JP4031225B2 - Water-based coating material - Google Patents

Water-based coating material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4031225B2
JP4031225B2 JP2001317782A JP2001317782A JP4031225B2 JP 4031225 B2 JP4031225 B2 JP 4031225B2 JP 2001317782 A JP2001317782 A JP 2001317782A JP 2001317782 A JP2001317782 A JP 2001317782A JP 4031225 B2 JP4031225 B2 JP 4031225B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
monomer mixture
vinyl monomer
meth
mass
polymerization
Prior art date
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JP2001317782A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2003119430A (en
Inventor
正敏 浦
達志 福住
康敬 土井
隆明 伊藤
基巳 田中
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2001317782A priority Critical patent/JP4031225B2/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、塗料、印刷インキ等の被覆材、接着剤或いは紙、繊維の加工処理剤等に有用な水性被覆材に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
水溶性又は水分散性ビニル系共重合体を含む水性分散液は、水溶性共重合体の性質を兼ね備えているために、皮膜形成性、顔料分散性、基材密着性に優れ、また、流動性が粘性流動に近いために、塗工性にも優れ、皮膜に高外観を与えるという特徴を有するため、被覆材料用途に広く用いられている。
【0003】
例えば、特開平9−169806号公報には、水溶性又は水分散性ビニル系共重合体水溶性塩の存在下にビニル系単量体を乳化重合して得られる水性分散液を含有する水性分散液が提案されており、さらに乳化重合を2段階に分け、1段階目でガラス転移温度が50〜130℃の重合体を形成し、2段階目でホモポリマーのガラス転移温度が0℃以下のビニル系単量体を用いて重合することが好ましいと記載されている。
【0004】
しかるに、この水性分散液は、2段階目の乳化重合でホモポリマーのガラス転移温度が0℃以下のビニル系単量体を用いることで良好な皮膜形成性を有する水性分散液を得ているため、高温での皮膜の耐ブロッキング性、耐摩耗性に劣るという問題点があり、一方耐ブロッキング性等を向上させるため2段階目での重合部分のガラス転移温度を高く設定した場合には、最低造膜温度が上昇し、皮膜形成性が低下するという問題点があり、皮膜形成性と耐ブロッキング性を両立させることが困難であった。
【0005】
これらの問題点は、皮膜表面層に位置する重合体のガラス転移温度に起因する。即ち、耐ブロッキング性、耐摩耗性等を向上させる方法の一つは、皮膜表面層に位置する重合体のガラス転移温度を高く設計し、造膜した後に温度、湿度、圧力等の外的要因による皮膜の変形を容易に起こさないようにすることである。ここで皮膜の変形が容易な場合には、塗装皮膜同士を重ね合わせて荷重をかけた際に、皮膜同士が接着する原因となるため好ましくない。また、皮膜形成性を向上させる方法として、水性分散液粒子のガラス転移温度を低く設計し、粒子が容易に変形・融着できるようにすることであり、乾燥時の応力変化に追随しクラックを発生させないことが望ましい。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、皮膜の耐ブロッキング性及び耐摩耗性が良好で、かつ常温での皮膜形成性が良好であり、優れた外観を有する皮膜が得られる水性被覆材を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、酸基含有ビニル系単量体を含むビニル系単量体混合物(A)をラジカル共重合して得られる共重合体(X)の水性分散液又は水溶液中で、ビニル系単量体混合物(B)の乳化重合を行った後、ビニル系単量体混合物(C)の乳化重合を行って得られ、かつ重合の際に用いたビニル系単量体混合物(A)、ビニル系単量体混合物(B)及びビニル系単量体混合物(C)が、それらの総和を100質量%としたときに、
(1)ビニル系単量体混合物(A)20〜70質量%
(2)ビニル系単量体混合物(B)10〜60質量%
(3)ビニル系単量体混合物(C)20〜70質量%
であり、ビニル系単量体混合物(B)から計算される重合体のガラス転移温度が10℃以下、ビニル系単量体混合物(C)から計算される重合体のガラス転移温度が70℃以上である、水性分散液からなることを特徴とする水性被覆材、にある。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の水性被覆材は、酸基含有ビニル系単量体を含むビニル系単量体混合物(A)をラジカル共重合して得られる共重合体(X)の水性分散液又は水溶液中でビニル系単量体混合物(B)の乳化重合とビニル系単量体混合物(C)の乳化重合を行うことで得られる水性分散液からなるものであり、水性分散液中に含まれる重合体粒子は、各単量体混合物に由来する繰り返し単位の重合体で構成される。
【0009】
共重合体(X)を得るために用いるビニル系単量体混合物(A)は、酸基含有ビニル系単量体を含有していることが必要である。酸基含有ビニル系単量体としては、(メタ)アクリル酸、2−(メタ)アクリロキシエチルヘキサヒドロフタル酸、2−(メタ)アクリロキシプロピルヘキサヒドロフタル酸、2−(メタ)アクリロキシエチルテトラヒドロフタル酸、2−(メタ)アクリロキシプロピルテトラヒドロフタレル酸、5−メチル−2−(メタ)アクリロキシエチルヘキサヒドロフタル酸、2−(メタ)アクリロキシエチルフタル酸、2−(メタ)アクリロキシプロピルフタル酸、2−(メタ)アクリロキシエチルシュウ酸、2−(メタ)アクリロキシプロピルシュウ酸、クロトン酸、フマル酸、マレイン酸、イタコン酸、ソルビン酸等のカルボキシル基含有ビニル系単量体や、無水マレイン酸、無水イタコン酸等のカルボン酸無水物、t−ブチルアクリルアミドスルホン酸、リン酸基を有するビニル系単量体等が挙げられる。
【0010】
これらの中でも皮膜の耐水性等の観点から、カルボキシル基含有ビニル系単量体を用いることが好ましく、特にメタクリル酸を用いることが好ましい。また、これら酸基含有ビニル系単量体は、単独で用いてもよいし或いは2種以上の併用であってもよい。
【0011】
また、酸基含有ビニル系単量体は、共重合体(X)の理論固形分酸価が好ましくは40〜250mgKOH/g、より好ましくは60〜200mgKOH/gの範囲になるように、ビニル系単量体混合物(A)中に含有されることが好ましい。理論固形分酸価を40〜250mgKOH/gとすることにより、共重合体(X)を水性媒体中で塩基性物質により中和処理を行った際に安定した分散状態又は溶解状態とすることができる。また、共重合体(X)のガラス転移温度は、特に制約を受けるものではないが、耐ブロッキング性等の観点から、70℃以上であることが好ましく、80℃以上であることが特に好ましい。
【0012】
ビニル系単量体混合物(A)に含まれる酸基含有ビニル系単量体以外のビニル系単量体としては、メチル(メタ)アクリレート、エチル(メタ)アクリレート、n−ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、i−ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、t−ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、2−エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、n−ラウリル(メタ)アクリレート、n−ステアリル(メタ)アクリレート、シクロヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート等のアルキルエステル(メタ)アクリレート、N−フェニルマレイミド、N−シクロヘキシルマレイミド、N−ブチルマレイミド等のマレイミド誘導体、2−ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2−ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、3−ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、4−ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート、6−ヒドロキシヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート等のヒドロキシアルキル基を有するビニル重合性単量体、アクロレイン、ジアセトンアクリルアミド、ホルミルスチロ−ル、ビニルアルキルケトン、(メタ)アクリルアミドピバリンアルデヒド、ジアセトン(メタ)アクリレ−ト、アセトニルアクリレート、2−ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレ−トアセチルアセテート、アセトアセトキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ブタンジオ−ル−1,4−アクリレート−アセチルアセテート、アクリルアミドメチルアニスアルデヒドのアルデヒド基又はカルボニル基を有するビニル単量体、(メタ)アクリルアミド、クロトンアミド、N−メチロールアクリルアミド等のアミド基含有ビニル性単量体、アリルグリシジルエーテル、グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート等のエポキシ基含有ビニル性単量体、スチレン、α−メチルスチレン等の芳香族ビニル性単量体、アクリロニトリル等のニトリル基含有ビニル性単量体、ブタジエン等のオレフィン系単量体等を挙げることができる。
【0013】
これら単量体は、単独で用いてもよいし或いは2種以上の併用であってもよいが、ビニル系単量体混合物(A)の組成を、
メチルメタクリレート 20〜85質量%
スチレン 5〜30質量%
酸基含有ビニル系単量体を含むその他の共重合可能な単量体 10〜75質量%
とし、酸基含有ビニル系単量体の配合量が前述の理論固形分酸価の範囲とするのが特に好ましい。
【0014】
ビニル系単量体混合物(A)を用いて共重合体(X)をラジカル共重合により得る方法としては、特に制約を受けるものではなく、溶液重合法、懸濁重合法、乳化重合法、塊状重合法等公知の重合方法を用いることができが、得られた固形の共重合体(X)を塩基性物質にて処理することにより水性媒体中への分散又は溶解を容易にするうえで、懸濁重合法を用いることが好ましい。
【0015】
重合に際しては、公知の過酸化物系開始剤、アゾ系開始剤、過硫酸塩を重合開始剤として用いることができ、前記のような公知の重合方法を用い低温で重合を行う必要がある場合には、低温分解型開始剤を用いる他に、高温分解型過酸化物系開始剤とレドックス処理を併用して重合を行うこともできる。さらに、分子量を制御する必要がある場合には、ドデシルメルカプタンやα−メチルスチレンダイマー等の公知の連鎖移動剤を併用することもできる。
【0016】
ビニル系単量体混合物(A)から懸濁重合法により共重合体(X)を得る際には、用いる分散剤として、例えばポリ(メタ)アクリル酸アルカリ金属塩若しくは(メタ)アクリル酸とメチル(メタ)アクリレートの共重合物のアルカリ金属塩、ケン化度70〜100%のポリビニルアルコ−ル、メチルセルロ−ス等を挙げることができるが、分散安定性等の観点から、ポリビニルアルコ−ルを用いることが好ましい。これらは、単独で用いてもよいし或いは2種以上の併用であってもよい。
【0017】
また、用いる分散剤は、ビニル系単量体混合物(A)に対して0.001〜10質量%の範囲で用いることが好ましく、0.2〜1.0質量%であることがより好ましく、0.4〜0.8質量%であることが特に好ましい。この範囲内の量の分散剤で懸濁重合を行うことで、分散安定性を損なわず、エマルション化しない程度の粒子径の重合体粒子を得ることができる。
【0018】
懸濁重合法としては、公知の方法が用いられ、水中に前記の分散剤を少なくとも1種類以上溶かし込み、重合開始剤を含むビニル系単量体混合物(A)を加え、強力な攪拌を行いながら、0.05〜1mm程度の液滴に分散させ、加熱下に重合を行う等の方法を用いることができる。より好ましい方法としては、水中に分散剤と共に電解質やpH調整剤を添加して分散剤の働きを増進させる方法や、ビニル系単量体混合物(A)中に重合開始剤を完全に溶かし込んだ後に水中に分散させる方法等が挙げられる。
【0019】
得られた共重合体(X)を水性媒体中に分散又は溶解させる際に用いられる塩基性物質としては、アンモニア、トリエチルアミン、プロピルアミン、ジブチルアミン、アミルアミン、1−アミノオクタン、2−ジメチルアミノエタノール、エチルアミノエタノール、2−ジエチルアミノエタノール、1−アミノ−2−プロパノール、2−アミノ−1−プロパノール、3−アミノ−1−プロパノール、1−ジメチルアミノ−2−プロパノール、3−ジメチルアミノ−1−プロパノール、2−プロピルアミノエタノール、エトキシプロピルアミン、アミノベンジルアルコール、モルホリン、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等が挙げられが、特に制約はなく、単独で用いてもよいし或いは2種以上を併用してもよいが、塩基性物質の塗膜中の残存量が少ないことが耐水性向上の点から好ましいことから、揮発性のよいアミン系化合物を用いることが好ましく、アンモニアを用いることがより好ましい。
【0020】
共重合体(X)を水性媒体中で塩基性物質の添加により分散状態又は溶解状態にするための方法には特に限定はなく、公知の方法が用いられる。また、共重合体(X)を水性媒体中で塩基性物質の添加により分散状態又は溶解状態にする際、分散、溶解性を向上させるために親水性有機溶剤及びヒドロキシアルキル基を有するビニル重合性単量体を共重合体(X)100質量部に対して0.1〜50質量部添加することもできる。
【0021】
親水性有機溶剤としては、メタノ−ル、エタノ−ル、イソプロピルアルコ−ル、ブタノ−ル等のアルコ−ル類、(ジ)エチレングリコ−ル、(ジ)プロピレングリコ−ル等のグリコ−ル類、(ジ)エチレングリコ−ルモノメチルエ−テル、(ジ)プロピレングリコ−ルモノメチルエ−テル等のグリコ−ルモノアルキル(フェニル)エ−テル類等が挙げられる。またヒドロキシアルキル基を有するビニル重合性単量体としては、2−ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2−ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、3−ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、4−ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート、6−ヒドロキシヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられるが、その中でもアルコール類が溶解性等の点から好ましく、特にイソプロピルアルコ−ルがより好ましいものとして挙げられる。
【0022】
本発明の水性被覆材に含まれる水性分散液を得るために用いるビニル系単量体混合物(B)を構成するビニル系単量体は、ビニル系単量体混合物体(A)の構成成分として用いられるビニル系単量体と同様、公知の単量体から適宜選択して用いることができるが、皮膜の耐磨耗性を向上させるため、ビニル系単量体混合物(B)の構成成分として、ブタジエン等の共役ジエン系単量体及び又は重合体を含有されることがより好ましい。
【0023】
また、本発明の水性被覆材に含まれる水性分散液を得るために用いるビニル系単量体混合物(C)を構成するビニル系単量体は、ビニル系単量体混合物(B)の構成成分と同じく公知の単量体から適宜選択して用いることができるが、皮膜の耐ブロッキング性や耐水性を向上させるためには、酸基含有ビニル系単量体を用いないのが好ましい。さらに水性分散液の耐アルコールショック性を向上させるため、ビニル系単量体混合物(C)の構成成分としてグリシジル基を有するビニル系単量体が含まれていることが好ましい。
【0024】
これは、共重合体(X)に含まれる酸成分とビニル系単量体混合物(C)の重合により得られる部分とを化学的に結合させることにより、希釈等の目的でアルコールが添加された際に水性分散液中の共重合体(X)の粒子表面からの脱離を防ぐことが可能になるためである。グリシジル基含有ビニル系単量体としては、グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられ、特にグリシジルメタアクリレートを用いるることが好ましい。
【0025】
この場合、グリシジル(メタ)アクリレ−トは、ビニル系単量体混合物(C)全体を100質量%としたときに、0.1〜20質量%、より好ましくは0.5〜15質量%の範囲で用いる。
【0026】
共重合体(X)の水性分散液又は水溶液中での、ビニル系単量体混合物(B)の乳化重合及びビニル系単量体混合物(C)の乳化重合を行う際の乳化重合法は、特に限定されるものではなく、単量体混合物のみを系内に滴下して供給する方法や単量体混合物に水と乳化剤を加えプレエマルション化したものを滴下して供給する方法等の公知の乳化重合法を、用いることができる。
【0027】
また、乳化重合を行う際には、重合開始剤としては、公知の過酸化物系開始剤、アゾ系開始剤、過硫酸塩等を重合開始剤として用いることができ、低温で重合を行う必要がある場合には、低温分解型開始剤を用いる他に高温分解型過酸化物系開始剤とレドックス処理を併用することもできる。さらに、分子量を制御する必要がある場合には、ドデシルメルカプタンやα−メチルスチレンダイマー等の公知の連鎖移動剤を併用することもできる。
【0028】
乳化重合時に用いる乳化剤は、特に限定されるものではなく、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンアルキル(フェニル)エ−テル硫酸ナトリウム、ジアルキルスルホコハク酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルリン酸エステルなどのアニオン系乳化剤、ポリオキシエチレンアルキル(フェニル)エ−テルなどのノニオン系乳化剤、(メタ)アクリル酸ポリオキシエチレン硫酸エステルのナトリウム塩、アルキルアリルスルホコハク酸エステルのナトリウム塩、グリセリンアリルノニルフェニルポリオキシエチレン硫酸アンモニウムエ−テル等の重合性基を含有しビニル系単量体と共重合が可能な反応性アニオン系乳化剤、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルベンゼン(メタ)アクリレ−ト、グリセリンアリルノニルフェニルポリエチレングリコ−ルエ−テル等の重合性基を含有しビニル系単量体と共重合が可能な反応性ノニオン系乳化剤等が挙げられ、その中でも反応性アニオン系乳化剤が好ましいものとして挙げられる。これらは単独で用いてもよいし或いは2種以上を併用してよい。
【0029】
乳化重合時に用いる乳化剤の添加量は、特に制限を受けるものではないが、耐ブロッキング性の観点から、ビニル系単量体混合物(B)、ビニル系単量体混合物(C)のそれぞれ100質量部に対して好ましくは3質量部以下、より好ましくは1.5質量部以下でである。
【0030】
本発明の水性被覆材においては、そのビニル系単量体混合物(A)の重合、ビニル系単量体混合物(B)の乳化重合及びビニル系単量体混合物(C)の乳化重合の際、用いるビニル系単量体混合物(A)、ビニル系単量体混合物(B)及びビニル系単量体混合物(C)が、(A)、(B)及び(C)の総和を100質量%としたときに、
(1)ビニル系単量体混合物(A)20〜70質量%
(2)ビニル系単量体混合物(B)10〜60質量%
(3)ビニル系単量体混合物(C)20〜70質量%
であることが必要である。
【0031】
特にビニル系単量体混合物(A)、ビニル系単量体混合物(B)及びビニル系単量体混合物(C)が、
(1)ビニル系単量体混合物(A)30〜60質量%
(2)ビニル系単量体混合物(B)15〜45質量%
(3)ビニル系単量体混合物(C)25〜55質量%
であることが好ましく、より好ましくはビニル系単量体混合物(B)とビニル系単量体混合物(C)の質量比が3:1〜1:3の間にあることである。ビニル系単量体混合物(A)、ビニル系単量体混合物(B)及びビニル系単量体混合物(C)を上記の範囲とすることによって、必要とされる皮膜形成性と耐ブロッキング性を両立させた水性被覆材とすることができる。
【0032】
本発明の水性被覆材においては、皮膜形成性等の観点から、ビニル系単量体混合物(B)から計算される重合体のガラス転移温度が、10℃以下、好ましくは0℃以下、より好ましくは−10℃以下であることが必要である。
【0033】
また、本発明の水性被覆材においては、耐ブロッキング性等の観点から、ビニル系単量体混合物(C)から計算される重合体のガラス転移温度が、70℃以上、好ましくは80℃以上、より好ましくは90℃以上であることが必要である。
【0034】
ビニル系単量体混合物(B)から計算される重合体のガラス転移温度及びビニル系単量体混合物(C)から計算される重合体のガラス転移温度は、これらの重合体が構成成分である複数の単量体からなる共重合体であり、共重合体におけるガラス転移温度(Tg)は下記のFoxの式を用いて求めることができることから、各単量体混合物からFoxの式を用いて求めたものである。
1/(Tg+273.14)=Σ(wn/(Tgn+273.14))
(wn=単量体nの質量分率、Tgn=単量体nのホモポリマ−のTg)
【0035】
本発明の水性被覆材は、塗料、印刷インキ等の被覆材、接着剤或いは紙、繊維の加工処理剤等として有用なるものであり、例えば本発明の水性被覆材で艶出加工された艶出加工紙は優れた皮膜形成性と耐ブロッキング性を有する。また、本発明の水性被覆材を塗料や印刷インキに用いる場合には、より高度の性能を発現させるために、造膜助剤、消泡剤、顔料分散剤、増粘剤、ワックス、防腐剤等の公知の各種添加剤を必要に応じて添加することができる。
【0036】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例によりさらに詳しく説明する。なお、実施例中の「部」は「質量部」、「%」は「質量%」を意味する。また、実施例及び比較例で得られた水性被覆材を用いた塗料の作成方法及び性能評価方法は、以下に示す方法に拠った。
【0037】
〈評価用塗料の作成方法〉
評価用水性分散液(固形分49%基準)80部、メタノール4部、イソプロピルアルコール11部、プライサーフM208Bメタノール溶液(第一工業製薬(株)製)3部、ブチルセルソルブ2部を順に加え、よく攪拌した後に300メッシュナイロン紗で濾過したものを評価用塗料とした。
【0038】
〈評価用試験の作成方法〉
作成した評価用塗料をザーンカップ4番で10〜12秒になるようにイソプロピルアルコールで希釈したものを試験紙(多用途測定紙 No.D−111 太佑機材(株))にバーコーター No.4で塗装し、塗装後直ちに100℃の乾燥機中で10秒乾燥した後、プレス温度120℃、プレス圧力25MPa、ベルト速度20m/分で運転されているエンドレスプレス機(松本機械製作所(株)製CR−5型)に通してプレス加工を行ったものを評価用試験紙とした。
【0039】
〈皮膜形成性評価〉
ガラス板にバーコーターNo.6を用いて塗膜が2〜3μとなるように塗装し、室温で1時間放置しクラックの発生状態を以下の基準で評価した。
◎:全くクラックが発生していない。
○:周辺部に僅かにクラックが発生している。
△:全体的にクラックが発生している。
×:皮膜が形成されていない。
【0040】
〈耐ブロッキング性評価〉
評価用試験紙を10平方センチメートルの正方形に切り取り、塗装面同士をあわせて重ね、湿度40%、温度50℃の環境下で500g/cmの圧力を加えた状態で24時間保持した後、取り出して試験紙を重ね合わせた状態から取り外した際の剥がれ方を以下の基準で評価した。
◎:手で簡単に剥離でき、重ね合わせた部分同士の接着はない。
○:◎に比べ力が必要ではあるが、手で剥離できる。
△:○と同様に力をかけることで手で剥離できるが、ところどころ重ね合わせた部分 同士の接着により塗料が剥がれた部分がある。
×:剥離できない。
【0041】
〈光沢評価〉
評価用試験紙の表面光沢値を日本電色工業(株)製変角光沢計VG−2000を用い測定角度60℃にて測定した。
【0042】
〈耐磨耗性評価〉
評価用試験紙の上に2cm角に切り出したコピー用紙(三菱再生PPC用紙三菱製紙(株)製)を載せ、コピー紙上に500gの荷重がかかるように学振型染色物摩擦堅牢度試験機に取り付け、往復50回運転した後、評価用試験紙上の傷つき具合を以下の基準で判断した。
◎:評価用試験紙にまったく傷が見られない。
○:評価用試験紙に僅かに傷がついているが、コピー紙の方には試験紙そのものに印 刷されているインクはついていない。
△:評価用試験紙に明らかな傷がつき、コピー紙の方にも僅かではあるが、試験紙そ のものに印刷されているインクがついている。
×:評価用試験紙のそのものの表面が削れ、コピー紙の方には、試験紙そのものに印 刷されているインクが全面についている。
【0043】
〈共重合体(X)の製造方法〉
(製造例1)
撹拌機、温度計、還流凝縮機を備えた重合反応器に、脱イオン水200部、ポリビニルアルコ−ル(ケン化度80%、重合度1,700)0.2部を入れて撹拌し、ポリビニルアルコ−ルを完全に溶解したものに、別のビーカーに計量しておいた表1に示す単量体混合物(A)に重合開始剤及び連鎖移動剤を溶解したものを投入し、300rpmで攪拌しながら80℃で2時間30分反応させ、その後温度を90℃に昇温して1時間維持し、反応を終了させた。次いで室温まで冷却し300メッシュナイロン紗を用いて重合体粒子と水性媒体を分離し、得られた重合体粒子を脱イオン水で十分洗浄した後50℃の乾燥機中で24時間乾燥を行い、表2に示す共重合体(X1)を得た。
【0044】
【表1】

Figure 0004031225
【0045】
(製造例2〜9)
製造例1と同様な方法で表2に示す単量体混合物(A)に重合開始剤及び連鎖移動剤を用いて、それぞれ表2に示す共重合体(X2〜X9)を得た。
【0046】
【表2】
Figure 0004031225
【0047】
〈ビニル系単量体混合物(B)の構成成分のブタジエン重合体分散液の製造方法〉
脱イオン水138.6部、サンノールNP−2030(ライオン(株)製アニオン系乳化剤有効成分30%)5部、硫酸ナトリウム0.2部、ロンガリット0.3部、ハーブチルH−69(日本油脂(株)製過酸化物系開始剤有効成分69%)1部、t−ドデシルメルカプタン0.2部を仕込み、十分に窒素置換した後に、1,3ブタジエン18.85部を仕込み、内温を50℃に昇温した。次いで、ピロリン酸ナトリウム0.2部、硫酸第一鉄7水塩0.003部を脱イオン水6部に溶解したものを投入し重合を開始させた。重合開始後1時間で内温を60℃に昇温し、140分かけて1,3ブタジエン81.12部を滴下した。滴下完了12時間後残存1,3ブタジエンを除去し、固形分40.1重量%、平均粒子径80nm、粘度100mPa.sのブタジエン重合体分散液を得た。
【0048】
(実施例1)
撹拌機、温度計、還流凝縮機を備えた重合反応器に、製造例1の共重合体(X1)70部と同量の脱イオン水を仕込み、200rpmで攪拌しながら70℃に昇温した。内温が70℃に到達した時点で攪拌しながら28%アンモニア水3.0部を投入し30分間放置した。次いでロンガリット0.2部、ピロリン酸ナトリウム0.2部、硫酸第一鉄7水塩0.003部を脱イオン水6部に溶解したものを投入し、ビーカーに表2に示す単量体混合物(B)、単量体混合物(B)と同量の脱イオン水、表2に示す乳化剤及びハーブチルH−69(日本油脂(株)製過酸化物系開始剤有効成分69%)0.05部を混合したものを1時間30分かけて滴下し、単量体混合物(B)の乳化重合を行った。30分後ビーカーに表2に示す単量体混合物(C)、単量体混合物(C)と同量の脱イオン水、表2に示す乳化剤及びハーブチルH−69(日本油脂(株)製過酸化物系開始剤有効成分69%)0.05部を混合したものを1時間30分かけて滴下し、単量体混合物(C)の乳化重合を行い、水性分散液を得た。得られた水性分散液の特性値及び塗料としての性能評価結果は、表3に示すとおりであった。なお、単量体混合物(B)、単量体混合物(B)からの各重合体のガラス転移温度(Tg)は、表1に示すホモポリマーのTgより前記Foxの式より求めた。
【0049】
(実施例2〜8)
表3に示す共重合体(X2〜X9)、単量体混合物(B)、単量体混合物(C)及び乳化剤を用い、実施例1と同様な方法で水性分散液を得た。
なお、実施例3及び実施例8で単量体混合物(B)の構成成分として用いたブタジエン重合体は、ブタジエン重合体分散液の製造方法で記載したものを液状のままで使用しており、その他のビニル系単量体混合物(B)とは混合せず、予め共重合体(X)の水性分散液及び又は水溶液に所定量を投入した後に、その他のビニル系単量体混合物(B)に脱イオン水を加えないで滴下し、最後の滴下したビニル系単量体混合物と同量の脱イオン水を加えた。得られた水性分散液の特性値及び塗料としての性能評価結果は、表3に示すとおりであった。なお、単量体混合物(B)、単量体混合物(B)からの各重合体のガラス転移温度(Tg)は、表1に示すホモポリマーのTgより前記Foxの式より求めた。
【0050】
【表3】
Figure 0004031225
【0051】
(比較例1〜6)
表4に示す共重合体(X)、単量体混合物(B)、単量体混合物(C)及び乳化剤を用い、実施例1と同様な方法で重合を行った。得られた水性分散液の特性値及び塗料としての性能評価結果は表4に示すとおりであった。なお、比較例2では重合が不安定で評価ができる水性分散液が得られなかった。また比較例1、比較例4及び比較例5で得られた水性分散液は皮膜形成性が悪く、性能評価を行える試験紙を作成できなかった。
【0052】
【表4】
Figure 0004031225
【0053】
【発明の効果】
本発明の水性被覆材は、特定の共重合体の水性分散液又は水溶液中でビニル系単量体混合物を2段階で乳化重合することにより得られ、かつ特定のガラス転移温度を有する重合体を含む水性分散液からなることで、相反する常温での皮膜形成性と耐ブロッキング性を両立させることが可能なるものであり、共役ジエン系単量体若しくは共役ジエン系単量体の重合体を含有するものは皮膜形成性、耐ブロッキング性に加え、優れた耐摩耗性を有する。本発明の水性被覆材は、上記のような優れた皮膜性能を有する皮膜が形成できるため、塗料、印刷インキ或いは接着剤若しくは紙、繊維の加工処理剤等、幅広い分野で有用なるものであり、特にプレス加工による紙艶出加工用の水性ニスとして好適に用いられる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an aqueous coating material useful for coating materials such as paints and printing inks, adhesives or paper and fiber processing agents, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
An aqueous dispersion containing a water-soluble or water-dispersible vinyl copolymer has the properties of a water-soluble copolymer, so it has excellent film-forming properties, pigment dispersibility, and substrate adhesion, and fluidity. Since the property is close to viscous flow, it has the characteristics of being excellent in coating property and giving a high appearance to the film, and is therefore widely used for coating materials.
[0003]
For example, JP-A-9-169806 discloses an aqueous dispersion containing an aqueous dispersion obtained by emulsion polymerization of a vinyl monomer in the presence of a water-soluble or water-dispersible vinyl copolymer water-soluble salt. A liquid is proposed, and emulsion polymerization is further divided into two stages, a polymer having a glass transition temperature of 50 to 130 ° C. is formed in the first stage, and the glass transition temperature of the homopolymer is 0 ° C. or less in the second stage. It is described that it is preferable to perform polymerization using a vinyl monomer.
[0004]
However, this aqueous dispersion has an aqueous dispersion having good film-forming properties by using a vinyl monomer having a homopolymer glass transition temperature of 0 ° C. or lower in the second stage of emulsion polymerization. However, when the glass transition temperature of the polymerized portion in the second stage is set high in order to improve the blocking resistance and the like, there is a problem that the film has poor blocking resistance and wear resistance at high temperatures. There is a problem that the film forming temperature rises and the film formability is lowered, and it is difficult to achieve both film formability and blocking resistance.
[0005]
These problems are caused by the glass transition temperature of the polymer located in the coating surface layer. That is, one way to improve blocking resistance, abrasion resistance, etc. is to design the glass transition temperature of the polymer located on the surface layer of the film to be high, and after film formation, external factors such as temperature, humidity, pressure, etc. It is to prevent the film from being easily deformed. Here, when the deformation of the coating is easy, it is not preferable because the coatings adhere to each other when the coatings are overlapped and a load is applied. In addition, as a method of improving the film-forming property, the glass transition temperature of the aqueous dispersion particles is designed to be low so that the particles can be easily deformed and fused. It is desirable not to generate it.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous coating material that has a coating having good blocking resistance and abrasion resistance, good coating formation at room temperature, and a coating having an excellent appearance.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a vinyl monomer in an aqueous dispersion or aqueous solution of a copolymer (X) obtained by radical copolymerization of a vinyl monomer mixture (A) containing an acid group-containing vinyl monomer. The vinyl monomer mixture (A) obtained by emulsion polymerization of the body mixture (B) and then the emulsion polymerization of the vinyl monomer mixture (C) and used for the polymerization When the monomer mixture (B) and the vinyl-based monomer mixture (C) are 100% by mass in total,
(1) Vinyl monomer mixture (A) 20 to 70% by mass
(2) Vinyl monomer mixture (B) 10-60 mass%
(3) Vinyl monomer mixture (C) 20-70% by mass
From the vinyl monomer mixture (B) The calculated glass transition temperature of the polymer is 10 ° C or less, from vinyl monomer mixture (C) The calculated glass transition temperature of the polymer is An aqueous coating material comprising an aqueous dispersion having a temperature of 70 ° C. or higher.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The aqueous coating material of the present invention is an aqueous dispersion or aqueous solution of a copolymer (X) obtained by radical copolymerization of a vinyl monomer mixture (A) containing an acid group-containing vinyl monomer. Aqueous dispersion obtained by performing emulsion polymerization of the monomeric monomer mixture (B) and emulsion polymerization of the vinylic monomer mixture (C) Consist of The polymer particles contained in the aqueous dispersion are each monomer blend Repeating unit derived from Polymer of Consists of.
[0009]
The vinyl monomer mixture (A) used for obtaining the copolymer (X) needs to contain an acid group-containing vinyl monomer. Examples of the acid group-containing vinyl monomer include (meth) acrylic acid, 2- (meth) acryloxyethyl hexahydrophthalic acid, 2- (meth) acryloxypropyl hexahydrophthalic acid, and 2- (meth) acryloxy. Ethyltetrahydrophthalic acid, 2- (meth) acryloxypropyltetrahydrophthaleric acid, 5-methyl-2- (meth) acryloxyethylhexahydrophthalic acid, 2- (meth) acryloxyethylphthalic acid, 2- (meta ) Carboxyl group-containing vinyls such as acryloxypropyl phthalic acid, 2- (meth) acryloxyethyl oxalic acid, 2- (meth) acryloxypropyl oxalic acid, crotonic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, sorbic acid Monomers, carboxylic acid anhydrides such as maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride, t-butylacrylamide Sulfonic acid, vinyl monomers having a phosphoric acid group.
[0010]
Among these, from the viewpoint of water resistance of the film, it is preferable to use a carboxyl group-containing vinyl monomer, and it is particularly preferable to use methacrylic acid. These acid group-containing vinyl monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0011]
In addition, the acid group-containing vinyl monomer is a vinyl monomer so that the theoretical solid content acid value of the copolymer (X) is preferably in the range of 40 to 250 mgKOH / g, more preferably 60 to 200 mgKOH / g. It is preferably contained in the monomer mixture (A). By setting the theoretical solid acid value to 40 to 250 mgKOH / g, the copolymer (X) can be stably dispersed or dissolved when neutralized with a basic substance in an aqueous medium. it can. The glass transition temperature of the copolymer (X) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 70 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably 80 ° C. or higher, from the viewpoint of blocking resistance and the like.
[0012]
Examples of vinyl monomers other than the acid group-containing vinyl monomers contained in the vinyl monomer mixture (A) include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, Alkyl esters such as i-butyl (meth) acrylate, t-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, n-lauryl (meth) acrylate, n-stearyl (meth) acrylate and cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate ( Maleimide derivatives such as (meth) acrylate, N-phenylmaleimide, N-cyclohexylmaleimide, N-butylmaleimide, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxy Vinyl polymerizable monomers having a hydroxyalkyl group such as til (meth) acrylate and 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth) acrylate, acrolein, diacetone acrylamide, formyl styrene, vinyl alkyl ketone, (meth) acrylamide pivalin aldehyde, diacetone Aldehyde groups of (meth) acrylate, acetonyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate acetyl acetate, acetoacetoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, butanediol-1,4-acrylate-acetyl acetate, acrylamide methyl anisaldehyde Alternatively, vinyl monomers having a carbonyl group, amide group-containing vinyl monomers such as (meth) acrylamide, crotonamide, and N-methylolacrylamide, allyl glycidyl ether , Epoxy group-containing vinyl monomers such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate, aromatic vinyl monomers such as styrene and α-methylstyrene, nitrile group-containing vinyl monomers such as acrylonitrile, and olefins such as butadiene Based monomers.
[0013]
These monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more, but the composition of the vinyl monomer mixture (A) is:
Methyl methacrylate 20-85 mass%
Styrene 5-30% by mass
10 to 75% by mass of other copolymerizable monomers including an acid group-containing vinyl monomer
It is particularly preferable that the compounding amount of the acid group-containing vinyl monomer is within the above-described theoretical solid acid value range.
[0014]
The method for obtaining the copolymer (X) by radical copolymerization using the vinyl monomer mixture (A) is not particularly limited, and is a solution polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method, a block shape. A known polymerization method such as a polymerization method can be used. In order to facilitate dispersion or dissolution in an aqueous medium by treating the obtained solid copolymer (X) with a basic substance, It is preferable to use a suspension polymerization method.
[0015]
In the case of polymerization, known peroxide initiators, azo initiators, and persulfates can be used as polymerization initiators, and it is necessary to perform polymerization at a low temperature using the known polymerization method as described above. In addition to using a low-temperature decomposition type initiator, polymerization can also be carried out using a high-temperature decomposition type peroxide-based initiator and a redox treatment in combination. Furthermore, when it is necessary to control the molecular weight, a known chain transfer agent such as dodecyl mercaptan or α-methylstyrene dimer can be used in combination.
[0016]
When the copolymer (X) is obtained from the vinyl monomer mixture (A) by suspension polymerization, examples of the dispersant used include poly (meth) acrylic acid alkali metal salts or (meth) acrylic acid and methyl. Alkali metal salts of (meth) acrylate copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol having a saponification degree of 70 to 100%, methyl cellulose and the like can be mentioned. From the viewpoint of dispersion stability, etc., polyvinyl alcohol can be used. It is preferable to use it. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0017]
Moreover, it is preferable to use the dispersing agent to use in the range of 0.001-10 mass% with respect to a vinyl-type monomer mixture (A), and it is more preferable that it is 0.2-1.0 mass%. It is especially preferable that it is 0.4-0.8 mass%. By performing suspension polymerization with an amount of the dispersant within this range, polymer particles having a particle size that does not impair dispersion stability and do not become an emulsion can be obtained.
[0018]
As the suspension polymerization method, a known method is used. At least one of the above-mentioned dispersants is dissolved in water, and a vinyl monomer mixture (A) containing a polymerization initiator is added, followed by strong stirring. However, a method of dispersing in droplets of about 0.05 to 1 mm and performing polymerization under heating can be used. More preferable methods include a method in which an electrolyte and a pH adjuster are added together with a dispersant in water to enhance the function of the dispersant, or a polymerization initiator is completely dissolved in the vinyl monomer mixture (A). A method of dispersing in water later can be mentioned.
[0019]
Examples of basic substances used when the obtained copolymer (X) is dispersed or dissolved in an aqueous medium include ammonia, triethylamine, propylamine, dibutylamine, amylamine, 1-aminooctane, and 2-dimethylaminoethanol. , Ethylaminoethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-1-propanol, 3-amino-1-propanol, 1-dimethylamino-2-propanol, 3-dimethylamino-1- Examples include propanol, 2-propylaminoethanol, ethoxypropylamine, aminobenzyl alcohol, morpholine, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc., but there is no particular limitation, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. However, the basic substance remains in the coating film. Since the amount is small is preferable from the viewpoint of improving water resistance, it is preferable to use a volatile good amine compound, it is preferable to use ammonia.
[0020]
There is no particular limitation on the method for bringing the copolymer (X) into a dispersed state or a dissolved state by adding a basic substance in an aqueous medium, and a known method is used. In addition, when the copolymer (X) is dispersed or dissolved by adding a basic substance in an aqueous medium, a vinyl polymer having a hydrophilic organic solvent and a hydroxyalkyl group in order to improve dispersion and solubility. The monomer may be added in an amount of 0.1 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the copolymer (X).
[0021]
Examples of hydrophilic organic solvents include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and butanol, glycols such as (di) ethylene glycol and (di) propylene glycol. And glycol monoalkyl (phenyl) ethers such as (di) ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and (di) propylene glycol monomethyl ether. Examples of the vinyl polymerizable monomer having a hydroxyalkyl group include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, and 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate. , 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth) acrylate, etc., among which alcohols are preferable from the viewpoint of solubility and the like, and isopropyl alcohol is particularly preferable.
[0022]
The vinyl monomer constituting the vinyl monomer mixture (B) used for obtaining the aqueous dispersion contained in the aqueous coating material of the present invention is a constituent of the vinyl monomer mixture (A). As with the vinyl monomer used, it can be used by appropriately selecting from known monomers, but as a constituent of the vinyl monomer mixture (B) in order to improve the abrasion resistance of the film. More preferably, a conjugated diene monomer such as butadiene and / or a polymer is contained.
[0023]
The vinyl monomer constituting the vinyl monomer mixture (C) used for obtaining the aqueous dispersion contained in the aqueous coating material of the present invention is a constituent of the vinyl monomer mixture (B). Similarly, it can be used by appropriately selecting from known monomers, but it is preferable not to use an acid group-containing vinyl monomer in order to improve the blocking resistance and water resistance of the film. Furthermore, in order to improve the alcohol shock resistance of the aqueous dispersion, it is preferable that a vinyl monomer having a glycidyl group is contained as a constituent component of the vinyl monomer mixture (C).
[0024]
This is because an alcohol is added for the purpose of dilution or the like by chemically bonding the acid component contained in the copolymer (X) and the portion obtained by polymerization of the vinyl monomer mixture (C). This is because the copolymer (X) in the aqueous dispersion can be prevented from being detached from the particle surface. Examples of the glycidyl group-containing vinyl monomer include glycidyl (meth) acrylate, and it is particularly preferable to use glycidyl methacrylate.
[0025]
In this case, the glycidyl (meth) acrylate is 0.1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 15% by mass, based on 100% by mass of the entire vinyl monomer mixture (C). Use in a range.
[0026]
The emulsion polymerization method for carrying out the emulsion polymerization of the vinyl monomer mixture (B) and the emulsion polymerization of the vinyl monomer mixture (C) in the aqueous dispersion or aqueous solution of the copolymer (X) is as follows: The method is not particularly limited, and a known method such as a method of supplying only a monomer mixture by dropping it into the system or a method of supplying a monomer mixture by adding water and an emulsifier and adding it as a pre-emulsion is known. Emulsion polymerization methods can be used.
[0027]
Moreover, when performing emulsion polymerization, as a polymerization initiator, a known peroxide initiator, azo initiator, persulfate, or the like can be used as a polymerization initiator, and it is necessary to perform polymerization at a low temperature. In the case where there is, a high temperature decomposition type peroxide-based initiator and a redox treatment can be used in combination in addition to using the low temperature decomposition type initiator. Furthermore, when it is necessary to control the molecular weight, a known chain transfer agent such as dodecyl mercaptan or α-methylstyrene dimer can be used in combination.
[0028]
The emulsifier used at the time of emulsion polymerization is not particularly limited, and anions such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl (phenyl) ether sulfate, sodium dialkylsulfosuccinate, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl phosphate, etc. Emulsifier, nonionic emulsifier such as polyoxyethylene alkyl (phenyl) ether, sodium salt of (meth) acrylic acid polyoxyethylene sulfate, sodium salt of alkylallylsulfosuccinate, glyceryl allyl nonylphenyl polyoxyethylene ammonium sulfate Reactive anionic emulsifiers containing a polymerizable group such as ether and capable of copolymerization with vinyl monomers, polyoxyethylene alkylbenzene (meth) acrylates, glycerin alliates Examples thereof include reactive nonionic emulsifiers containing a polymerizable group such as nonylphenyl polyethylene glycol ether and capable of copolymerization with vinyl monomers, among which reactive anionic emulsifiers are preferred. . These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0029]
The addition amount of the emulsifier used during the emulsion polymerization is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of blocking resistance, 100 parts by mass of each of the vinyl monomer mixture (B) and the vinyl monomer mixture (C). Is preferably 3 parts by mass or less, more preferably 1.5 parts by mass or less.
[0030]
In the aqueous coating material of the present invention, during the polymerization of the vinyl monomer mixture (A), the emulsion polymerization of the vinyl monomer mixture (B) and the emulsion polymerization of the vinyl monomer mixture (C), The vinyl monomer mixture (A), the vinyl monomer mixture (B), and the vinyl monomer mixture (C) to be used had a total of (A), (B), and (C) as 100% by mass. When
(1) Vinyl monomer mixture (A) 20 to 70% by mass
(2) Vinyl monomer mixture (B) 10-60 mass%
(3) Vinyl monomer mixture (C) 20-70% by mass
It is necessary to be.
[0031]
In particular, the vinyl monomer mixture (A), the vinyl monomer mixture (B) and the vinyl monomer mixture (C)
(1) Vinyl monomer mixture (A) 30-60% by mass
(2) Vinyl monomer mixture (B) 15 to 45% by mass
(3) Vinyl monomer mixture (C) 25-55% by mass
More preferably, the mass ratio of the vinyl monomer mixture (B) and the vinyl monomer mixture (C) is between 3: 1 and 1: 3. By making the vinyl monomer mixture (A), the vinyl monomer mixture (B) and the vinyl monomer mixture (C) within the above ranges, the required film-forming property and blocking resistance can be obtained. It can be set as the water-based coating material made compatible.
[0032]
In the aqueous coating material of the present invention, from the viewpoint of film-forming properties, Of the polymer calculated from the vinyl monomer mixture (B) It is necessary that the glass transition temperature is 10 ° C. or lower, preferably 0 ° C. or lower, more preferably −10 ° C. or lower.
[0033]
In the aqueous coating material of the present invention, from the viewpoint of blocking resistance, etc. Of the polymer calculated from the vinyl monomer mixture (C) It is necessary that the glass transition temperature is 70 ° C. or higher, preferably 80 ° C. or higher, more preferably 90 ° C. or higher.
[0034]
From vinyl monomer mixture (B) Calculated Polymer Glass transition temperature of And vinyl monomer mixture (C) Calculated The glass transition temperature of the polymer is a copolymer composed of a plurality of monomers in which these polymers are constituent components, and the glass transition temperature in the copolymer. (Tg) Can be determined using the following Fox equation: From each monomer mixture This is obtained using the Fox equation.
1 / (Tg + 273.14) = Σ (wn / (Tgn + 273.14))
(Wn = mass fraction of monomer n, Tgn = Tg of homopolymer of monomer n)
[0035]
The aqueous coating material of the present invention is useful as a coating material such as paints, printing inks, adhesives or paper, fiber processing agents, etc., for example, glazing processed with the aqueous coating material of the present invention. The processed paper has excellent film-forming properties and blocking resistance. In addition, when the aqueous coating material of the present invention is used for paints and printing inks, in order to express higher performance, a film-forming aid, an antifoaming agent, a pigment dispersant, a thickener, a wax, an antiseptic agent Various known additives such as can be added as necessary.
[0036]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. In the examples, “part” means “part by mass”, and “%” means “mass%”. Moreover, the preparation method and performance evaluation method of the coating material using the aqueous coating material obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples were based on the following methods.
[0037]
<Method for creating paint for evaluation>
80 parts of aqueous dispersion for evaluation (49% solid content), 4 parts of methanol, 11 parts of isopropyl alcohol, 3 parts of Plysurf M208B methanol solution (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) and 2 parts of butyl cellosolve are added in order. Then, after stirring well, the mixture was filtered through a 300-mesh nylon bottle to make a paint for evaluation.
[0038]
<Method for creating test for evaluation>
The prepared coating material for evaluation was diluted with isopropyl alcohol so that it would be 10 to 12 seconds in a Zahn cup No. 4 on a test paper (multipurpose measuring paper No. D-111 Dazai Equipment Co., Ltd.). After coating, immediately after coating and drying in a dryer at 100 ° C. for 10 seconds, an endless press machine operated at a press temperature of 120 ° C., a press pressure of 25 MPa, and a belt speed of 20 m / min (Matsumoto Machinery Co., Ltd.) A test paper for evaluation was obtained by pressing through a CR-5 type).
[0039]
<Evaluation of film formability>
Bar coater no. 6 was applied so that the coating film was 2 to 3 μm, and allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 hour, and the occurrence of cracks was evaluated according to the following criteria.
A: No cracks are generated.
○: A slight crack is generated in the peripheral portion.
(Triangle | delta): The crack has generate | occur | produced as a whole.
X: A film is not formed.
[0040]
<Evaluation of blocking resistance>
The test paper for evaluation is cut into a square of 10 square centimeters, the painted surfaces are put together and overlapped, and 500 g / cm in an environment of humidity 40% and temperature 50 ° C. 2 After being held for 24 hours in a state of applying the pressure, the method of peeling when the test paper was taken out and removed from the stacked state was evaluated according to the following criteria.
(Double-circle): It can peel easily by hand and there is no adhesion | attachment of the overlapped parts.
○: Although force is required compared with ◎, it can be peeled by hand.
Δ: Can be peeled off by hand by applying force in the same manner as in ○, but there are parts where the paint is peeled off due to adhesion between the overlapping parts.
X: It cannot peel.
[0041]
<Gloss evaluation>
The surface gloss value of the test paper for evaluation was measured at a measurement angle of 60 ° C. using a variable angle gloss meter VG-2000 manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.
[0042]
<Abrasion resistance evaluation>
Place the copy paper (Mitsubishi Recycled PPC Paper manufactured by Mitsubishi Paper Industries Co., Ltd.) cut into 2cm square on the test paper for evaluation, and put it on the Gakushin type dyeing friction fastness tester so that a load of 500g is applied on the copy paper. After mounting and reciprocating 50 times, the degree of damage on the evaluation test paper was judged according to the following criteria.
A: No scratches are observed on the test paper for evaluation.
○: The test paper for evaluation is slightly scratched, but the copy paper has no ink printed on the test paper itself.
Δ: The test paper for evaluation has obvious scratches, and the copy paper has a small amount of ink printed on the test paper itself.
×: The surface of the test paper for evaluation itself is shaved, and the copy paper has the ink printed on the test paper itself on the entire surface.
[0043]
<Method for producing copolymer (X)>
(Production Example 1)
In a polymerization reactor equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and a reflux condenser, 200 parts of deionized water and 0.2 part of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 80%, degree of polymerization 1,700) were added and stirred. A solution in which a polymerization initiator and a chain transfer agent are dissolved in a monomer mixture (A) shown in Table 1 that has been weighed in a separate beaker is added to a solution in which polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved. The reaction was carried out at 80 ° C. for 2 hours and 30 minutes with stirring, and then the temperature was raised to 90 ° C. and maintained for 1 hour to complete the reaction. Next, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, and the polymer particles and the aqueous medium are separated using a 300 mesh nylon candy, and the obtained polymer particles are sufficiently washed with deionized water and then dried in a dryer at 50 ° C. for 24 hours. A copolymer (X1) shown in Table 2 was obtained.
[0044]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004031225
[0045]
(Production Examples 2-9)
Using a polymerization initiator and a chain transfer agent for the monomer mixture (A) shown in Table 2 in the same manner as in Production Example 1, copolymers (X2 to X9) shown in Table 2 were obtained.
[0046]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004031225
[0047]
<Method for producing butadiene polymer dispersion of constituent components of vinyl monomer mixture (B)>
138.6 parts of deionized water, 5 parts of Sannol NP-2030 (30% active anionic emulsifier manufactured by Lion Corporation), 0.2 part of sodium sulfate, 0.3 part of Rongalite, Herbutyl H-69 (Nippon Yushi ( Co., Ltd. Peroxide-based initiator active ingredient 69%) 1 part, t-dodecyl mercaptan 0.2 part, and after sufficient nitrogen substitution, 18.3 parts 1,3 butadiene is charged, the internal temperature is 50 The temperature was raised to ° C. Next, 0.2 parts of sodium pyrophosphate and 0.003 part of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate dissolved in 6 parts of deionized water were added to initiate polymerization. One hour after the start of polymerization, the internal temperature was raised to 60 ° C., and 81.12 parts of 1,3 butadiene was added dropwise over 140 minutes. 12 hours after completion of the dropping, the remaining 1,3 butadiene was removed, the solid content was 40.1% by weight, the average particle size was 80 nm, and the viscosity was 100 mPa.s. A butadiene polymer dispersion of s was obtained.
[0048]
Example 1
In a polymerization reactor equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a reflux condenser, 70 parts of copolymer (X1) of Production Example 1 was charged with the same amount of deionized water, and the temperature was raised to 70 ° C. while stirring at 200 rpm. . When the internal temperature reached 70 ° C., 3.0 parts of 28% ammonia water was added while stirring and left for 30 minutes. Next, 0.2 parts of Rongalite, 0.2 parts of sodium pyrophosphate and 0.003 part of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate dissolved in 6 parts of deionized water were added, and the monomer mixture shown in Table 2 was added to the beaker. (B), deionized water in the same amount as the monomer mixture (B), emulsifiers shown in Table 2, and Herbutyl H-69 (Nippon Yushi Co., Ltd. peroxide-based initiator active ingredient 69%) 0.05 What mixed the part was dripped over 1 hour and 30 minutes, and emulsion polymerization of the monomer mixture (B) was performed. After 30 minutes, the monomer mixture (C) shown in Table 2 in the beaker, the same amount of deionized water as the monomer mixture (C), the emulsifier shown in Table 2, and Herbutyl H-69 (manufactured by NOF Corporation) A mixture of 0.05 parts of an oxide-based initiator active ingredient (69%) was added dropwise over 1 hour 30 minutes, and emulsion polymerization of the monomer mixture (C) was carried out to obtain an aqueous dispersion. Table 3 shows the characteristic values of the obtained aqueous dispersion and the performance evaluation results as a coating material. In addition, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of each polymer from a monomer mixture (B) and a monomer mixture (B) was calculated | required from the formula of the said Fox from Tg of the homopolymer shown in Table 1.
[0049]
(Examples 2 to 8)
An aqueous dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, using the copolymers (X2 to X9), monomer mixture (B), monomer mixture (C) and emulsifier shown in Table 3.
In addition, the butadiene polymer used as a constituent component of the monomer mixture (B) in Example 3 and Example 8 is used as it is in the liquid state as described in the method for producing a butadiene polymer dispersion, After mixing a predetermined amount into the aqueous dispersion and / or aqueous solution of copolymer (X) without mixing with other vinyl monomer mixture (B), other vinyl monomer mixture (B) Was added dropwise without adding deionized water, and the same amount of deionized water as that of the last dropped vinyl monomer mixture was added. Table 3 shows the characteristic values of the obtained aqueous dispersion and the performance evaluation results as a coating material. In addition, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of each polymer from a monomer mixture (B) and a monomer mixture (B) was calculated | required from the formula of the said Fox from Tg of the homopolymer shown in Table 1.
[0050]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004031225
[0051]
(Comparative Examples 1-6)
Polymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, using the copolymer (X), monomer mixture (B), monomer mixture (C) and emulsifier shown in Table 4. Table 4 shows the characteristic values of the obtained aqueous dispersion and the results of performance evaluation as a paint. In Comparative Example 2, polymerization was unstable and an aqueous dispersion that could be evaluated was not obtained. Further, the aqueous dispersions obtained in Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 5 had poor film-forming properties, and it was not possible to prepare test papers for performance evaluation.
[0052]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004031225
[0053]
【The invention's effect】
The aqueous coating material of the present invention is obtained by subjecting a vinyl monomer mixture to emulsion polymerization in two stages in an aqueous dispersion or aqueous solution of a specific copolymer, and a polymer having a specific glass transition temperature. By comprising an aqueous dispersion containing, it is possible to achieve both film forming property and blocking resistance at the opposite normal temperature, and contains a conjugated diene monomer or a polymer of a conjugated diene monomer In addition to film-forming properties and blocking resistance, it has excellent wear resistance. Since the aqueous coating material of the present invention can form a film having excellent film performance as described above, it is useful in a wide range of fields such as paints, printing inks or adhesives or paper, textile processing agents, In particular, it is suitably used as an aqueous varnish for paper polishing by press working.

Claims (3)

酸基含有ビニル系単量体を含むビニル系単量体混合物(A)をラジカル共重合して得られる共重合体(X)の水性分散液又は水溶液中で、ビニル系単量体混合物(B)の乳化重合を行った後、ビニル系単量体混合物(C)の乳化重合を行って得られ、かつ重合の際に用いたビニル系単量体混合物(A)、ビニル系単量体混合物(B)及びビニル系単量体混合物(C)が、それらの総和を100質量%としたときに、
(1)ビニル系単量体混合物(A)20〜70質量%
(2)ビニル系単量体混合物(B)10〜60質量%
(3)ビニル系単量体混合物(C)20〜70質量%
であり、ビニル系単量体混合物(B)から計算される重合体のガラス転移温度が10℃以下、ビニル系単量体混合物(C)から計算される重合体のガラス転移温度が70℃以上である、水性分散液からなることを特徴とする水性被覆材。
In an aqueous dispersion or aqueous solution of a copolymer (X) obtained by radical copolymerization of a vinyl monomer mixture (A) containing an acid group-containing vinyl monomer, a vinyl monomer mixture (B ), Followed by emulsion polymerization of the vinyl monomer mixture (C), and the vinyl monomer mixture (A) and vinyl monomer mixture used in the polymerization. When (B) and the vinyl-based monomer mixture (C) are 100% by mass of their total,
(1) Vinyl monomer mixture (A) 20 to 70% by mass
(2) Vinyl monomer mixture (B) 10-60 mass%
(3) Vinyl monomer mixture (C) 20-70% by mass
The glass transition temperature of the polymer calculated from the vinyl monomer mixture (B) is 10 ° C. or lower, and the glass transition temperature of the polymer calculated from the vinyl monomer mixture (C) is 70 ° C. or higher. An aqueous coating material comprising an aqueous dispersion.
ビニル系単量体混合物(B)の構成成分として共役ジエン系単量体及び/又はその重合体が含有されている請求項1記載の水性被覆材。  The aqueous coating material according to claim 1, wherein a conjugated diene monomer and / or a polymer thereof is contained as a constituent component of the vinyl monomer mixture (B). 請求項1記載の水性被覆材で艶出加工された艶出加工紙。  A polished paper that has been polished with the aqueous coating material according to claim 1.
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