JP4014975B2 - Lightweight boring equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a light-weight boring device used for geological surveys in areas where it is difficult or impossible for a transport vehicle to enter. More specifically, the present invention relates to various materials during disassembly by using a light-weight core drill as a drilling device. The present invention relates to a lightweight boring device in which the weight of a single unit of equipment is within a weight range that can be transported manually. This technology is useful, for example, for ground surveys of power transmission tower foundations constructed in steep mountainous areas.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, there are increasing cases in which a power transmission tower foundation is constructed in a steep mountainous area due to the remote location of power sources and restrictions on the location of a steel tower. The ground survey of the power transmission tower foundation is mainly conducted by laboratory tests such as boring, sounding (standard penetration test), and triaxial compression test using sampling samples. Among them, the boring survey for the purpose of grasping the ground condition is one of the effective survey methods indispensable.
[0003]
Conventionally, such boring is performed by rotary mechanical boring. The rotary mechanical boring device used in the conventional method includes the following devices.
(1) A swivel head that gives a rotating and advancing and retreating motion to the boring rod and makes the bit excavate. (2) A hoisting device that efficiently raises and lowers the bit, rod, casing, etc. in the boring hole. (3) Drilling and hoisting. Sometimes, to perform more efficient work, a transmission that changes the rotational speed (4) A transmission that transmits engine power to a swivel head, a hoisting device, a hydraulic pump, etc. (5) A manual operation lever that operates each part of the machine Steering devices such as instruments that manage operation, etc. (6) Hydraulic device that supplies hydraulic pressure to drive each device (7) Other power (engine) and drilling equipment (rod, bit, etc.)
[0004]
As materials and equipment other than those mentioned above, work, racks, piston pumps, etc. are required. Furthermore, it becomes large-scale that temporary also Ru consists a large amount of the scaffold.
[0005]
Such a rotary-type mechanical boring apparatus has a digging capability of usually 50 to 500 m and a very sturdy structure with a total weight of 500 to 800 kg.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, the rotary mechanical boring device used in the conventional construction method has a very strong structure with a total weight ranging from 500 to 800 kg, and the unit weight when disassembled is substantially as large as about 80 kg. Therefore, transportation of boring equipment, etc. requires a motor vehicle with a motor.
[0007]
However, the ground survey of the planned base for transmission towers is often conducted in mountainous areas where it is difficult for vehicles to enter as described above. Therefore, special transportation means that can cope with steep terrain such as monorail is necessary for transportation of materials and equipment. However, the temporary costs for installing, transporting, and removing monorails account for about 20% of the total survey costs when looking at the survey results of the nearby mountainous areas.
[0008]
In addition, it takes a long time to investigate the installation and removal of temporary scaffolds, and it takes a lot of work to assemble and disassemble materials and equipment that are heavy. In addition, a site area of about 20 to 50 m ² is required to accommodate work, racks, and various devices, and therefore it is often necessary to cut down trees.
[0009]
For these reasons, the conventional rotary mechanical boring method has a problem of poor workability and high cost.
[0010]
The purpose of the present invention is to enable manual transportation of materials and equipment, and at low cost and easily without installing special transportation means such as a monorail even in areas where it is difficult or impossible to enter a transportation vehicle, It is to provide a lightweight boring device capable of conducting ground surveys such as core collection.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention provides a drilling device, a drilling device attached to the drilling device, and a geological survey boring device provided with a lifting device, wherein the drilling device is fixed to the ground with an anchor; A strut standing on the horizontal base, a drilling machine having an electric motor and a transmission and having a rotary drive shaft that can be moved up and down along the support by a handle operation, and pressure management with a water pressure gauge It is a lightweight boring device characterized in that it has a type swivel and the weight of each material and equipment at the time of disassembly is within the weight range that can be transported by human power (usually 30 kg or less). For simplification, the drilling machine is preferably configured such that the electric motor, the transmission, and the rotary drive shaft driven by them can be moved up and down.
[0012]
Here, the drilling device can be bent and deformed in the horizontal direction at the upper part of the support column, and the electric motor can be fixed to the support column with its rotating shaft in the horizontal direction, and the support column is held in a bent state. It is preferable that the electric motor is fixed to the upper portion of the support in a sideways state, and a winding frame is attached to the rotating shaft so as to function as a hoisting device in cooperation with the pulley at the top of the trifurcated portion.
[0013]
The pressure management swivel with a water pressure gauge is a liquid-tight, watertight pipe with a water-tight packing so that the inner cylinder of the upper end closed structure is rotatably fitted in the outer cylinder by a bearing, and the side of the outer cylinder is penetrated. is connected to, the water supply pipe with pressure gauge is mounted, the water supply port side water supply amount adjusting valve, the discharge port side is attached drainage regulation valve, a structure in which the whole is integrated .
[0014]
The lifting device is composed of a tricycle and a chain block attached to the top of the trifurcation, or a pulley and a built-in monken attached to the trifurcation and the top. A parallel jack can also be used as a lifting device.
[0015]
The present invention is used for geological surveys in areas where it is difficult or impossible to enter such as a motor vehicle with a motor. A typical example is a mountainous area, but it can also be applied to muddy areas (soft areas), confined areas, sloping land, in a water tunnel, or an area with various obstacles to the survey point.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The machine specifications and required quality of the lightweight boring apparatus in the present invention are typically set as follows.
(A) The unit weight of the equipment at the time of disassembly shall be 30 kg or less, and one equipment can be transported by one person.
(B) may tunneling from sand ground to C _H Class rock coring ratio is 50% or more.
(C) The possible excavation depth is about 15 m in consideration of the average foundation shape.
(D) The entire facility is made compact, and the site area necessary for the work space and the material storage area is reduced.
[0017]
The present invention is a system that has been developed so that drilling can be performed using a core drill that basically has a small machine weight. The core drill is an electric drilling machine that drills an object with a rotational force using the hardness of diamond, and is used for opening work for cutting a concrete wall. In ground surveys, they are also used to cut specimens for uniaxial compressive strength tests from block-sampled rock samples during laboratory tests. One feature of the present invention is that the ground is excavated using such a core drill as a drilling machine.
[0018]
However, the following problem occurs in the configuration in which the core drill is simply used as the drilling machine.
(1) Since an off-the-shelf sampler is a single core tube, the core is disturbed during excavation, and most of the sample is converted to sand and washed away with the drilling water, making it impossible to collect the core.
(2) In the ground where the hole wall tends to collapse, there is a concern about the in-hole detention accident, and safe excavation is impossible.
(3) Since the number of rotations of the motor is high, bit rotation suitable for excavation of earth and sand or rock cannot be obtained, and core clogging is likely to occur.
(4) When the core is clogged, excessive water pressure is applied to the inside of the core tube, the rod, and the core drill body, and the water stop packing of the core drill is ruptured so that the drilling water cannot be supplied and the drilling is impossible.
(5) The core drill is designed to use fresh water for drilling water. When muddy water is used for the drilling water, it is difficult to stably supply the drilling water because the mud material is clogged inside the core drill or the packing is worn.
[0019]
Therefore, in the present invention, in order to solve these problems, the drilling mechanism is improved and a dedicated swivel is developed to ensure the necessary excavation performance.
[0020]
【Example】
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of a lightweight boring device according to the present invention. This lightweight boring device is for geological investigation in a mountain area, and mainly includes a drilling device 10, a drilling instrument 12, and a lifting device 14. The drilling device 10 includes a horizontal base 18 fixed to the ground by an anchor 16, a support column 20 standing on the horizontal base 18, a drilling machine 22, a pressure management swivel 24, and the like. .
[0021]
The anchor 16 is driven into the ground near the measurement point, a simple scaffold is assembled with a steel pipe or the like, and the horizontal base 18 is placed and fixed. A structure in which the scaffold also serves as a horizontal base may be used. The borehole 22 is supported by the column 20 standing on the horizontal base 18 so as to be movable up and down. The borehole 22 is driven by electric power from a separately installed generator 26.
[0022]
Details of the perforating apparatus are shown in FIG. As described above, the drilling device 22 includes a horizontal base 18 that is fixed to the ground with an anchor, a column that is erected on the horizontal base 18, a drilling machine 22, and a pressure management swivel 24. It has. The drilling machine 22 has a structure in which an electric motor 28 and a transmission 30 are integrated, and is attached so as to move up and down along the column 20 by operating a handle 32. Here, the upper portion 20a of the support column 20 can be bent and deformed in the horizontal direction, and the support column 20 is extended by the frame 34 (as shown in FIG. 2A) or bent (as shown in FIG. 2 described later). (The state shown in B). At the time of excavation, as shown in FIG. 2A, the column 20 is held in an extended state. A rack is provided on almost the entire length of the support column, and a gear is provided on the side of the drilling machine. They engage with each other, and the drilling machine 22 has a stroke of about several tens of centimeters along the support 20 by operating the handle. Displace at and excavate the ground.
[0023]
The electric motor 28 may be the same as the core drill body. For example, the transmission 30 can be switched from a high speed to a low speed (high speed rotation: 700/300 rpm, low speed rotation: 100 rpm). The anchor 16 fulfills the function of compensating for the digging reaction force of the boring device that is reduced by reducing the weight.
[0024]
As shown in FIG. 3, the pressure management type swivel 24 is configured such that an inner cylinder 38 having an upper end closed structure is rotatably fitted and held by upper and lower bearings 40 in the outer cylinder 36 and penetrates a side portion of the outer cylinder 36. In this way, the water supply pipe 42 is liquid-tightly connected by a water stop packing 44, a water pressure gauge 46 is attached to the water supply pipe 42, a water supply amount adjustment valve 48 is provided on the water supply side, and A drainage adjustment valve 50 is attached and the whole is integrated. The upper end of the inner cylinder 38 is connected to the rotary drive shaft 52 of the drilling machine, and the lower end of the inner cylinder 38 is connected to the boring rod 54. Thus, the water supply (fresh water or muddy water) is sent to the drilling tool 12 through the water supply pipe 42 and the boring rod 54, and the rotation of the drilling machine 22 is transmitted to the drilling tool 12 through the boring rod 54. As shown in FIG. 1, a switching valve 56 is attached to the water supply port so that either fresh water or muddy water can be supplied. The water pressure gauge 46 is used to control the pressure of the supplied water, thereby enabling stable water supply.
[0025]
The excavator 12 uses a material having the same standard as that used in conventional mechanical boring. Therefore, in addition to φ66 mm, excavation of φ86 mm and φ116 mm can be supported.
[0026]
As shown in FIG. 3A, the lifting device is assembled with a trifurcation 56 and a chain block 58 mounted on the top thereof, or as shown in FIG. 3B with a trifurcation 56 and a pulley 60 mounted on the top thereof. It consists of Monken 62. Alternatively, a parallel jack 64 as shown in FIG.
[0027]
The main parts such as the drilling machine, generator, support column, horizontal base, and trifurcation were all capable of carrying a single person with a shoulder weight of 30 kg or less. When the weight of the generator increases, a necessary electrical capacity can be ensured by using a plurality of small ones and connecting them in parallel.
[0028]
The disassembled materials and equipment are transported from the point where the vehicle can enter directly to the survey point, and the boring device as shown in Fig. 1 is assembled. The drilling tool 12 corresponding to the core diameter to be collected is attached to the lower end of the boring rod 54. The bit speed is switched by the transmission 30 according to the hardness of the ground, and excavation is performed while reducing the load on the electric motor 28 and the generator 26. By operating the handle 32, the drilling machine 22 is pushed down to dig, and if necessary, a boring rod is added to dig further. In this way, the core is extracted by digging to a desired depth (about 15 m at the maximum).
[0029]
When it is necessary to supply muddy water, a submersible pump 66 is used. The muddy water discharged from the hole to the hole opening is stored in the muddy water tank 68 and circulated so as to be fed into the hole by the submersible pump 66. The submersible pump 66 may be a rotary plastic simple pump because the digging depth is shallow and it is not necessary to generate high pressure. This is about 5kg and is very lightweight and easy to handle. During the excavation work, the applied water pressure is monitored by the water pressure gauge 46, and the water supply is controlled and adjusted to provide a stable water supply. When core clogging occurs and the water pressure exceeds a specified value, the drainage amount adjusting valve 50 is operated to release the pressure and prevent the swivel water stop packing 44 from being damaged.
[0030]
Usually, since the drilling device does not have a winding part, a chain block 58 attached to the three-way 56 is used to collect the excavator 12 (see A in FIG. 3). A hoisting swivel 70 is attached to the upper end of the boring rod and pulled up. Crack less as the C _H Class bedrock, when disconnecting the collected core and the natural ground is difficult, as shown in B of FIG. 3, attach the knocking head 72 to the upper end of the boring rod 54, prefabricated It is separated from natural ground by knocking with Monken 62. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 3C, a method may be used in which a base 74 is installed, a rod band 76 is attached to the boring rod 54, and the core and ground are separated by pushing up with a parallel jack 64. These devices can also be used to collect materials and equipment when the excavation unit is jammed. The core separated from the natural ground is pulled up and collected by the chain block 58 together with the excavator 12.
[0031]
In the present invention, as a result of using an excavating instrument (such as a double core tube) used in rotary mechanical boring, excavation of φ66 mm, φ86 mm, and φ116 mm is possible, and a core having a necessary diameter can be collected. Moreover, it becomes possible to excavate while implementing the hole wall protection by using the casing used in the rotary mechanical boring and inserting the casing up to GL-6 m. Even if the hole wall collapses, the excavator can be recovered by the lifting device and can be dealt with when the hole is retained. Low-speed rotation by the transmission enables core collection of soil mixed with gravel and D to C _L class rocks. A dedicated swivel can control the amount of water delivered, preventing excessive water pressure in advance and preventing damage to the water stop packing. As a result, it was verified that excavation and core collection up to a depth of 15 m were possible, and that it could be put to practical use.
[0032]
2 has a structure that can also be used as a lifting device. In that case, as shown in FIG. 2B, the upper portion 22a of the support column 22 is bent in the horizontal direction, and is retained by the frame 34 in the bent state. The electric motor 28 of the drilling machine 22 is fixed to the column upper part 22a in a sideways state. And the winding frame 78 is attached to the output rotating shaft of the transmission 30, and it comprises so that it may function as a winding device in cooperation with the pulley of a trifurcated top part. If it does in this way, various tests (for example, standard penetration test) using a digging hole other than as a lifting device of a digging implement can be performed, and multi-functionalization of a boring device can be attained.
[0033]
An example of the anchor according to the present invention is shown in FIG. This example is for soil ground. As shown to A, it consists of the combination of the outer side pipe | tube 80 which has a cone at a lower end, and the inner rod 82 provided with several (here 3 pieces) anchor plates 81 at a lower end. An opening is formed below the outer pipe 80 and is blocked by taping. As shown in B, a knocking head 83 is placed on the outer pipe 80 and placed in the ground. Next, as shown in C, when the knocking head is removed and the upper end of the inner rod 82 is hit, the stored anchor plate 81 is pushed down to expand into a blade shape (see D) and enters the soil ground. Further, when the inner rod 82 is rotated, the protrusion 84 of the inner rod 82 is fitted into the recess 85 of the outer pipe 80 and locked. This completes the installation of the anchor.
[0034]
Another example of the anchor according to the present invention is shown in FIG. This example is for rock ground. As shown in A, an outer pipe 86 having a cone at the lower end, an inner rod 88 having an extrusion cone 87 at the lower end, and a plurality (three in this case) of anchor blocks 89 disposed around the extrusion cone 87. It consists of a combination of An opening is formed below the outer pipe 86 and is closed by taping. As shown in B, a knocking head 83 is placed on the outer pipe 86 and placed in the ground. Next, as shown in C, when the knocking head 83 is removed and the upper end of the inner rod 88 is hit, the anchor block 89 is pushed out by the wedge action of the push-out cone 87 (see D) and bites into the rock ground. Further, when the inner rod 88 is rotated, the protruding portion of the inner rod is fitted into the concave portion of the outer pipe and locked in the same manner as for the soil ground. This completes the installation of the anchor.
[0035]
In this way, even in the soil ground or the rock ground, by installing the anchor, the lightweight boring device can be firmly fixed to the ground, and a sufficient reaction force against excavation can be obtained.
[0036]
After the survey is completed, the system is disassembled in the reverse order, and each equipment is transported to a point where the vehicle can enter by human power and removed.
[0037]
FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing another embodiment of the punching device, in which A shows the overall structure and B shows the main part. A horizontal base 18 fixed to the ground by an anchor 16, a support 20 standing on the horizontal base 18, an electric motor 90, and a transmission 91 are provided and moved up and down along the support by operating a handle. A possible drilling rotary drive shaft 92 is provided. The electric motor 90 is installed on the horizontal base 18, and the rotational force is transmitted to the transmission 91 at the top of the column via the spiral gear 93 and the chain 94. In the transmission 91, the transmission can be freely changed by the transmission gear 95, and the rotation is transmitted to the rotation drive shaft 92 by the bevel gear 96. The speed ratio can be adjusted by the speed change lever 97. A boring rod is connected to the lower end of the rotary drive shaft 92 via a swivel. An elevating device 98 is installed on the column 20 and is engaged with the rotary drive shaft, and can be pushed down with a stroke of about 70 cm by a handle operation.
[0038]
Although this drilling device has a slightly complicated structure, it is possible to take a wide variable range of the gear ratio and to increase the driving force of the electric motor, which is advantageous when high excavation capability is required.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, since the present invention has reduced the weight of the equipment and materials, it can be transported by manpower without installing special transport means such as a monorail even in areas where it is difficult or impossible to enter the transport vehicle. The ground survey can be easily performed at a low cost within a short period of time. Further possible drilling up to about the depth 15 m, can be collected core coring of at least 50% at gravel-mixed soil and D～C _L grade rock. Furthermore, the work space required for the survey work can be greatly reduced, and accordingly, logging of trees is unnecessary or minimal.
[0040]
In the present invention, as the drilling equipment, materials having the same standards as the mechanical boring of the conventional method are used, so that it is possible to cope with drilling holes of various diameters, and ground surveys using the drilling (for example, observation by borehole TV, PS logging, etc.) ) Can also be implemented.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of a lightweight boring device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing an example of a punching device.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing an example of a water pressure management swivel.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a lifting device.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing an example of a soil ground anchor.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing an example of a rock ground anchor.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing another example of the punching device.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Drilling device 12 Drilling tool 14 Lifting device 16 Anchor 18 Horizontal base 20 Strut 22 Drilling machine 24 Pressure type swivel 26 Generator 28 Electric motor 30 Transmission 32 Handle 46 Hydrometer

Claims (4)

In a drilling device for geological survey comprising a drilling device, a drilling instrument attached to the drilling device, and a lifting device,
The drilling device has a horizontal base fixed to the ground by an anchor, a support column standing on the horizontal base, an electric motor and a transmission, and can be moved up and down along the support column by operating a handle. A drilling machine equipped with a rotary drive shaft and a pressure management swivel with a water pressure gauge, and the weight of each material and equipment at the time of disassembly is within the weight range that can be transported by manpower . In the pressure management type swivel, the inner cylinder of the top closed structure is rotatably fitted in the outer cylinder by a bearing, and the water supply pipe is liquid-tightly connected with a water-stop packing so as to penetrate the outer cylinder side part. A water pressure gauge is attached to the water supply pipe, a water supply amount adjustment valve is attached to the water supply port side of the water supply pipe, and a water discharge amount adjustment valve is attached to the water discharge port side of the water supply pipe . Lightweight boring device characterized by   The light weight boring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drilling machine is capable of moving up and down integrally with an electric motor, a transmission, and a rotary drive shaft driven by them.   The upper part of the strut of the punching device can be bent and deformed in the horizontal direction, and the electric motor can be fixed to the strut with its rotating shaft in the horizontal direction, and the electric motor is held in a bent state. The lightweight boring device according to claim 2, wherein the frame is fixed to the upper portion of the support in a sideways state, and a winding frame is attached to the rotating shaft so as to function as a hoisting device in cooperation with the pulley at the top of the trifurcation. The lightweight boring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the lifting device comprises a trifurcation and a chain block attached to the top of the trifurcation, or a pulley and an assembled monken attached to the top of the trifurcation.

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