JP5380708B2 - Functional ingredients - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing pigmented rice containing a large amount of anthocyanins and γ-aminobutyric acid.

  Purple black rice, a pigmented rice cultivated in our country, is sticky rice, and the pigment is contained only in the rice bran. Anthocyanin pigments in the heel part have strong antioxidant ability and have a good effect on the health functions of modern people, so that various anthocyanin pigments are extracted and used as health foods. On the other hand, recent studies have revealed that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has an effect of suppressing an increase in blood pressure, an effect of increasing cerebral blood flow, and an effect of increasing the amount of oxygen supplied to the brain.

At present, germinated brown rice is sold as GABA-enhanced rice. Germinated brown rice is immersed in warm water at around 40 ° C. under anaerobic conditions and held for 3-7 days, and glutamic acid is changed to GABA by glutamic acid decarboxylase in the germ part of brown rice. However, a large amount of soil microorganisms are attached to the surface of the brown rice, so that the growth of microorganisms proceeds at a faster rate than the production of GABA, and undesired substances are produced, producing off-flavors and off-flavors. , Germinating brown rice has a bad taste. According to the study of the present inventor, when germinating brown rice is produced, if the germination treatment is performed by adding warm water without washing the brown rice, a strange odor occurs after 24 hours, and the number of microorganisms in the treated water after 1 day is 1 × 10. It becomes ⁶ or more and becomes unfit for food. Therefore, when producing germinated brown rice, it is necessary to wash the brown rice with a large amount of water to remove adhering microorganisms and foreign matters.

  However, in the case of dyed rice, the dye contained therein is easily dissolved in water, and when washed to remove foreign substances or microorganisms adhering to the rice, the dye of rice will be dissolved in the washing water. In the case of normal use such as red rice, rice is cooked without taking too much time after sharpening the rice without sufficient washing. Thus, when heat sterilization operation is added within a short time after washing with water, the concern about contamination of pigmented rice due to growth of microorganisms attached to the rice is not so serious. However, when preparing foods with GABA using pigmented rice, the effects of soil microorganisms adhering to the surface of brown rice cannot be ignored, and washing may cause the loss of useful pigments. You must avoid getting up. In order to eliminate the adverse effects of these microorganisms and to use the enzyme action of rice, it is necessary to remove the microorganisms without causing the dyes of the dyed rice to run away.

JP 2002-45135 A

Many GABA-containing foods and health foods have been listed so far. However, in any case, the microorganism management is insufficient, so that rot caused by microorganisms occurs and there is a strange odor. In order to reduce the growth of microorganisms when using enzymes possessed by plant materials, there is no problem by promoting the enzyme action in warm running water, but the warming water and the amount of water are increased. Cost.
The amount of anthocyanin contained in purple black rice, which is one type of pigmented rice, is about 3%, but the pigment contained in the cocoon part is easily soluble in water, and when it is washed, it elutes into the washing water. Purple black rice is characterized by anthocyanin pigments, so it must be avoided to run away. However, it is impossible to produce GABA in a natural form using purple black rice enzymes without removing foreign substances and microorganisms on the surface of brown rice.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing dyed rice that is free from anthocyanin loss and is rich in anthocyanins and GABA in the obtained dyed rice.

  Therefore, the present inventor examined a method for recovering anthocyanin pigments by removing microorganisms in the treated water of pigmented rice in order to eliminate the influence of microorganisms under GABA production conditions. As a result, the washing water of pigmented rice is repeatedly centrifuged and / or filtered to remove cells and suspensions, and the recovered treated water is repeatedly used to remove suspensions and microorganisms and enrich GABA. The present inventors have found that the pigmented rice can be made.

That is, the present invention is as follows.
1. A method for producing a dyed rice containing GABA by treating the dyed rice with water, wherein the treated water treated with the dyed rice is filtered or centrifuged to remove microorganisms and suspensions. A method for producing pigmented rice containing anthocyanin and GABA, wherein the pigment is used repeatedly as treated water to eliminate pigment loss.
2. Filtration is performed using the filtration apparatus which coated the membrane filter or the filter aid, The said 1 manufacturing method characterized by the above-mentioned.
3. Pigmented rice containing anthocyanin and GABA obtained by the production method of 1 or 2 above.

  The pigmented rice produced by the method of the present invention has no pigment loss and is rich in anthocyanins and GABA.

  The pigmented rice in the present invention is, for example, purple black rice. Pigmented rice contains anthocyanin pigments in the hulls of the hull, and the polished rice does not contain pigments. In many cases, when using the anthocyanins of pigmented rice, it is polished and used after removing the rice bran portion. In order to use the entire dyed rice, it is necessary to remove the microorganisms and foreign matters on the surface of the brown rice by washing. However, since the anthocyanin pigment contained in the epidermis is eluted when the pigmented rice is washed, it is inconvenient to sufficiently wash the pigmented rice. In the present invention, the dyed rice is treated with water, but the treated water is filtered or centrifuged, and repeatedly used as treated water for the dyed rice, thereby removing foreign substances and microorganisms adhering to the surface of the dyed rice. However, it is possible to produce the necessary GABA in the pigmented rice so that the pigmented rice possesses GABA without reducing the anthocyanin pigment.

Treatment of dyed rice with water can be either batch or continuous. For example, a method of stirring using a tank equipped with a stirrer, a method of passing water by upflow using a column, and the like can be exemplified.
Treated water is separated from pigmented rice, and then separated from microorganisms and suspensions by filtration and / or centrifugation. The permeated water is separated into non-permeated water in which microorganisms and suspensions are concentrated. The permeated water is again used for the treatment of dyed rice. The non-permeated water collects the dye, and then the residue is discarded.

By treating the dyed rice, washing and removal of microorganisms and foreign matters adhering to the dyed rice surface and enrichment of GABA are performed. When the processing temperature is low, for example, below 30 ° C., the enrichment does not progress so much and cleaning is mainly performed. When the treatment temperature is high, for example, 30 ° C. to 50 ° C., enrichment proceeds in about 2 to 5 days. Therefore, it is efficient to first wash the pigmented rice to remove microorganisms and foreign matters by treating at a low temperature, and then increase the treatment temperature to enrich GABA. In this case, the treatment operation at a low temperature is preferably repeated 5 times or more.
In addition, cleaning and GABA enrichment may be performed simultaneously. For example, dyed rice may be packed in a column or the like and continuously passed. If the water flow temperature is low, enrichment proceeds slowly. Enrichment proceeds faster if the water flow temperature is higher. However, since the growth rate of microorganisms also increases, in this case, it is preferable to increase the water flow rate.

  The treated water is clarified each time through filtration, centrifugation or a combination of both. By this treatment operation, foreign substances and microorganisms on the surface of the dyed rice can be completely removed. When residual pigment is observed in the non-permeated water, the non-permeated water is collected, a small amount of water is added, the solution is filtered again, and the pigment is transferred to the permeated water. The permeated water containing the pigment is returned to the washing water. Dispose of the suspension without pigment.

Filtration is preferably performed using a membrane filter or a filtration device coated with a filter aid. The membrane filter diameter is preferably 0.22 to 0.45 μm. As a filter aid, for example, diatomaceous earth can be used. For example, a filter cloth or a ceramic filter can be used as the filtering device. Centrifugation preferably uses a high-speed centrifuge.
The foreign matter and microorganisms adhering to the dyed rice are eliminated by the operation of removing the suspension of the treated water, and the spoilage caused by the microorganisms during the GABA enrichment operation using the rice enzyme can be eliminated.
Pigmented rice sufficiently enriched with GABA is filtered and separated from warm water. The warmed water may be concentrated by a known means, mixed with pigmented rice, and sent to the drying step. The drying operation may be hot air drying, vacuum drying, freeze drying, fluidized bed drying, or normal temperature ventilation drying.

Place 1 kg of purple black rice in a tank with a stirrer and a finer mesh screen than the grain of rice and with a discharge valve at the bottom. Add 5 times normal temperature water and stir and wash for about 5 minutes. After 5 minutes, open the discharge valve and drain the wash water. The washing water is passed through a 0.22 μm membrane filter filtration device to remove foreign substances and microorganisms adhering to the rice, returned to the tank as new washing water, and the rice is washed again by adding insufficient water. The washing operation of the dyed rice is repeated 6 times in a batch system to remove as much foreign substances and microorganisms as possible.
Next, the washing permeate heated to 40 ° C. is returned to the tank containing the washed dyed rice, and stirred at a low agitator speed so that the rice can be uniformly heated without crushing the rice. To do.
The discharge valve at the bottom of the tank is opened moderately, warm water is discharged at a flow rate of 1 to 5 L / hr, and sent to a membrane filter filtration device to continue filtration. The permeated water of the membrane filter filtration device is returned to the tank through the heating device. The non-permeated water in which a small amount of pigment remains is passed through a batch-type membrane filtration device to separate solids and permeated water containing color work, and the permeated water is added to the warm water in the tank. By this operation, dye run-off of dyed rice was eliminated, contamination by microorganisms during the production of GABA was prevented, and high-quality GABA-enriched dyed rice containing 24.4 mg / 100 g of GABA free from off-flavors and off-flavors was obtained.

1 kg of purple black rice was put into a tank equipped with a stirrer and a wire mesh dish, and stirred and washed with 5 times the amount of tap water. The washing water was passed through a high-speed centrifuge (centrifugal separator) to remove microbial cells and suspensions, and the clear washing water was used again for washing purple rice. The washing operation of purple black rice was repeated 6 times.
After washing the purple black rice, the clarified wash water was cooled to 16 ° C. and added to the washed black rice in the tank with a plate and allowed to stand. After 24 hours, the tank was drained, the cells and suspensions were removed with a centrifugal separator, the temperature was adjusted to 16 ° C., and then returned to the pigmented rice tank and allowed to stand. This operation was repeated once a day to promote the production of GABA by the dye rice enzyme. In the growth test of microorganisms using the test paper for Sancorie general bacteria, the number of general bacteria on the third day was 10 or less, and there was no remarkable growth of the bacteria. The production of GABA became clear from around 24 hours, and purple black rice having a concentration of 6.8 mg / 100 g was obtained after 72 hours. At this time, no odor or odor was felt in purple black rice and warm water.

  Filter 1 kg of purple black rice in a column with a 10 cm x 100 cm eye plate, pass hot water at 38 ° C with an upflow method at a flow rate that prevents the rice grains from flowing out, and filter the effluent hot water with a diatomaceous earth-coated ceramic filter Pass through the apparatus to remove suspensions and microorganisms. Clarified filtered water is heated and passed from the bottom of the column and circulated. When the dyed rice is sufficiently enriched with GABA, the circulation of warm water is terminated to obtain GABA-enriched dyed rice. The GABA content of purple black rice was 24.8 mg / 100 g.

  Place 1 kg of purple black rice in a tank equipped with a stirrer and a wire mesh plate, add 3 to 5 times the amount of tap water heated to 40 ° C from the beginning, and stir while washing and generating GABA in parallel. The drainage valve is opened and the washing water is passed through a 0.22 μm membrane filter device at a flow rate of 3 to 5 L / hr to continuously remove foreign substances and microorganisms adhering to the dyed rice. Membrane filter permeated water is heated to 40 ° C. through a heating device and then returned to the colored cord tank. By increasing the amount of circulation, the growth of microorganisms can be significantly suppressed, but the capacity of the membrane device increases and the amount of washing water also increases. This amount of circulation was judged to be appropriate from a test of the growth rate of microorganisms. The production of GABA started after 6 hours, showed a maximum production amount at 48 hours, and then gradually decreased. In this method, the operation was performed in an airtight state with a large amount of carbon dioxide by exhausting air in order to create an anaerobic state. After 48 hours, the device is released, the colored rice and warm water are filtered, and the warm water is concentrated in a vacuum thin film type concentrator, then mixed with dyed rice and dried to contain 26.4 mg / 100 g of GABA. I was able to make dyed rice.

  Since the pigmented rice obtained by the present invention contains a large amount of anthocyanins and GABA, it is itself suitable as a health food or a material for health food.

Claims (3)

  A method of producing purple brown rice germinating brown rice containing GABA by treating purple black rice with water, filtering or centrifuging the washing water treated with purple black rice to remove microorganisms and suspensions, A process for producing purple black rice germinating brown rice containing purple black rice-derived anthocyanins and GABA, which is used repeatedly as treated water for purple black rice to eliminate the loss of pigment.   2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the filtration is performed using a membrane filter or a filtration device coated with a filter aid.   The manufacturing method of Claim 1 or 2 whose temperature which processes purple black rice is 30-50 degreeC.