JP4065442B2 - Ecosystem-friendly waterway structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an ecosystem-friendly waterway structure. More specifically, in waterways such as rivers and agricultural waterways, the water flow function as a waterway is effectively demonstrated, and aquatic animals such as fish and aquatic insects, and aquatic plants such as aquatic plants can be promoted. However, the present invention relates to an ecosystem-friendly canal structure that facilitates waterway maintenance and management, such as reducing the labor of harvesting aquatic plants.

  As a waterway structure that improves the ecosystem by providing a favorable environment for the inhabiting and growth of aquatic animals such as fish and aquatic insects and aquatic plants such as aquatic plants in waterways such as rivers and agricultural waterways Ecosystem improvement type revetment structures disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-165733 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-165733 have been proposed.

  As shown in FIG. 24, the revetment structure disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-30212 is the front side of the bottom plate portion b of the L-type block main body c in which the bottom plate portion b is horizontally connected to the lower portion of the upright wall plate portion a. On the upper surface of the portion, a partition d is erected upward, and an ecosystem holding member f such as chestnut is accommodated in a space e between the upright wall plate portion a and the partition d. At the same time, the upright wall plate a is provided with a slit g that is long in the vertical direction. And since the groundwater which flows out from this slit g stays in the said space e, water was ensured in this space e and it was made for the living organisms and a plant to grow. Further, a riverbed plate h is installed at the bottom of the water channel between the bottom plate portions b, b of the left and right L-shaped block bodies c, c, and a hollow space j provided in the central portion of the riverbed plate h has a chestnut stone or the like. The ecosystem holding member f was accommodated.

  Further, the revetment structure disclosed in the Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-165733 is composed of a retaining wall portion m having openings k, k and a bottom plate portion n projecting to the left and right sides at the lower portion of the retaining wall portion m. A main body block q provided with a lid receiving projection p on the side surface of the retaining wall portion m on the shore side, and a fish nest block t on which a horizontal wall portion s is placed on the shore side protruding portion r of the bottom plate portion n. And a lid block v placed on the vertical wall u of the fish nest block t, the lid receiving projection p of the main body block q, a retaining wall m, the fish nest block t and the lid block v. , A fish nest space z communicating with the water channel through the opening k, and communicating with the soil on the shore y through the slit x in the vertical wall u, and the water channel between the left and right water channel side overhanging portions r, r. It consists of a hollow space i formed at the center of the bottom and a chestnut stone accommodated in the fish nest space z. It was composed of a state-based holding member f.

  In each of the above-mentioned revetment structures, a hollow space is provided in the central portion of the water channel, and an ecosystem holding member is accommodated in the hollow space, and the earth and sand contained in the flowing water flowing through the water channel is removed from the ecosystem holding member. By gradually accumulating in the gap, and aquatic plants are settled and proliferated in this area, it is intended to provide an environment suitable for small animals such as fry, young fish or aquatic insects to escape in the space of the aquatic plant community. there were. However, this revetment structure has the following problems in terms of improving the ecosystem and maintaining the waterways.

  The water flow state in a water channel such as an agricultural water channel generally has the highest flow velocity at the center of the water flow cross section (central portion of the water channel), and the flow velocity becomes slower toward the periphery. And aquatic animals such as fish, aquatic insects and benthic animals that live in waterways such as agricultural waterways can be used as resting places or hideouts around the waterways where the flow velocity is low due to the water flow characteristics of such waterways. There is a habit of laying eggs and feeding grounds.

  However, when the conventional revetment structure is used, plants such as aquatic plants grow in the hollow space provided at the center of the water channel, so that the water flow changes due to the overgrowth and the flow around the water channel becomes faster. . As a result, there has been a problem that the peripheral part of the waterway, which has been a good habitat for aquatic animals, is no longer suitable as a habitat.

  When the former revetment structure is used, an ecosystem holding member f such as chestnut is accommodated in the space between the upright wall plate portion a and the partition d, so that plants such as aquatic plants can grow. Fish and aquatic insects could live in the space. However, since the outer surface side of the partition (standing wall) d is exposed to a high flow velocity as described above, it can be achieved even if an aquatic insect such as a cage or an amphibian tries to scoop up the outer surface d1 of the partition (standing wall). For these aquatic animals, the space could not function as a habitat.

  Further, when the latter revetment structure is used, even if an ecosystem holding member f such as chestnut is placed on the water channel side projecting portion r of the bottom plate portion of the main body block q, as described above, the peripheral portion of the water channel Because of the high flow velocity, the chestnuts and the like placed on the smooth concrete surface were easily washed away by the force of water flow. For this reason, since the aquatic overhanging portion r is difficult to grow aquatic plants and the like and it is difficult to form an environment with a low flow velocity, the periphery of the waterway is inappropriate as a place for growing aquatic animals.

In addition, the conventional revetment structure has such problems on the ecosystem, and in order to prevent the water flow ability of the waterway from being hindered by the overgrowth of the plants, it is necessary for waterway management that requires much labor for mowing maintenance. There was also a problem. In addition, in the former revetment structure, since the space for accommodating the ecosystem holding member was provided in the water channel, the cross-sectional area of the water channel was reduced accordingly, and when the amount of water increased due to heavy rainfall, etc. The water level rose rapidly and was dangerous.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-30212 (page 2-3, FIGS. 3 and 4) JP-A-9-165733 (page 2-3, FIG. 4)

  The present invention has been developed in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and is capable of satisfactorily demonstrating the water passage capacity of the water channel, and promoting the overgrowth of aquatic plants in the periphery of the water channel to form a part with a low flow rate Considering the ecosystem that can be used as a habitat for aquatic animals such as fish and aquatic insects, and reducing the labor for harvesting aquatic plants, it has made it easier to maintain and manage waterways. The challenge is to provide an ecosystem-friendly waterway structure that can be created.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following means.
That is, the ecosystem-friendly waterway structure according to the present invention is a waterway in which the bottom of the waterway and the side walls of the waterway on both sides thereof are made of concrete, and a bottom opening that penetrates the waterway bottom is provided in a side portion of the waterway bottom. In addition, the arrangement interval of the bottom openings viewed in the extending direction of the water channel is set to 10 cm to 500 cm, and the ratio of the total area of the bottom openings to the area of the bottom surface of the water channel is set to 10 to 30%. a ecological friendly water channel structure being, above the channel sidewall portion of each side wall opening so as to be positioned on its upper side in correspondence with said bottom opening is formed through.
The back surface side of the side wall opening is covered with a chestnut filling portion provided on the back side of the water channel side wall portion over the upper and lower ends, and the chestnut stone filling portion has a particle size that does not spill out from the side wall opening. And the lower end of the side wall opening is positioned 10-15 cm above the bottom surface of the water channel, and the upper end of the side wall opening is It is characterized by being set at a position of 80 to 90% of the water channel height, which is the maximum water level of the water channel .
In the ecosystem-friendly waterway structure, the wood covering material formed by halving the thinned wood on both sides of the side wall opening is pasted on the inner surface of the waterway side wall portion with the length direction being vertical. Good.

The present invention has the following excellent effects.
(1) The present invention provides a bottom opening in a side portion of the water channel bottom part of the water channel where the water channel bottom part and the water channel side wall parts on both sides thereof are made of concrete, and the water channel side wall part corresponding to the bottom part opening. The structure which provides a side wall opening is employ | adopted, and the prosperous place of the aquatic plant in this water channel bottom part is specified as the bottom part opening.
Therefore, according to the present invention, the water passage ability of the waterway can be exhibited well, and aquatic plants can be allowed to thrive on the side part of the waterway, so that by the overgrowth, small animals such as fishes, aquatic insects, amphibians, etc. It is possible to form a habitat with a low flow rate suitable for the habitat. However, because two aquatic plants are connected by connecting the bottom side of the waterway and the opening of the side wall with a prosperous aquatic plant, aquatic insects and amphibians can move back and forth between the two habitats, making it closer to the natural environment. Ecosystem will be secured. That is, the waterway ecosystem can be improved.
And in this invention, since the arrangement | positioning space | interval of the bottom part opening seen in the length direction of the water channel is set to the minimum of 10 cm, there is a discontinuous part of at least about 10 cm between the aquatic plant prosperous parts in the bottom openings adjacent to each other. Arise. The interrupted portion allows fish and the like to move freely in the crossing direction of the waterway and allows fresh waterway water to pass through the interrupted portion between the internal space of the aquatic plant prosperous part and between the aquatic plant prosperous part and the waterway side wall part. It is possible to prevent the water in the inner space of the aquatic plant overgrowth from drowning and becoming deficient in oxygen, so that fish and the like can live well.
Moreover, since the said side wall opening also has the function to discharge the ground water of the back side of a channel side wall part, it can contribute also to the stability improvement of a channel. In addition, since the ratio of the total area of the bottom opening to the area of the bottom surface of the water channel is set to 10 to 30%, the aquatic plant overgrowth in the side part of the water channel can improve the ecosystem as described above. In addition, the overgrowth of aquatic plants can be suppressed to the necessary minimum, so that the labor for mowing maintenance can be reduced, and the channel management can be facilitated.

  (2) In particular, by forming the bottom opening long in the direction of extension of the water channel, the resistance received by running water due to the overgrowth of aquatic plants can be minimized.

  (3) When a wooden covering such as thinned wood with low thermal conductivity is attached to the surface of the water channel side wall so as not to block the side wall opening, not only can the landscape of the water channel be improved, but also due to solar heat. An aquatic insect, amphibian, and the like can easily climb the side of the water channel by suppressing the temperature increase on the side of the water channel, so that the ecosystem of the water channel can be further improved.

  (4) When the interval between adjacent side wall openings is long when viewed in the direction of extension of the water channel, ground water can be discharged smoothly on the back side of the water channel side wall portion by providing the side wall openings between the openings. In addition, the side wall opening can function as a fish nest even if the above-mentioned joining effect by the aquatic plants prospering at the bottom opening is not achieved.

  1-4, an ecosystem-friendly waterway structure 1 according to the present invention is applied to an agricultural waterway 3 adjacent to a rice field 2, and the waterway bottom 5 and the right and left waterway side wall parts 6 and 6 are made of concrete. In the three-sided water channel 3, the left and right side portions 7 and 7 of the water channel bottom 5 are opposed to the left and right sides, and bottom openings 9 are juxtaposed in the length direction at intervals of 10 cm to 500 cm. In this embodiment, they are juxtaposed at intervals of 40 cm. And the ratio of the total area of all the said bottom part opening 9 with respect to the area of the bottom face 10 of the water channel seen in the extension direction of this water channel 3 is set to 10-30%, and is set to about 15% in a present Example. Has been. Each of the water channel side wall portions 6 and 6 is provided with a side wall opening 11 so as to be positioned on the upper side of the water channel side wall portion 6 and 6 so as to correspond to the bottom opening 9. 11 is closed by a chestnut filling portion 12 provided on the back side of the head 11. As shown in FIG. 2, the lower end 13 of the side wall opening 11 is below the minimum water level LA of the water channel 3, and the upper end 15 of the side wall opening 11 is substantially matched with the maximum water level LB of the water channel 3. 2 and 4, the lower end 13 is set to be 10 cm above the bottom surface 10 of the water channel, for example, 10 cm above. In addition, a wooden covering material 16 is attached to the left and right water channel side wall portions 11 and 11 so as not to block the side wall opening 11 in consideration of ecosystem and landscape.

  More specifically, the water channel 3 is constructed by sequentially connecting a U-shaped groove-shaped water channel block 17 made of precast concrete with the water channel portion 19 communicating therewith. As shown in FIGS. 5 to 6, the water channel block 17 has a side plate 21, 21 standing upright on both the left and right sides of the rectangular plate-like bottom plate 20, and a series of standing between the side plates 21, 21. The water channel portion 19 is formed. Further, both lower end sides of the inner surface portion are formed on the arc surfaces 22, 22, and a space between the lower edges 23, 23 of the arc surfaces 22, 22 serves as a bottom surface 25 of the water channel portion 19. The upper end is bent outward, and the upper surface 27 of the bent portion 26 is formed flat. Further, rectangular bottom openings 9, 9 extending in the length direction of the bottom plate 20 (extending direction of the water channel) are provided in front and rear of the left and right portions of the bottom plate 20 so as to face each other.

If the dimensions of each part of the water channel block 17 are illustrated based on FIG. 3 and FIGS. 5 to 6, the front-rear length L1 of the block is 200 cm, the left-right width L2 of the bottom surface 25 of the water channel part 19 is 200 cm, The width L3 is set to 250 cm, the water channel height L4 is set to 150 cm, and the block thickness L5 is set to 14 cm. The bottom opening 9 has a long side length L6 of 60 cm and a short side length L7 of 25 cm, and a depth of 14 cm corresponding to the block thickness. A distance L8 between the bottom openings 9 and 9 adjacent to each other is set to 40 cm, and a length L9 between the bottom opening 9 and the front and rear ends 29 and 30 of the block is set to 20 cm. The area of the bottom surface 25 of the water channel section 19 is in 40000Cm ^2, the total area of the four bottom opening 9,9,9,9 is because it is 600 cm ^2, the bottom opening 9 to the area of the bottom surface 25 of the water channel section The total area ratio is about 15%.

  Further, the side plates 21 and 21 are provided with three side wall openings 11 each having a rectangular shape extending vertically in the front-rear direction of the side plate 21 (extending direction of the water channel portion 19) in parallel with a predetermined interval. It is installed. The side wall opening 11 has a vertical length of 110 cm, a width of 10 cm, and a space between the side wall openings 11 and 11 of 15 cm. The height L10 is set so that the lower end 13 of the side wall opening 11 is located 10 cm above the bottom surface 25 of the water channel part, and the upper end 15 of the side wall opening 11 is 120 cm above the bottom surface 25 of the water channel part. The height L11 is set so as to be positioned.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the three side wall openings 11, 11, 11 are arranged such that the outer edges 31, 32 of the side wall openings 11 a, 11 b located at both ends are aligned with the front and rear ends 33, 35 of the bottom opening 9. ing. The lower end 13 of the side wall opening 11 is set below the minimum water level LA of the water channel as described above. If the minimum water level LA necessary for maintaining the ecosystem is 10 to 15 cm, the side wall opening 11 The height 10 cm of the lower end 13 is below the minimum water level LA. The upper end 15 of the side wall opening 11 substantially matches the maximum water level of the water channel as described above, but the maximum water level LB is usually set at a position of 80 to 90% of the water channel height H (FIG. 2). Therefore, in the present embodiment where the water channel height H is 150 cm, the maximum water level LB is 120 to 135 cm, and the height 120 cm of the upper end 15 of the side wall opening 11 is below the maximum water level.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the water channel block 17 having such a structure is laid on the ground 36 with a water blocking material interposed between the joint end surfaces 36 and 36, and the water channel blocks 17 and 17 are connected to each other by using a connecting bracket 37. The water channel 3 is constructed by connecting at 39. The left and right side portions 7 and 7 of the water channel bottom 5 have the bottom openings 9 arranged in parallel at an interval of 40 cm, and the left and right bottom openings 9 and 9 face each other.

  After the water channel 3 is constructed in this manner, the chestnut filling portion 12 is formed on the back side of the both water channel side wall portions 6 and 6 in a range extending from the upper and lower ends of the side wall opening 11 as shown in FIG. However, the particle size of the chestnut 40 used is set to, for example, about 150 mm so that the chestnut 40 does not spill out of the side wall opening 11. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the chestnut filling portion 12 is covered with a suction preventing sheet 42 except for the side in contact with the outer surface 41 of the water channel side wall portion 6. The suction preventing sheet 42 has water permeability but prevents the backside earth and sand from flowing out into the chestnut filling portion 12.

  The procedure for constructing the chestnut filling portion 12 covered with the suction prevention sheet 42 will be described with reference to FIG. 7. First, the lower portion of the suction prevention sheet 42 is brought into contact with the outer surface 41 of the channel side wall portion 6. The earth and sand 45 is backfilled up to the height of the upper end of the contact sheet portion 44. Thereafter, the upper surface 46 of the backfilled earth and sand is covered with a width corresponding to the thickness of the chestnut filling portion 12 to be formed. Thereafter, the chestnut 40 is filled between the rising sheet portion 47 and the water channel side wall portion 6 while raising the suction preventing sheet 42, and the earth and sand 45 are sequentially refilled on the back side of the rising sheet portion 47. The filling of the chestnut 40 is performed up to the upper end height of the side wall opening 11. Thereafter, the upper surface 49 of the completed chestnut filling portion 12 is covered with the upper portion 50 of the suction prevention sheet 42 and the upper end portion 50 of the suction prevention sheet 42 is brought into contact with the outer surface 52 of the upper end portion of the water channel side wall portion 6. Make contact. Then, the earth and sand 45 is backfilled to the height of the upper end of the water channel side wall portion 6. As a result, the chestnut filling portion 12 covered with the suction preventing sheet 42 is formed on the back side of the water channel side wall portion 6, so that the back side of the side wall opening 11 is closed by the chestnut filling portion 12. The chestnut filling part 12 is formed in a continuous state over the entire length of the water channel side wall part 6, and is formed in a discontinuous state for each set of the three side wall openings 11, 11, 11, for example. There is also.

  In this embodiment, after the water channel 3 is constructed, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the wooden covering material 16 is pasted on the inner surfaces 53 of the water channel side wall portions 6 and 6 so as not to block the side wall openings 11. The wooden covering material 16 is formed by halving a thinned material, and is pasted with its length direction being vertical. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the attachment is performed by using stainless bolts 56 screwed into an insert 55 embedded in the inner surface 53 and fixing the portions 57 and 57 near the both ends of the wooden covering material 16. Similarly, the halved wooden covering material 16 is also fixed to the upper surface 27 of the bent portion 26 with its length direction set as the water channel extending direction.

  In the water channel 3 constructed in this way, aquatic plants settle in the bottom opening 9, and the aquatic plants 59 grow well with roots in the natural ground 58 as shown in FIGS. Since the bottom opening 9 is provided only on the left and right side portions of the water channel bottom portion 5 as described above, the aquatic plant overgrowth occurs on both side portions of the water channel, but the center of the water channel fulfills the central function of water flow. The occurrence is suppressed in the part.

  Thus, since the generation | occurrence | production of aquatic plants is suppressed in the center part of a waterway, the water flow capability of a waterway can be ensured favorable. In both sides of the water channel (periphery of the water channel), a prosperous aquatic plant becomes an obstacle and the flow velocity is slow, and an internal space that is shaded is formed. , Small fish such as medaka with weak swimming ability, juvenile fish, shellfish, aquatic insects such as gengoro and yago) and amphibians, etc. It becomes a place. Since the bottom openings 9 are provided at intervals of 40 cm as described above, as shown in FIG. 10, there is a gap of about 40 cm between the aquatic plant prosperous parts 60, 60 in the bottom openings 9, 9 adjacent to each other. 61 occurs. Accordingly, fish and the like can freely move in the crossing direction in the cut portion 61, and fresh water can pass through the cut portion 61, the internal space of the aquatic plant prosperity portion 60, the aquatic plant prosperity portion 60 and the water channel side wall portion 6. Can flow into the space between. By this inflow, it is possible to prevent water in the internal space of the aquatic plant overgrowth part 60 from drowning and becoming deficient in oxygen, and to make fish and the like live well.

  Further, when the plant that has flourished in the bottom opening 9 reaches the side wall opening 11 located above the bottom opening 9 or covers the side wall opening 11, the bottom portion of the water channel is passed through the overgrown plant. A continuous habitat from the side 62 to the side wall opening 11 is formed. Therefore, insects and amphibians that inhabit the water channel bottom 5 can move upward along the stems and leaves of the plant and reach the side wall opening 11. Since there is a chestnut filling portion 12 at the back side of the side wall opening 11, the gap between the side wall opening 11 and the chestnut filling portion 12 becomes a resting place or a retreat for aquatic animals and land water animals. Depending on the water level of the water channel, the side wall opening 11 and the chestnut filling portion 12 may be submerged, submerged or damp but may be damp, or even dry. The ability to provide a variety of environments is advantageous for aquatic and terrestrial animals.

  Also, the surface 63 of the wooden covering 16 is unlikely to be heated or slipped by solar heat unlike the concrete surface, so aquatic insects and amphibians such as goats that have moved upward through the stems and leaves of plants, The water channel side wall portion 6 can be easily moved upward along the surface 63 of the wooden covering material 16. And when moss etc. propagated on the surface 63 of the wooden coating | covering material 16, this can also become food, such as an aquatic insect.

  When using the water channel 3 constructed in this way, it is possible to ensure a good water flow capacity in the central part of the water channel where generation of aquatic plants is suppressed, and in the aquatic plant prosperous part 60 at the side part of the water channel bottom, Since water can pass through the internal space, the aquatic plant overgrowth portion 60 rarely reduces the cross-sectional area of the water passage, unlike the conventional revetment structure in which the habitat space that protrudes into the water channel is formed by a partition. In the present embodiment, since the bottom opening 9 that is a prosperous part of the aquatic plant is configured to be long in the direction of extension of the water channel, compared to the case where the bottom opening 9 is long in the width direction of the water channel 3, The resistance to running water can be reduced, which is preferable.

  The side wall opening 11 has its lower end 13 set below the minimum water level of the water channel 3 and its upper end 15 substantially matching the maximum water level of the water channel 3, so that the side wall opening 11 can be opened even if the water level fluctuates. All or part of 11 is immersed in water and at least moist. Therefore, the side wall opening 11 can always be a habitat such as a resting place, a retreating place, a spawning place, etc. for aquatic animals.

  As described above, since the ratio of the total area of all the bottom openings 9 to the area of the bottom surface 10 of the water channel 3 seen in the extending direction of the water channel 3 is set to about 15%, A desirable environment can be formed and the required water flow capacity can be secured. However, since the total area of the bottom opening 9 where aquatic plants thrive is set to about 15%, it is possible to solve the conventional problem that a lot of labor is required for mowing maintenance in order to secure the water flow capacity.

  Further, since the chestnut filling portion 12 is provided on the back side of the side wall opening 11, groundwater on the back side of the channel side wall portion 6 is quickly discharged into the water channel 3 through the chestnut filling portion 12. Since the groundwater is discharged in this way, the water channel 3 can be prevented from rising due to buoyancy, and the stability of the water channel can be improved. In addition, when the groundwater is discharged to the water channel 3 in this way, the suction prevention sheet 42 effectively prevents the inflow of earth and sand into the chestnut filling portion 12. And since the lower end 13 of the said side wall opening 11 is located below the minimum water level of the water channel 3, and the upper end 15 is substantially matched with the maximum water level of the water channel 3, this chestnut filling part 12 is irrespective of the water depth. At least the lower end side of the side wall opening 11 is usually in a submerged state. Thus, the side wall opening 65 in the submerged state can also function as a fish nest. And even when the flow velocity becomes maximum during the water increase period, such as during rainfall or irrigation, the side wall opening in the submerged state is convenient as a place for escape of fish and the like.

  As described above, in the present invention, the ratio of the total area of all the bottom openings 9 to the area of the bottom surface 10 of the water channel is set to 10 to 30%, but when the ratio exceeds 30%, Although it is more preferable from the viewpoint of improving the ecosystem, it is not preferable because mowing and maintenance are required to secure the water passage capacity. On the other hand, if the ratio is less than 10%, it is difficult to obtain an ecosystem improvement effect, which is not preferable.

  In order to promote the vegetation of aquatic plants, the bottom opening 9 may be filled with chestnut, but since sediment is naturally deposited in the bottom opening 9, from above the vegetation of aquatic plants, It is not always necessary to fill the bottom opening 9 with chestnut.

  FIGS. 11-12 shows the other aspect of the ecosystem consideration type waterway structure 1 which concerns on this invention, and the waterway 3 is constructed | assembled using the waterway construction block 66 shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 13 and 12, the water channel building block 66 has an L shape formed by projecting a bottom plate portion 69 substantially horizontally at a lower portion of the side plate portion 67, and the bottom plate portion 69 has the above-described shape. A bottom opening 9 similar to the above is penetrated by a distance of 40 cm in the front-rear direction. Further, the side plate portion 67 is provided with three side wall openings 11, 11, 11 that are long in the vertical direction so as to correspond to the bottom opening 9 and are arranged in the same manner as in the above embodiment. Has been. The lower end 13 of the side wall opening 11 is below the minimum water level LA of the water channel, and the upper end 15 of the side wall opening 11 is substantially matched with the maximum water level LB of the water channel. An example of the upper end position and the lower end position is the same as that shown in the embodiment.

  In order to build the water channel 3 using the water channel building block 66 having such a configuration, as shown in FIG. 13, the water channel building block 66 is formed with the bottom plate portions 69 and 69 facing each other and the bottom plate in the facing state. A predetermined interval is provided between the portions 69 and 69 and the ground 36 is laid on the left and right sides, and a water-stopping material is interposed between the joint end surfaces 36 and 36 and is connected by a bolt 39 using a connection fitting 37. Further, as shown in FIG. 12, the water channel bottom portion 5 is formed by hitting concrete between the bottom plate portions 69 and 69 in place. The dimensions of each part of the formed water channel 3 are the same as in the above embodiment.

  After the water channel 3 is constructed in this way, the chestnut filling portion 12 is formed on the back side of the both water channel side wall portions 6 and 6 in the same manner as described above. Further, in the same manner as described above, the wooden covering material 16 is attached to the inner surfaces of the side wall portions 6 and 6 of both water channels.

  The overgrowth state of aquatic plants in the bottom opening 9 of the water channel 3 constructed in this way is as shown in FIG. 14, and since the generation of aquatic plants is suppressed in the center portion of the water channel, the water flow capacity in the center portion of the water channel Can be secured satisfactorily.

  In both sides of the water channel (periphery of the water channel), the overgrown aquatic plant 59 becomes an obstacle and the flow velocity is slow, and an internal space that is shaded is formed. For example, small fish and larvae such as medaka with weak swimming ability, aquatic insects such as shellfish, gengoro and yago) and amphibians, etc. It becomes a feeding ground. Since the bottom openings 9 are provided at an interval of 40 cm as described above, a break portion 61 of about 40 cm is formed between the aquatic plant overgrowth parts 60 and 60 in the bottom openings 9 and 9 adjacent to each other. Accordingly, fish and the like can freely move in the crossing direction in the cut portion 61, and fresh water can pass through the cut portion 61, the internal space of the aquatic plant prosperity portion 60, the aquatic plant prosperity portion 60 and the water channel side wall portion 6. Can flow into the space between. By this inflow, it is possible to prevent water in the internal space of the aquatic plant overgrowth part 60 from drowning and becoming deficient in oxygen, and to make fish and the like live well.

  In addition, on both sides of the water channel (periphery of the water channel), due to the overgrowth of aquatic plants, a habitat with a low flow rate suitable for inhabiting small animals such as fish, aquatic insects, and amphibians is formed in the same manner as described above. Further, as shown in FIG. 14, the plant that has flourished in the bottom opening 9 reaches or covers the side wall opening 11 provided so as to be located above the bottom opening 9. Thus, a continuous habitat space extending from the bottom side 62 of the water channel to the side wall opening 11 is formed through the overgrown plants. Therefore, insects and amphibians that inhabit the water channel bottom 5 can move upward along the stems and leaves of the plant and reach the side wall opening 11. Since there is a chestnut filling portion 12 at the back side of the side wall opening 11, the gap between the side wall opening 11 and the chestnut filling portion 12 becomes a habitat or a hideout for aquatic animals and land water animals. Depending on the water level of the water channel 3, the side wall opening 11 and the chestnut filling portion 12 may be submerged, may not be submerged, but may be wet, or may be further dry. The ability to provide a variety of environments is advantageous for aquatic and terrestrial animals.

  Also, the surface 63 of the wooden covering 16 is unlikely to be heated or slipped by solar heat unlike the concrete surface, so aquatic insects and amphibians such as goats that have moved upward through the stems and leaves of plants, The water channel side wall portion 6 can be easily moved upward along the surface 63 of the wooden covering material 16. And when moss etc. propagated on the surface 63 of the wooden coating | covering material 16, this can also become food, such as an aquatic insect. This is the same as in the previous embodiment.

  In this embodiment as well, the bottom opening 9 that is a prosperous part of the aquatic plant is configured to be long in the direction of extension of the water channel, so that compared to the case where the bottom opening 9 is long in the width direction of the water channel 3, It is preferable that the resistance received by can be reduced. The side wall opening 11 has its lower end 13 set below the lowest water level of the water channel 3 and its upper end 15 approximately matched with the maximum water level below the water channel 3. All or a part of the opening 11 is always immersed in water. Therefore, the side wall opening 11 can always be a habitat such as a resting place, a retreating place, a spawning place, etc. for aquatic animals.

  Further, as described above, since the ratio of the total area of all the bottom openings 9 to the area of the bottom surface 10 of the water channel viewed in the extending direction of the water channel 3 is set to about 15%, it is preferable for the ecosystem as described above. The environment can be formed and the required water flow capacity can be secured. However, since the total area of the bottom opening 9 where aquatic plants thrive is set to about 15%, it is possible to solve the conventional problem that a lot of labor is required for mowing maintenance in order to secure the water flow capacity.

  Further, since the chestnut filling portion 12 is provided on the back side of the side wall opening 11, groundwater on the back side of the channel side wall portion 6 is quickly discharged into the water channel 3 through the chestnut filling portion 12. Since the groundwater is discharged in this way, the water channel 3 can be prevented from rising due to buoyancy, and the stability of the water channel can be improved. In addition, when the groundwater is discharged to the water channel 3 in this way, the suction prevention sheet 42 effectively prevents the inflow of earth and sand into the chestnut filling portion 12. And since the lower end 13 of the said side wall opening 11 is located below the minimum water level of the water channel 3, and the upper end 15 is substantially matched with the maximum water level of the water channel 3, this chestnut filling part 12 is irrespective of the water depth. At least the lower end side of the side wall opening 11 is usually in a submerged state. Thus, the side wall opening 65 in the submerged state can also function as a fish nest. And even when the flow velocity becomes maximum during the water increase period, such as during rainfall or irrigation, the side wall opening in the submerged state is convenient as a place for escape of fish and the like.

The present invention is by no means limited to those shown in the above-described embodiments, and it goes without saying that various design changes can be made within the scope of the claims. One example is as follows.
(1) In the present invention, the arrangement interval of the bottom openings 9 as viewed in the extending direction of the water channel 3 is 10 cm to 500 cm, as shown in FIG. 15, the single bottom opening 9 is in the length direction of the water channel. As shown in FIG. 16, in addition to arranging a plurality of bottom openings 9 at intervals of 10 cm, for example, at intervals of 10 cm and further at intervals of 10 cm as shown in FIG. This includes the case where a plurality are arranged. The lower limit (10 cm) is set so that free movement of fish and the like in the discontinuous portion 61 between the aquatic plant overgrowth portions 60 and 60 is not hindered, and the water in the internal space of the aquatic plant overgrowth portion 60 It is set so that water can flow into the internal space or the like through the interrupted portion 61 to such an extent that oxygen shortage can be prevented.
Thus, when setting the space | interval between the bottom part openings 9 and 9 seen in the extension direction of a water channel large, as shown to FIGS. 15-16, the water channel block 17 or the water channel construction block 66 in which the bottom part opening 9 was provided. And a water channel is constructed | assembled with the combination with the water channel block 70 in which the bottom part opening 9 is not provided.

(2) FIG. 17 shows another embodiment of the ecosystem-friendly waterway structure 1 according to the present invention, in which the bottom opening 9 provided in the waterway bottom part 5 is provided in a staggered state rather than a left-right facing state. Yes. For example, as shown in FIG. 17, the water channel bottom portion 5 is constructed by laying the water channel block 17 provided with the bottom opening 9 only on one side portion of the bottom plate 20 alternately in the left and right direction, It may be constructed with a water channel block 17 not provided with a bottom opening 9 interposed therebetween. Further, as shown in FIG. 18, another channel building block 71 in which the bottom opening 9 is not provided in the bottom plate portion 69 is connected to the water channel building block 66 in which the bottom opening 9 is provided in the bottom plate portion 69, and the bottom portion It may be constructed by placing the concrete between the bottom plate portions 69, 69 so that the opening 9 is not left and right opposed. In FIG. 19, for example, a bottom opening 9 is provided only on one side of the water channel bottom 5 of the water channel 5 constructed using the water channel block 17.
Even in the water channel constructed in this manner, aquatic plants grow in the bottom opening 9 so that a habitat space for fish and the like can be formed. Moreover, since the overgrowth of aquatic plants is specified in the side part of the water channel bottom part 5 provided with the bottom part opening 9, the water flow capability of a water channel is ensured favorable.

  (3) The shape of the bottom opening 9 in plan view may be set in various forms such as a circular shape, a rhombus shape, a hexagonal shape, an elliptical shape and a hexagonal shape that are long in the extending direction of the water channel, in addition to the rectangular shape.

  (4) In the present invention, providing the side wall opening 11 so as to be positioned above the bottom opening 9 means that the side wall opening is within the range of the front-rear width of the bottom opening 9 (the width viewed in the direction of extension of the water channel). 11 is included, and for example, the modes shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 are also included.

  (5) FIG. 22 shows another embodiment of the side wall opening 11, and the lower end 13 of the side wall opening 11 is set flush with the bottom surface 10 of the water channel.

  (6) When the wooden covering material 16 is pasted on the inner surface 53 of the water channel side wall portion 6, all the wooden covering materials 16 may be pasted with the axis of the water channel extending direction. In this case, it is preferable that the wooden covering material 16 is pasted so as to cross the side wall opening 11 and not to block the side wall opening 11 with a space between the upper and lower wooden covering materials 16, 16.

  (7) The wooden covering material 16 may be attached by an adhesive means in addition to the bolt fixing.

  (8) As shown in FIG. 23, the side wall opening 11 provided in the water channel side wall portion 6 may also be provided in a portion not corresponding to the bottom opening 9. By providing the chestnut filling portion 12 on the back surface side of the side wall opening 11 thus provided, the side wall opening 11 is also provided in the water channel 3 in the same manner as the side wall opening 11 provided corresponding to the bottom opening 9. In addition to having a function of discharging groundwater, it can function as a fish nest when the water level is high.

  (9) In the present invention, the water channel 3 may be constructed in a meandering state instead of a straight state.

It is a perspective view explaining the channel structure concerning the present invention. FIG. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the connection state of a water channel block. It is a perspective view which shows a water channel block. FIG. It is sectional drawing explaining the construction process of a chestnut filling part. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which bolted the wooden coating | covering material to the inner surface of the water channel side wall part. It is sectional drawing which shows the prosperous state of the aquatic plant in a water channel bottom part. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the other aspect of the water channel structure which concerns on this invention. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the state which laid the waterway construction block on the right and left of the ground. It is sectional drawing which shows the prosperous state of the aquatic plant in the water channel bottom part of the water channel constructed | assembled using the water channel construction block. It is a top view which shows the other arrangement | positioning state of bottom part opening. It is a top view which shows the other arrangement | positioning state of bottom part opening. It is a top view which shows the other arrangement | positioning state of bottom part opening. It is a top view which shows the other arrangement | positioning state of bottom part opening. It is a top view which shows the other arrangement | positioning state of bottom part opening. It is sectional drawing which shows the other aspect of the side wall opening provided corresponding to the bottom part opening. It is sectional drawing which shows the other aspect of the side wall opening provided corresponding to the bottom part opening. It is a perspective view which shows the water channel which set the lower end of side wall opening to the bottom face of a water channel. It is a perspective view which shows the water channel which provided the side wall opening also in the part which does not correspond to bottom part opening. It is sectional drawing which shows the conventional water channel structure. It is sectional drawing which shows the other aspect of the conventional water channel structure.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water channel structure 3 Water channel 5 Water channel bottom part 6 Water channel side wall part 9 Bottom part opening 10 Bottom part of water channel 11 Side wall opening 12 Kuriishi filling part 13 Lower end of side wall opening 15 Upper end of side wall opening 16 Wooden covering material 17 Water channel block 19 Water channel part 20 Bottom plate 21 Side plate 40 Kuriishi 42 Suction prevention sheet 59 Aquatic plant 61 Discontinuous part 66 Waterway building block 67 Side plate part 69 Bottom plate part

Claims (2)

In a water channel in which the water channel bottom part and the water channel side wall parts on both sides thereof are made of concrete, a bottom part opening penetrating the water channel bottom part is provided in a side part of the water channel bottom part, and the bottom part opening as seen in the extending direction of the water channel The arrangement interval is set to 10 cm to 500 cm, and the ratio of the total area of all the bottom openings to the area of the bottom surface of the water channel is an ecosystem-friendly water channel structure set to 10 to 30% ,
Each of the water channel side walls is provided with a side wall opening so as to be positioned above the bottom opening corresponding to the bottom opening.
The back surface side of the side wall opening is covered with a chestnut filling portion provided on the back side of the water channel side wall portion over the upper and lower ends, and the chestnut stone filling portion has a particle size that does not spill out from the side wall opening. Of chestnuts, filled with a gap between them ,
Further, the lower end of the side wall opening is positioned 10 to 15 cm above the bottom surface of the water channel, and the upper end of the side wall opening is set to a position of 80 to 90% of the water channel height which is the maximum water level of the water channel. ecosystem friendly water channel, characterized by that.   The wood covering material formed by halving the thinned material on both sides of the side wall opening is attached to the inner surface of the water channel side wall portion with the length direction thereof being vertically arranged. Eco-friendly waterway structure.

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