JP4061556B2 - 水素量センサーおよび水素貯蔵装置 - Google Patents
水素量センサーおよび水素貯蔵装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4061556B2 JP4061556B2 JP2005234523A JP2005234523A JP4061556B2 JP 4061556 B2 JP4061556 B2 JP 4061556B2 JP 2005234523 A JP2005234523 A JP 2005234523A JP 2005234523 A JP2005234523 A JP 2005234523A JP 4061556 B2 JP4061556 B2 JP 4061556B2
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- hydrogen
- hydrogen storage
- sensor
- amount sensor
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 195
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 194
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 194
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000878 H alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001203 Alloy 20 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005421 electrostatic potential Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/005—H2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0031—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
- F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
- G01N27/4073—Composition or fabrication of the solid electrolyte
- G01N27/4074—Composition or fabrication of the solid electrolyte for detection of gases other than oxygen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
他の方法として、水素流量積算計を用いて放出したガス量を算出し、初期の貯蔵量から差し引く方法が考えられる。この方法は有力ではあるが、このような方法は間接的であり、他の直接測定ができる方法との併用することが必要と考えられる。
なお、このような水素貯蔵合金型水素燃料容器は、取扱上の利便性から将来的にはカッセトタイプとなることが推定される。従って、水素量センサーはこのカッセトタイプの水素燃料容器内の水素燃料インジケータとして設置できるものが好ましい。
本発明の水素量センサーを有する水素貯蔵装置の第1の実施の形態を図1に示す。この水素貯蔵装置1は、一端が封止された筒状の容器10と、この容器10の他端側に開口する開閉弁12付きのポート14と、容器10内の空間16に収容された水素貯蔵合金(水素貯蔵部)18と、図示しない温度調整機構とを備えている。水素貯蔵合金としては、例えば、Mg2Ni合金(水素放出温度250℃程度)やTiFeNiZi系合金(同120〜160℃程度)などのものが想定される。
(1)水素の固体電解質(燐タングステン酸など)粉末を溶媒に溶かし、液状にする。
(2)固体電解質が位置する空間(型)に構造補強材を埋め、電極を組み立てる。
(3)液状にした水素電解質を構造補強材に流し込む。
(4)液状の水素電解質が固化したところでセンサーの原型が出来る。
値は水素濃度に依存して変化する。図の中に現れるEMF 値=一定のところは、この合金中の水素の状態がα相+β相の2相が混在していることを意味している。すなわち、このセンサー部32において、水素貯蔵合金内の水素量の定量的な測定が可能な領域は、水素が十分に存在するβ相の濃度領域に限られる。残存水素量が少なくなってきたことを意味するα相+β相の領域に入ると、その領域内の水素量の定量的な検出はできない。また、α相の単一領域に入ると再びEMF値は水素濃度に依存した変化を示すが、このα相での水素量は極微量であり、水素燃料がゼロに近い状態にある。従って、α相+β相を検知した時点で水素の再充填を促すことが必要である。なお、水素貯蔵量はこの水素貯蔵合金の体積あるいは重量に比例する。
10 水素貯蔵容器
12 開閉弁
14 ポート
16 空間
18 水素貯蔵合金、貯蔵用合金
20 貫通口
22 センサホルダ
23 天板
24 メタルシール
26,26a 電解質体
28 基準電極
30 検出電極
32、32A、32a、32b センサー部
34 配線
36 絶縁管
38 引き出し線
40 圧縮バネ
42 温度調整装置
42a マイクロヒータ
42b 温度計
44 検出用合金
50 制御装置
54 燃料計
62 換算回路
Claims (5)
- 水素貯蔵容器の内部に配置された水素貯蔵合金からなる検出電極と、
前記検出電極と対向して配置された基準電極と、
前記検出電極および基準電極の間に配置された固体電解質体とを備え、
前記検出電極、基準電極および固体電解質体によって、前記水素貯蔵合金中の水素濃度を起電力値として計測するセンサー部が設けられている水素量センサーにおいて、
異なる素材の水素貯蔵合金からなる少なくとも2つの検出電極が設けられ、これにより少なくとも2つの異なるセンサー部が設けられていることを特徴とする水素量センサー。 - 前記2つのセンサーを一体のセンサホルダに組み込んだことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の水素量センサー。
- 前記基準電極は水素ガスに対して前記検出電極よりも活性な材料であることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の水素量センサー。
- 請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれかに記載の水素量センサーを有することを特徴とする水素量表示装置。
- 請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれかに記載の水素量センサーを有することを特徴とする水素貯蔵装置。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005234523A JP4061556B2 (ja) | 2005-08-12 | 2005-08-12 | 水素量センサーおよび水素貯蔵装置 |
CA2618789A CA2618789C (en) | 2005-08-12 | 2006-04-11 | Hydrogen quantity sensor and hydrogen storage device using the same |
US11/990,277 US8273229B2 (en) | 2005-08-12 | 2006-04-11 | Hydrogen quantity sensor and hydrogen storage device using the same |
PCT/JP2006/307593 WO2007020732A1 (ja) | 2005-08-12 | 2006-04-11 | 水素量センサーおよび水素貯蔵装置 |
EP06731540A EP1914543A1 (en) | 2005-08-12 | 2006-04-11 | Hydrogen amount sensor and hydrogen storage device |
CN2006800288281A CN101248350B (zh) | 2005-08-12 | 2006-04-11 | 氢量传感器以及氢贮存装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005234523A JP4061556B2 (ja) | 2005-08-12 | 2005-08-12 | 水素量センサーおよび水素貯蔵装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2007047125A JP2007047125A (ja) | 2007-02-22 |
JP4061556B2 true JP4061556B2 (ja) | 2008-03-19 |
Family
ID=37757401
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005234523A Expired - Fee Related JP4061556B2 (ja) | 2005-08-12 | 2005-08-12 | 水素量センサーおよび水素貯蔵装置 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8273229B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1914543A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4061556B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101248350B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2618789C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007020732A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4686726B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-20 | 2011-05-25 | 国立大学法人 新潟大学 | 水素センサ |
JP5201593B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-30 | 2013-06-05 | 国立大学法人 新潟大学 | 高濃度水素ガスセンサー |
US8052784B2 (en) * | 2009-05-01 | 2011-11-08 | Empire Technology Development Llc | Hydrogen storage and release system |
US8337081B1 (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2012-12-25 | Honeywell International Inc. | Sensor assembly for mounting a temperature sensor to a tank |
KR101245332B1 (ko) * | 2012-10-19 | 2013-03-19 | 한국지질자원연구원 | 금속수소화물 탱크 해석용 수치모델의 산출 방법 |
KR101306584B1 (ko) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-09-10 | 한국지질자원연구원 | Mh 합금 탱크 해석용 수치모델의 알고리즘 |
US9995615B2 (en) | 2013-02-12 | 2018-06-12 | Intelligent Energy Inc. | Hydrogen generator with fuel gauge |
WO2014126546A1 (en) * | 2013-02-12 | 2014-08-21 | Intelligent Energy, Inc. | Hydrogen generator with fuel gauge |
JP6146713B2 (ja) * | 2013-09-06 | 2017-06-14 | 国立研究開発法人日本原子力研究開発機構 | プロトン導電性セラミックスを用いた水素濃度計 |
JP6165343B2 (ja) * | 2013-09-12 | 2017-07-19 | コリア・アドバンスト・インスティテュート・オブ・サイエンス・アンド・テクノロジー | 液体内の溶存水素ガス濃度測定用水素センサ素子およびこれを用いた水素ガス濃度測定方法 |
EP2848901B1 (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2021-08-18 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Method of, and apparatus for, monitoring the available resources of a gas cylinder |
JP6282301B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-24 | 2018-02-21 | 株式会社日本製鋼所 | 水素残量センサ |
JP6749274B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-29 | 2020-09-02 | 株式会社日本製鋼所 | 水素量検出装置および水素貯蔵合金容器 |
US10731895B2 (en) | 2018-01-04 | 2020-08-04 | Ademco Inc. | Mounting adaptor for mounting a sensor assembly to a water heater tank |
CN113588881A (zh) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-02 | 武汉氢阳能源有限公司 | 一种有机液体储氢材料可用氢气量的在线监测方法 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63281041A (ja) | 1987-05-14 | 1988-11-17 | Toshiba Corp | 測定用電極 |
JP2645558B2 (ja) | 1987-07-27 | 1997-08-25 | フィガロ技研株式会社 | 金属中水素の検出方法 |
DE19623212A1 (de) * | 1996-06-11 | 1997-12-18 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Sensor zur Bestimmung der Konzentration oxidierbarer Bestandteile in einem Gasgemisch |
JP2895020B2 (ja) | 1997-03-31 | 1999-05-24 | 助川電気工業株式会社 | 固体表層からの放出ガス測定方法 |
DE10125546B4 (de) * | 2001-05-23 | 2005-12-29 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Verfahren zum reversiblen Speichern von gasförmigem Wasserstoff und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
RU2196322C1 (ru) * | 2001-08-20 | 2003-01-10 | Попов Андрей Вениаминович | Сенсор для анализа газа-окислителя и способ его изготовления |
JP2004138217A (ja) * | 2002-10-21 | 2004-05-13 | Toyota Industries Corp | 水素貯蔵タンク |
-
2005
- 2005-08-12 JP JP2005234523A patent/JP4061556B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-04-11 EP EP06731540A patent/EP1914543A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-04-11 CA CA2618789A patent/CA2618789C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-04-11 CN CN2006800288281A patent/CN101248350B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-04-11 WO PCT/JP2006/307593 patent/WO2007020732A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-04-11 US US11/990,277 patent/US8273229B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1914543A1 (en) | 2008-04-23 |
JP2007047125A (ja) | 2007-02-22 |
CN101248350A (zh) | 2008-08-20 |
US20090309603A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
WO2007020732A1 (ja) | 2007-02-22 |
CA2618789A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
US8273229B2 (en) | 2012-09-25 |
CA2618789C (en) | 2013-05-28 |
CN101248350B (zh) | 2011-11-16 |
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