JP4040524B2

JP4040524B2 - Sediment drilling suction device

Info

Publication number: JP4040524B2
Application number: JP2003123935A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 弘道前川; 聖佐野; 宗孝玉井; 尚哉廣瀬; 良二山▲崎▼; 英一和田
Original assignee: IHI Corp
Current assignee: IHI Corp
Priority date: 2003-04-28
Filing date: 2003-04-28
Publication date: 2008-01-30
Anticipated expiration: 2023-04-28
Also published as: JP2004324356A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、土砂中の埋設物を損傷することなく土砂を掘削する土砂掘削吸引装置に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
土砂を掘削する装置としては、パワーショベルやオーガ等のように機械的に掘削するものが主に用いられているが、土砂中に埋設物がある場合には、埋設物を損傷しないで掘削するために、圧縮空気を利用した掘削方法が採用されている。
【０００３】
この掘削方法は、掘削ノズルを通して圧縮空気を土砂に吹き付けてその表面を崩した後、吸引筒を通して土砂を吸引して掘削する方法である。従来、掘削ノズルと吸引筒はそれぞれ独立して別々に設けられており、圧縮空気の吹き付けと土砂の吸引は別個に行わなければならないので効率が悪いものであった。特に、遠隔で操作を行わなければならない場合には、各ノズルに対して作動装置を設ける必要があり、作業効率及び操作性の悪化を招いていた。
【０００４】
そこで近年では、土砂に圧縮空気を吹き付けるための掘削ノズルと、土砂を吸引するための吸引筒とを一体的に設けた装置が用いられるようになってきている（例えば特許文献１参照）。
【０００５】
特許文献１の装置は、筒状体の内周縁部より圧縮空気を吹き付け、中心側より突き崩された土砂を吸引するようにしたことによって、地中深くへ土砂を掘り下げていくものである。
【０００６】
【特許文献１】
特許第２９０１７３３号公報
【０００７】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、吸引筒については、その吸引能力は吸引筒と土砂との間隔に大きく依存し、吸引能力を高めるには、上記間隔を小さくしなければ、吸引風量を増やしても対応できないことが判った。具体的には、吸引筒と土砂との間隔が狭い（２０ｍｍ程度）場合には、吸引空気は吸引筒と土砂間を流れるため、土砂表面の空気の流速は速く効率的に吸引されるが、吸引筒と土砂との間隔が広い（５０ｍｍ程度）場合には、吸引空気流は吸引筒の先端部に集中し、土砂表面の空気の流速は遅く吸引効率は低下してしまう。
【０００８】
上述の装置では、吸引筒を最初土砂表面に合わせても、土砂が吸引されると土砂平面が低下するため土砂と吸引筒の間隔が開き、吸引能力が低下してしまう。そこで、土砂の掘削に応じて吸引ノズルを降下させることも考えられるが、吸引筒と土砂との間隔を適度な長さ（２０ｍｍ程度）に保ちながら降下させるのは非常に困難である。
【０００９】
また、埋設物を発掘する場合等には、水平方向に均一的に土砂を掘削していくことが求められる。しかし、上述の装置は、縦方向に穴を掘削するものであるため、水平方向に均一的に土砂を掘削するには、装置をセットして所定深さ掘削した後移動させて再度セットして掘削するといった作業を繰り返して行わなければならず、非常に多くの手間と時間を要するといった問題が発生する。
【００１０】
ここで仮に、上記装置を水平方向に移動させるとすると、移動方向後方では、溝状に形成された穴の底面の土砂と吸引筒との間隔が大きくなってしまい、この間隔から空気が吸引され土砂表面の空気の流れが殆どなくなってしまうため、吸引効率が低下してしまうという問題が発生する。
【００１１】
そこで、本発明は上記問題を解決するために案出されたものであって、水平方向に移動させつつ土砂を効率的に吸引して掘削できる土砂掘削吸引装置を提供することを目的とする。
【００１２】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、掘削すべき地面上に略垂直に立設して設けられると共に地面に沿って横移動される筒体状に形成した吸引筒内に、地面に向けて圧縮空気を吹き付けて掘削する掘削ノズルを設け、その掘削ノズルから吹き出された圧縮空気で地面の土砂を崩すと共に、上記吸引筒の下端より掘削土砂を吸引空気と共に吸い込んで掘削する土砂掘削吸引装置であって、上記吸引筒の下端周囲に、その吸引筒と上記地面間の隙間を覆うようにブラシ部材を設け、上記吸引筒に、掘削により低下する地面と上記ブラシ部材の下端間の隙間をブラシ部材の外周側から覆いつつ所定量の空気を通過させる延長被覆部材を上下移動自在に設けた土砂掘削吸引装置である。
【００１３】
そして、上記ブラシ部材は、カーボン等からなる線条体を、所定の厚さで平面状に束ねて形成されるものが好ましい。
【００１４】
また、上記ブラシ部材は、吸引筒の下端外周に昇降自在に設けられるものが好ましい。
【００１５】
さらに、上記吸引筒内に、圧縮空気を地面に対して垂直に吹き付ける掘削ノズルが複数整列されて設けられるものが好ましい。
【００１６】
そして、上記吸引筒は、ショベルカー等の移動手段に取り付けられ、掘削ノズルの整列方向に対して直交する方向に横移動されるものが好ましい。
【００１７】
また、上記吸引筒は断面四角形状に形成され、上記ブラシ部材は、上記吸引筒の辺ごとに分割して形成され、分割されたブラシ部材がそれぞれ個別に昇降できるように構成されたものが好ましい。
【００１８】
上記掘削ノズルの先端を上記吸引筒の下端と略同等の高さになるように配置したものが好ましい。
【００１９】
また、上記吸引筒には、土砂と空気を分離する土砂分離槽が接続され、その土砂分離槽を通して吸引筒から空気を吸引する吸引装置に接続され、上記掘削ノズルは、圧縮空気を間欠的に吹き付けるように構成されたものが好ましい。
【００２０】
また、掘削すべき地面上に略垂直に立設して設けられると共に地面に沿って横移動される筒体状に形成した吸引筒内に、地面に向けて圧縮空気を吹き付けて掘削する掘削ノズルを設け、その掘削ノズルから吹き出された圧縮空気で地面の土砂を崩すと共に、上記吸引筒の下端より掘削土砂を吸引空気と共に吸い込んで掘削する土砂掘削吸引装置であって、上記吸引筒の下端周囲に、その吸引筒と上記地面間の隙間を覆うように下端にスリットが形成されたゴム板を設け、上記吸引筒に、掘削により低下する地面と上記ゴム板の下端間の隙間をゴム板の外周側から覆いつつ所定量の空気を通過させる延長被覆部材を上下移動自在に設けた土砂掘削吸引装置である。
【００２１】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の好適な実施の形態を添付図面に基づいて説明する。
【００２２】
図３に示すように、本実施の形態に係る土砂掘削吸引装置１は、地面２に臨んで設けられる空気掘削機本体３と、空気掘削機本体３で吸引された土砂と空気を分離させる土砂分離槽４と、その土砂分離槽４を通して空気掘削機本体３から空気を吸引する吸引装置５と、空気掘削機本体３に圧縮空気を供給するためのコンプレッサ６とを備えている。
【００２３】
空気掘削機本体３と土砂分離槽４、土砂分離槽４と吸引装置５はそれぞれ吸引ホース７を介して接続されている。空気掘削機本体３とコンプレッサ６は圧縮空気ホース８を介して接続されている。
【００２４】
吸引装置５は、土砂分離槽４からの空気中に残るダストを除去するフィルタ９と、空気掘削機本体３の先端から空気を吸引するためのブロワ１１とを備えている。フィルタ９の下部には、除去されたダストを排出するためのスクリュコンベヤ（図示せず）が設けられている。
【００２５】
図中、１２は、空気掘削機本体３や吸引ホース７の内部を洗浄するための洗浄水１６を溜める洗浄水回収槽を示す。洗浄水回収槽１２には、空気掘削機本体３に繋がる給水ホース１３が接続され、給水ホース１３の途中には洗浄水１６を空気掘削機本体３内に供給するためのポンプ１４が設けられている。洗浄水回収槽１２には、土砂分離槽４に繋がる回収ホース１５が接続されており、洗浄時に空気掘削機本体３と吸引ホース７の内部を流れた洗浄水１６を土砂分離槽４を通して回収するようになっている。
【００２６】
図１に示すように、空気掘削機本体３は、掘削すべき地面２上に略垂直に立設される筒体状に形成した吸引筒２１と、この吸引筒２１内に設けられ地面２に向けて圧縮空気を吹き付ける掘削ノズル２２とを備えている。空気掘削機本体３は、掘削ノズル２２から吹き出された圧縮空気で地面２の土砂を崩すと共に、吸引筒２１の下端より掘削土砂を吸引空気と共に吸い込んで掘削するようになっている。
【００２７】
吸引筒２１の下部２１ｂは、断面が例えば一辺約１００ｍｍの正方形状に形成されている。吸引筒２１の上端には、ねじ込み金具２３が設けられており、吸引筒２１はねじ込み金具２３を介して吸引ホース（図３参照）７に接続されている。なお、吸引筒２１の下部２１ｂは掘削する土砂に応じて形状を変えられるように、取替可能となっている。なお、吸引筒２１の断面形状は四角形状に限られるものではなく、円形、楕円形或いは多角形状であってもよい。
【００２８】
掘削ノズル２２は、管部２２ｂと、その先端に取り付けられたノズルチップ２２ｃとで構成されている。掘削ノズル２２は複数（本実施の形態では３個）設けられており、複数の管部２２ｂが、ヘッダ２４を介してコンプレッサ６から延びる圧縮空気ホース８に接続されている。ヘッダ２４は、吸引筒２１の外側に設けられており、このヘッダ２４から分岐した複数の管部２２ｂがそれぞれ吸引筒２１の側壁を貫通して内部に挿入されている。各掘削ノズル２２は、吸引筒２１の内部でその内周面の一辺に対して平行になるように横方向に直線状に整列されている。ノズルチップ２２ｃは、地面２に対して垂直に圧縮空気を吹き付けるように真下に向いて設けられている。ノズルチップ２２ｃは、内径φ８ｍｍやφ１０ｍｍ程度のものが用いられ、掘削する土砂に応じて内径を変えられるように、取替可能となっている。掘削ノズル２２の先端は、吸引筒２１の下端と略同等の高さになるように配置されている。
【００２９】
吸引筒２１には、洗浄水（図３参照）１６の給水ホース１３が接続され、洗浄時に吸引筒２１の内部に洗浄水１６を供給するようになっている。給水ホース１３は、圧縮空気ホース８側にも延出して接続されており、掘削ノズル２２にも洗浄水１６を供給して洗浄するようになっている。給水ホース１３と圧縮空気ホース８間には電磁弁２５が設けられており、掘削ノズル２２への圧縮空気と洗浄水１６の供給を切り替えるようになっている。
【００３０】
吸引筒２１の側部には、ショベルカーやロボット等の移動手段のアームの先端を接続するためのブラケット２６が設けられており、ショベルカーを移動させることによって、空気掘削機本体３を移動させるようになっている。本実施の形態では、空気掘削機本体３は、掘削ノズル２２の整列方向に対して直交する方向に横移動させる。
【００３１】
さて、本発明は、吸引筒２１の下端に、吸引筒２１と地面２間を覆うブラシ部材３１を設けたことを特徴とする。ブラシ部材３１は、カーボン等からなる線条体３２を所定の厚さになるように平面状に束ねて形成されている。線条体３２は、その上端を二枚のプレート３３で挟み込むことによって束ねられている。ブラシ部材３１は吸引筒２１の辺方向に分割して形成されている。具体的には、ブラシ部材３１は、吸引筒２１の一辺の長さ相当に形成され、吸引筒２１下端の外周四面にプレート３３を気密に当接させてボルト等を介して固定されている。なお、ブラシ部材３１は、地面２と吸引筒２１との隙間を覆うことができる形状であれば、四角形に限られるものではなく、円形、楕円形或いは多角形状を分割したものであってもよい。
【００３２】
ブラシ部材３１は、高さが約１００ｍｍに形成されており、吸引筒２１の下端が地面から１００ｍｍの高さより若干低くなるように、すなわちブラシ部材３１の下端が常に地面２に接触するように、空気掘削機本体３が支持される。
【００３３】
ブラシ部材３１の外周側には、掘削よって低下した地面２の土砂とブラシ部材３１の下端間の隙間を覆いつつ所定量の空気を通過させる延長被覆部材３４が上下移動自在に設けられている。
【００３４】
延長被覆部材３４は、吸引筒２１の辺方向に分割して形成されている。具体的には、延長被覆部材３４は、吸引筒２１の一辺の長さ相当に形成されて、吸引筒２１の４つの各面毎に設けられることとなる。
【００３５】
図２に示すように、延長被覆部材３４は、例えば厚さ１０ｍｍ程度の天然ゴムのゴム板３５にて構成され、下端に縦方向に延びるスリット３６が所定ピッチで形成されている。ゴム板３５は高さが１３０〜１７０ｍｍ程度で、スリット３６が高さ３０〜４０ｍｍ程度、幅１〜４ｍｍ程度、ピッチ１０〜１５ｍｍ程度に形成されている。ゴム板３５は、スリット３６間部分が適度に吸引筒２１の内側に捲れることによって、所定量の空気を吸引筒２１の内部に流れ込ませることができる。
【００３６】
ゴム板３５の上部にはこれを把持する把持部３７が形成され、その上部に上下方向に延びる一対のロッド３８が形成されている。ロッド３８の上端にはストッパ３９が、ロッド３８間に架け渡されている。
【００３７】
吸引筒２１の側面には、ロッド３８が摺動自在に挿通する穴を有する把持部４１が取付ステー４３を介して設けられており、ロッド３８を上下移動自在に支持するようになっている。把持部４１の上部には、ロッド３８を含む延長被覆部材３４が下降したときにストッパ３９が当接するスペーサ４４が設けられている。
【００３８】
ストッパ３９の上部には、延長被覆部材３４を上下移動させるための伸縮シリンダ（図１参照）４５が設けられている。伸縮シリンダ４５は吸引筒２１の側面にブラケット４６を介して支持されている。吸引筒２１の各面に設けられた伸縮シリンダ４５はそれぞれ個別に伸縮可能であり、各延長被覆部材３４は個別に上下動自在となっている。
【００３９】
掘削ノズル２２に圧縮空気を送る圧縮空気ホース８には、ダイヤフラムバルブ４７が設けられており、このダイヤフラムバルブ４７の開閉時間を設定することによって、圧縮空気の吹き出し時間を調整するようになっている（例えば１ｓｅｃ毎に０．１ｓｅｃ吹き出す）。
【００４０】
上記構成の土砂掘削吸引装置１で、土砂を掘削するには、まず、延長被覆部材３４を上昇させて、延長被覆部材３４の下端とブラシ部材３１の下端とを同じ高さにしておき、ブラシ部材３１の下端が掘削すべき地面２に接するように空気掘削機本体３をショベルカーで移動させてセットする。
【００４１】
そして、吸引装置５及びコンプレッサ６を駆動させて、地面２の掘削を開始する。吸引筒２１の吸引流量は６０ｍ³／ｍｉｎで掘削ノズル２２の掘削圧力は０．７ＭＰａに設定されている。このとき、ブラシ部材３１は、吸引筒２１と地面２の隙間を覆いつつ所定量の空気を通過させるので、ブラシ部材３１が地面２に接していれけば、効率的に土砂が吸引されることとなり、従来のように吸引筒２１と地面２との高さ調整をシビアに行わなくても吸引効率が低下することはなく、ショベルカーの操作も簡単なものになる。さらに、掘削ノズル２２から吹き出された圧縮空気によって土砂が吸引筒２１の外部に吹き飛ばされるのをブラシ部材３１によって防止できるので、吸引効率が向上する。
【００４２】
また、ダイヤフラムバルブ４７によって掘削ノズル２２から圧縮空気は間欠的に吹き出されるので、吹き上げられた土砂が効率的に吸引筒２１から吸引される。これは、間欠的に吹き出すことによって余分な圧縮空気が吹き出されず、地面２表面から上方に巻き上がった土砂が余分な圧縮空気により周囲や下方に吹き飛ばされなることがなく、吸引筒２１の吸引口に近づくためである。
【００４３】
そして、ショベルカーを作動させて、空気掘削機本体３を掘削ノズル２２の整列に対して直交する方向に横移動させる。このとき、掘削ノズル２２が進行方向に対して幅広に地面２を掘削するので、掘削残しが発生せず、地面２を広範囲に亘って均一的に掘削できる。また、掘削ノズル２２が吸引筒２１の内部に一体的に収容されているので、操作性が良く、遠隔操作であっても容易に作業を行うことができる。
【００４４】
掘削が進行すると、図１に示すように、横移動した後方に溝４８が形成されるので、ブラシ部材３１の下部には隙間が発生するが、ここで、その部分の延長被覆部材３４を下降させて隙間を塞ぐ。延長被覆部材３４は、下部にスリット３６が所定ピッチで設けられているので、隙間を塞ぎつつも、スリット３６間のゴム板３５が適度に捲れ、所定量の空気を吸引筒２１の内部に取り込むことができ、効率的な土砂の吸引が可能となる。
【００４５】
この延長被覆部材３４は、横移動される方向の側面側にも設けられているので、既に溝状に掘削された部分の横を掘削するときに、側面側に発生する隙間を塞ぐことができるので、常に効率的な土砂の吸引を行うことができる。
【００４６】
なお、上記実施の形態では、吸引筒２１の下端にブラシ部材３１を設けた構成を示したが、ブラシ部材３１の代わりに延長被覆部材３４と同様に下部にスリットが形成されたゴム板を設けてもよい。
【００４７】
また、上記実施の形態では、延長被覆部材３４をゴム板３５で構成しているが、これに限られるものではなく、ブラシ部材や他の可撓性を有する材料で形成してもよい。
【００４８】
さらに、上記実施の形態では、吸引筒２１に固定されたブラシ部材３１の外側に延長被覆部材３４を設けているが、ブラシ部材自体を上下移動可能に設けて、延長被覆部材を設けない構造としてもよい。
【００４９】
また、延長被覆部材３４を上下移動させる伸縮シリンダ４５の代わりに、延長被覆部材３４を下方に付勢するバネ部材をロッド３８に設けて、延長被覆部材３４の下端が地面２に常に接するようにしてもよい。
【００５０】
さらに、延長被覆部材３４を、錘または自重により下降させ、地面２に追従させるようにしてもよい。
【００５１】
このとき、延長被覆部材３４の下端に長手方向に延びるローラを設ければ、地面２を均すことができる。
【００５２】
【発明の効果】
以上要するに本発明によれば、水平方向に移動しつつ土砂を効率的に吸引して掘削することができるといった優れた効果を発揮する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に係る土砂掘削吸引装置の空気掘削機本体を示した（ａ）は側面図、（ｂ）は一部断面側面図、（ｃ）は水平方向断面図である。
【図２】本発明に係る土砂掘削吸引装置の延長被覆部材を示した（ａ）は平面図、（ｂ）は正面図、（ｃ）は側面図である。
【図３】本発明に係る土砂掘削吸引装置を示した全体構成図である。
【符号の説明】
１土砂掘削吸引装置
２地面
４土砂分離槽
５吸引装置
２１吸引筒
２２掘削ノズル
３１ブラシ部材
３２線条体
３４延長被覆部材[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a sediment excavation and suction device for excavating sediment without damaging buried objects in the sediment.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As equipment for excavating earth and sand, equipment that excavates mechanically, such as excavators and augers, is mainly used, but when there is an embedded object in the earth and sand, it is excavated without damaging the embedded object. Therefore, a drilling method using compressed air is adopted.
[0003]
In this excavation method, compressed air is blown onto the earth and sand through an excavation nozzle to break the surface, and then the earth and sand are sucked and excavated through a suction cylinder. Conventionally, the excavation nozzle and the suction cylinder are provided independently and separately, and the blowing of compressed air and the suction of earth and sand must be performed separately, which is inefficient. In particular, when the operation has to be performed remotely, it is necessary to provide an actuating device for each nozzle, leading to deterioration in work efficiency and operability.
[0004]
Therefore, in recent years, an apparatus in which an excavation nozzle for blowing compressed air to earth and sand and a suction cylinder for sucking earth and sand is integrated has been used (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0005]
The device of Patent Document 1 digs deeply into the ground by blowing compressed air from the inner peripheral edge of the cylindrical body and sucking the earth and sand collapsed from the center side.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent No. 2901733 gazette
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, with regard to the suction cylinder, the suction capacity greatly depends on the distance between the suction cylinder and the earth and sand, and it has been found that in order to increase the suction capacity, it is not possible to increase the suction air volume unless the distance is reduced. . Specifically, when the distance between the suction cylinder and the earth and sand is narrow (about 20 mm), since the suction air flows between the suction cylinder and the earth and sand, the flow velocity of the air on the earth and sand surface is quickly and efficiently sucked. When the distance between the suction cylinder and the earth and sand is wide (about 50 mm), the suction air flow is concentrated at the tip of the suction cylinder, and the air flow rate on the surface of the earth and sand is slow and the suction efficiency is lowered.
[0008]
In the above-described apparatus, even when the suction cylinder is first aligned with the surface of the earth and sand, when the earth and sand are sucked, the earth and sand plane is lowered, so that the distance between the earth and sand and the suction cylinder is increased, and the suction capacity is reduced. Thus, it is conceivable to lower the suction nozzle in accordance with excavation of earth and sand, but it is very difficult to lower the suction nozzle while maintaining an appropriate length (about 20 mm) between the suction cylinder and earth and sand.
[0009]
Moreover, when excavating buried objects, it is required to excavate earth and sand uniformly in the horizontal direction. However, since the above-mentioned device excavates holes in the vertical direction, in order to excavate earth and sand uniformly in the horizontal direction, set the device, excavate a predetermined depth, move it, and set it again. The task of excavation must be repeated, which causes a problem of requiring a great deal of labor and time.
[0010]
If the apparatus is moved in the horizontal direction, the distance between the earth and sand on the bottom surface of the hole formed in the groove shape and the suction cylinder becomes large behind the movement direction, and air is sucked from this distance. Since there is almost no air flow on the earth and sand surface, there arises a problem that the suction efficiency is lowered.
[0011]
Therefore, the present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a sediment excavation and suction device capable of efficiently excavating the soil while moving it in the horizontal direction.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-described object, the present invention is directed to the ground in a suction cylinder that is provided substantially vertically on the ground to be excavated and is formed in a cylindrical shape that is laterally moved along the ground. Sediment excavation and suction device for drilling by providing a drilling nozzle for drilling by blowing compressed air, crushing the earth and sand with the compressed air blown from the drilling nozzle, and sucking excavated sediment with suction air from the lower end of the suction cylinder a is, the lower end periphery of the suction tube, the suction tube and the ground between the brush member so as to cover a gap is provided, in the suction tube, the gap between the lower end of the ground and the brush member to be lowered by drilling Is an earth and sand excavation and suction device provided with an extended covering member that allows a predetermined amount of air to pass through while covering the outer periphery of the brush member .
[0013]
The brush member is preferably formed by bundling linear bodies made of carbon or the like in a planar shape with a predetermined thickness.
[0014]
The brush member is preferably provided on the outer periphery of the lower end of the suction cylinder so as to be movable up and down.
[0015]
Further, it is preferable that a plurality of excavation nozzles for blowing compressed air perpendicular to the ground are provided in the suction cylinder.
[0016]
And it is preferable that the said suction cylinder is attached to moving means, such as a shovel car, and is laterally moved in the direction orthogonal to the alignment direction of an excavation nozzle.
[0017]
Preferably, the suction cylinder is formed in a quadrangular cross section, and the brush member is divided and formed for each side of the suction cylinder, and the divided brush members can be individually moved up and down. .
[0018]
What arrange | positioned so that the front-end | tip of the said excavation nozzle may become substantially the same height as the lower end of the said suction cylinder is preferable.
[0019]
The suction cylinder is connected to a sediment separation tank that separates sediment and air, and is connected to a suction device that sucks air from the suction cylinder through the sediment separation tank, and the excavation nozzle intermittently compresses compressed air. Those configured to spray are preferred.
[0020]
An excavation nozzle that is provided by standing vertically on the ground to be excavated and that excavates by blowing compressed air toward the ground in a suction cylinder formed in a cylindrical shape that is laterally moved along the ground. A soil excavation and suction device for digging by crushing the ground with compressed air blown from the lower end of the suction cylinder together with the suction air. A rubber plate having a slit formed at the lower end so as to cover the gap between the suction cylinder and the ground, and the suction cylinder has a gap between the ground and the lower end of the rubber plate that is lowered by excavation. This is an earth and sand excavation and suction device provided with an extended covering member that allows a predetermined amount of air to pass through while being covered from the outer peripheral side so as to be movable up and down .
[0021]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0022]
As shown in FIG. 3, the earth and sand excavation and suction device 1 according to the present embodiment includes an air excavator main body 3 provided facing the ground 2, and earth and sand that separates the air and sand sucked by the air excavator main body 3. A separation tank 4, a suction device 5 for sucking air from the air excavator body 3 through the earth and sand separation tank 4, and a compressor 6 for supplying compressed air to the air excavator body 3 are provided.
[0023]
The air excavator body 3 and the earth and sand separation tank 4, and the earth and sand separation tank 4 and the suction device 5 are connected to each other via a suction hose 7. The air excavator body 3 and the compressor 6 are connected via a compressed air hose 8.
[0024]
The suction device 5 includes a filter 9 for removing dust remaining in the air from the earth and sand separation tank 4 and a blower 11 for sucking air from the tip of the air excavator body 3. A screw conveyor (not shown) for discharging the removed dust is provided below the filter 9.
[0025]
In the figure, reference numeral 12 denotes a cleaning water recovery tank for storing cleaning water 16 for cleaning the inside of the air excavator body 3 and the suction hose 7. A water supply hose 13 connected to the air excavator main body 3 is connected to the cleaning water recovery tank 12, and a pump 14 for supplying cleaning water 16 into the air excavator main body 3 is provided in the middle of the water supply hose 13. Yes. A recovery hose 15 connected to the sediment separation tank 4 is connected to the cleaning water recovery tank 12, and the cleaning water 16 that has flowed through the air excavator body 3 and the suction hose 7 during the cleaning is recovered through the sediment separation tank 4. It is like that.
[0026]
As shown in FIG. 1, the air excavator main body 3 includes a suction cylinder 21 that is formed in a cylindrical shape standing substantially vertically on the ground 2 to be excavated, and a suction cylinder 21 provided in the suction cylinder 21 on the ground 2. And a drilling nozzle 22 that blows compressed air toward it. The air excavator main body 3 is configured to crush the earth and sand on the ground 2 with compressed air blown from the excavation nozzle 22 and to inhale excavation earth and sand together with suction air from the lower end of the suction cylinder 21 for excavation.
[0027]
The lower portion 21b of the suction cylinder 21 is formed in a square shape having a cross section of about 100 mm on a side, for example. A screw fitting 23 is provided at the upper end of the suction cylinder 21, and the suction cylinder 21 is connected to the suction hose (see FIG. 3) 7 through the screw fitting 23. In addition, the lower part 21b of the suction cylinder 21 can be replaced so that the shape can be changed according to the earth and sand to be excavated. The cross-sectional shape of the suction cylinder 21 is not limited to a square shape, and may be a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon.
[0028]
The excavation nozzle 22 is composed of a pipe portion 22b and a nozzle tip 22c attached to the tip thereof. A plurality of excavation nozzles 22 (three in this embodiment) are provided, and a plurality of pipe portions 22 b are connected to the compressed air hose 8 extending from the compressor 6 via the header 24. The header 24 is provided outside the suction cylinder 21, and a plurality of pipe portions 22 b branched from the header 24 are inserted through the side walls of the suction cylinder 21. Each excavation nozzle 22 is linearly aligned in the lateral direction so as to be parallel to one side of the inner peripheral surface of the suction cylinder 21. The nozzle tip 22c is provided facing downward so as to blow compressed air perpendicularly to the ground 2. The nozzle tip 22c has an inner diameter of about 8 mm or 10 mm, and can be replaced so that the inner diameter can be changed according to the earth and sand to be excavated. The tip of the excavation nozzle 22 is disposed so as to have a height substantially equal to the lower end of the suction cylinder 21.
[0029]
A water supply hose 13 for cleaning water (see FIG. 3) 16 is connected to the suction cylinder 21 so that the cleaning water 16 is supplied into the suction cylinder 21 during cleaning. The water supply hose 13 extends and is connected to the compressed air hose 8 side, and the cleaning water 16 is supplied to the excavation nozzle 22 for cleaning. An electromagnetic valve 25 is provided between the water supply hose 13 and the compressed air hose 8 so as to switch the supply of the compressed air and the cleaning water 16 to the excavation nozzle 22.
[0030]
A bracket 26 for connecting the tip of an arm of a moving means such as a shovel car or a robot is provided on the side of the suction cylinder 21, and the air excavator body 3 is moved by moving the shovel car. It is like that. In the present embodiment, the air excavator body 3 is moved laterally in a direction orthogonal to the alignment direction of the excavation nozzles 22.
[0031]
The present invention is characterized in that a brush member 31 that covers the space between the suction cylinder 21 and the ground 2 is provided at the lower end of the suction cylinder 21. The brush member 31 is formed by bundling linear bodies 32 made of carbon or the like in a flat shape so as to have a predetermined thickness. The linear body 32 is bundled by sandwiching its upper end between two plates 33. The brush member 31 is formed by being divided in the side direction of the suction cylinder 21. Specifically, the brush member 31 is formed corresponding to the length of one side of the suction cylinder 21, and is fixed through bolts or the like by causing the plate 33 to abut against the outer peripheral four surfaces of the lower end of the suction cylinder 21 in an airtight manner. The brush member 31 is not limited to a quadrilateral shape as long as it can cover the gap between the ground 2 and the suction cylinder 21, and may be a circular, elliptical, or polygonal shape. .
[0032]
The brush member 31 is formed to have a height of about 100 mm, and the lower end of the suction cylinder 21 is slightly lower than the height of 100 mm from the ground, that is, the lower end of the brush member 31 is always in contact with the ground 2. The air excavator body 3 is supported.
[0033]
On the outer peripheral side of the brush member 31, an extension covering member 34 that allows a predetermined amount of air to pass while covering a gap between the earth and sand of the ground 2 lowered by excavation and the lower end of the brush member 31 is provided movably up and down.
[0034]
The extension covering member 34 is formed by being divided in the side direction of the suction cylinder 21. Specifically, the extension covering member 34 is formed corresponding to the length of one side of the suction cylinder 21 and is provided on each of the four surfaces of the suction cylinder 21.
[0035]
As shown in FIG. 2, the extension covering member 34 is formed of a natural rubber rubber plate 35 having a thickness of about 10 mm, for example, and slits 36 extending in the vertical direction are formed at a lower end at a predetermined pitch. The rubber plate 35 has a height of about 130 to 170 mm, and the slits 36 are formed with a height of about 30 to 40 mm, a width of about 1 to 4 mm, and a pitch of about 10 to 15 mm. The rubber plate 35 can allow a predetermined amount of air to flow into the suction cylinder 21 by appropriately rolling the portion between the slits 36 inside the suction cylinder 21.
[0036]
A grip portion 37 that grips the rubber plate 35 is formed on the upper portion of the rubber plate 35, and a pair of rods 38 extending in the vertical direction is formed on the upper portion. A stopper 39 is bridged between the rods 38 at the upper end of the rod 38.
[0037]
A gripping portion 41 having a hole through which the rod 38 is slidably inserted is provided on a side surface of the suction cylinder 21 via an attachment stay 43 so as to support the rod 38 so as to be movable up and down. A spacer 44 with which the stopper 39 abuts when the extended covering member 34 including the rod 38 is lowered is provided above the grip 41.
[0038]
An extension cylinder (see FIG. 1) 45 for moving the extension covering member 34 up and down is provided on the stopper 39. The telescopic cylinder 45 is supported on the side surface of the suction cylinder 21 via a bracket 46. The telescopic cylinders 45 provided on each surface of the suction cylinder 21 can be individually expanded and contracted, and the respective extension covering members 34 are individually movable up and down.
[0039]
The compressed air hose 8 that sends compressed air to the excavation nozzle 22 is provided with a diaphragm valve 47. By setting the opening and closing time of the diaphragm valve 47, the compressed air blowing time is adjusted. (For example, it blows out 0.1 sec every 1 sec).
[0040]
In order to excavate earth and sand with the earth and sand excavation and suction device 1 having the above-described configuration, first, the extension covering member 34 is raised, and the lower end of the extension covering member 34 and the lower end of the brush member 31 are set to the same height. The air excavator body 3 is moved and set by an excavator so that the lower end of the member 31 is in contact with the ground 2 to be excavated.
[0041]
Then, the suction device 5 and the compressor 6 are driven to start excavation of the ground 2. The suction flow rate of the suction cylinder 21 is set to 60 m ³ / min, and the excavation pressure of the excavation nozzle 22 is set to 0.7 MPa. At this time, since the brush member 31 allows a predetermined amount of air to pass while covering the gap between the suction cylinder 21 and the ground 2, if the brush member 31 is in contact with the ground 2, the earth and sand can be sucked efficiently. Thus, the suction efficiency does not decrease even if the height of the suction cylinder 21 and the ground 2 is not adjusted severely as in the prior art, and the operation of the shovel car becomes simple. Furthermore, since the brush member 31 can prevent the earth and sand from being blown out of the suction cylinder 21 by the compressed air blown from the excavation nozzle 22, the suction efficiency is improved.
[0042]
Moreover, since the compressed air is intermittently blown from the excavation nozzle 22 by the diaphragm valve 47, the blown up earth and sand are efficiently sucked from the suction cylinder 21. This is because the excess compressed air is not blown out by intermittent blowing, and the earth and sand rolled up from the surface of the ground surface 2 is not blown away around and below by the excess compressed air, and the suction of the suction cylinder 21 This is to approach the mouth.
[0043]
Then, the excavator car is operated to move the air excavator body 3 laterally in a direction orthogonal to the alignment of the excavation nozzles 22. At this time, since the excavation nozzle 22 excavates the ground 2 wider than the traveling direction, no excavation residue is generated and the ground 2 can be excavated uniformly over a wide range. Further, since the excavation nozzle 22 is integrally accommodated in the suction cylinder 21, the operability is good and the operation can be easily performed even by remote operation.
[0044]
As the excavation progresses, as shown in FIG. 1, a groove 48 is formed behind the lateral movement, so that a gap is generated in the lower part of the brush member 31, but here the extended covering member 34 of that portion is lowered. Let the gap close. Since the extension covering member 34 is provided with slits 36 at a predetermined pitch in the lower part, the rubber plate 35 between the slits 36 is moderately wound while closing the gap, and a predetermined amount of air is taken into the suction cylinder 21. This enables efficient suction of earth and sand.
[0045]
Since the extended covering member 34 is also provided on the side surface in the lateral movement direction, when excavating the side of the portion that has already been excavated into a groove shape, the gap generated on the side surface can be closed. So you can always perform efficient sediment suction.
[0046]
In the above-described embodiment, the configuration in which the brush member 31 is provided at the lower end of the suction cylinder 21 is shown, but a rubber plate having a slit formed in the lower portion is provided instead of the brush member 31 in the same manner as the extension covering member 34. May be.
[0047]
Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the extended coating | coated member 34 is comprised with the rubber plate 35, it is not restricted to this, You may form with a brush member and another material which has flexibility.
[0048]
Furthermore, in the said embodiment, although the extended coating | coated member 34 is provided in the outer side of the brush member 31 fixed to the attraction | suction cylinder 21, it is set as the structure which provides the brush member itself so that an up-and-down movement is possible, and does not provide an extended coating | coated member. Also good.
[0049]
Further, instead of the telescopic cylinder 45 that moves the extension covering member 34 up and down, a spring member that biases the extension covering member 34 downward is provided on the rod 38 so that the lower end of the extension covering member 34 is always in contact with the ground 2. May be.
[0050]
Further, the extension covering member 34 may be lowered by a weight or its own weight so as to follow the ground 2.
[0051]
At this time, if a roller extending in the longitudinal direction is provided at the lower end of the extension covering member 34, the ground 2 can be leveled.
[0052]
【The invention's effect】
In short, according to the present invention, it is possible to effectively excavate the earth and sand while moving in the horizontal direction, and exhibit an excellent effect.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1A is a side view, FIG. 1B is a partial cross-sectional side view, and FIG. 1C is a horizontal cross-sectional view showing an air excavator body of a sediment excavation and suction device according to the present invention.
2A is a plan view, FIG. 2B is a front view, and FIG. 2C is a side view showing an extension covering member of the earth excavation and suction device according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an overall configuration diagram showing a sediment excavation and suction device according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sediment excavation suction apparatus 2 Ground 4 Sediment separation tank 5 Suction apparatus 21 Suction cylinder 22 Excavation nozzle 31 Brush member 32 Linear body 34 Extension covering member

Claims

An excavation nozzle is provided in a suction cylinder formed in a cylindrical shape that is provided substantially vertically on the ground to be excavated and that is laterally moved along the ground. The earth and sand are crushed with compressed air blown from the excavation nozzle, and the earth and sand excavation and suction device for excavating the excavation earth and sand together with the suction air from the lower end of the suction cylinder, around the lower end of the suction cylinder, its provided a suction tube and the ground between the brush member so as to cover the gap, to the suction tube, a predetermined amount while covering the gap between the lower end of the ground and the brush member to be reduced from the outer peripheral side of the brush member by drilling An earth and sand excavation and suction device, wherein an extended covering member that allows air to pass therethrough is provided so as to be movable up and down .

The earth and sand excavation and suction device according to claim 1, wherein the brush member is formed by bundling linear bodies made of carbon or the like in a planar shape with a predetermined thickness.

The earth and sand excavation and suction device according to claim 1, wherein the brush member is provided on the outer periphery of the lower end of the suction cylinder so as to be movable up and down.

The earth and sand excavation and suction device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of excavation nozzles for blowing compressed air perpendicularly to the ground are arranged in the suction cylinder.

The earth and sand excavation and suction device according to claim 4, wherein the suction cylinder is attached to moving means such as a shovel car and is laterally moved in a direction orthogonal to the alignment direction of the excavation nozzles.

The said suction cylinder is formed in the cross-sectional square shape, The said brush member is divided | segmented and formed for every edge | side of the said suction cylinder, and it was comprised so that the divided | segmented brush member could each be raised / lowered separately. The earth and sand excavation and suction device according to any one of the above.

The earth and sand excavation and suction device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a tip of the excavation nozzle is arranged to have a height substantially equal to a lower end of the suction cylinder.

The suction cylinder is connected to a sediment separation tank that separates sediment and air, and is connected to a suction device that sucks air from the suction cylinder through the sediment separation tank, and the excavation nozzle sprays compressed air intermittently. The earth and sand excavation and suction device according to claim 1, which is configured as follows .

An excavation nozzle is provided in a suction cylinder formed in a cylindrical shape that is provided substantially vertically on the ground to be excavated and that is laterally moved along the ground. The earth and sand are crushed with compressed air blown from the excavation nozzle, and the earth and sand excavation and suction device for excavating the excavation earth and sand together with the suction air from the lower end of the suction cylinder, around the lower end of the suction cylinder, A rubber plate having a slit formed at the lower end is provided so as to cover the gap between the suction cylinder and the ground, and the gap between the ground lowered by excavation and the lower end of the rubber plate is provided on the outer peripheral side of the rubber plate. An earth and sand excavation and suction device characterized in that an extension covering member that allows a predetermined amount of air to pass therethrough is provided so as to be movable up and down .