JP4082989B2 - Method for producing γ-aminobutyric acid-rich germinated brown rice and food containing the germinated brown rice - Google Patents
Method for producing γ-aminobutyric acid-rich germinated brown rice and food containing the germinated brown rice Download PDFInfo
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- JP4082989B2 JP4082989B2 JP2002332349A JP2002332349A JP4082989B2 JP 4082989 B2 JP4082989 B2 JP 4082989B2 JP 2002332349 A JP2002332349 A JP 2002332349A JP 2002332349 A JP2002332349 A JP 2002332349A JP 4082989 B2 JP4082989 B2 JP 4082989B2
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- Prior art keywords
- brown rice
- germinated brown
- water
- aminobutyric acid
- gaba
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、発芽玄米の製法、浸漬方法、発芽におけるγ−アミノ酪酸の富化方法および、該γ−アミノ酪酸富化発芽玄米を含有する食品組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
玄米に吸水させ発芽可能な状態にすることで得られる発芽玄米は、発芽中のグルタミン酸脱炭酸酵素の作用により、γ−アミノ酪酸(以下、GABAと称す)が富化することをはじめ、栄養成分が通常の玄米よりも強化されることが知られている。
【0003】
発芽玄米の製造は通常、20〜50℃以下の温水に浸漬することにより行なわれるが、浸漬水中へGABAが流失してしまうため効率が悪い。また、3〜5時間浸漬を行ない、その後高湿度下にて発芽させる方法も提案されている(特許文献1参照)。この方法では、GABAの流失は、少ないため比較的効率は良いが、3〜5時間という浸漬時間にもGABAは流失すると共に、GABAの富化量は満足できるものではない。
【0004】
GABAは、更年期障害および初老期精神障害に対し、約26mg/日で改善の報告がある。(非特許文献1参照)これらを一食分の玄米で摂取しようとすると、20〜30mg/100g以上のGABA含量が必要である。この量のGABAを確保しようとすれば通常の発芽方法では、発芽時間は約12時間以上が必要であった。しかし、生の玄米には、約103〜106の菌が存在し、水による洗浄を行なうことにより、微生物は減少するが、玄米が発芽しうる水分量で玄米を放置すると、洗浄にて減少した一般生菌数が元の玄米以上にまで増殖してしまう。
【0005】
従来の技術では、微生物繁殖の問題を解決するために、オゾン(特許文献2参照)、紫外線(特許文献3参照)、電解水(特許文献4参照)、焼成カルシウム(特許文献5参照)、トルマリン(特許文献6参照)等の方法が提案されている。しかしいずれもコストが高かったり、薬品残りが懸念されたり、十分な静菌効果が得られなかったりする問題点がある。また流水中で発芽させる方法(特許文献7参照)も微生物の繁殖は制御できても、GABAが流失してしまうため効率が悪い。
【0006】
また、発芽中は、殺菌剤を使用せず、繁殖してしまった微生物を発芽後に殺菌する方法(特許文献8および特許文献9参照)も提案されているが、殺菌しても微生物増殖中に発生した毒素や臭気は、分解されず残存するため、食品としては、好ましくない。また、蒸気または、熱水中に発芽玄米をさらすことによりせっかく増えたGABAや栄養成分が流失してしまうなどの問題がある。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−352916号公報
【非特許文献1】
日本食品科学工学会誌,vol.47,No.8,596〜603
【特許文献2】
特開平11−4661号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平10−215800号公報
【特許文献4】
特開2001−333713号公報
【特許文献5】
特開2001−321100号公報
【特許文献6】
特開平11−192020号公報
【特許文献7】
特開2000−93097号公報
【特許文献8】
特開2000−217520号公報
【特許文献9】
特開2001−352917号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明では雑菌の繁殖を起こさせず、GABAやその他の栄養成分の水中への流失を防ぎ、迅速かつ、高濃度にGABAを含んだ発芽玄米を得ることができる方法を提案するものである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
発明者らは上記の課題を解決するために鋭意検討したところ、玄米を洗浄し、それを35〜45℃の温水に30分〜2時間浸漬し、水切り後、35〜45℃で1〜8時間で保持し、その間浸出するドリップ(浸出水)を回収し玄米に還流することにより、微生物が繁殖しない程度の短時間にGABAの強化を効率的に行なう事ができることを見出し、本発明の完成に至った。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明で用いる玄米は、特に品種を限定するものでないが、巨大胚芽米、コシヒカリ、アキタコマチ、ササニシキ、日本晴れ、きらら397、ホシノユメなどの玄米が好ましい。玄米は、新しいほどGABAの強化効率がよく、特に1年以内に採取された玄米、あるいは低温保管された玄米が好ましい。
【0011】
本発明の製造方法は、吸水させるために洗浄した玄米を30〜45℃の温水に、30分〜2時間、好ましくは30分から1時間浸漬させる。浸漬を終了後排水して、玄米の温度を35〜45℃に維持しながら1〜8時間放置しGABAの富化させる。微生物の繁殖させないためには、3〜5時間が好ましい。
【0012】
発芽中、玄米間および玄米中から徐々に自然浸出したドリップを回収し発芽中の玄米の上から還流して、玄米にドリップの吸収を促す。ドリップの還流は乾燥を防ぐために新しく水を散水するのとは違い、GABAの流失を起こすことなく上部の玄米の乾燥を防ぐ効果もある。ドリップの回収と循環は、ポンプにより常時行なっても、一度クッションタンクなどに回収し、それを噴霧器やポンプなどで再度玄米にかける形を取ってもよい。また、この還流の操作は、玄米のドリップが排水されない容器を用い、玄米自体を撹拌することによって行なってもよい。玄米の攪拌は、撹拌機を用いても、容器自体を回転させて行なってもかまわない。
【0013】
本発明の製造方法で得られた発芽玄米は、通常の発芽玄米に比べ、タンパク、アミノ酸、オリゴ糖のような低分子炭水化物類、ビタミン類や有機酸類などがより多く含まれており、また旨味がある。さらに、胚乳部分の弾力を残したままの発芽玄米を得ることができるので優れた食感がある。本発明の製造方法で得られた発芽玄米は、そのまま、又は、温風により乾燥したものを通常の玄米と同様に炊飯や粥状に調理して供することができる。また、この発芽玄米を中間製品として用い、レトルトパウチ、トレー、缶詰等に入れ加熱加工し、米飯加工食品として利用することもできる。
【0014】
【実施例】
以下、試験例、実施例により本発明の詳しく説明するが、これらの実施例に限られるものではない。
【0015】
GABA富化量
試験方法
1.コシヒカリ玄米500gを2つ計量。
2.40℃の温水にてそれぞれ、玄米を洗浄した。
3.それぞれに500gの温水(40℃)を加え、浸漬を1時間行なった。
4.一方は、水切りし、40℃を保持したまま、その間浸出するドリップ(浸出水)を回収し玄米に還流することにより発芽させGABAの富化を行なった。(本発明)
もう一方は、水切りをせず、浸漬状態のまま40℃を維持し発芽を行なった。(従来法)
5.それぞれの発芽方法から1時間、5時間、9時間とサンプルを採取しGABAの測定を行なった。GABA測定には、HPLCにて分離後、OPA法を用いて吸光度により検出を行なった。
カラム:ODS capcell pak C18 MG4.6×150
移動相:10mMオクタンスルホン酸ナトリウム、20mMリン酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH4.5)
流量:1.5ml/min
カラム温度:55℃
検出:OPAポストカラム誘導体化法
【0016】
【表1】
表1から、本法は、従来法に比べ、短時間の発芽時間でも十分にGABAを富化することがわかる。
【0017】
嗜好性評価
(レトルトパウチ入り発芽玄米ご飯処方)
原料 重量(%)
発芽玄米 40.0
濃縮コンブエキス 0.7
水 59.3
合計 100.0
発芽玄米ご飯を水に2時間浸漬水切り後、濃縮コンブエキスと水を加え、レトルトパウチに充填した。これをレトルト加工した(123℃、20分、熱水レトルト、使用機器:RK-3030小型レトルト高圧蒸気殺菌器―アルプ(株)製)。なお、評価には▲1▼本発明による発芽玄米と▲2▼24時間、40℃温水中浸漬発芽した発芽玄米(従来品)を上記の処方により調製した。評価は、15人のパネラーにより行なった。
【0018】
【表2】
全体的に、本発明による発芽玄米ご飯の評価が高かった。特に香りにおいては、明らかに、本発明の発芽玄米ご飯が好まれる傾向が見られた。これは、従来法における発芽は、微生物の発生が起こり、人の嗅覚には、好まれない臭気を与えてしまったためと考えられる。食感についても、本発明による発芽方法の方が発芽玄米特有の粘り気のなさが起こりにくいため好まれる結果となったと思われる。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明の方法を使用することで、高濃度のGABAを含む玄米を短時間に製造することができる。GABAの強化が短時間で終了するため、微生物の繁殖が起こらず。玄米本来の香味を維持した安全性の高い発芽玄米を作成することができる。また、発芽玄米の長期保存には、水分を15%以下にすることが必要だが本発明の方法では、玄米の吸水量が少ないことと、玄米に付着する水分が少ないため、乾燥時間が短縮され効率よく長期保存可能な発芽玄米を作成することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing germinated brown rice, a dipping method, a method for enriching γ-aminobutyric acid in germination, and a food composition containing the germinated brown rice enriched in γ-aminobutyric acid.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Germinated brown rice obtained by absorbing water into brown rice and making it germinable is enriched with γ-aminobutyric acid (hereinafter referred to as GABA) due to the action of glutamate decarboxylase during germination. Is known to be stronger than normal brown rice.
[0003]
Germinated brown rice is usually produced by immersing it in warm water of 20 to 50 ° C. or less, but the efficiency is poor because GABA is washed away in the immersion water. Moreover, the method of immersing for 3 to 5 hours, and making it germinate under high humidity after that is also proposed (refer patent document 1). In this method, the loss of GABA is small, so that the efficiency is relatively good. However, GABA is lost even during the soaking time of 3 to 5 hours, and the enrichment amount of GABA is not satisfactory.
[0004]
GABA has been reported to improve at about 26 mg / day for menopause and presenile mental disorders. (Refer nonpatent literature 1) If it is going to ingest these with brown rice for one meal, the GABA content of 20-30 mg / 100g or more is required. In order to secure this amount of GABA, a normal germination method required a germination time of about 12 hours or more. However, there are about 10 3 to 10 6 bacteria in raw brown rice, and microorganisms are reduced by washing with water, but if brown rice is left with a water content that allows brown rice to germinate, The reduced number of general viable bacteria will grow beyond the original brown rice.
[0005]
In the prior art, ozone (see Patent Document 2), ultraviolet light (see Patent Document 3), electrolyzed water (see Patent Document 4), calcined calcium (see Patent Document 5), tourmaline, in order to solve the problem of microbial propagation. A method such as (see Patent Document 6) has been proposed. However, there are problems such as high cost, concern about remaining chemicals, and insufficient bacteriostatic effect. Also, the method of germinating in running water (see Patent Document 7) is inefficient because GABA is washed away even if the propagation of microorganisms can be controlled.
[0006]
In addition, a method of sterilizing microorganisms that have propagated without germination during germination after germination (see Patent Document 8 and Patent Document 9) has also been proposed. Since the generated toxin and odor remain without being decomposed, it is not preferable as a food. In addition, there is a problem that GABA and nutrients increased by exposing germinated brown rice to steam or hot water.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-352916 A [Non-Patent Document 1]
Journal of Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology, vol.47, No.8, 596〜603
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-4661 [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-215800 [Patent Document 4]
JP 2001-333713 A [Patent Document 5]
JP 2001-321100 A [Patent Document 6]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-192020 [Patent Document 7]
JP 2000-93097 A [Patent Document 8]
JP 2000-217520 A [Patent Document 9]
JP 2001-352917 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention proposes a method capable of obtaining germinated brown rice containing GABA rapidly and at a high concentration without causing miscellaneous bacteria to grow, preventing the loss of GABA and other nutritional components into water.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors have intensively studied to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, the brown rice is washed, immersed in warm water at 35 to 45 ° C. for 30 minutes to 2 hours, drained, and 1 to 8 at 35 to 45 ° C. It is found that the GABA can be effectively strengthened in a short time so that microorganisms do not propagate by collecting the drip (leached water) that is held for a period of time and returning to the brown rice. It came to.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The brown rice used in the present invention is not particularly limited in variety, but is preferably brown rice such as giant germ rice, Koshihikari, Akita Komachi, Sasanishiki, Nihonbare, Kirara 397, Hoshinoyume. The newer the brown rice, the better the GABA strengthening efficiency. Brown rice collected within one year or brown rice stored at low temperature is preferable.
[0011]
In the production method of the present invention, brown rice washed to absorb water is immersed in warm water at 30 to 45 ° C. for 30 minutes to 2 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 1 hour. After the soaking is completed, the water is drained and left to stand for 1 to 8 hours while maintaining the temperature of the brown rice at 35 to 45 ° C. to enrich GABA. In order not to allow microorganisms to propagate, 3 to 5 hours are preferable.
[0012]
During germination, the natural leaching drip between brown rice and from the brown rice is collected and returned from above the germinated brown rice to encourage the brown rice to absorb drip. Drip refluxing has the effect of preventing drying of the upper brown rice without causing GABA loss, unlike spraying fresh water to prevent drying. The drip can be collected and circulated at all times by a pump, or it can be collected once in a cushion tank and then put on brown rice again by a sprayer or a pump. Further, the reflux operation may be performed by stirring the brown rice itself using a container in which the brown rice drip is not drained. The brown rice may be stirred by using a stirrer or by rotating the container itself.
[0013]
The germinated brown rice obtained by the production method of the present invention contains more low-molecular carbohydrates such as proteins, amino acids and oligosaccharides, vitamins and organic acids, etc., as compared to ordinary germinated brown rice. There is. Furthermore, since germinated brown rice can be obtained with the elasticity of the endosperm portion remaining, there is an excellent texture. The germinated brown rice obtained by the production method of the present invention can be used as it is or after being dried with warm air, cooked in the shape of rice or rice cake like ordinary brown rice. In addition, this germinated brown rice can be used as an intermediate product, put into a retort pouch, tray, canned food, etc., and heated to be used as a cooked rice processed food.
[0014]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to test examples and examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0015]
GABA enrichment test method Weigh two 500g of Koshihikari brown rice.
2. The brown rice was washed with warm water at 40 ° C.
3. 500 g of warm water (40 ° C.) was added to each, and immersion was performed for 1 hour.
4). One was drained and the drip (leaching water) leached during that time was collected and returned to brown rice to germinate by enriching GABA while maintaining 40 ° C. (Invention)
The other was not drained and germinated by maintaining the temperature at 40 ° C. in the immersed state. (Conventional method)
5. Samples were taken at 1 hour, 5 hours, and 9 hours from each germination method, and GABA was measured. For GABA measurement, after separation by HPLC, detection was performed by absorbance using the OPA method.
Column: ODS capcell pak C18 MG4.6 × 150
Mobile phase: 10 mM sodium octane sulfonate, 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 4.5)
Flow rate: 1.5ml / min
Column temperature: 55 ° C
Detection: OPA post-column derivatization method
[Table 1]
From Table 1, it can be seen that the present method sufficiently enriches GABA even in a shorter germination time than the conventional method.
[0017]
Taste evaluation (germinated brown rice recipe with retort pouch)
Raw material weight (%)
Germinated brown rice 40.0
Concentrated kombu extract 0.7
Water 59.3
Total 100.0
The germinated brown rice was dipped in water for 2 hours, drained, and then added with concentrated kombu extract and water, and filled into a retort pouch. This was retorted (123 ° C., 20 minutes, hot water retort, equipment used: RK-3030 small retort high-pressure steam sterilizer—manufactured by Alp Co., Ltd.). For the evaluation, (1) germinated brown rice according to the present invention and (2) germinated brown rice (conventional product) germinated by immersion in warm water at 40 ° C. for 24 hours were prepared according to the above-mentioned formulation. Evaluation was performed by 15 panelists.
[0018]
[Table 2]
Overall, the evaluation of germinated brown rice according to the present invention was high. In particular, the scent clearly showed a tendency to prefer the germinated brown rice of the present invention. This is presumably because germination in the conventional method caused the generation of microorganisms and gave an unpleasant odor to human olfaction. Regarding the texture as well, the germination method according to the present invention seems to have been favored because the non-sticky characteristic of germinated brown rice is less likely to occur.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
By using the method of the present invention, brown rice containing a high concentration of GABA can be produced in a short time. Because GABA strengthening is completed in a short time, there is no growth of microorganisms. Highly safe germinated brown rice that maintains the original flavor of brown rice can be created. In addition, for long-term storage of germinated brown rice, it is necessary to reduce the water content to 15% or less. However, in the method of the present invention, the amount of water absorbed by the brown rice is small and the amount of water adhering to the brown rice is small. Germinated brown rice that can be efficiently stored for a long period of time can be created.
Claims (4)
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