JP4094746B2 - Coated hard tool - Google Patents

Coated hard tool Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4094746B2
JP4094746B2 JP28236398A JP28236398A JP4094746B2 JP 4094746 B2 JP4094746 B2 JP 4094746B2 JP 28236398 A JP28236398 A JP 28236398A JP 28236398 A JP28236398 A JP 28236398A JP 4094746 B2 JP4094746 B2 JP 4094746B2
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Prior art keywords
film
cutting
coated
hard
thickness
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JP2000107906A (en
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裕介 井寄
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Moldino Tool Engineering Ltd
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Hitachi Tool Engineering Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本願発明は、特に密着性および潤滑性に優れた硬質皮膜を有する被覆硬質工具に関するもので、各種切削工具、型、治工具、機械構成部品など厳しい摩擦摩耗を受ける部材に適用し性能向上が得られるものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
工具の耐摩耗皮膜としてはTiN、TiCNなどの皮膜が汎用的かつ一般的であったが、使用条件の厳しさが増すにつれ耐摩耗性、耐酸化性のより優れた(TiAl)N皮膜が多く用いられるようになった。
しかしながら、最近は切削速度がさらに高速化する傾向に加え、乾式での切削が環境上重要視されるようになり、工具表面と被切削材の間の摩擦の低下、自己潤滑性向上および皮膜の剥離に対する抵抗、すなわち皮膜の基体に対する密着性の向上が極めて重要となってきた。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明者らの研究によれば、現用のTiAlN皮膜においては鋼との摩擦係数が0.4程度とかなり大きく切削中の発熱が大きいため、切削の高速化、乾式化に限界があることが確認された。従って、皮膜の潤滑性を向上させ、切削による熱の発生を軽減させることが切削の高速化、乾式化を可能にする不可欠な技術であると考えられる。また、工具の耐摩耗性を上げ、工具寿命を増大させるには硬質皮膜の厚さを増大することが最も好ましいが、皮膜厚さの増大は皮膜と基体の界面に大きな残留応力を発生し、皮膜の剥離をもたらす。それ故、硬質皮膜と基体の間に密着性が良く、かつ残留応力を吸収する緩衝膜をつけると性能が一層向上すると考えられる。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
従って、本願発明は、皮膜の密着性を改善し、皮膜自身の耐剥離性をより安定させることにより性能向上を計るものであり、TiとAlを主成分とする窒化物、炭窒化物もしくは炭酸窒化物からなる硬質皮膜を被覆した被覆硬質合金において、前記硬質皮膜と被覆基体の間に内層としてTiN膜とV(CN)又は(TiV)(CN)膜、さらに、前記硬質皮膜の外層にV(CN)膜を被覆したことを特徴とする被覆硬質工具である。本構成を採用することにより、皮膜に発生する大きな圧縮残留応力を緩和する内層を設け、基体と接する内層には基体との密着性の良いTiN系を薄く被覆し、その上に皮膜の内部応力を緩和する、やや軟質の炭窒化物層を被覆するものである。また、切削の高速化、乾式化に対応するには皮膜自体の潤滑性を増し、刃先温度の上昇を抑えることが有効である。
【0005】
【作用】
TiNの硬さはHV2200以上と硬いため、皮膜の応力緩和の機能があり、更にV(CN)あるいは(TiV)(CN)が適度の硬さをもち応力緩和の働きを持つとともに、TiNや(TiAl)N、(TiAlV)(CN)に対し密着性が良いことを見出した。刃先の耐摩耗性、耐熱性に対しては、現在多く用いられている(TiAl)N、(TiAl)(CN)あるいは潤滑性を加味した(TiAlV)(CN)を用いる。
次に、外層には潤滑性の優れたV(CN)を被覆する。外層の皮膜に含まれるVは切削中に酸化してこれが低融点の酸化物層を形成し、潤滑効果を与えるとともに被削材の溶着を防ぎ硬質皮膜を保護するからである。
【0006】
次に、本発明に係わる数値の限定理由について述べる。
基体と接する層のTiNは、基体との密着性を主目的とするものであるから、厚さは薄くても良く0.1〜5μmあれば十分であるが、2μm以下の方が好ましい。
内層に用いるV(CN)あるいは(TiV)(CN)については、適当な厚さがある。好ましくは0.1〜3μmである。0.1μm以下では応力緩和層としての機能が十分でなく、3μm以上では切削条件によっては塑性流動を起こし皮膜が取り去られることがあるためである。尚、(CN)中のCとNの比は、外層の厚さ、切削条件により適宜調整するものとする。C/Nの値が大きくなるほど硬くなり応力緩和の機能が減少する。同様に(TiV)(CN)におけるTi/Vの値が大きいほど硬くなる。(TiV)(CN)を(Ti)(C)と表した場合、x=0.2〜1.0、y=0.3〜1.0程度が良い。
【0007】
TiとAlを主成分とする窒化物、炭窒化物もしくは炭酸窒化物からなる硬質皮膜層の膜厚は、耐摩耗性を与えるためなるべく厚いほうが望ましい。0.5μm以下では耐摩耗性が不足であり、上限の5μmは皮膜全体の厚さを15μmとしたケースで、内、硬質皮膜層の上限の厚さを考慮し5μmとした。
外層のV(CN)は潤滑性を与えるためのものである。0.1μm以下ではその効果が十分でなく、2μm以上はその効果が増大しないので上限を2μmとした。V(CN)をV(C)と表せば、z=0〜0.5が好ましい。(CN)中、N量の多いほど潤滑性は良い。
【0008】
本発明の構成において、皮膜の耐摩耗性、耐剥離性を十分発揮するためには、皮膜の硬さは次の順になることが必要である。
硬質皮膜層{TiAl(CN)、TiAlV(CN)}>内層{TiN、TiV(CN)}>層{V(CN)}
以下、実施例について本発明を説明する。
【0009】
【実施例】
小型アークイオンプレーティング装置を用い表1に示す条件で本発明例、比較例のコーティングを行い被覆超硬エンドミルを試作した。皮膜の組成はTi−Al合金ターゲットおよびTi−Vターゲットならびに純Ti、純Vターゲットを用いて調整した。
【0010】
【表1】

Figure 0004094746
【0011】
試作したエンドミルを用い以下の切削条件で切削試験を行い、折損するまで切削を行った。折損が発生した時点の切削長は表1に併記した。切削諸元は、エンドミル(φ8mm、6枚刃)を用いて、被削材SKD11(硬さHRC60)、切削速度150m/min、送り量0.06mm/刃、切り込み量12mm×0.2mm、切削油なし、にて行った。
【0012】
表1より、外層にV(CN)を被覆したものは、切削時の刃先温度が630〜650℃と低く切削長も約50mと極めて良好な結果を示している。皮膜の内部応力緩和層である内層のV(CN)が無い場合、刃先温度への影響は少ないが切削長はやや低下する。特に試料番号の例のように層の厚さが厚い場合、膜剥離により切削長を著しく短くする。
【0013】
本発明の有効性をドリルで実証するために、前記例と同じ製法により超硬合金製ドリルを製作し切削性能を比較した。ドリルの切削諸元は刃径φ8mmのドリルを用い、深さ24mmの穴明け加工を被削材SCM440、切削速度80m/min、送り量0.2mm/rev、水溶性切削油を用いて行った。切削性能は折損までの穴明け数によって比較した。
試験結果を表2に示す。
【0014】
【表2】
Figure 0004094746
【0015】
表2より、外層にV(CN)膜を被覆することにより工具寿命が増大することを示している。また、硬質皮膜層にVを含む(TiAlV)(CN)層を用いれば比較的寿命低下が少ないことが分かる。これは外層にVを含む化合物層があると切削時に低融点のV酸化物が生成し、その潤滑効果によって刃先温度が減少し、結果としてドリル寿命が延長したものと考えられる。外層のV(CN)あるいは(TiV)(CN)が無い場合は、有る場合と較べて相対的に寿命が低下している。特に外層にV(CN)を被覆していない場合や試料番号22のごとく外層にV(CN)を付けず、かつ硬質皮膜層がVを含まないTiAlNであるときはその低下が大きい。
比較例の試料番号18の硬質皮膜層の厚さを10μmと大きくした場合であるが、ドリル寿命が大きく低下している。寿命後の刃先を観察すると、皮膜の剥離により刃先が局部的に大きくえぐられており、切削不能に陥ったことが分かった。内層の応力緩和層の存在は刃先の摩耗に対し直接的な影響は無いが、皮膜の局部的な剥離を抑制している。
【0016】
【発明の効果】
本発明を適用することにより、皮膜内部応力の緩和による皮膜の耐剥離性の向上、皮膜の潤滑効果による切削中の刃先温度の低下の相乗効果の結果、苛酷な切削条件に耐える優れた切削工具とすることがてき、本発明は超硬合金工具のみならず、高速度工具鋼やTiCN基サーメットなどの被覆硬質工具に適用出来る。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a coated hard tool having a hard coating particularly excellent in adhesion and lubricity, and is applied to members that undergo severe frictional wear such as various cutting tools, molds, jigs, and machine components, resulting in improved performance. It is what
[0002]
[Prior art]
As the wear-resistant film of the tool, a film such as TiN or TiCN was general and general, but as the severity of use conditions increased, there were many (TiAl) N films with better wear resistance and oxidation resistance. It came to be used.
However, in recent years, in addition to the trend of higher cutting speeds, dry cutting has become more important in the environment, reducing friction between the tool surface and the work material, improving self-lubrication, It has become extremely important to improve the resistance to peeling, that is, the adhesion of the film to the substrate.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
According to the research by the present inventors, the current TiAlN coating has a friction coefficient with steel of about 0.4, and the heat generation during cutting is large, so that there is a limit to speeding up and drying. confirmed. Therefore, improving the lubricity of the coating and reducing the generation of heat due to cutting is considered to be an indispensable technique that enables high-speed cutting and dry cutting. In order to increase the wear resistance of the tool and increase the tool life, it is most preferable to increase the thickness of the hard coating, but the increase in the coating thickness generates a large residual stress at the interface between the coating and the substrate, It causes peeling of the film. Therefore, it is considered that the performance is further improved by providing a buffer film that has good adhesion between the hard film and the substrate and absorbs residual stress.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Accordingly, the present invention is intended to improve performance by improving the adhesion of the film and further stabilizing the peel resistance of the film itself, and is a nitride, carbonitride or carbonic acid mainly composed of Ti and Al. In a coated hard alloy coated with a hard film made of nitride, a TiN film and a V (CN) or (TiV) (CN) film as an inner layer between the hard film and the coated substrate, and further, an outer layer of the hard film has a V (CN) A coated hard tool characterized by coating a film. By adopting this configuration, an inner layer that relieves large compressive residual stress generated in the film is provided, and the inner layer in contact with the substrate is thinly coated with a TiN system having good adhesion to the substrate, and the internal stress of the film is formed thereon. It is intended to cover a slightly soft carbonitride layer. Further, in order to cope with high speed cutting and dry cutting, it is effective to increase the lubricity of the coating itself and suppress the rise of the cutting edge temperature.
[0005]
[Action]
Since the hardness of TiN is as hard as HV2200 or more, it has a function of stress relaxation of the film. Furthermore, V (CN) or (TiV) (CN) has an appropriate hardness and has a function of stress relaxation, and TiN and ( It has been found that the adhesion to TiAl) N and (TiAlV) (CN) is good. For the wear resistance and heat resistance of the cutting edge, (TiAl) N, (TiAl) (CN), or (TiAlV) (CN), which incorporates lubricity, is used.
Next, the outer layer is coated with V (CN) having excellent lubricity. This is because V contained in the outer layer film is oxidized during cutting to form an oxide layer having a low melting point, which gives a lubricating effect and prevents the welding of the work material and protects the hard film.
[0006]
Next, the reason for limiting the numerical values according to the present invention will be described.
TiN inner layer in contact with the substrate, since it is intended that the adhesion between the substrate and the main purpose, but the thickness is sufficient thin but good 0.1 to 5 [mu] m, it is preferable to 2μm or less.
V (CN) or (TiV) (CN) used for the inner layer has an appropriate thickness. Preferably it is 0.1-3 micrometers. If the thickness is 0.1 μm or less, the function as a stress relaxation layer is not sufficient, and if it is 3 μm or more, depending on the cutting conditions, plastic flow may occur and the film may be removed. The ratio of C to N in (CN) is adjusted as appropriate according to the thickness of the outer layer and cutting conditions. The larger the value of C / N, the harder it becomes and the stress relaxation function decreases. Similarly, the larger the value of Ti / V in (TiV) (CN), the harder it becomes. The (TiV) (CN) (Ti 1 - x V x) - when expressed (C 1 y N y) and, x = 0.2 to 1.0, about y = 0.3 to 1.0 is better .
[0007]
The thickness of the hard coating layer made of nitride, carbonitride or carbonitride containing Ti and Al as main components is preferably as thick as possible in order to provide wear resistance. When the thickness is 0.5 μm or less, the wear resistance is insufficient, and the upper limit of 5 μm is a case where the thickness of the entire coating is 15 μm, and the upper limit of the thickness of the hard coating layer is considered to be 5 μm.
V (CN) of the outer layer is for imparting lubricity. The effect is not sufficient at 0.1 μm or less, and the effect is not increased at 2 μm or more, so the upper limit was set to 2 μm. V a (CN) V (C z N 1 - z) if indicated and, z = 0 to 0.5 are preferred. In (CN), the greater the amount of N, the better the lubricity.
[0008]
In the configuration of the present invention, the hardness of the film needs to be in the following order in order to sufficiently exhibit the wear resistance and peel resistance of the film.
Hard coating layer {TiAl (CN), TiAlV ( CN)}> inner {TiN, TiV (CN)} > outer layer {V (CN)}
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples.
[0009]
【Example】
Using a small arc ion plating apparatus, the coated examples of the present invention and comparative examples were coated under the conditions shown in Table 1 to produce a coated carbide end mill. The composition of the film was adjusted using a Ti—Al alloy target, a Ti—V target, pure Ti, and a pure V target.
[0010]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004094746
[0011]
Using a prototype end mill, a cutting test was performed under the following cutting conditions, and cutting was performed until breakage occurred. Table 1 shows the cutting length at the time when breakage occurred. Cutting specifications are using an end mill (φ8 mm, 6 blades), work material SKD11 (hardness HRC60), cutting speed 150 m / min, feed amount 0.06 mm / blade, cutting depth 12 mm × 0.2 mm, cutting No oil was used.
[0012]
Table 1 shows that the outer layer coated with V (CN) has a very low cutting edge temperature of 630 to 650 ° C. and a cutting length of about 50 m. When there is no V (CN) of the inner layer which is the internal stress relaxation layer of the film, the cutting length is slightly reduced although the influence on the blade edge temperature is small. In particular, when the layer is thick as in the example of sample number 9, the cutting length is remarkably shortened by film peeling.
[0013]
In order to verify the effectiveness of the present invention with a drill, a cemented carbide drill was manufactured by the same manufacturing method as the above example, and the cutting performance was compared. The drill was cut using a drill with a blade diameter of φ8 mm, and drilling with a depth of 24 mm was performed using a work material SCM440, a cutting speed of 80 m / min, a feed rate of 0.2 mm / rev, and a water-soluble cutting oil. . Cutting performance was compared by the number of holes until breakage.
The test results are shown in Table 2 .
[0014]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004094746
[0015]
Table 2 shows that the tool life is increased by coating the outer layer with a V (CN) film. Further, it can be seen that if a (TiAlV) (CN) layer containing V is used for the hard coating layer, the life reduction is relatively small. This is considered to be because when a compound layer containing V is present in the outer layer, a low melting point V oxide is generated during cutting, and the cutting edge temperature is reduced by the lubricating effect, resulting in an extended drill life. When there is no V (CN) or (TiV) (CN) in the outer layer, the lifetime is relatively reduced as compared with the case where it exists. In particular, when V (CN) is not coated on the outer layer, or when V (CN) is not attached to the outer layer as in sample number 22 and the hard coating layer is TiAlN containing no V, the decrease is large.
Although it is a case where the thickness of the hard film layer of the sample number 18 of a comparative example is enlarged with 10 micrometers, the drill lifetime has fallen significantly. When observing the blade edge after the end of its life, it was found that the edge of the blade was locally removed due to peeling of the film, resulting in inability to cut. The presence of the inner stress relaxation layer has no direct influence on the wear of the cutting edge, but suppresses local peeling of the coating.
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
By applying the present invention, an excellent cutting tool that can withstand severe cutting conditions as a result of the synergistic effect of improving the peeling resistance of the film due to the relaxation of the internal stress of the film and the reduction of the cutting edge temperature during cutting due to the lubricating effect of the film Therefore, the present invention can be applied not only to cemented carbide tools but also to coated hard tools such as high-speed tool steel and TiCN-based cermet.

Claims (4)

TiとAlを主成分とする窒化物、炭窒化物もしくは炭酸窒化物からなる硬質皮膜を被覆した被覆硬質合金において、前記硬質皮膜と被覆基体の間に内層としてTiN膜とV(CN)又は(TiV)(CN)膜、さらに、前記硬質皮膜の外層にV(CN)膜を被覆したことを特徴とする被覆硬質工具。In a coated hard alloy coated with a hard film composed of nitride, carbonitride or carbonitride mainly composed of Ti and Al, a TiN film and V (CN) or ( A coated hard tool characterized in that a Ti ( V) (CN) film and a V (CN) film are coated on the outer layer of the hard film. 請求項1記載の被覆硬質工具において、前記硬質皮膜の厚さが0.5乃至5μm、前記内層の厚さが0.1乃至5μm、前記外層の厚さが0.1乃至3μmであることを特徴とする被覆硬質工具。2. The coated hard tool according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the hard coating is 0.5 to 5 μm, the thickness of the inner layer is 0.1 to 5 μm, and the thickness of the outer layer is 0.1 to 3 μm. Characterized coated hard tool. 請求項1又は2記載の被覆硬質工具において、前記硬質皮膜の主成分の一部をVに置換し(TiAlV)(CN)としたことを特徴とする被覆硬質工具。The coated hard tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a part of a main component of the hard coating is replaced with V to form (TiAlV) (CN) . 請求項1乃至3いずれかに記載の被覆硬質工具において、前記外層のV(CN)膜の厚さが0.1乃至2μmであることを特徴とする被覆硬質工具。The coated hard tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein a thickness of the V (CN) film of the outer layer is 0.1 to 2 µm.
JP28236398A 1998-10-05 1998-10-05 Coated hard tool Expired - Fee Related JP4094746B2 (en)

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JP4900874B2 (en) * 2007-02-06 2012-03-21 三菱マテリアル株式会社 Surface coated cutting tool with excellent chipping resistance with hard coating layer in heavy cutting of difficult-to-cut materials
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