penballs, it is necessary to polish them to a mirror surface with high sphericity. Further, when a ball is driven into the pen tip when assembling the ballpoint pen, a force is applied as it is, so that mechanical properties are required so as not to deform them.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, the present inventors have eliminated the ink shortage even when used for a long time without lowering the mechanical properties such as wear resistance and strength of the cemented carbide, and can maintain excellent writing performance and writing quality. As a result of various studies on hard alloys over many years, the present invention has been achieved.
In conventional penballs, when the hard phase falls off due to corrosion of the binder phase, if the recess is too large compared to the ink viscosity, it causes ink shortage. For this reason, an attempt was made to reduce the hard phase particles to 0.7 μm or less, thereby reducing the dropout portion of the hard phase during corrosion and improving ink shortage. Furthermore, attempts have been made to improve corrosion resistance by adding Cr to the WC-Co alloy and using Ni for the binder phase, and studies have been made to eliminate the dropout itself.
[0007]
The addition of Ni is particularly effective. For example, when the bonded phase is composed of Co, Ni, and solid solution elements derived from hard phase components, increasing the Ni ratio improves corrosion resistance and reduces ink shortage. Improved. When this weight ratio (Ni / Co) is 1.5 or less, the required corrosion resistance cannot be obtained. When the weight ratio (Ni / Co) is 2.5 or more, a binder phase pool is recognized and the alloy structure becomes non-uniform, resulting in out of ink. It becomes easy to do. In addition, mechanical properties also deteriorate, and problems are likely to occur during ball polishing and ballpoint pen assembly. Even when the total amount of Co and Ni is less than 2% by weight, the alloy structure tends to be uneven, and when it is more than 10% by weight, sufficient corrosion resistance may not be obtained.
[0008]
When Cr and V are added in an amount of 3 to 10% by weight, the corrosion resistance is remarkably improved. However, if the amount is less than 3% by weight, sufficient corrosion resistance cannot be obtained. There is no writing quality. In the present invention, the WC particles exhibit performance by being in the range of 0.05 to 1.0 μm, preferably 0.1 μm or more and 0.7 μm or less. However, by adding V, the WC particles are controlled to 0.7 μm or less. It becomes easy. At this time, if the V / Cr ratio is greater than 0.1, the toughness is reduced, causing problems in polishing and assembling, and if it is less than 0.01, the particles are likely to grow.
[0009]
In addition, lower composite carbides such as M 3 W 3 C, M 6 W 6 C, M 2 W 4 C, and M 3 W 9 C 4 (M represents Co and / or Ni) can reduce the amount of carbon in the alloy. Although it occurs when the amount is controlled, the carbide is inferior in corrosion resistance to an alkaline solution, and an alloy in which the carbide phase is present becomes an alloy having excellent corrosion resistance in an acidic state. In addition, since these lower composite carbides including W 2 C are lower in hardness than WC, unevenness with the WC phase is likely to occur during polishing, which has the effect of improving ink paste. For this reason, it becomes possible to provide the superior performance of a ball-point pen especially in an acidic environment by using a cemented carbide in which such a lower composite carbide is dispersed for a ball-point ball. The above-mentioned lower composite carbides such as M 3 W 3 C are preliminarily sintered with the carbon content of the cemented carbide adjusted to be low, or the sintered cemented carbide is heat treated in a decarburizing atmosphere. Can be generated by the method. When the content of the lower composite carbide is 1 vol% or less, the above-described effects cannot be obtained. When the content of the lower composite carbide exceeds 40 vol%, the mechanical properties are deteriorated and defects such as chipping are easily caused during polishing and assembly.
The lower composite carbide can be distinguished from the lower composite carbide by smoothing the cemented carbide and then corroding with an alkali such as Murakami reagent.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention uses an extremely fine raw material as a blended powder during the manufacture of cemented carbide, and sinters with Ni and Co as the main components for forming the binder phase, thereby allowing the average particle size of the WC phase to be 0.1 μm. More specifically, 1.0 μm or less is achieved. Specifically, a WC powder having an average particle size of 0.1 to 0.8 μm, a hard raw material powder such as Cr 3 C 2 , VC, and a predetermined metal that forms a binder phase As powder, Co, Ni,
A powder of Co—Ni or the like is blended, and if necessary, a resin or the like is added, granulated, press-molded, and then sintered in a certain atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon to obtain the product of the present invention. The binder phase may be blended with Co and Ni, respectively, or may be used as a raw material powder once alloy powder is obtained. Corrosion resistance is improved by adding W to the binder phase, but as a method of addition, a method of compounding as a carbide of each metal and solid-dissolving as a metal in Co / Ni during the sintering process is hard. A synergistic effect of suppressing phase grain growth is also obtained, which is preferable.
[0011]
Control of the sintering atmosphere is a desirable method as compared with other methods because it can be easily performed in a powder containing a component that does not easily react with the cemented carbide and has high reproducibility. In the powder, a component for controlling the carbon amount of the cemented carbide is also necessary depending on the case, and is controlled by blending carbon containing carbon, graphite or the like according to a desired carbon amount. Naturally, the powder for controlling the sintering atmosphere should be uniformly dispersed in the powder for controlling the atmosphere, but the number of sinterings, the sintering temperature, the sintering time, the sintered body components, and the sintering furnace It is important to adjust according to the atmosphere. After sintering, the powder for atmosphere control and the cemented carbide sintered body are removed by specific gravity separation, sieving or the like to obtain a desired sintered body.
In order to use the sintered body thus obtained as a pen ball, surface processing is performed by polishing or lapping.
[0012]
[Example 1]
Using commercially available WC (0.6 μm), Cr 3 C 2 (3 μm), VC (3 μm), Co (1.5 μm), and Ni (1.5 μm) powders, carbide balls having the following composition were prepared. The following performance was evaluated using this alloy and ball. First, after manufacturing and polishing a φ0.7mm ball using each alloy, 10,000 ballpoint pens were assembled. Among the defects during ballpoint pen assembly, “deformation” caused by insufficient hardness and hardness We investigated the percentage of “chips / breakage” that occurred because they were too high. Further, after immersing in a 10% HCl aqueous solution (50 ° C.), cross-sectional observation was performed, and the depth at which the binder phase was corroded was measured. The composition and measured values of the alloy are shown in Table 1, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
[0013]
[Table 1]
Alloy composition and measured values
Figure 0004107908
[Table 2]
Evaluation results
Figure 0004107908
[0014]
The comparative product is inferior in deformation, chipping, or corrosion resistance at the time of assembling the ballpoint pen, so that it cannot exhibit sufficient performance as a ballpoint pen ball. Less depth. For this reason, it is possible to provide a very good ballpoint pen as a product.
[0015]
[Example 2]
As in Example 1, commercially available WC (0.6 μm), W (0.6 μm), Cr 3 C 2 (3 μm), VC (3 μm), Co (1.5 μm), Ni (1.5 μm), and WC using carbon powder. Cemented carbide penballs with a composition of -5% Cr3C2-0.1% VC-4% Ni-2% C and various amounts of carbon at the time of blending were prepared to change the amount of lower composite carbide phase. A writing test of a ballpoint pen using this ball was conducted. Table 2 shows the amount of the lower composite carbide phase and the writing test result. The amount of the lower composite carbide phase was measured by image processing of an optical microscope organization or SEM organization. The writing test conditions are as follows.
[0016]
Load: 0.22Kg
Writing speed: 0.08m / sec
Writing distance: 250m
Writing angle: 65 degrees [0017]
[Table 3]
Evaluation test results
Figure 0004107908
◎: Extremely good, ○: Good, ▲: Small defect, ×: Large defect, XX: Not writable [0018]
When the lower composite carbide phase is 40% or more, sufficient writing cannot be performed, but by making the amount of the lower composite carbide phase 1 to 40%, it becomes possible to provide sufficient writing taste.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
The WC-based cemented carbide penball of the present invention, as is clear from the examples, is resistant to mechanical shock during surface processing and ballpoint pen assembly, has excellent corrosion resistance, and has excellent writing quality. Became clear.

Claims (3)

NiおよびCoを2〜10重量%含有し、NiとCoの重量比が1.5≦Ni/Co≦2.5であって,CrおよびVを3〜10重量%含有し、かつ、CrとVの重量比が0.01≦V/Cr≦0.1であることを特徴とするWC基超硬合金製ペンボール。Ni and Co are contained in 2 to 10% by weight, the weight ratio of Ni and Co is 1.5 ≦ Ni / Co ≦ 2.5, Cr and V are contained in 3 to 10% by weight, and the weight ratio of Cr and V Is a pen ball made of WC-base cemented carbide, characterized in that 0.01 ≦ V / Cr ≦ 0.1. WC粒子の90%以上が0.05μm以上1.0μm以下の粒子径であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のWC基超硬合金製ペンボール。2. A pen ball made of a WC-based cemented carbide according to claim 1, wherein 90% or more of the WC particles have a particle size of 0.05 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less. W,Ni,Coのうち1種類以上を含有する低級複合炭化物を1〜40vol%含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2いずれか記載の超硬合金製ペンボール。3. The cemented carbide penball according to claim 1, comprising 1 to 40 vol% of lower composite carbide containing at least one of W, Ni, and Co. 4.
JP2002229014A 2002-08-06 2002-08-06 Corrosion-resistant cemented carbide penball Expired - Fee Related JP4107908B2 (en)

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102423979A (en) * 2011-08-25 2012-04-25 张勇 Hard alloy ball bead for gel pen and production method thereof

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JP6182848B2 (en) * 2012-10-30 2017-08-23 ぺんてる株式会社 Ball for ballpoint pen
JP6186749B2 (en) * 2013-02-28 2017-08-30 ぺんてる株式会社 Ball for ballpoint pen

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102423979A (en) * 2011-08-25 2012-04-25 张勇 Hard alloy ball bead for gel pen and production method thereof

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