CN110439550B - An inclined soil sampling system - Google Patents
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- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000149 chemical water pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009025 developmental regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/02—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by mechanically taking samples of the soil
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/02—Drilling rigs characterised by means for land transport with their own drive, e.g. skid mounting or wheel mounting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
- E21B7/064—Deflecting the direction of boreholes specially adapted drill bits therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
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Abstract
根据本发明的一种倾斜式土壤采样系统,包括对应于至少一个不同深度的各个目标地层的采样点设置的至少一个具有不同深度的倾斜的采样井;以及设置在采样井中的土壤取样器,采样点位于目标地层中,采样井的井口位于特殊目标的边界外部,土壤取样器设置在采样井的井底,该井底位于对应的采样点,采样井的轴线与地面的倾斜角度小于15度,土壤取样器包括中空取样管,中空取样管通过连接件固定在管体内,中空取样管的一端与管体的前端连通。本发明的倾斜式土壤采样系统,解决了目前只能垂直采样的技术难题,实现了地下倾斜式土壤采样,使得在各类填埋场、建筑物、构筑物、湖泊、河流、遗迹、重要设施等底部不同位置处土壤取样成为现实。
An inclined soil sampling system according to the present invention comprises at least one inclined sampling well with different depths set corresponding to at least one sampling point of each target formation with different depths; and a soil sampler set in the sampling well, for sampling The point is located in the target stratum, the wellhead of the sampling well is located outside the boundary of the special target, the soil sampler is set at the bottom of the sampling well, the bottom of which is located at the corresponding sampling point, and the inclination angle between the axis of the sampling well and the ground is less than 15 degrees, The soil sampler includes a hollow sampling pipe, the hollow sampling pipe is fixed in the pipe body through a connecting piece, and one end of the hollow sampling pipe is communicated with the front end of the pipe body. The inclined soil sampling system of the present invention solves the technical problem that only vertical sampling is possible at present, and realizes the underground inclined soil sampling, so that it can be used in various landfills, buildings, structures, lakes, rivers, relics, important facilities, etc. Soil sampling at various locations on the bottom becomes a reality.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于环保领域,具体涉及一种倾斜式土壤采样系统。The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, and in particular relates to an inclined soil sampling system.
背景技术Background technique
目前对土壤及地下水的采样,都是采用钻孔及钻孔构建地下水监测井的方法。无论是土壤采用还是地下水采样,钻孔或监测井都是垂直于地面的。但很多时候,需要知道一些特殊物体如建筑物、构筑物、填埋场、河流或湖泊、古迹保护区、重要设施等底部的土壤及地下水环境状况,却无法从上部进行钻孔取样。对于这种情形,目前尚缺乏对其底部深层取样的技术,导致无法准确判定底部的环境状况,是环境调查评估的重要技术难题。At present, the sampling of soil and groundwater is the method of constructing groundwater monitoring wells by drilling and drilling. Whether for soil use or groundwater sampling, boreholes or monitoring wells are perpendicular to the ground. However, in many cases, it is necessary to know the soil and groundwater environment conditions at the bottom of some special objects such as buildings, structures, landfills, rivers or lakes, historic sites, protected areas, and important facilities, but it is impossible to sample from the upper part. In this case, there is currently a lack of technology for deep sampling at the bottom, resulting in the inability to accurately determine the environmental conditions at the bottom, which is an important technical problem in environmental investigation and evaluation.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了解决上述问题,本发明提出了一种倾斜式土壤采样系统,解决了目前只能垂直采样的技术难题,实现了地下倾斜式土壤采样,使得在各类填埋场、建筑物、构筑物、湖泊、河流、遗迹、重要设施等底部不同位置处土壤取样成为现实。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes an inclined soil sampling system, which solves the technical problem that only vertical sampling is possible at present, and realizes the underground inclined soil sampling, so that it can be used in various landfills, buildings, structures, lakes Soil sampling at different locations at the bottom of , rivers, ruins, important facilities, etc. has become a reality.
本发明提供了一种倾斜式土壤采样系统,用于需要对特殊目标底部的土壤环境进行调查的区域中的至少一个不同深度的各个目标地层的土壤进行采样,具有这样的特征,包括对应于至少一个不同深度的各个目标地层的采样点设置的至少一个具有不同深度的倾斜的采样井;以及设置在采样井中的土壤取样器,其中,采样点位于目标地层中,采样井的井口位于特殊目标的边界外部,土壤取样器设置在采样井的井底,该井底位于对应的采样点,采样井的轴线与地面的倾斜角度小于15度,土壤取样器包括管体、中空取样管、连接件,中空取样管通过连接件固定在管体内,中空取样管的一端与管体的前端连通。The present invention provides an inclined soil sampling system for sampling the soil of various target formations at at least one different depth in an area where the soil environment at the bottom of a particular target needs to be investigated, having characteristics including corresponding to at least one At least one inclined sampling well with different depths set at sampling points of each target formation with different depths; and a soil sampler arranged in the sampling well, wherein the sampling point is located in the target formation, and the wellhead of the sampling well is located at the special target. Outside the boundary, the soil sampler is set at the bottom of the sampling well, which is located at the corresponding sampling point, and the inclination angle between the axis of the sampling well and the ground is less than 15 degrees. The soil sampler includes a pipe body, a hollow sampling pipe, and a connecting piece. The hollow sampling tube is fixed in the tube body through the connecting piece, and one end of the hollow sampling tube is communicated with the front end of the tube body.
在本发明提供的倾斜式土壤采样系统中,其特征在于,还包括可移动式钻机,该可移动式钻机机的底部设有底盘,底盘的下方设有履带梁架和安装在履带梁架上的行走机构,底盘的四角分别设有四个液压支架,作业时,液压支架伸出支撑于地面,底盘的上部设置有桅杆,桅杆上设置有动力头组件和夹持固定组件,桅杆固定在滑动座上,滑动座底部与起降杆铰接,通过调节起降杆使得桅杆与地面保持一定的角度。另外,在本发明提供的倾斜式土壤采样系统中,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,The inclined soil sampling system provided by the present invention is characterized in that it further includes a movable drilling rig, the bottom of the movable drilling rig is provided with a chassis, and a crawler beam frame is arranged under the chassis and is installed on the crawler beam frame The four corners of the chassis are respectively provided with four hydraulic supports. During operation, the hydraulic supports are extended and supported on the ground. The upper part of the chassis is provided with a mast. The mast is provided with a power head assembly and a clamping and fixing assembly. On the seat, the bottom of the sliding seat is hinged with the take-off and landing rod, and the mast and the ground can maintain a certain angle by adjusting the take-off and landing rod. In addition, the inclined soil sampling system provided by the present invention may also have the following characteristics: wherein,
另外,在本发明提供的倾斜式土壤采样系统中,其特征在于,还包括多个钻杆,多个钻杆的长度与采样井的井深相匹配,相邻的钻杆通过螺纹连接。In addition, in the inclined soil sampling system provided by the present invention, it is characterized in that it further comprises a plurality of drill pipes, the lengths of the plurality of drill pipes are matched with the well depth of the sampling well, and the adjacent drill pipes are connected by threads.
另外,在本发明提供的倾斜式土壤采样系统中,其特征在于,还包括钻头,具有导向板、导向杆以及信号发射棒,导向板呈板状,导向板的前段呈尖状,导向板的侧壁上设有多个透水孔道,导向杆内设置有探测腔,探测腔内设置有信号发射棒。In addition, the inclined soil sampling system provided by the present invention is characterized in that it further comprises a drill bit, which has a guide plate, a guide rod and a signal transmitting rod, the guide plate is plate-shaped, the front section of the guide plate is pointed, and the guide plate is in the shape of a point. A plurality of permeable channels are arranged on the side wall, a detection cavity is arranged in the guide rod, and a signal emission rod is arranged in the detection cavity.
另外,在本发明提供的倾斜式土壤采样系统中,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,导向板的前段的两侧分别设置有刀刃,刀刃线与导向板中心线的夹角为45度~80度。In addition, the inclined soil sampling system provided by the present invention may also have the following characteristics: wherein, the two sides of the front section of the guide plate are respectively provided with blades, and the angle between the blade line and the center line of the guide plate is 45 degrees to 80 degrees. Spend.
另外,在本发明提供的倾斜式土壤采样系统中,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,导向板采用钨钢或锰合金材料制成。In addition, the inclined soil sampling system provided by the present invention may also have the following feature: wherein, the guide plate is made of tungsten steel or manganese alloy material.
另外,在本发明提供的倾斜式土壤采样系统中,其特征在于,还包括监控仪,用于接收信号发射棒发出的超声波信号,显示钻头的位置、方向以及角度。In addition, in the inclined soil sampling system provided by the present invention, it is characterized in that it further comprises a monitoring instrument for receiving the ultrasonic signal sent by the signal transmitting rod, and displaying the position, direction and angle of the drill bit.
另外,在本发明提供的倾斜式土壤采样系统中,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,中空取样管的两端连通,中空取样管采用透明塑料制成。In addition, the inclined soil sampling system provided by the present invention may also have the following feature: wherein the two ends of the hollow sampling pipe are connected, and the hollow sampling pipe is made of transparent plastic.
另外,在本发明提供的倾斜式土壤采样系统中,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,连接件的一端呈扁口状,另一端具有与管体连接的外螺纹。In addition, the inclined soil sampling system provided by the present invention may also have the feature that one end of the connecting member is in the shape of a flat mouth, and the other end has an external thread connected to the pipe body.
发明的作用与效果The role and effect of the invention
根据本发明所涉及的一种倾斜式土壤采样系统,包括对应于至少一个不同深度的各个目标地层的采样点设置的至少一个具有不同深度的倾斜的采样井;以及设置在采样井中的土壤取样器,实现了地下倾斜式土壤采样,使得在各类填埋场、建筑物、构筑物、湖泊、河流、遗迹、重要设施等底部不同位置处的土壤采集成为现实,解决了目前只能垂直、无法倾斜采样的技术难题,实现了地下倾斜式土壤采样,能在过去无法采样的位置进行采样,是土壤环境采样技术的重要突破。An inclined soil sampling system according to the present invention comprises at least one inclined sampling well with different depths set corresponding to the sampling points of each target formation at at least one different depth; and a soil sampler set in the sampling well It realizes the underground inclined soil sampling, which makes the soil collection at different positions at the bottom of various landfills, buildings, structures, lakes, rivers, relics, and important facilities a reality. The technical difficulties of sampling, the realization of underground inclined soil sampling, which can be sampled at locations that could not be sampled in the past, is an important breakthrough in soil environmental sampling technology.
另外,本发明的倾斜式土壤采样系统,可以一次钻孔在不同点位、不同深度处采集土壤及地下水样品,提高了工作效率。In addition, the inclined soil sampling system of the present invention can collect soil and groundwater samples at different points and depths at one time, thereby improving work efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例中采样剖面示意图;Fig. 1 is the sampling cross-sectional schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例中钻头侧视示意图;2 is a schematic side view of a drill bit in an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例中钻头俯视示意图;以及Figure 3 is a schematic top view of a drill bit in an embodiment of the present invention; and
图4是本发明实施例中土壤采样器示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a soil sampler in an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,以下实施例对本发明的倾斜式土壤采样系统作具体阐述。In order to make it easy to understand the technical means, creative features, achieved goals and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments specifically describe the inclined soil sampling system of the present invention.
实施例一Example 1
某垃圾填埋场占地560亩,分为二期,第一期230亩,填埋年代较早,属于非正规垃圾填埋场,底部未设防渗膜。第二期是后期建设而成,占地330亩。填埋场做了相对较规范的底部防渗处理,防渗层底部位于地面以下7m。根据当地的发展规范,该场地需要进一步进行治理修复,首先需要对垃圾填埋场地开展环境调查。由于第一期和第二期填埋场相邻,第一期填埋场未做防渗,垃圾渗滤液可能已经下渗并扩散到二期填埋场地底部,为判断二期填埋场底部的污染情况,需要进行土壤及地下水采样。由于二期做了防渗处理,如果从填埋场的上部钻孔取样,势必会破坏防渗层,造成渗滤液下渗,污染进一步扩散,采用传统的采样技术无法进行采样。A landfill covers an area of 560 mu, which is divided into two phases. The first phase is 230 mu. The landfill age is earlier, and it is an informal landfill. There is no anti-seepage membrane at the bottom. The second phase was constructed later, covering an area of 330 mu. The landfill has been treated with relatively standard bottom anti-seepage treatment, and the bottom of the anti-seepage layer is located 7m below the ground. According to the local development regulations, the site needs to be further treated and repaired. First, an environmental survey of the landfill site needs to be carried out. Since the first phase and the second phase landfill are adjacent to each other, the first phase landfill has not been anti-seepage, and the landfill leachate may have infiltrated and diffused to the bottom of the second phase landfill. In order to judge the bottom of the second phase landfill The pollution situation requires soil and groundwater sampling. Due to the anti-seepage treatment in the second phase, if sampling from the upper part of the landfill, the anti-seepage layer is bound to be damaged, causing leachate to seep down and the pollution will spread further. Traditional sampling techniques cannot be used for sampling.
倾斜式土壤采样系统包括对应于至少一个不同深度的各个目标地层的采样点设置的至少一个具有不同深度的倾斜的采样井;以及设置在采样井中的土壤取样器。The inclined soil sampling system includes at least one inclined sampling well with different depths set corresponding to the sampling points of each target formation at at least one different depth; and a soil sampler set in the sampling well.
对应于垃圾填埋场的范围,对垃圾填埋场的平面划分网格,设定需要设置的网格的数量。Corresponding to the range of the landfill, the plane of the landfill is divided into grids, and the number of grids to be set is set.
在网格中心设定监测点;对应于监测点正下方的目标地层,设定采样点。Set the monitoring point in the center of the grid; set the sampling point corresponding to the target formation just below the monitoring point.
设定倾斜式采样井的数量和钻孔点的数量,倾斜式采样井的数量和钻孔点的数量是相同的。Set the number of inclined sampling wells and the number of drilling points. The number of inclined sampling wells and the number of drilling points are the same.
一个倾斜式采样井对应于至少一个采样点。One inclined sampling well corresponds to at least one sampling point.
如图1所示,实施例中,从垂直于填埋场边界向填埋场中心方向,分别在填埋场底部设置3个不同采样点位。第一个采样点1距离边界20m,采样深度在防渗层底部以下2m处;第二个采样点2距离边界35m,采样深度在防渗层底部以下3m处;第三个采样点3距离边界70m,采样深度在防渗层底部以下5m处,本实施例中,一个倾斜式采样井对应于不同位置处的3个采样点。As shown in FIG. 1 , in the embodiment, three different sampling points are respectively set at the bottom of the landfill from the direction perpendicular to the boundary of the landfill to the center of the landfill. The first sampling point 1 is 20m away from the boundary, and the sampling depth is 2m below the bottom of the impermeable layer; the second sampling point 2 is 35m away from the boundary, and the sampling depth is 3m below the bottom of the impermeable layer; the third sampling point 3 is away from the boundary 70m, and the sampling depth is 5m below the bottom of the anti-seepage layer. In this embodiment, one inclined sampling well corresponds to 3 sampling points at different positions.
从钻孔点向采样点进行倾斜式采样井的施工。The construction of inclined sampling wells is carried out from the drilling point to the sampling point.
根据采样需求,首先确定倾斜式采样井的倾斜角度,一般该倾斜角度不大于15度。According to the sampling requirements, first determine the inclination angle of the inclined sampling well, generally the inclination angle is not more than 15 degrees.
采样系统包括可移动式钻机、钻杆、导向钻头、监控仪、土壤取样器。The sampling system includes movable drilling rigs, drill pipes, pilot drills, monitors, and soil samplers.
可移动式钻机机的底部设有底盘,在主机底盘的下方设有履带梁架和安装在履带梁架上的行走机构,在底盘的四角设有液压支架,在作业时液压支架伸出支撑于地面,起到固定钻机的作用。在钻机底盘上部设置有桅杆,桅杆上有动力头组件和夹持固定结构,桅杆固定在滑动座上,滑动座底部由起降液压杆与主机底盘铰接固定,调节起降杆可使桅杆与地面保持一定角度。The bottom of the movable drilling rig is provided with a chassis, a crawler beam frame and a traveling mechanism installed on the crawler beam frame are arranged under the main chassis, and hydraulic supports are arranged at the four corners of the chassis, and the hydraulic supports extend and support during operation. The ground plays the role of fixing the drilling rig. A mast is arranged on the upper part of the drilling rig chassis. The mast is provided with a power head assembly and a clamping and fixing structure. The mast is fixed on the sliding seat. The bottom of the sliding seat is hinged and fixed by the take-off and landing hydraulic rod and the chassis of the main engine. Adjusting the take-off and landing rod can make the mast and the ground Keep it at an angle.
钻杆为中空钢管,一端有外螺纹,另一端有与外螺纹相匹配的内螺纹,钻杆与钻杆之间通过螺纹连接。The drill pipe is a hollow steel pipe, one end has an external thread, the other end has an internal thread matching the external thread, and the drill pipe is connected with the drill pipe by a thread.
钻杆的最前端安装钻头10,如图2、3所示,钻头10包括导向板11和钻杆12,导向板11呈板状,导向板11与钻杆12的轴线的夹角a为45度,导向板11前段呈尖状,两侧刃线与导向板11中心线的夹角为45度~80度。钻头10中设置有探测腔室14,内置信号发射棒。导向板11前端及侧壁设有多个透水孔道13。导向板11采用钨钢、锰合金等材质制成,具有强度高,耐磨性好的特点。The
监控仪与发射棒通信连接,监控仪设置在地面上,可以接收导向钻头10中发射棒发出的超声波信号,通过监控仪上的屏幕可以监控导向钻头10的位置、方向以及角度,通过旋转导向钻头的钻板11角度可以控制钻杆旋进的方向。The monitor is connected to the launch rod in communication, the monitor is set on the ground and can receive the ultrasonic signal sent by the launch rod in the
如图4所示,土壤取样器20包括管体21、中空取样管22、连接件23。As shown in FIG. 4 , the
管体21为一段中空钢管,钢管外壳的前端略微收口,有利于在土中挤压推进,管体21前端的内壁设置有凸起,管体21的后端设置有内螺纹25、外螺纹24,通过外螺纹24可以与钻杆螺纹连接。The
中空取样管22的两端开口且连通,设置在管体21内,一端与管体21前端的凸起相连,实施例中,中空取样管22的材质为透明塑料。The two ends of the
连接件23呈圆筒状,外径大于中空取样管22的内径,连接件23一端呈锥状,用于伸入中空取样管22的内部。实施例中连接件23一端呈扁口状,可方便旋转,另一端具有外螺纹,连接件23内具有沿轴线设置的通孔,连接件23呈扁口状的一端设置在中空取样管22内,另一端通过外螺纹与管体21的内螺纹25螺纹连接,中空取样管22的一端被管体21前端的凸起卡住,另一端与连接件23相连,中空取样管22通过连接件23固定在管体21内,中空取样管22的一端与管体21的前端连通。The connecting
土壤取样时,具体操作方法包括以下步骤:When soil sampling, the specific operation method includes the following steps:
第一步骤,对应于特殊目标的范围,对特殊目标的平面划分网格,设定需要设置的网格的数量;In the first step, corresponding to the range of the special target, the plane of the special target is divided into grids, and the number of grids to be set is set;
第二步骤,在网格中心设定监测点;The second step is to set a monitoring point in the center of the grid;
第三步骤,对应于监测点正下方的目标地层,设定采样点;The third step is to set sampling points corresponding to the target formation directly below the monitoring point;
第四步骤,设定倾斜式采样井的数量和钻孔点的数量;The fourth step is to set the number of inclined sampling wells and the number of drilling points;
第五步骤,从钻孔点向采样点进行倾斜式采样井的作业;The fifth step is to carry out the operation of the inclined sampling well from the drilling point to the sampling point;
第六步骤,安装土壤采样器,进行土壤采样;The sixth step is to install a soil sampler for soil sampling;
第七步骤,得到目标地层的采样土壤。In the seventh step, the sampling soil of the target formation is obtained.
根据采样需求,先绘制钻头行进的轨迹,确定倾斜角度。选定钻机停放位置,应保证停放区域比较平坦坚实,将移动式钻机驶入停放地点,桅杆朝向钻进方向,伸出支撑架固定钻机。调整桅杆底部液压支架,将桅杆与水平地面形成一定倾斜角度,并将桅杆滑出至地面。在钻杆上旋入导向钻头,将钻杆固定在夹持装置上,并将后端连接到动力组件上。开动马达旋转钻杆推进,当一根钻杆钻进到地下之后,连接下一根钻杆,钻杆逐级螺接,钻杆的连接或分离通过卸扣板实现。每进一杆,都要实时监控钻头的位置及深度。According to the sampling requirements, first draw the trajectory of the drill bit to determine the inclination angle. When selecting the parking position of the drilling rig, ensure that the parking area is relatively flat and solid. Drive the mobile drilling rig into the parking position, with the mast facing the drilling direction, and extend the support frame to fix the drilling rig. Adjust the hydraulic support at the bottom of the mast to form a certain inclination angle between the mast and the horizontal ground, and slide the mast out to the ground. Thread the pilot bit on the drill rod, secure the drill rod to the clamp, and connect the rear end to the power pack. Start the motor to rotate the drill pipe to advance, when a drill pipe is drilled into the ground, connect the next drill pipe, the drill pipe is screwed step by step, and the connection or separation of the drill pipe is realized by the shackle plate. The position and depth of the drill bit must be monitored in real time for each shot.
当需要调整钻头行进方向时,通过监控仪观察导向钻头的朝向。导向板朝向十二点钟方向时,停止旋转,推进钻杆,则钻杆往上行进;同理,调整导向板的指向如九点钟、三点钟、六点钟等方向,可以控制钻杆在地下向左、右及下方向行进。当深度较大钻头遇到阻力无法推进时,启动钻机上的加压泵,将去离子水通过钻杆中空孔道注入到钻头,经钻头上的通水孔流出,促进钻头钻进,泥浆从钻杆外侧沿钻孔流出地面。When it is necessary to adjust the traveling direction of the drill bit, observe the orientation of the pilot drill bit through the monitor. When the guide plate is facing the direction of twelve o'clock, stop rotating, push the drill pipe, and the drill pipe will move upward; in the same way, adjust the direction of the guide plate such as nine o'clock, three o'clock, six o'clock, etc., you can control the drilling The pole travels underground, left, right and down. When the drill bit encounters resistance and cannot be pushed forward at a large depth, start the pressurized pump on the drilling rig, inject deionized water into the drill bit through the hollow hole of the drill pipe, and flow out through the water hole on the drill bit to promote the drilling of the drill bit, and the mud will flow out of the drill bit. The outside of the rod flows out of the ground along the drilled hole.
当导向钻头到达采样位置时,将钻杆反向旋转稍微退出一定距离,启动抽水装置,利用钻杆将钻孔中的泥浆抽出。然后回抽钻杆将钻杆全部提出。将最后一根钻杆上的导向钻头卸掉,更换为土壤采样器,然后再推入到采样位置,操控钻机,将采样器向土层内直推,土壤便进入到土壤取样器20的中空取样管22中,然后回抽钻杆,卸掉土壤取样器20,取出中空取样管22。根据土壤检测的使用量,将中空取样管22的两端剪掉,用密封盖密封,编号,放入样品存储箱,完成土壤采样。When the pilot bit reaches the sampling position, rotate the drill pipe in the opposite direction and withdraw a certain distance, start the pumping device, and use the drill pipe to pump out the mud in the hole. Then the drill pipe is pulled back and all the drill pipe is lifted out. Remove the pilot bit on the last drill pipe, replace it with a soil sampler, and then push it to the sampling position, control the drill, and push the sampler directly into the soil layer, and the soil will enter the hollow of the
根据设定的钻头行进轨迹,继续钻进到下一采样位置,按照上述操作,开展采样。可以一次性在不同位置、不同深度处采集土壤及地下水样品。According to the set travel trajectory of the drill bit, continue to drill to the next sampling position, and carry out sampling according to the above operations. Soil and groundwater samples can be collected from different locations and depths at one time.
为防止倾斜式钻孔可能会导致不同位置处的污染物迁移扩散,在取样完成后,再将钻杆推入钻孔,通过钻杆中空孔道注入膨润土或水泥泥浆,一边将钻杆逐根抽出时,一边逐次注入膨润土或水泥浆,直至地面,完成封堵。In order to prevent the contaminants at different positions from migrating and spreading due to the inclined drilling, after the sampling is completed, the drill pipe is pushed into the hole, and bentonite or cement mud is injected through the hollow hole of the drill pipe, and the drill pipe is pulled out one by one. At the same time, the bentonite or cement slurry is injected one by one until the ground is reached to complete the plugging.
实施例中,将三个采样点连线与填埋场边界交点的外侧4.7m处作为钻机安放点,将移动式钻机驶入停放地点,桅杆朝向采样点,伸出支撑架固定钻机。调整桅杆底部液压支架,将桅杆与水平地面呈20度倾角,并将桅杆滑出至地面。在钻杆上旋入导向钻头,将钻杆固定在夹持装置上,将后端连接到动力组件上。开动马达旋转钻杆推进,当一根钻杆钻进到地下之后,螺接下一根钻杆,每进一杆,都要实时监控钻头的位置及深度。钻进时通过钻杆中空通道向钻头注入去离子水。当导向钻头钻进26.3m时,到达第一采样位置时,即地下水9m处,将钻杆反向旋转退出约50cm距离,启动抽水装置,利用钻杆将钻孔中的泥浆抽出。然后回抽钻杆将钻杆全部移出。将最后一根钻杆上的导向钻头卸掉,更换为土壤采样器,然后再推入到采样位置,操控钻机,将采样器向土层内直推约1m,土壤便进入到采样管中,然后回抽钻杆,逐根卸掉钻杆至最后一根,将采样管卸掉,剪取30cm长,两端用密封盖密封,编号,放入样品存储箱,完成土壤采样。In the embodiment, the 4.7m outside of the intersection of the three sampling points and the boundary of the landfill is used as the drilling rig placement point, the mobile drilling rig is driven into the parking site, the mast faces the sampling point, and the support frame is extended to fix the drilling rig. Adjust the hydraulic support at the bottom of the mast to tilt the
进行第二个点位的采样,通过监控仪观察导向钻头的朝向,将钻头导向板朝向十二点钟方向,停止旋转,推进钻杆,则钻杆往上行进,直至将钻杆调整至与水平线夹角为3.8度;停止推进,旋转钻杆钻进15.03m,达到第二采样点,按照上述同样的方法进行土壤及地下水采样。完成第二个采样点时,要调整导向板方向往上约0.54度,旋进推进35.06m即达到第三个采样点,按同样方法采用。Sampling at the second point, observe the orientation of the pilot drill bit through the monitor, turn the drill bit guide plate toward the twelve o'clock direction, stop rotating, push the drill pipe, and the drill pipe will move up until the drill pipe is adjusted to the same The included angle of the horizontal line is 3.8 degrees; stop advancing, and the rotary drill pipe is drilled 15.03m to reach the second sampling point, and soil and groundwater sampling is carried out according to the same method as above. When the second sampling point is completed, the direction of the guide plate should be adjusted upward by about 0.54 degrees, and the third sampling point will be reached by precessing 35.06m, and the same method is used.
采样完成后,再将钻杆推入钻孔,通过钻杆中空注入膨润土或水泥泥浆,一边将钻杆逐根抽出时,一边逐次注入膨润土或水泥浆,直至地面,完成封堵。After the sampling is completed, push the drill pipe into the borehole, and inject bentonite or cement slurry through the hollow of the drill pipe.
实施例的作用与效果Action and effect of the embodiment
根据本实施例所涉及的一种倾斜式土壤采样系统,解决了目前只能垂直、无法倾斜采样的技术难题,实现了地下倾斜式土壤采样,使得在各类填埋场、建筑物、构筑物、湖泊、河流、遗迹、重要设施等底部不同位置处土壤及地下水取样成为现实,能在过去无法采样的位置进行采样,是土壤及地下水环境采样技术的重要突破,极大扩展了场地环境调查的范围和关键区域的采样。According to the inclined soil sampling system involved in this embodiment, the current technical problem of only vertical but not inclined sampling is solved, and the underground inclined soil sampling is realized. Soil and groundwater sampling at different locations at the bottom of lakes, rivers, relics, important facilities, etc. has become a reality, and sampling can be carried out at locations that could not be sampled in the past. It is an important breakthrough in soil and groundwater environmental sampling technology, and greatly expands the scope of site environmental investigations and sampling of critical regions.
另外,本实施例的倾斜式土壤采样系统,可以一次钻孔在不同点位、不同深度处采集土壤及地下水样品,提高了工作效率。In addition, the inclined soil sampling system of this embodiment can collect soil and groundwater samples at different points and depths at one time, thereby improving work efficiency.
进一步地,本实施例的倾斜式土壤采样系统,采样后对钻孔实施了封堵,避免了污染物沿钻孔扩散转移的风险。Further, in the inclined soil sampling system of this embodiment, the borehole is blocked after sampling, so as to avoid the risk of diffusion and transfer of pollutants along the borehole.
上述实施方式为本发明的优选案例,并不用来限制本发明的保护范围。The above embodiments are preferred cases of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
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