JP4027525B2

JP4027525B2 - Rice transplanter

Info

Publication number: JP4027525B2
Application number: JP03949899A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 悟岡田; 実小山; 陽一朗西
Original assignee: Yanma Agricultural Equipment Co Ltd
Current assignee: Yanma Agricultural Equipment Co Ltd
Priority date: 1999-02-18
Filing date: 1999-02-18
Publication date: 2007-12-26
Anticipated expiration: 2019-02-18
Also published as: JP2000236714A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は例えば苗載台及び植付爪を備えて連続的に苗植作業を行う田植機に関する。
【０００２】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
例えば田植機の作業速度の変更にあっては、エンジンで行うアクセル操作と、ミッションケースで行う主変速操作と、主変速の「植付」操作時に無段変速機構を作動させて行う副変速操作とがあり、植付作業中の植付作業速度の変更操作はアクセル操作と副変速操作の２系統によって通常行われているが、このような２系統による変速操作は操作が複雑で操作性が悪いという不都合がある。そこでアクセル操作と副変速操作とを１本化させて何れか一方で連動操作するようにした手段があるが、植付作業中以外の路上走行や後進走行などではこれらの連動をその都度解除させる必要がある。また植付作業中にアクセル操作と副変速操作とを連動させた構造にあって、アクセル操作によるエンジン回転数に無段変速機構の速比を比例的に変更制御する構成の場合、エンジン回転数の最大値及び最小値付近では速比も最高速及び最低速値となって、エンジン回転数のばらつきの比較的多い最高速及び最低速回転域での作業速度を不安定とさせる不都合がある。さらにエンジンの最大回転出力時で走行負荷が大のときにはエンジン回転数が低下してエンジン出力で駆動する植付部の昇降機構や水平制御機構（油圧ポンプ）の性能も低下させるなどの不都合がある。
【０００３】
【０００４】
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項１に係る発明は、エンジンの回転を変速操作するアクセル操作部材と、エンジンの回転出力を無段変速させて作業速度を変更する無段変速機構と、前記無段変速機構の速比を変更する変速レバーと、前記無段変速機構の回転出力によって駆動する植付部とを備え、アクセル操作部材による前記エンジンの一定低回転域においては、前記無段変速機構の速比を最低速値に保持し、前記アクセル操作部材による前記エンジンの一定高回転域においては、前記無段変速機構の速比を最高速値に保持するように構成し、そのエンジンの一定低回転域と一定高回転域との間の中間回転域では前記エンジンの回転数に比例して前記無段変速機構の速比が変更されるように構成してなる田植機において、前記無段変速機構の速比を変更する増速ペダルを備え、前記無段変速機構の出力を継断する主クラッチが切りのときには、前記無段変速機構の速比を最低速値に保持するように構成し、前記主クラッチが入りであっても、前記植付部への動力を継断する植付クラッチが切りで、且つ前記増速ペダルが操作されていないときには、前記無段変速機構の速比を最低速値に保持するように構成し、前記主クラッチが入りで、且つ前記植付クラッチが切りで、且つ前記増速ペダルが操作されたときには、前記無段変速機構の速比が最低速から中間速に増速されるように構成したものであるから、作業の能率向上を図ると共に、エンジンの高回転及び低回転付近での作業速度を安定させて、作業性を向上させる。圃場内や路上での低速走行中、増速ペダルの操作によって増速して移動できる。
【０００６】
請求項２に係る発明は、前記エンジンの回転数に対する前記無段変速機構の速比を複数のモードに変更するモード変更手段を設けた構造であって、前記主クラッチが入りで、且つ前記植付クラッチが入りのときに、前記エンジンの回転数と、前記モード変更手段によって設定されたモードとに基づき、目標速比が演算されて、前記無段変速機構の出力が増速又は減速されるように構成したものであるから、走行負荷の大きい圃場（耕盤が深い、粘土質、表面が硬い）等の各種作業条件に適したモードを選択して、エンジンの出力を充分に確保できる。
【０００７】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて詳述する。図１は乗用田植機の側面図、図２は同平面図を示し、図中（１）は作業者が搭乗する走行車であり、エンジン（２）を車体フレーム（３）に搭載させ、ミッションケース（４）前方にフロントアクスルケース（５）を介して水田走行用前輪（６）を支持させると共に、前記ミッションケース（４）の後部にリヤアクスルケース（７）を連設し、前記リヤアクスルケース（７）に水田走行用後輪（８）を支持させる。そして前記エンジン（２）等を覆うボンネット（９）両側に予備苗載台（１０）を取付けると共に、乗降ステップ（１１）を介して作業者が搭乗する車体カバー（１２）によって前記ミッションケース（４）等を覆い、前記車体カバー（１２）上部に運転席（１３）を取付け、その運転席（１３）の前方で前記ボンネット（９）後部に操向ハンドル（１４）を設ける。
【０００８】
また、図中（１５）は６条植え用の苗載台（１６）並びに複数の植付爪（１７）などを具備する植付部であり、前高後低の合成樹脂製の前傾式苗載台（１６）を下部レール（１８）及びガイドレール（１９）を介して植付ケース（２０）に左右往復摺動自在に支持させると共に、一方向に等速回転させるロータリケース（２１）を前記植付ケース（２０）に支持させ、該ケース（２１）の回転軸芯を中心に対称位置に一対の爪ケース（２２）（２２）を配設し、その爪ケース（２２）（２２）先端に植付爪（１７）（１７）を取付ける。また前記植付ケース（２０）の前側にローリング支点軸（２３）を介してヒッチブラケット（２４）を設け、トップリンク（２５）及びロワーリンク（２６）を含む昇降リンク機構（２７）を介して走行車（１）後側にヒッチブラケット（２４）を連結させ、前記リンク機構（２７）を介して植付部（１５）を昇降させる油圧昇降シリンダ（２８）をロワーリンク（２６）に連結させ、前記前後輪（６）（８）を走行駆動して移動すると同時に、左右に往復摺動させる苗載台（１６）から一株分の苗を植付爪（１７）によって取出し、連続的に苗植え作業を行うように構成する。
【０００９】
また、図中（２９）は主変速レバー、（３０）は植付レバー、（３１）は感度設定器、（３２）は主クラッチペダル、（３３）（３３）は左右ブレーキペダル、（３４）は２条分均平用センタフロート、（３５）は２条分均平用サイドフロート、（３６）は６条用の側条施肥機である。
【００１０】
さらに、図３、図４に示す如く、前低後高（傾斜角約４度）に傾斜させる前記車体フレーム（３）前部上面に架台（３７）…を一体固定させ、架台（３７）…の上面に防振ゴム（３８）…及びエンジン台（３９）を介して前記エンジン（２）を上載させ、前記エンジン（２）の左側に燃料タンク（４０）を、またエンジン（２）の右側にマフラー（４１）を取付けると共に、車体フレーム（３）前端側略中央にバッテリ（４３）を取付けている。
【００１１】
またさらに、前記車体フレーム（３）にケース台（４４）を一体固定させ、ケース台（４４）にステアリングケース（４５）を取付け、ハンドル筒体（４６）に内挿させる操向ハンドル（１４）のステアリング軸（１４ａ）を、左右車体フレーム（３）（３）間の略中央でステアリングケース（４５）上面に立設させると共に、ステアリングケース（４５）下面に出力軸（４７）を突設させ、左右の前輪（６）（６）を方向転換させる操向アーム（４８）を前記出力軸（４７）に取付けている。
【００１２】
また、前記エンジン（２）下方のエンジン台（３９）下側に、前後方向に略水平な円筒形の軸受体（４９）を熔接固定させ、前記軸受体（４９）にカウンタ軸（５０）を挿通支持させ、軸受体（４９）前方に突出させるカウンタ軸（５０）前端にカウンタプーリ（５１）を取付けると共に、左右車体フレーム（３）（３）間の略中央上方でエンジン（２）の前方にエンジン出力軸（５２）を突設させ、該出力軸（５２）に出力プーリ（５３）を取付け、該出力プーリ（５３）を前記カウンタプーリ（５１）にＶベルト（５４）を介して連結させている。
【００１３】
さらに、前記車体フレーム（３）後端部にリヤアクスルケース（７）をボルト止め固定させ、前記リヤアクスルケース（７）前面にミッションケース（４）後面を連結固定させると共に、ミッションケース（４）の右側前面にクラッチケース（５５）を一体形成し、クラッチケース（５５）前面に無段ベルト変速ケース（５６）右側後面を嵌合固定させ、また昇降シリンダ（２８）を作動させる油圧ポンプ（５７）をベルト変速ケース（５６）の左側後面に固定させるもので、四角パイプ形の左右車体フレーム（３）（３）の間でこの上面よりも低位置に前記各ケース（４）（５５）（５６）及び油圧ポンプ（５７）を吊下げ固定させ、ユニバーサルジョイント付き伝動軸（５８）を前記カウンタ軸（５０）後端とベルト変速ケース（５６）間に設け、エンジン（２）出力をベルト変速ケース（５６）に伝えると共に、フロントアクスルケース（５）とミッションケース（４）間に前輪伝動軸（５９）を設け、ミッションケース（４）の変速出力を各アクスルケース（５）（７）を介して前後輪（６）（８）に伝えるように構成している。
【００１４】
図７に示す如く、電動式変速モータ（電動シリンダ）（６０）の操作でもって巻付け径を変化させて変速比を無段階に変更する入出力プーリ（６１）（６２）及びＶベルト（６３）で構成する副変速部であるベルト式無段変速機構（６４）をベルト変速ケース（５６）に内設させ、主クラッチペダル（３２）によって断続操作する多板摩擦形乾式主クラッチ（６５）を前記クラッチケース（５５）に内設させ、ベルト変速ケース（５６）の出力軸（６６）をミッションケース（４）の入力軸（６７）に前記主クラッチ（６５）を介して連結させて、前記変速モータ（６０）でもって副変速である植付作業速度を変速するように構成している。
【００１５】
また、前記入力軸（６７）に走行変速ギヤ機構（６８）を介して走行出力軸（６９）を連結させ、前後輪（６）（８）に前後輪伝動軸（５９）（７０）を介して前記走行出力軸（６９）を連結させ、前後輪（６）（８）を駆動すると共に、前記入力軸（６７）にＰＴＯ変速ギヤ機構（７１）及び植付クラッチ（７２）を介してＰＴＯ軸（７３）を連結させ、ＰＴＯ軸（７３）を介して植付部（１５）を駆動し、また変速ケース（４）近くでＰＴＯ軸（７３）出力をスプロケット（７４）により分岐して施肥機（３６）を駆動するように構成している。なお（７５）は前記昇降シリンダ（２８）を作動する油圧ポンプである。また前記変速モータ（６０）に換え電磁操作式油圧シリンダを用いて無段変速機構（６４）の速比を変更させても良く、さらにベルト式無段変速機構（６４）に換え油圧式無段変速機構（ＨＳＴ）を用いても良い。
【００１６】
図５、図６に示す如く、前記変速モータ（６０）は左右車体フレーム（３）の後部内側に略平行で前低後高に一体連結させる左右サブフレーム（７６）の左サブフレーム（７６）に取付けるもので、左サブフレーム（７６）の固定ブラケット（７７）に枢支軸（７８）を介し変速モータ（６０）の基端を上下動自在に取付けると共に、前記無段変速機構（６４）を内設する変速ケース（５６）前面の変速レバー（７９）に連結リンク（８０）・引上げアーム（８１）を介して変速モータ（６０）のモータ軸（６０ａ）を連結させ、変速モータ（６０）の駆動によるモータ軸（６０ａ）の伸縮動作でもって変速レバー（７９）を操作して無段変速機構（６４）を変速させ速比を変更するように構成している。
【００１７】
前記引上げアーム（８１）は左車体フレーム（３）上に横軸（８２）を介し中間部を揺動自在に枢支させ、一端側を前記モータ軸（６０ａ）に、他端側を前記リンク（８０）にそれぞれ連結させて、変速モータ（６０）からの変速操作出力を変速レバー（７９）に伝えると共に、左車体フレーム（３）に取付板（８３）などを介し固設するポテンショメータ式速比センサ（８４）のセンサアーム（８５）と、前記引上げアーム（８１）の検出軸（８６）とを係合連結させて、前記変速モータ（６０）によって引上げアーム（８１）を揺動させて無段変速機構（６４）を変速操作するときの速比を速比センサ（８４）で検出するように構成している。
【００１８】
図２、図８、図９に示す如く、前記右車体フレーム（３）より右外側でブレーキペダル（３３）近傍にアクセル操作部材であるアクセルペダル（８７）を配設して、該ペダル（８７）のペダル軸（８８）に固設するペダルアーム（８９）と、エンジン（２）の燃料供給量制御を行うエンジン（２）のスロットル部（２ａ）とをアクセルワイヤ（９０）を介し連動連結させると共に、ペダルアーム（８９）先端に固設する検出軸（９１）と右車体フレーム（３）側に固定するポテンショメータ式アクセルセンサ（９２）のセンサアーム（９３）とを係合連結させて、アクセルペダル（８７）の踏込み操作量（エンジン回転数の増減速）をアクセルセンサ（９２）でもって検出するように構成している。そしてアクセルセンサ（９３）或いは後述するエンジン回転センサ（１０３）でエンジン回転数を検出するとき、エンジン回転数に応じ設定される速比に前記変速モータ（６０）を駆動制御するように構成している。
【００１９】
また、運転席（１３）の下方足元部に配設する増速操作部材である増速ペダル（９４）に、該ペダル（９４）の増速操作を検出する増速スイッチ（９５）を設けて、前記無段変速機構（６４）の最低速時にあって、増速ペダル（９４）が増速操作（スイッチ（９５）がオン）されるとき中間速まで無段変速機構（６４）を増速させるように構成している。
【００２０】
そして図９に示す如く、前記エンジン（２）の駆動及びエンジン出力軸（５２）の回転数を検出するピッチアップ型エンジン回転センサ（９６）と、前記主クラッチペダル（３２）の入切を検出する主クラッチスイッチ（９７）と、前記植付クラッチ（７２）の入切を検出する速比制御切換手段である植付スイッチ（９８）と、エンジン回転数と無段変速機構（６４）の速比との関係を設定するモード（Ａ１）（Ａ２）（Ａ３）を切換えるモード変更手段であるモード切換スイッチ（９９）と、前記速比及びアクセルセンサ（８４）（９２）と、増速スイッチ（９５）とをコントローラ（１００）に接続させると共に、前記変速モータ（６０）にリレー回路（１０１）を介してコントローラ（１００）を接続させて、ペダル（８７）操作によってエンジン回転数を変更するとき無段変速機構（６４）の速比もこれに応じて変更して、単一のペダル（８７）操作でエンジン回転数と速比の同時の変更を行うように構成している。
【００２１】
本実施例は上記の如く構成するものにして、図１０のフローチャートに示す如く、前記エンジン（２）の駆動中で主クラッチスイッチ（９７）がオフ（主クラッチが入）で植付スイッチ（９８）がオン（植付クラッチ（７２）が入）の植付作業中にあるとき、前記エンジン回転センサ（９６）でエンジン回転数（Ｎ）が読込まれ、図１１に示す如き目標の植付作業速度（０．２〜１．４ｍ／ｓ）のモード（Ｂ）を得るように予め設定されるエンジン回転数（Ｎ）と無段変速機構（６４）の速比との関係モード（Ａ）より、この回転数（Ｎ）に応じた目標の速比（Ｖ１）（Ｖ１＝ａＮ＋ｂａ，ｂ定数）が計算される。そして計算後にあっては図１２にも示す如く、前記速比センサ（８４）で検出される速比（Ｖ２）と目標の速比（Ｖ１）との差（｜Ｖ１−Ｖ２｜）が不感帯（Ｖ０）以上のとき、この差（｜Ｖ１−Ｖ２｜）を不感帯（Ｖ０）に入れて｜Ｖ１−Ｖ２｜＜Ｖ０とする変速モータ（６０）の増減速制御が行われる。
【００２２】
また、主クラッチスイッチ（９７）がオンの機体の走行停止時或いは植付スイッチ（９８）がオフの非刈取作業時（後進・旋回・路上走行など）には、速比を最低速（Ｌ）に保って後進や旋回作業を安定良好なものとさせると共に、主クラッチスイッチ（９７）がオフとなる機体の走行開始時の急発進を防止する。
【００２３】
さらに、非作業中の圃場内や路上走行で、増速ペダル（９４）が増速され増速スイッチ（９５）がオンとなるときには、速比を最低速（Ｌ）より中間速（Ｍ）まで増速させてこれら作業のスピーディ化を図るものである。
【００２４】
また、このような変速モータ（６０）による無段変速機構（６４）の速比の変更制御は、エンジン（２）の駆動中のみ行って変速用入出力プーリ（６１）（６２）の巻付け径を変化させるときのモータ負荷を小とさせて、変速モータ（６０）の性能保持を図るものである。
【００２５】
図１３乃至図１５に示すものは、エンジン回転数（Ｎ）の低回転及び高回転の一定回転域である一定区間（ａ）（ｂ）の速比を最低速（Ｌ）及び最高速（Ｈ）に保持させるモード（Ａ１）を用いて制御を行う構成例を示すもので、低回転側のエンジン回転数（Ｎ）（Ｎ＝１７００〜１９００ｒｐｍ）の一定区間（ａ）で速比を最低速（Ｌ）に保持させる場合、この低回転側での植付作業速度の所定以上の低下を防止して、エンジン（２）の低回転域での馬力不足状態を解消させると共に、低回転域でエンジン回転数（Ｎ）がばらついた場合でも一定値（Ｌ）を保つ速比によって作業速度を略最低速に確実に維持させた良好な低速作業を行うように構成するものである。
【００２６】
一方、高回転側のエンジン回転数（Ｎ）（Ｎ＝３４００〜３９００ｒｐｍ）の一定区間（ｂ）で速比を最高速（Ｈ）に保持させる場合、使用頻度の高いエンジン（２）の高回転域で作業速度が減速する頻度を低減させて、安定した作業速度を確保して作業の高能率化を図るように構成するものである。
【００２７】
そしてエンジン回転数（Ｎ）の最低速区間（ａ）と最高速区間（ｂ）との間の中間回転域である一定区間（ｃ）（ｃ＝１９００〜３４００ｒｐｍ）にあっては、エンジン回転数（Ｎ）に速比を比例させて高速側に変更させ、アクセル操作の操作量に作業速度を加速比例させて、アクセル操作による作業速度のスムーズにして良好な増減速制御を可能とさせるように構成するものである。
【００２８】
またこの場合、エンジン回転数（Ｎ）と無段変速機構（６４）の速比との関係を設定するモード（Ａ１）は、圃場条件（耕盤が深い、粘土質、表面が硬いなど）や機械条件（補助車輪の有無など）に応じ選択可能なようにこの他に複数モード（Ａ２）（Ａ３）を有して、圃場条件及び機械条件に最適のモード（Ａ１）或いは（Ａ２）或いは（Ａ３）（例えば通常条件ではＡ１、走行負荷が一定以内或いは以上に大のときＡ２、Ａ３）を前記切換スイッチ（９９）で選択して目標の速比（Ｖ１）を計算し変速モータ（６０）を駆動制御して、圃場条件及び機械条件に最適の植付作業速度で作業を行うように構成するものである。
【００２９】
なお前述実施例にあっては、アクセル操作部材としてアクセルペダル（８７）を用いる構成を示したが、図２に示す如きアクセルレバー（１０２）によっても同様にエンジン回転数（Ｎ）と無段変速機構（６４）の速比の変更を可能とさせるものである。
【００３０】
【００３１】
【００３２】
【発明の効果】
以上実施例から明らかなように、請求項１に係る発明は、エンジン（２）の回転を変速操作するアクセル操作部材としてのアクセルペダル（８７）と、エンジン（２）の回転出力を無段変速させて作業速度を変更する無段変速機構（６４）と、無段変速機構（６４）の速比を変更する変速レバーと、無段変速機構（６４）の回転出力によって駆動する植付部（１５）とを備え、アクセルペダル（８７）によるエンジン（２）の一定低回転域（ａ）においては、無段変速機構（６４）の速比を最低速値（Ｌ）に保持し、アクセルペダル（８７）によるエンジン（２）の一定高回転域（ｂ）においては、無段変速機構（６４）の速比を最高速値（Ｈ）に保持するように構成し、そのエンジン（２）の一定低回転域（ａ）と一定高回転域（ｂ）との間の中間回転域（ｃ）ではエンジン（２）の回転数（Ｎ）に比例して無段変速機構（６４）の速比が変更されるように構成してなる田植機において、無段変速機構（６４）の速比を変更する増速ペダル（９４）を備え、無段変速機構（６４）の出力を継断する主クラッチ（６５）が切りのときには、無段変速機構（６４）の速比を最低速値（Ｌ）に保持するように構成し、主クラッチ（６５）が入りであっても、植付部（１５）への動力を継断する植付クラッチ（７２）が切りで、且つ増速ペダル（９４）が操作されていないときには、無段変速機構（６４）の速比を最低速値（Ｌ）に保持するように構成し、主クラッチ（６５）が入りで、且つ植付クラッチ（７２）が切りで、且つ前記増速ペダル（９４）が操作されたときには、無段変速機構（６４）の速比が最低速から中間速に増速されるように構成したものであるから、作業の能率向上を図ると共に、エンジン（２）の高回転及び低回転付近での作業速度を安定させて、作業性を向上させる。圃場内や路上での低速走行中、増速ペダル（９４）の操作によって増速して移動できる。
【００３３】
請求項２に係る発明は、前記エンジン（２）の回転数（Ｎ）に対する前記無段変速機構（６４）の速比を複数のモード（Ａ１）（Ａ２）（Ａ３）に変更するモード変更手段（９９）を設けた構造であって、前記主クラッチ（６５）が入りで、且つ前記植付クラッチ（７２）が入りのときに、前記エンジン（２）の回転数と、前記モード変更手段（９９）によって設定されたモード（Ａ１）（Ａ２）（Ａ３）とに基づき、目標速比が演算されて、前記無段変速機構（６４）の出力が増速又は減速されるように構成したものであるから、走行負荷の大きい圃場（耕盤が深い、粘土質、表面が硬い）等の各種作業条件に適したモード（Ａ１）（Ａ２）（Ａ３）を選択して、エンジン（２）の出力を充分に確保できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】田植機の全体側面図である。
【図２】田植機の全体平面図である。
【図３】走行車体の側面説明図である。
【図４】走行車体の平面説明図である。
【図５】変速ケース部の側面説明図である。
【図６】変速モータ部の側面説明図である。
【図７】ミッションケースの駆動系の説明図である。
【図８】アクセルペダル部の説明図である。
【図９】制御回路図である。
【図１０】フローチャートである。
【図１１】エンジン回転数と速比を作業速度の関係に示す線図である。
【図１２】制御の説明線図である。
【図１３】フローチャートである。
【図１４】制御の説明線図である。
【図１５】切換モードの線図である。
【符号の説明】
（２）エンジン
（１５）植付部
（６４）無段変速機構
（６５）主クラッチ
（７２）植付クラッチ
（８７）アクセルペダル（アクセル操作部材）
（９４）増速ペダル
（９８）植付スイッチ（速比制御切換手段）
（９９）モード切換スイッチ（モード変更手段）
（Ａ１）（Ａ２）（Ａ３）モード
（ａ）一定低回転域
（ｂ）一定高回転域
（ｃ）中間回転域
（Ｍ）中間速
（Ｌ）最低速
（Ｈ）最高速[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a planting machine which continuously perform NaeUe work includes, for example, seedling mounting table and the planting claw.
[0002]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
For example, when changing the working speed of a rice transplanter, the accelerator operation performed by the engine, the main shift operation performed by the transmission case, and the sub-shift operation performed by operating the continuously variable transmission mechanism during the "planting" operation of the main shift The operation for changing the planting work speed during the planting work is normally performed by two systems of an accelerator operation and a sub-shift operation. However, such a two-system shift operation is complicated and easy to operate. There is inconvenience that it is bad. Therefore, there is a means to unify the accelerator operation and the sub-shift operation, and operate either one of them, but these linkages are canceled each time when traveling on the road or reverse traveling other than during planting work. There is a need. Also, when the structure is such that the accelerator operation and the sub-shift operation are linked during planting work and the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism is changed proportionally to the engine speed by the accelerator operation, the engine speed In the vicinity of the maximum value and the minimum value, the speed ratio also becomes the maximum speed and the minimum speed value, and there is a disadvantage that the working speed is unstable in the maximum speed and minimum speed rotation regions where the engine speed variation is relatively large. In addition, when the engine is running at a maximum rotational output and the traveling load is large, the engine rotational speed is lowered, and there is a disadvantage in that the performance of the lifting mechanism and the horizontal control mechanism (hydraulic pump) of the planting unit driven by the engine output is also reduced. .
[0003]
[0004]
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an accelerator operating member for shifting the rotation of the engine, a continuously variable transmission mechanism for changing the working speed by continuously changing the rotational output of the engine, and a speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism. A variable speed lever to be changed, and a planting portion that is driven by the rotational output of the continuously variable transmission mechanism, and the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism is set to a minimum speed value in a constant low rotation range of the engine by the accelerator operation member. The speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism is maintained at the highest speed value in the constant high rotation range of the engine by the accelerator operation member, and the constant low rotation range and constant high rotation speed of the engine are configured. In a rice transplanter configured to change the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism in proportion to the rotational speed of the engine in an intermediate rotational range between the speed range and the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism. Speed up pedal Provided, when the main clutch that cuts off the output of the continuously variable transmission mechanism is disengaged, the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism is configured to be kept at the lowest speed value, and even if the main clutch is engaged, When the planting clutch that cuts power to the planting part is disengaged and the speed increasing pedal is not operated, the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism is configured to be maintained at the minimum speed value, When the main clutch is engaged, the planting clutch is disengaged, and the speed increasing pedal is operated, the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism is increased from the lowest speed to an intermediate speed. Therefore, the efficiency of work is improved, and the work speed near the high and low engine speeds is stabilized to improve workability. During low-speed traveling in the field or on the road, the vehicle can move at an increased speed by operating the speed-increasing pedal.
[0006]
The invention according to claim 2 is a structure provided with mode changing means for changing the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism to the number of rotations of the engine into a plurality of modes, wherein the main clutch is engaged and the planting is performed. When the attached clutch is engaged, a target speed ratio is calculated based on the engine speed and the mode set by the mode changing means, and the output of the continuously variable transmission mechanism is increased or decreased. Thus , the engine output can be sufficiently secured by selecting a mode suitable for various work conditions such as a field with a heavy traveling load (a deep tillage, clay, and a hard surface) .
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view of a passenger rice transplanter, and FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof. In FIG. 1, (1) is a traveling vehicle on which an operator is boarded, and an engine (2) is mounted on a body frame (3). A front axle case (5) is supported in front of the case (4) via a front axle case (5), and a rear axle case (7) is connected to the rear part of the transmission case (4), and the rear axle case ( 7) support the rear wheels (8) for paddy field travel. The spare seedling platforms (10) are attached to both sides of the bonnet (9) covering the engine (2) and the like, and the transmission case (4) is mounted by the vehicle body cover (12) on which the operator gets on via the getting-on / off step (11). ) And the like, and a driver's seat (13) is attached to the upper part of the vehicle body cover (12), and a steering handle (14) is provided at the rear of the bonnet (9) in front of the driver's seat (13).
[0008]
Further, in the figure, (15) is a planting part having a seedling mount (16) for six-row planting and a plurality of planting claws (17), etc. A rotary case (21) for supporting the seedling stage (16) on the planting case (20) through the lower rail (18) and the guide rail (19) so as to be slidable to the left and right and rotating at a constant speed in one direction. Is supported by the planting case (20), and a pair of claw cases (22) and (22) are arranged at symmetrical positions around the rotational axis of the case (21). The claw cases (22) and (22) ) Attach the planting claws (17) and (17) to the tip. Further, a hitch bracket (24) is provided on the front side of the planting case (20) via a rolling fulcrum shaft (23), and a lifting link mechanism (27) including a top link (25) and a lower link (26) is provided. A hitch bracket (24) is connected to the rear side of the traveling vehicle (1), and a hydraulic lifting cylinder (28) for moving the planting part (15) up and down via the link mechanism (27) is connected to the lower link (26). The seedlings (17) are taken out by the planting claws (17) continuously from the seedling mounting base (16) that moves while driving the front and rear wheels (6) and (8). It is configured to perform seedling planting work.
[0009]
In the figure, (29) is the main transmission lever, (30) is the planting lever, (31) is the sensitivity setting device, (32) is the main clutch pedal, (33) and (33) are the left and right brake pedals, (34) Is a center float for leveling of two strips, (35) is a side float for leveling of two strips, and (36) is a side strip fertilizer for six strips.
[0010]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a gantry (37) is integrally fixed to the upper surface of the front portion of the vehicle body frame (3) which is inclined to a front low rear height (an inclination angle of about 4 degrees), and the gantry (37). The engine (2) is mounted on the upper surface of the engine (2) via an anti-vibration rubber (38) and an engine stand (39), a fuel tank (40) is mounted on the left side of the engine (2), and a right side of the engine (2) is mounted. The muffler (41) is attached to the vehicle body, and the battery (43) is attached to the vehicle frame (3) at the front center side.
[0011]
Still further, a steering wheel (14) for fixing a case base (44) to the vehicle body frame (3), attaching a steering case (45) to the case base (44), and inserting the steering wheel into the handle cylinder (46). The steering shaft (14a) is erected on the upper surface of the steering case (45) at the approximate center between the left and right body frames (3) and (3), and the output shaft (47) is projected on the lower surface of the steering case (45). The steering arm (48) for changing the direction of the left and right front wheels (6) (6) is attached to the output shaft (47).
[0012]
A cylindrical bearing body (49) that is substantially horizontal in the front-rear direction is welded and fixed to the lower side of the engine base (39) below the engine (2), and a counter shaft (50) is attached to the bearing body (49). The counter pulley (51) is attached to the front end of the counter shaft (50) that is inserted and supported and protrudes forward of the bearing body (49), and the front of the engine (2) is positioned approximately at the upper center between the left and right body frames (3) and (3). The engine output shaft (52) is projected on the output shaft, the output pulley (53) is attached to the output shaft (52), and the output pulley (53) is connected to the counter pulley (51) via the V belt (54). I am letting.
[0013]
Further, a rear axle case (7) is bolted and fixed to the rear end of the vehicle body frame (3), the rear surface of the transmission case (4) is connected and fixed to the front surface of the rear axle case (7), and the right side of the transmission case (4) A hydraulic pump (57) for integrally forming a clutch case (55) on the front surface, fitting and fixing the right rear surface of the continuously variable belt transmission case (56) on the front surface of the clutch case (55), and operating the lifting cylinder (28). The case (4) (55) (56) is fixed to the left rear surface of the belt transmission case (56), and is positioned lower than the upper surface between the right and left body frames (3) and (3) of the square pipe shape. And the hydraulic pump (57) is suspended and fixed, and the transmission shaft (58) with a universal joint is connected to the rear end of the counter shaft (50) and the belt transmission case (56). The transmission output of the engine (2) is transmitted to the belt transmission case (56), and the front wheel transmission shaft (59) is provided between the front axle case (5) and the transmission case (4), and the transmission output of the transmission case (4) is provided. Is transmitted to the front and rear wheels (6) and (8) through the axle cases (5) and (7).
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 7, an input / output pulley (61) (62) and a V-belt (63) that change the gear ratio steplessly by changing the winding diameter by operating the electric transmission motor (electric cylinder) (60). ) is a sub-transmission portion which constitutes a belt-type continuously variable transmission mechanism (64) was provided inside the belt transmission case (56), the main clutch pedal (32) multiple-plate friction type dry primary clutch that intermittently operated by (65) In the clutch case (55), the output shaft (66) of the belt transmission case (56) is connected to the input shaft (67) of the transmission case (4) via the main clutch (65), The shifting motor (60) is configured to shift the planting work speed, which is a sub-shift.
[0015]
A travel output shaft (69) is connected to the input shaft (67) via a travel transmission gear mechanism (68), and the front and rear wheels (6) and (8) are connected to front and rear wheel transmission shafts (59) and (70). The travel output shaft (69) is connected to drive the front and rear wheels (6) and (8), and the input shaft (67) is connected to the PTO via a PTO transmission gear mechanism (71) and a planting clutch (72). The shaft (73) is connected, the planting part (15) is driven via the PTO shaft (73), and the output of the PTO shaft (73) is branched by the sprocket (74) near the transmission case (4). The machine (36) is configured to be driven. Reference numeral (75) denotes a hydraulic pump that operates the elevating cylinder (28). The speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64) may be changed by using an electromagnetically operated hydraulic cylinder instead of the transmission motor (60). A transmission mechanism (HST) may be used.
[0016]
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the speed change motor (60) is substantially parallel to the inner side of the rear part of the left and right body frame (3) and is integrally connected to the front sub-rear frame and the left sub-frame (76). The base end of the transmission motor (60) is attached to the fixed bracket (77) of the left subframe (76) via the pivot shaft (78) so as to be movable up and down, and the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64). The motor shaft (60a) of the speed change motor (60) is connected to the speed change lever (79) on the front face of the speed change case (56) via the connecting link (80) and the pulling arm (81). ) Is operated to expand and contract the motor shaft (60a), and the speed change lever (79) is operated to shift the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64) to change the speed ratio.
[0017]
The pulling arm (81) pivotally supports an intermediate portion on the left body frame (3) via a horizontal shaft (82) so that the intermediate portion can swing freely. One end side is the motor shaft (60a) and the other end side is the link. (80) are connected to each other to transmit the shift operation output from the shift motor (60) to the shift lever (79), and to the left body frame (3) via a mounting plate (83) or the like. The sensor arm (85) of the ratio sensor (84) and the detection shaft (86) of the pulling arm (81) are engaged and connected, and the pulling arm (81) is swung by the speed change motor (60). The speed ratio sensor (84) detects the speed ratio when the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64) is shifted.
[0018]
As shown in FIGS. 2, 8, and 9, an accelerator pedal (87) that is an accelerator operating member is disposed near the brake pedal (33) on the right outside of the right vehicle body frame (3), and the pedal (87 The pedal arm (89) fixed to the pedal shaft (88) of the engine (2) and the throttle part (2a) of the engine (2) for controlling the fuel supply amount of the engine (2) are linked via an accelerator wire (90). At the same time, the detection shaft (91) fixed to the tip of the pedal arm (89) and the sensor arm (93) of the potentiometer type accelerator sensor (92) fixed to the right body frame (3) side are engaged and connected, The amount of depression of the accelerator pedal (87) (increase / decrease in engine speed) is detected by the accelerator sensor (92). When the engine speed is detected by an accelerator sensor (93) or an engine speed sensor (103) described later, the speed change motor (60) is driven and controlled to a speed ratio set according to the engine speed. Yes.
[0019]
Further, a speed increasing switch (95) for detecting a speed increasing operation of the pedal (94) is provided on a speed increasing pedal (94) which is a speed increasing operation member disposed at a lower foot portion of the driver seat (13). When the speed increasing pedal (94) is operated to increase the speed (the switch (95) is turned on) at the lowest speed of the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64), the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64) is increased to an intermediate speed. It is configured to make it.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 9, the engine (2) is driven and the engine output shaft (52) detects the number of rotations of the pitch-up engine rotation sensor (96) and the main clutch pedal (32) is detected. A main clutch switch (97), a planting switch (98) as speed ratio control switching means for detecting on / off of the planting clutch (72), the engine speed and the speed of the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64). A mode changeover switch (99) which is a mode changing means for switching the modes (A1), (A2) and (A3) for setting the relationship with the ratio; the speed ratio and accelerator sensors (84) (92); 95) is connected to the controller (100), and the controller (100) is connected to the transmission motor (60) via the relay circuit (101), and the pedal (87) is operated. When changing the engine speed, the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64) is also changed accordingly, and the engine speed and speed ratio are changed simultaneously by operating a single pedal (87). It is composed.
[0021]
This embodiment is constructed as described above. As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 10, the main clutch switch (97) is off (the main clutch is engaged) while the engine (2) is being driven, and the planting switch (98 ) Is on (planting clutch (72) is engaged), and the engine speed (N) is read by the engine rotation sensor (96), and the target planting operation as shown in FIG. 11 is performed. From the relationship mode (A) between the engine speed (N) set in advance so as to obtain the speed (0.2 to 1.4 m / s) mode (B) and the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64). Then, a target speed ratio (V1) (V1 = aN + ba, b constant) corresponding to the rotational speed (N) is calculated. After the calculation, as shown in FIG. 12, the difference (| V1-V2 |) between the speed ratio (V2) detected by the speed ratio sensor (84) and the target speed ratio (V1) is a dead zone ( V0) or more, the difference (| V1-V2 |) is put in the dead zone (V0), and the speed increase / decrease control of the transmission motor (60) is performed so that | V1-V2 | <V0.
[0022]
When the main clutch switch (97) is turned off or when the planting switch (98) is off, the speed ratio is set to the minimum speed (L). Thus, the backward and turning operations are made stable and good, and the sudden start at the start of traveling of the airframe in which the main clutch switch (97) is turned off is prevented.
[0023]
Further, when the speed increasing pedal (94) is increased and the speed increasing switch (95) is turned on during traveling in the field or on the road during non-working , the speed ratio is changed from the lowest speed (L) to the intermediate speed (M). The speed is increased to speed up these operations.
[0024]
Further, the speed ratio change control of the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64) by the transmission motor (60) is performed only while the engine (2) is being driven, and the variable speed input / output pulleys (61) (62) are wound. The motor load when changing the diameter is reduced to maintain the performance of the transmission motor (60).
[0025]
In FIGS. 13 to 15, the speed ratio of the constant sections (a) and (b), which are constant rotation regions of low and high engine speed (N), is set to the lowest speed (L) and the highest speed (H ) Is controlled using the mode (A1) held in the control mode, and the speed ratio is lowest in a constant section (a) of the engine speed (N) (N = 1700-1900 rpm ) on the low speed side. When the speed (L) is maintained, the planting work speed on the low rotation side is prevented from being lowered more than a predetermined value, and the insufficient horsepower state in the low rotation range of the engine (2) is resolved. Thus, even when the engine speed (N) varies, the speed ratio that maintains a constant value (L) is used to perform good low-speed work that reliably maintains the work speed at a substantially minimum speed.
[0026]
On the other hand, when the speed ratio is maintained at the highest speed (H) in the constant section (b) of the engine speed (N) (N = 3400 to 3900 rpm) on the high speed side, the high speed of the frequently used engine (2) The frequency at which the work speed is reduced in the region is reduced, and a stable work speed is ensured to improve the work efficiency.
[0027]
In a certain section (c) (c = 1900 to 3400 rpm) that is an intermediate rotation area between the lowest speed section (a) and the highest speed section (b) of the engine speed (N), the engine speed The speed ratio is proportionally changed to (N) and changed to the high speed side, and the work speed is accelerated and proportional to the operation amount of the accelerator operation so that the work speed by the accelerator operation is smoothed and good acceleration / deceleration control is enabled. It constitutes.
[0028]
Further, in this case, the mode (A1) for setting the relationship between the engine speed (N) and the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64) is based on the field conditions (deep cultivated, clayey, hard surface, etc.) In addition to this, there are a plurality of modes (A2) and (A3) so that they can be selected according to the machine conditions (with or without auxiliary wheels, etc.), and the optimum mode (A1) or (A2) or (A A3) (for example, A1, under normal conditions, A2, A3 when the running load is within a certain level or larger than that), the changeover switch (99) is selected to calculate the target speed ratio (V1), and the speed change motor (60) Is controlled so that the work is performed at a planting work speed optimum for the field condition and the machine condition.
[0029]
In the above-described embodiment, the configuration in which the accelerator pedal (87) is used as the accelerator operating member has been described. However, the engine speed (N) and the continuously variable transmission can be similarly achieved by the accelerator lever (102) as shown in FIG. The speed ratio of the mechanism (64) can be changed.
[0030]
[0031]
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above-described embodiments, the invention according to claim 1 is a continuously variable transmission of the accelerator pedal (87) as an accelerator operating member for shifting the rotation of the engine (2) and the rotation output of the engine (2). A continuously variable transmission mechanism (64) that changes the working speed, a transmission lever that changes the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64), and a planting portion that is driven by the rotational output of the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64) ( 15), and in the constant low speed range (a) of the engine (2) by the accelerator pedal (87), the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64) is maintained at the minimum speed value (L), and the accelerator pedal In the constant high rotation range (b) of the engine (2) according to (87), the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64) is maintained at the maximum speed value (H), and the engine (2) The constant low rotation range (a) and the constant high rotation range (b) Of the intermediate speed region (c) the engine (2) rotational speed (N) speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism in proportion (64) is configured to be changed to planting machine, continuously variable transmission mechanism When the main clutch (65) that includes the speed increasing pedal (94) for changing the speed ratio of (64) and disconnects the output of the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64) is disengaged, the speed of the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64) The ratio is maintained at the lowest speed value (L), and even if the main clutch (65) is engaged, the planting clutch (72) that cuts power to the planting part (15) is cut off. When the speed increasing pedal (94) is not operated, the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64) is configured to be maintained at the minimum speed value (L), the main clutch (65) is engaged, and When the planting clutch (72) is disengaged and the speed increasing pedal (94) is operated, the continuously variable transmission Working speed of since it is intended to speed ratio structure (64) is configured to be accelerated from the lowest speed to the intermediate speed, there is ensured the efficiency improvement of the work, in the vicinity of high rotation and low rotation of the engine (2) To improve workability. During low-speed traveling in the field or on the road, the vehicle can be moved at an increased speed by operating the speed increasing pedal (94).
[0033]
The invention according to claim 2 is a mode changing means for changing the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64) to the rotational speed (N) of the engine (2) into a plurality of modes (A1) (A2) (A3). (99), when the main clutch (65) is engaged and the planting clutch (72) is engaged, the rotational speed of the engine (2) and the mode changing means ( 99), the target speed ratio is calculated based on the modes (A1), (A2), and (A3) set by (99), and the output of the continuously variable transmission mechanism (64) is increased or decreased. since it is greater field of road load (plowing machine is deep, clay, surface hard) to select the appropriate mode for the various operating conditions, such as (A1) (A2) (A3), engine (2) Sufficient output can be secured .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall side view of a rice transplanter.
FIG. 2 is an overall plan view of a rice transplanter.
FIG. 3 is a side view of a traveling vehicle body.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory plan view of a traveling vehicle body.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory side view of a transmission case portion.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory side view of a transmission motor unit.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a drive system of a mission case.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of an accelerator pedal unit.
FIG. 9 is a control circuit diagram.
FIG. 10 is a flowchart.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a relationship between engine speed and speed ratio in relation to work speed.
FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of control.
FIG. 13 is a flowchart.
FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of control.
FIG. 15 is a diagram of a switching mode.
[Explanation of symbols]
(2) Engine
(15) Planting part (64) continuously variable transmission mechanism
(65) Main clutch
(72) Planting clutch (87) Accelerator pedal (accelerator operating member)
(94) Speed increasing pedal (98) planting switch (speed ratio control switching means)
(99) Mode selector switch (mode changing means)
(A1) (A2) (A3) mode
(A) Constant low rotation range
(B) Constant high rotation range
(C) Intermediate rotation range (M) Intermediate speed (L) Minimum speed (H) Maximum speed

Claims

An accelerator operating member for shifting the rotation of the engine, a continuously variable transmission mechanism for changing the working speed by continuously changing the rotation output of the engine, a transmission lever for changing the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism, And a planting portion that is driven by the rotational output of the step transmission mechanism, and in a constant low rotation range of the engine by the accelerator operation member, the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism is maintained at a minimum speed value, and the accelerator operation member In the constant high rotation range of the engine, the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism is configured to be maintained at the highest speed value, and an intermediate rotation range between the constant low rotation range and the constant high rotation range of the engine. Then, in the rice transplanter configured to change the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism in proportion to the rotational speed of the engine ,
A speed increasing pedal for changing the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism is provided, and the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism is maintained at the lowest speed value when the main clutch that interrupts the output of the continuously variable transmission mechanism is disengaged. Configured as
Even if the main clutch is engaged, the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism is minimized when the planting clutch that cuts power to the planting part is disengaged and the speed increasing pedal is not operated. Configured to hold at the speed value,
When the main clutch is engaged, the planting clutch is disengaged, and the speed increasing pedal is operated, the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism is increased from the lowest speed to an intermediate speed. Rice transplanter characterized by that.

The structure is provided with mode changing means for changing the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission mechanism with respect to the engine speed to a plurality of modes, and when the main clutch is engaged and the planting clutch is engaged, A target speed ratio is calculated based on the engine speed and the mode set by the mode changing means, and the output of the continuously variable transmission mechanism is increased or decreased. The rice transplanter according to claim 1.