JP4009803B2 - Non-aqueous secondary battery - Google Patents

Non-aqueous secondary battery Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4009803B2
JP4009803B2 JP06507899A JP6507899A JP4009803B2 JP 4009803 B2 JP4009803 B2 JP 4009803B2 JP 06507899 A JP06507899 A JP 06507899A JP 6507899 A JP6507899 A JP 6507899A JP 4009803 B2 JP4009803 B2 JP 4009803B2
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battery
positive electrode
negative electrode
terminal
secondary battery
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JP2000260477A (en
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史朗 加藤
肇 木下
静邦 矢田
治夫 菊田
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Osaka Gas Co Ltd
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Osaka Gas Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、非水系二次電池及びその製造方法に関し、特に、蓄電システム用非水系二次電池及びその製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、省資源を目指したエネルギーの有効利用及び地球環境問題の観点から、深夜電力貯蔵及び太陽光発電の電力貯蔵を目的とした家庭用分散型蓄電システム、電気自動車のための蓄電システム等が注目を集めている。例えば、特開平6−86463号公報には、エネルギー需要者に最適条件でエネルギーを供給できるシステムとして、発電所から供給される電気、ガスコージェネレーション、燃料電池、蓄電池等を組み合わせたトータルシステムが提案されている。このような蓄電システムに用いられる二次電池は、エネルギー容量が10Wh以下の携帯機器用小型二次電池と異なり、容量が大きい大型のものが必要とされる。このため、上記の蓄電システムでは、複数の二次電池を直列に積層し、電圧が例えば50〜400Vの組電池として用いるのが常であり、ほとんどの場合、鉛電池を用いていた。
【0003】
一方、携帯機器用小型二次電池の分野では、小型及び高容量のニーズに応えるべく、新型電池としてニッケル水素電池、リチウム二次電池の開発が進展し、180Wh/l以上の体積エネルギー密度を有する電池が市販されている。特に、リチウムイオン電池は、350Wh/lを超える体積エネルギー密度の可能性を有すること、及び、安全性、サイクル特性等の信頼性が金属リチウムを負極に用いたリチウム二次電池に比べ優れることから、その市場を飛躍的に延ばしている。
【0004】
これを受け、蓄電システム用大型電池の分野においても、高エネルギー密度電池の候補として、リチウムイオン電池をターゲットとし、リチウム電池電力貯蔵技術研究組合(LIBES)等で精力的に開発が進められている。
【0005】
これら大型リチウムイオン電池のエネルギー容量は、100Whから400Wh程度であり、体積エネルギー密度は、200〜300Wh/lと携帯機器用小型二次電池並のレベルに達している。その形状は、直径50mm〜70mm、長さ250mm〜450mmの円筒型、厚さ35mm〜50mmの角形又は長円角形等の扁平角柱形が代表的なものである。
【0006】
また、薄型のリチウム二次電池については、薄型の外装に、例えば、金属とプラスチックをラミネートした厚さ1mm以下のフィルムを収納したフィルム電池(特開平5−159757号公報、特開平7−57788号公報等)、厚さ2mm〜15mm程度の小型角型電池(特開平8−195204号公報、特開平8−138727号公報、特開平9−213286号公報等)が知られている。これらのリチウム二次電池は、いずれも、その目的が携帯機器の小型化及び薄型化に対応するものであり、例えば携帯用パソコンの底面に収納できる厚さ数mmでJIS A4サイズ程度の面積を有する薄型電池も開示されているが(特開平5−283105号公報)、エネルギー容量が10Wh以下であるため、蓄電システム用二次電池としては容量が小さ過ぎる。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述の大型電池を蓄電システムに用いる場合、一般に4〜10個の大型電池(単電池)を直列に接続して15〜50Vの電池モジュールとし、さらに、これら電池モジュールを直列、並列に接続し、所定の電圧及び容量を有する蓄電システムとして用いられることが多い。一般に、各電池間は圧着端子等を用いてナットで締めることにより接続される。この場合、電池の外部端子(正極端子及び負極端子)の一方側(電池の外側の負荷側との接点部分)に雄ねじ部が形成され、他方側(電池容器内の電極側の接点部分)にも雄ねじ部が形成される場合が多い。従来のように、電池厚みが大きい場合、上記のような両雄ねじ構造が実用的であるが、厚さが薄い扁平形状の電池の場合、この方法で接続することは困難であった。以下、その理由を説明する。
【0008】
従来の大型電池では、図7に示すように、外部端子は、電池外及び電池内共にねじを用いて固定する場合が一般的であり、図7の(a)においては、外部端子31で圧着端子32をナット33で締めることにより、内部抵抗が小さく、かつ高強度に負荷側又は電池同士を接続していた。また、図7の(b)においては、外部端子31は、電池外の接続部に雌ねじが形成され、圧着端子32をボルト34で締めることにより接続していた。このような一般的な接続方式が、比較的自由に行える理由としては、従来の大型電池は厚みがあり、外部端子に許される長さが20mm以上であることにある。一方、扁平形状の電池の場合、大電流を流すことが可能な大きな径の外部端子を電池容器の側面から取り出すことは難しく、電池容器の主面となる表裏面から取り出す必要がある。この場合、許容される外部端子の長さは、電池の厚みにより異なるが、最大でも、10mm程度であり、それ以下であることが多い。また、電池外部に突出する長さを大きくすると、電池を並べてモジュール化する場合、隙間部分が大きくなり、電池モジュールが大型化してしまう。従って、外部端子の長さは数mm以内にするとともに、外部と不要な隙間を発生させずに十分な強度で接続できる新規な接続構造が切望されていた。
【0009】
本発明の目的は、外部と容易に接続できるとともに電池の厚みを薄くすることができる扁平形状の非水系二次電池を提供することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記目的を達成するため、正極、負極、セパレータ、及びリチウム塩を含む非水系電解質を収容する電池容器を備えた非水系二次電池であって、前記非水系二次電池は、前記電池容器の厚さが12mm未満の扁平形状であり、そのエネルギー容量が30Wh以上且つ体積エネルギー密度が180Wh/l以上であり、前記電池容器の表裏面の少なくとも一方には、正極端子及び負極端子が設けられており、前記正極端子及び/又は前記負極端子の前記電池容器の外側部分には、前記正極端子及び/又は前記負極端子と外部接続部材とを接続するための凹部が設けられ、前記正極端子及び/又は前記負極端子の前記電池容器の内側部分は、前記正極の正極集電体及び/又は前記負極の負極集電体、若しくは前記正極集電体に電気的に接続された中継部材及び/又は前記負極集電体に電気的に接続された中継部材に直接接合されることを特徴とする非水系二次電池を提供するものである。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の一実施の形態の非水系二次電池について図面を参照しながら説明する。図1は、本発明の一実施の形態の扁平な矩形(ノート型)の蓄電システム用非水系二次電池の平面図及び側面図を示す図であり、図2は、図1に示す電池の内部に収納される電極積層体の構成を示す側面図である。
【0012】
図1及び図2に示すように、本実施の形態の非水系二次電池は、上蓋1及び底容器2からなる電池容器と、該電池容器の中に収納されている複数の正極101a、負極101b、101c、及びセパレータ104からなる電極積層体とを備えている。本実施の形態のような扁平型非水系二次電池の場合、正極101a、負極101b(又は積層体の両外側に配置された負極101c)は、例えば、図2に示すように、セパレータ104を介して交互に配置されて積層されるが、本発明は、この配置に特に限定されず、積層数等は、必要とされる容量等に応じて種々の変更が可能である。また、図1及び図2に示す非水系二次電池の形状は、例えば縦300mm×横210mm×厚さ6mmであり、正極101aにLiMn24、負極101b、101cに炭素材料を用いるリチウム二次電池の場合、例えば、蓄電システムに用いることができる。
【0013】
次に、正極101a、負極101b、101c、セパレータ104の積層時の位置決めに使用される開口部となる位置決め穴について説明する。位置決め穴は、正極101a、負極101b、101c、及びセパレータ104のいずれかに設けられ、図2に示すようなシート状の正極101a、負極101b、101c、及びセパレータ104を積層する場合、正極101a及び負極101b、101cに設けられることがより好ましく、以下、その一例を具体的に説明する。なお、本発明は、以下に説明する積層用治具及び位置決め穴等に限定されるものではない。また、位置決めに使用される開口部は、穴に特に限定されず、位置決めできれば、切り欠き、凹部等であってもよい。
【0014】
図3は、正極101a、負極101b、101cセパレータ104の積層方法の一例の説明図である。図3に示すように、各2個の正極用位置決め穴107a及び負極用位置決め穴107bは、最大サイズであるセパレータ104の外側で位置決めが可能な位置で正極集電片106a及び負極集電片106bにそれぞれ設けられている。
【0015】
積層用治具は、基盤81と、基盤81の所定位置に固定された4本の正極用ガイドピン82、4本の負極用ガイドピン83及び4個のL字型固定部84とを備える。まず、最も大きいセパレータ104を、その四隅が4個のL字型固定部84の内側に沿うように位置決めする。次に、負極用ガイドピン83を負極用位置決め穴107bに挿入し、次に大きい負極101b(又は101c)を位置決めする。次に、セパレータ104を、その四隅が4個のL字型固定部84の内側に沿うように位置決めする。最後に、正極用ガイドピン82を正極用位置決め穴107aに挿入し、正極101aを位置決めする。以降、正極101a、負極101b(又は101c)及びセパレータ104の枚数に応じて上記操作を繰り返すことにより、正極101a、負極101b、101c及びセパレータ104を高精度に位置合わせされた状態で積層することができる。なお、ガイドピンは積層完了後に容易に抜けるようにしておくと、電極積層体の取り外し時の位置ずれが少なくなり好ましい。
【0016】
ここで、位置決め用の開口部の形状は、特に限定されるものではなく、穴の場合、円形、長円形、L字形、三日月形、三角形、正方形、長方形、多角形等が挙げられ、切り欠き又は凹部の場合は、U字形、楔形等が挙げられる。1枚の電極に設けられる位置決め用の開口部の数は、特に限定されるものではなく、少なくとも一つあればよいが、縦横方向のずれをより防止するために、図3に示すように2つ設けてもよく、また、それ以上の個数であってもよい。また、1枚の電極に設けられる位置決め用の開口部を設ける個数も、特に限定されるものではなく、図3に示すように少なくとも1箇所に設ければよく、縦横方向のずれをより防止するために、電極の対角上又は対向する位置等の2箇所に設けてもよく、また、それ以上の箇所に設けてもよい。なお、複数箇所に位置決め穴を設け、後述するように1箇所の位置決め穴を利用して外部への電気的接続をとる場合、積層完了後に他の部分を切断することも可能である。また、1枚の電極に設けられる位置決め用の開口部を設ける位置も、特に限定されるものではなく、図3に示すように一辺の端部に設けてもよく、又は一辺の中間部に設けてもよい。
【0017】
また、外部端子すなわち図1に示す正極端子3及び/又は負極端子4の電池内側部分を位置決め穴に通して直接接合することにより、位置決め穴を正極端子3及び/又は負極端子4と正極101a及び/又は負極101b、101cとの接続用の穴として共用することも可能である。また、中継部材を介して外部端子と電極との間の電気的接続を行い、中継部材の一端側の穴と位置決め穴とにボルトを通してナットで締結するようにしてもよい。
【0018】
上記のように、位置決め穴を利用して外部への電気的接続をとる場合、位置決め穴は円形でないことが好ましい。図4の(a)及び(b)を用いてこの理由を説明する。図4の(a)は、ガイドピン83(ガイドピン82は図示省略)を備える積層用治具を用いて電極等を積層した時の状態を示す図であり、図4の(b)は、位置決め後に負極101b、101cの負極集電片106bをボルト91及びナット92で締結した時の状態を示す図である。なお、図中、説明の簡略化のため、積層枚数は少なくしている。
【0019】
図4の(a)に示すように、積層用治具を用いて位置決めした後、図4の(b)に示すように、ボルト91及びナット92を用いて接続しようとすると、各負極101b、101cの端部からボルト91及びナット92による固定位置までの距離は、各負極により異なり、外側の負極ほど遠くなり、中間の負極が最も近くなる。従って、円形の位置決め穴を用いる場合、中間側の負極の負極集電片106bが弛み、集電片の折れ等の損傷が発生し、ボルト・ナットによる固定が煩雑になる。これは、正極の場合も同様である。従って、このような不都合を回避するために、位置決め穴の少なくとも1つは、上記距離の差を吸収できるように、円形でない形状、例えば、円形を一方向に伸ばした長円形であることが好ましい。
【0020】
ここまで、シート状の電極等を積層する場合について説明したが、例えば、電極の一方を折り畳みながら、その間にセパレータと他の電極を挟み込んでいく場合等にも上記と同様の位置決め穴を用いることができる。また、例えば、セパレータと負極を張り合わせたものを、図3のL字型固定部84により位置決めし、正極のみに上記の位置決め穴を設け、ガイドピン等を用いて位置決めを行うこと等も可能である。
【0021】
外部端子となる正極端子3及び/又は負極端子4の電池外側部分には、正極端子3及び/又は負極端子4と電池の外部、例えば、外部の負荷とを接続するための外部接続部材を接続するための凹部、例えば、雌ねじ部又は嵌着用凹部が設けられ、該凹部に外部接続部材が接続されて電気的接続が取られている。該接続は、以下に説明する理由により、嵌着又は螺着によることが好ましく、例えば、外部接続部材としてボルト、ねじ、リベット等を用いてねじ止め、圧入、くさび止め等により電気的接続を取ることができる。また、正極端子3及び/又は負極端子4の電池内側部分は、正極集電体105a及び/又は負極集電体105b、若しくは正極集電体105aに電気的に接続された中継部材及び/又は負極集電体105bに電気的に接続された中継部材に直接接合されて電気的接続が取られている。該接合は、以下に説明する理由により、かしめによる圧着又は溶接によることが好ましい。
【0022】
図5は、正極端子3及び負極端子4と正極集電体105a及び負極集電体105bとの接続構造の一例を示す説明図である。正極端子3及び負極端子4の頭部部分には、外部の負荷と接続された外部接続部材である圧着端子をボルトにより締結するための凹部となる雌ねじ部31、41が形成され、正極端子3及び負極端子4の電池内部分まで彫り込むことにより、接続に必要な深さを確保している。一方、正極端子3及び負極端子4の電池内部の接続は、中継部材となる正極タブ32が電池容器の上蓋1と絶縁された状態で正極端子3の下部部分とかしめられ、中継部材となる負極タブ42が電池容器の上蓋1と絶縁された状態で負極端子4の下部部分とかしめられている。さらに、正極集電体105aの正極用集電片106aと正極タブ32とがボルト33及びナット34を用いて接続され、負極集電体105bの負極用集電片106bと負極タブ42とがボルト43及びナット44を用いて接続され、電気的接続が取られている。
【0023】
例えば、外部端子の電池の外側の部分にM3の雌ねじを形成する場合、外部端子の電池の内側の部分に雄ねじを形成して十分な強度を持たせるためには、例えば、M6〜M8の雄ねじを形成する必要があり、外部端子の直径は12mmにもなる。また、電池内でM6〜M8の雄ねじをナットを用いて締結すると、ナットの厚みが大きく、外部端子も大きくなる。しかしながら、上記の接続構造では、電池内部の接続は、かしめ又は溶接により十分な強度が得られるとともに、電池の内側の部分に雄ねじを形成する必要がないため、接続部分を小型且つ薄型にすることができる。
【0024】
また、外部端子の電池の外側の部分の接続に、溶接を用いることも考えられるが、電池内と異なり、電池外の接続においては、十分な強度が必要となる。また、外部端子の材質は、銅、アルミニウム等の電気伝導性の高い材料が選ばれることから、溶接が難しく、また、溶接した場合においても、電池同士又は負荷との接続において、十分な強度が得られないことから、電池外の接続に用いるには信頼性に乏しい。また、外部端子の電池外の接続に、外部端子に凸部を設け、該凸部をかしめことが考えられるが、電池外部へ突出する部分の長さが制限されるため、充分な強度が得られない。しかしながら、上記の接続構造では、電池外部の接続は、外部端子に設けた凹部を用いているため、上記のような問題も発生しない。
【0025】
なお、上記の電池の内側の接続構造は、この例に特に限定されず、外部端子に電極集電体を直接かしめたり、又は、溶接することも可能であり、中継部材の両端ともにかしめたり、又は、溶接することも可能である。
【0026】
上記の接続構造により、各正極101aの正極集電体105aは、正極端子3に電気的に接続され、同様に、各負極101b、101cの負極集電体105bは、負極端子4に電気的に接続されている。正極端子3及び負極端子4は、電池容器すなわち上蓋1と絶縁された状態で取り付けられている。
【0027】
上蓋1及び底容器2は、図1中の拡大図に示したA点で全周を上蓋を溶かし込み、溶接されている。上蓋1には、電解液の注液口5が開けられており、電解液注液後、仮封口のため、例えば、アルミニウム−変性ポリプロピレンラミネートフィルムからなる封口フィルム6を用いて一旦封口され、その後、少なくとも1回充電された後に外され、電池容器内の圧力を大気圧未満にした状態で最終封口される。この場合、封口フィルム6は電池内部の内圧が上昇したときに解放するための安全弁を兼ね備えることができる。封口フィルム6による最終封口工程後の電池容器内の圧力は、大気圧未満であり、好ましくは650Torr以下、更に好ましくは550Torr以下である。この圧力は、使用するセパレータ、電解液の種類、電池容器の材質及び厚み、電池の形状等を加味して決定されるものである。内圧が大気圧以上の場合、電池が設計厚みより大きくなったり、又は、電池の厚みのバラツキが大きくなり、電池の内部抵抗及び容量がばらつく原因となるため好ましくない。
【0028】
正極101aに用いられる正極活物質としては、リチウム系の正極材料であれば、特に限定されず、リチウム複合コバルト酸化物、リチウム複合ニッケル酸化物、リチウム複合マンガン酸化物、或いはこれらの混合物、更にはこれら複合酸化物に異種金属元素を一種以上添加した系等を用いることができ、高電圧、高容量の電池が得られることから、好ましい。また、安全性を重視する場合、熱分解温度が高いマンガン酸化物が好ましい。このマンガン酸化物としてはLiMn24に代表されるリチウム複合マンガン酸化物、更にはこれら複合酸化物に異種金属元素を一種以上添加した系、さらにはリチウム、酸素等を量論比よりも過剰にしたLiMn24が挙げられる。
【0029】
負極101b、101cに用いられる負極活物質としては、リチウム系の負極材料であれば、特に限定されず、リチウムをドープ及び脱ドープ可能な材料であることが、安全性、サイクル寿命などの信頼性が向上し好ましい。リチウムをドープ及び脱ドープ可能な材料としては、公知のリチウムイオン電池の負極材として使用されている黒鉛系物質、炭素系物質、錫酸化物系、ケイ素酸化物系等の金属酸化物、或いはポリアセン系有機半導体に代表される導電性高分子等が挙げられる。特に、安全性の観点から、150℃前後の発熱が小さいポリアセン系物質又はこれを含んだ材料が望ましい。
【0030】
セパレータ104の構成は、特に限定されるものではないが、単層又は複層のセパレータを用いることができ、少なくとも1枚は不織布を用いることが好ましく、この場合、サイクル特性が向上する。また、セパレータ104の材質も、特に限定されるものではないが、例えばポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンなどのポリオレフィン、ポリアミド、クラフト紙、ガラス等が挙げられるが、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンが、コスト、含水などの観点から好ましい。また、セパレータ104として、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンを用いる場合、セパレータの目付量は、好ましくは5g/m2以上30g/m2以下であり、より好ましくは5g/m2以上20g/m2以下であり、さらに好ましくは8g/m2以上20g/m2以下である。セパレータの目付量が30g/m2を越える場合、セパレータが厚くなりすぎたり、又は気孔率が低下し、電池の内部抵抗が高くなるので好ましくなく、5g/m2未満の場合、実用的な強度が得られないので好ましくない。
【0031】
本実施の形態の非水系二次電池の電解質としては、公知のリチウム塩を含む非水系電解質を使用することができ、正極材料、負極材料、充電電圧等の使用条件により適宜決定され、より具体的にはLiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4等のリチウム塩を、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート、ジメトキシエタン、γ−ブチロラクトン、酢酸メチル、蟻酸メチル、或いはこれら2種以上の混合溶媒等の有機溶媒に溶解したもの等が例示される。また、電解液の濃度は特に限定されるものではないが、一般的に0.5mol/lから2mol/lが実用的であり、該電解液は当然のことながら、水分が100ppm以下のものを用いることが好ましい。なお、本明細書で使用する非水系電解質とは、非水系電解液、有機電解液を含む概念を意味するものであり、また、ゲル状又は固体の電解質も含む概念を意味するものである。
【0032】
上記のように構成された非水系二次電池は、家庭用蓄電システム(夜間電力貯蔵、コージェネレション、太陽光発電等)、電気自動車等の蓄電システム等に用いることができ、大容量且つ高エネルギー密度を有することができる。この場合、エネルギー容量は、好ましくは30Wh以上、より好ましくは50Wh以上であり、且つエネルギー密度は、好ましくは180Wh/l以上、より好ましくは200Wh/lである。エネルギー容量が30Wh未満の場合、或いは、体積エネルギー密度が180Wh/l未満の場合は、蓄電システムに用いるには容量が小さく、充分なシステム容量を得るために電池の直並列数を増やす必要があること、また、コンパクトな設計が困難となることから蓄電システム用としては好ましくない。
【0033】
ところで、一般に、蓄電システム用の大型リチウム二次電池(エネルギー容量30Wh以上)においては、高エネルギー密度が得られるものの、その電池設計が携帯機器用小型電池の延長にあることから、直径又は厚さが携帯機器用小型電池の3倍以上の円筒型、角型等の電池形状とされる。この場合には、充放電時の電池の内部抵抗によるジュール発熱、或いはリチウムイオンの出入りによって活物質のエントロピーが変化することによる電池の内部発熱により、電池内部に熱が蓄積されやすい。このため、電池内部の温度と電池表面付近の温度差が大きく、これに伴って内部抵抗が異なる。その結果、充電量、電圧のバラツキを生じ易い。また、この種の電池は複数個を組電池にして用いるため、システム内での電池の設置位置によっても蓄熱されやすさが異なって各電池間のバラツキが生じ、組電池全体の正確な制御が困難になる。更には、高率充放電時等に放熱が不十分な為、電池温度が上昇し、電池にとって好ましくない状態におかれることから、電解液の分解等による寿命の低下、更には電池の熱暴走の誘起など信頼性、特に、安全性に問題が残されていた。
【0034】
本実施の形態の扁平形状の非水系二次電池は、放熱面積が大きくなり、放熱に有利であるため、上記のような問題も解決することができる。すなわち、本実施の形態の非水系二次電池は、扁平形状をしており、その厚さは、好ましくは12mm未満、より好ましくは10mm未満、さらに好ましくは8mm未満である。厚さの下限については電極の充填率、電池サイズ(薄くなれば同容量を得るためには面積が大きくなる)を考慮した場合、2mm以上が実用的である。電池の厚さが12mm以上になると、電池内部の発熱を充分に外部に放熱することが難しくなること、或いは電池内部と電池表面付近での温度差が大きくなり、内部抵抗が異なる結果、電池内での充電量、電圧のバラツキが大きくなる。なお、具体的な厚さは、電池容量、エネルギー密度に応じて適宜決定されるが、期待する放熱特性が得られる最大厚さで設計するのが、好ましい。
【0035】
また、本実施の形態の非水系二次電池の形状としては、例えば、扁平形状の表裏面が角形、円形、長円形等の種々の形状とすることができ、角形の場合は、一般に矩形であるが、三角形、六角形等の多角形とすることもできる。さらに、肉厚の薄い円筒等の筒形にすることもできる。筒形の場合は、筒の肉厚がここでいう厚さとなる。また、製造の容易性の観点から、電池の扁平形状の表裏面が矩形であり、図1に示すようなノート型の形状が好ましい。
【0036】
電池容器となる上蓋1及び底容器2に用いられる材質は、電池の用途、形状により適宜選択され、特に限定されるものではなく、鉄、ステンレス鋼、アルミニウム等が一般的であり、実用的である。また、電池容器の厚さも電池の用途、形状或いは電池ケースの材質により適宜決定され、特に限定されるものではない。好ましくは、その電池表面積の80%以上の部分の厚さ(電池容器を構成する一番面積が広い部分の厚さ)が0.2mm以上である。上記厚さが0.2mm未満では、電池の製造に必要な強度が得られないことから望ましくなく、この観点から、より好ましくは0.3mm以上である。また、同部分の厚さは、1mm以下であることが望ましい。この厚さが1mmを超えると、電極面を押さえ込む力は大きくなるが、電池の内容積が減少し充分な容量が得られないこと、或いは、重量が重くなることから望ましくなく、この観点からより好ましくは0.7mm以下である。
【0037】
上記のように、非水系二次電池の厚さを12mm未満に設計することにより、例えば、該電池が30Wh以上の大容量且つ180Wh/lの高エネルギー密度を有する場合、高率充放電時等においても、電池温度の上昇が小さく、優れた放熱特性を有することができる。従って、内部発熱による電池の蓄熱が低減され、結果として電池の熱暴走も抑止することが可能となり信頼性、安全性に優れた非水系二次電池を提供することができる。
【0038】
次に、上記のように構成された非水系二次電池の製造方法のうち最終封口工程について詳細に説明する。本実施形態の非水系二次電池では、完成後の電池の内部圧力が大気圧未満になるように、正極101a、負極101b、101c、セパレータ104及び非水系電解質を電池容器内に収容し、少なくとも1回充電した後に電池容器内の圧力を大気圧未満にした状態で電池容器の最終封口工程を行っている。
【0039】
上記の最終封口工程は、少なくとも一回の充電操作の後に行うことが好ましい。上記の充電操作は、電池に用いられる正極材料、負極材料、セパレータ、電解液等の種類、これらの材料の含水率及び不純物、電池が使用される電圧等に応じて種々の条件を採用することができる。例えば、電池の使用電圧まで4〜8時間率程度の速度で充電し、また必要に応じて定電圧を印可し、さらに8時間率程度の速度で放電した後に、最終封口工程を行ってもよい。或いは、電池の容量以下の充電操作のみを行った後に封口したり、2回以上の充放電を繰り返した後に封口する等の種々の充電操作も可能であるが、肝要なことは、完成後の電池の内圧を大気圧未満に維持することである。
【0040】
特に、負極に黒鉛、正極にリチウム複合酸化物を用いた液系の電解液を用いる場合、1回目の充電初期に電解液の分解により内部にガスが発生するため、例えば、充電操作を行わずに大気圧未満で最終封口工程を行っても、その後の1回目の充電操作により電池内部が加圧状態(大気圧以上)になり、電池の厚みが厚くなったり、電池の内部抵抗及び容量がばらつき、安定したサイクル特性が得られない場合がある。しかしながら、本実施の形態のように、充電操作を行ってガスを発生させた後に、最終封口工程を大気圧未満で行うことにより、この問題を解決できる。この場合、1回目の充電操作を行うときは、電池内を大気圧未満にして行うことも可能であるが、このときの電池内部の圧力については特に限定されない。
【0041】
また、電池内部を大気圧未満にする方法は特に限定されないが、具体的には、以下のようにして行うことができる。
【0042】
まず、図2に示すように、正極101a、負極101b、101c及びセパレータ104を積層し、得られた電極積層体等を上蓋1及び底容器2内に収容し、上蓋1及び底容器2の外周部を溶接する。次に、注液口5から電解液を電池容器内に注入する。次に、仮封口のため、前述のアルミニウム−変性ポリプロピレンラミネートフィルム、アルミニウム−変性ポリエチレンラミネートフィルムに代表される熱融着型で水分透過率の低い封口フィルム6を用いて注液口5を一旦封口し、その後、上記のように少なくとも1回充電した後に封口フィルム6を外す。なお、上記の仮封口の方法は、上記の例に特に限定されず、ねじ等を用いて開口部を一時的に封口してもよく、また、水分を除去した状態、例えば、空気を遮断した環境下又は露点が−40℃以下のドライ雰囲気下の場合、封口せずに上記の充電操作を行ってもよい。
【0043】
次に、最終封口工程として、封口フィルム6を熱融着する。なお、最終封口工程に用いられる方法は、上記の例に特に限定されず、金属板又は箔を溶接したり、若しくは、電池容器にコックを取り付けて電池内を所定の圧力(大気圧未満)に減圧した後、コックを閉じる等してもよい。
【0044】
なお、上記の最終封口工程の圧力は、大気圧未満であり、好ましくは650Torr以下、更に好ましくは550Torr以下である。この圧力は、最終的に完成した電池に要求される内部圧力に応じて決定されるものである。また、最終封口工程を行うために電池容器に設けられる開口部の周長は、電池の外周長の1/10以下にすることが好ましく、1/20以下にすることがより好ましい。開口部の周長が外周長の1/10を越えると、上記したように、融着面積が大きくなり、巨大な熱融着装置が必要になると共に、融着部分の信頼性に欠ける等の問題が発生する。また、該開口部を設ける部分は、電池の外周部分5mmを除く、表裏面にあることが好ましい。電池の外周部分5mm以内に開口部を設けると、十分な強度が得られず、電解液の漏れ等の封口不良が発生し易いため好ましくない。
【0045】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を示し、本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。
(実施例1)
(1)LiCo24100重量部、アセチレンブラック8重量部、ポリビニリデンフルオライド(PVDF)3重量部をN−メチルピロリドン(NMP)100重量部と混合し正極合材スラリーを得た。該スラリーを集電体となる厚さ20μmのアルミ箔の両面に塗布、乾燥した後、プレスを行い、正極を得た。図6の(a)は正極の説明図である。本実施例において正極101aの塗布面積(W1×W2)は、262.5×192mm2であり、20μmの集電体105aの両面に103μmの厚さで塗布されている。その結果、電極厚さtは226μmとなっている。また、電極の短辺側には電極が塗布されていない正極集電片106aが設けられ、5mm×3mmの長穴が2個開けられている。
【0046】
(2)黒鉛化メソカーボンマイクロビーズ(MCMB、大阪ガスケミカル製、品番6−28)100重量部、PVDF10重量部をNMP90重量部と混合し、負極合材スラリーを得た。該スラリーを集電体となる厚さ14μmの銅箔の両面に塗布、乾燥した後、プレスを行い、負極を得た。図6の(b)は負極の説明図である。負極101bは、正極より、長辺方向で両側に2.25mm、短辺方向で両側に1.5mm大きく、負極101bの塗布面積(W1×W2)は、267×195mm2であり、18μmの集電体105bの両面に108μmの厚さで塗布されている。その結果、電極厚さtは234μmとなっている。また、電極の短辺側には電極が塗布されていない負極集電片106bが設けられ、5mm×3mmの長穴が2個開けられている。更に、同様の手法で片面だけに塗布し、それ以外は同様の方法で厚さ126μmの片面電極を作成した。片面電極は(3)項の電極積層体において外側に配置される(図2中101c)。
【0047】
(3)図6の(c)はセパレータの説明図である。セパレータ104の面積(W1×W2)は、271×197mm2であり、負極104bより長辺方向で両側に2mm、短辺方向で両側に1mm大きい。図2に示すように、上記(1)項で得られた正極8枚、負極9枚(内片面2枚)をセパレータ104a(ポリプロピレン不織布:ニッポン高度紙工業、MP1050、目付10g/m2)とセパレータ104b(ポリエチレン製微孔膜;旭化成工業HIPORE6022、目付13.3g/m2)とを張り合わせたセパレータ104を介して交互に積層し、さらに、電池容器との絶縁のために外側の負極101cの更に外側にセパレータ104bを配置し、電極積層体を作成した。なお、セパレータ104は、セパレータ104bが正極側に、セパレータ104aが負極側になるように配置した。上記の積層に際しては図3に示す積層用治具を用い、積層時間は10回の平均で28分であった。
【0048】
(4)図1に示すように、厚さ0.5mmのSUS304製薄板を深さ5mmに絞り、底容器2を作成し、上蓋1も厚さ0.5mmのSUS304製薄板で作成した。次に、図5に示すように、上蓋1に、アルミニウム製の正極端子3及び銅製の負極端子4(端子最大部6mmφ、外部接続用雌ねじ部M3)を取り付けた。正極及び負極端子3、4は、ポリプロピレン製ガスケットで上蓋1と絶縁した。また、正極端子3には、中継部材となるアルミニウム製の正極タブ32がかしめられ、負極端子4には、中継部材となる銅製の負極タブ42がかしめられ、それぞれ電気的に接続され、必要に応じて、PET性粘着テープを用いて各部を絶縁した。
【0049】
(5)上記(3)項で作成した電極積層体の各正極集電片106aの2個の位置決め穴及び正極タブ32の2個の穴にアルミニウム製のボルト33を通してアルミニウム製のナット34により締結し、各負極集電片106bの2個の位置決め穴及び負極タブ42の2個の穴に銅製のボルト43を通して銅製のナット44により締結し、それぞれ電気的に接続した。接続された電極積層体を絶縁テープで固定し、図1の角部Aを全周に亘りレーザー溶接した。その後、注液口5(6mmφ)から電解液としてエチレンカーボネート:ジエチルカーボネート:メチルエチルカーボネートを6:7:7重量比で混合した溶媒に1mol/lの濃度にLiPF6を溶解した溶液を注液した。次に、300Torrの減圧下で、仮止め用のボルトを用いて注液口5を一旦封口した。
【0050】
(6)この電池を5Aの電流で4.1Vまで充電し、その後4.1Vの定電圧を印可する定電流定電圧充電を12時間行い、続いて、5Aの定電流で2.5Vまで放電した後、該電池の仮止め用ボルトをはずし、再度、300Torrの減圧下で、12mmφに打ち抜いた厚さ0.08mmのアルミ箔−変性ポリプロピレンラミネートフィルムからなる封口フィルム6を、温度250〜350℃、圧力1〜3kg/cm2、加圧時間5〜10秒の条件で熱融着することにより、注液口5を最終封口した。次に、M3のねじを用いて、得られた電池の正極端子3及び負極端子4に測定用タブを取り付けた。このとき、電池の内部抵抗は4.6mΩであり、測定用タブを強く引っ張っても安定していた。該電池を上記と同じ条件で定電流定電圧充電及び放電したところ、放電容量は27.2Ahであり、エネルギー容量は100Whであった。また、25Aの定電流で放電した場合、放電容量は、24.0Ahであった。放電終了時の電池温度の上昇は、同容量の箱形(厚み12mm以上)電池を組み立てた場合に比べ少なかった。
(比較例1)
M3の外部接続用雌ねじ部を設けていない正極端子及び負極端子(端子最大部6mmφ)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池を組んだ。次に、測定用タブをレーザー溶接を用いて正極端子及び負極端子に取り付け、実施例1と同様に内部抵抗を測定したところ、電池の内部抵抗は5.4mΩであったが、測定端子を強く引っ張ると容易にはずれた。
【0051】
【発明の効果】
以上から明らかな通り、本発明によれば、扁平型電池、特に、大容量且つ高体積エネルギー密度を有する扁平型電池において、新規な正極及び負極端子を採用することにより、電池同士又は外部の負荷への取り付けが容易で且つ十分な強度が得られるとともに電池の厚みを薄くすることができる扁平形状の非水系二次電池を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施の形態の蓄電システム用非水系二次電池の平面図及び側面図を示す図である。
【図2】図1に示す電池の内部に収納される電極積層体の構成を示す側面図である。
【図3】図1に示す電池の正極、負極、セパレータの積層方法の一例の説明図である。
【図4】位置決め治具を用いて電極等を積層した時の状態及び位置決め後に負極集電片をボルト及びナットで締結した時の状態を示す図である。
【図5】図1に示す電池の正極端子及び負極端子の接続構造の一例を示す説明図である。
【図6】本発明の非水系二次電池の実施例に用いた正極、負極、及びセパレータの説明図である。
【図7】従来の電池の外部端子の接続構造を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 上蓋
2 底容器
3 正極端子
4 負極端子
5 注液口
6 封口フィルム
31、41 雌ねじ部
101a 正極(両面)
101b 負極(両面)
101c 負極(片面)
104、104a、104b セパレータ
105a 正極集電体
105b 負極集電体
106a 正極集電片
106b 負極集電片
107a 正極用位置決め穴
107b 負極用位置決め穴
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a non-aqueous secondary battery and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly to a non-aqueous secondary battery for a power storage system and a manufacturing method thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, from the viewpoint of effective use of energy aiming at resource saving and global environmental problems, attention has been focused on home-use distributed storage systems for the storage of late-night power storage and solar power generation, storage systems for electric vehicles, etc. Collecting. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-86463 proposes a total system that combines electricity, gas cogeneration, fuel cells, storage batteries, and the like supplied from a power plant as a system that can supply energy to energy consumers under optimum conditions. ing. A secondary battery used in such a power storage system requires a large battery having a large capacity, unlike a small secondary battery for portable equipment having an energy capacity of 10 Wh or less. For this reason, in the above power storage system, a plurality of secondary batteries are usually stacked in series and used as an assembled battery having a voltage of 50 to 400 V, for example, and in most cases, lead batteries are used.
[0003]
On the other hand, in the field of small secondary batteries for portable devices, the development of nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium secondary batteries as new batteries has progressed to meet the needs for small size and high capacity, and has a volumetric energy density of 180 Wh / l or more. Batteries are commercially available. In particular, a lithium ion battery has a possibility of a volume energy density exceeding 350 Wh / l, and reliability such as safety and cycle characteristics is superior to a lithium secondary battery using metallic lithium as a negative electrode. , Has dramatically expanded its market.
[0004]
In response, in the field of large-scale batteries for power storage systems, lithium-ion batteries are targeted as candidates for high-energy density batteries, and development is actively underway by the Lithium Battery Power Storage Technology Research Association (LIBES) and others. .
[0005]
The energy capacity of these large-sized lithium ion batteries is about 100 Wh to 400 Wh, and the volume energy density is 200 to 300 Wh / l, the same level as a small secondary battery for portable devices. The shape is typically a cylindrical shape having a diameter of 50 mm to 70 mm, a length of 250 mm to 450 mm, and a flat prismatic shape such as a square or oblong square having a thickness of 35 mm to 50 mm.
[0006]
As for a thin lithium secondary battery, for example, a film battery in which a film having a thickness of 1 mm or less obtained by laminating metal and plastic is accommodated in a thin exterior (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 5-159757 and 7-57788). And a small prismatic battery having a thickness of about 2 mm to 15 mm (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 8-195204, 8-138727, 9-213286, etc.) are known. Each of these lithium secondary batteries has a purpose corresponding to the miniaturization and thinning of portable devices. For example, the lithium secondary battery has a thickness of several millimeters that can be stored on the bottom of a portable personal computer and has an area of about JIS A4 size. Although the thin battery which has is also disclosed (Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 5-283105), since an energy capacity is 10 Wh or less, a capacity | capacitance is too small as a secondary battery for electrical storage systems.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When using the above-mentioned large battery for an electricity storage system, generally 4 to 10 large batteries (unit cells) are connected in series to form a battery module of 15 to 50 V, and further, these battery modules are connected in series and in parallel. It is often used as a power storage system having a predetermined voltage and capacity. Generally, each battery is connected by tightening with a nut using a crimp terminal or the like. In this case, a male screw part is formed on one side (contact part with the load side outside the battery) of the external terminals (positive electrode terminal and negative electrode terminal) of the battery, and on the other side (contact part on the electrode side in the battery container). In many cases, a male screw portion is formed. When the battery thickness is large as in the prior art, the above-described male screw structure is practical, but in the case of a flat battery with a small thickness, it was difficult to connect by this method. The reason will be described below.
[0008]
In a conventional large battery, as shown in FIG. 7, the external terminals are generally fixed using screws both inside and outside the battery. In FIG. By tightening the terminal 32 with the nut 33, the internal resistance is small and the load side or the batteries are connected with high strength. In FIG. 7B, the external terminal 31 is connected by forming a female screw at a connection portion outside the battery and fastening the crimp terminal 32 with a bolt 34. The reason why such a general connection method can be performed relatively freely is that the conventional large battery has a thickness and the length allowed for the external terminal is 20 mm or more. On the other hand, in the case of a flat battery, it is difficult to take out a large-diameter external terminal capable of flowing a large current from the side surface of the battery container, and it is necessary to take it out from the front and back surfaces that are the main surface of the battery container. In this case, the allowable length of the external terminal varies depending on the thickness of the battery, but is at most about 10 mm and is often less than that. Moreover, when the length which protrudes outside a battery is enlarged, when a battery is put in order and modularized, a clearance gap part will become large and a battery module will enlarge. Accordingly, there has been a strong demand for a new connection structure in which the length of the external terminal is within a few millimeters and can be connected with sufficient strength without generating an unnecessary gap with the outside.
[0009]
An object of the present invention is to provide a flat non-aqueous secondary battery that can be easily connected to the outside and that can reduce the thickness of the battery.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a non-aqueous secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a battery container containing a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a lithium salt, wherein the non-aqueous secondary battery includes: The battery container has a flat shape with a thickness of less than 12 mm, an energy capacity of 30 Wh or more and a volume energy density of 180 Wh / l or more, and at least one of the front and back surfaces of the battery container has a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal is provided, wherein the outer portion of the battery case of the positive electrode terminal and / or said negative terminal, the positive electrode terminal and / or recesses for connecting the negative terminal and the external connection member is provided, wherein positive terminal and / or interior portion of the battery case of the negative terminal, the negative electrode current collector of the positive electrode of the positive electrode current collector and / or the negative electrode, or the electrically to the positive electrode current collector There is provided a nonaqueous secondary battery, characterized in that it is bonded directly to a relay member which is electrically connected to the relay board and / or the negative electrode current collector connection has been.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a nonaqueous secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a plan view and a side view of a flat rectangular (note type) non-aqueous secondary battery for an electricity storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram of the battery shown in FIG. It is a side view which shows the structure of the electrode laminated body accommodated in an inside.
[0012]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the non-aqueous secondary battery according to the present embodiment includes a battery container including an upper lid 1 and a bottom container 2, a plurality of positive electrodes 101a and negative electrodes housed in the battery container. 101b, 101c, and an electrode laminate including the separator 104. In the case of a flat type non-aqueous secondary battery as in the present embodiment, the positive electrode 101a and the negative electrode 101b (or the negative electrode 101c disposed on both outer sides of the laminate) have separators 104, for example, as shown in FIG. However, the present invention is not particularly limited to this arrangement, and the number of layers and the like can be variously changed according to the required capacity and the like. The shape of the non-aqueous secondary battery shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is, for example, 300 mm long × 210 mm wide × 6 mm thick. The lithium secondary battery uses LiMn 2 O 4 for the positive electrode 101a and a carbon material for the negative electrodes 101b and 101c. In the case of a secondary battery, for example, it can be used in a power storage system.
[0013]
Next, positioning holes that serve as openings used for positioning when the positive electrode 101a, the negative electrodes 101b and 101c, and the separator 104 are stacked will be described. The positioning holes are provided in any of the positive electrode 101a, the negative electrodes 101b, 101c, and the separator 104. When the sheet-like positive electrode 101a, the negative electrodes 101b, 101c, and the separator 104 as illustrated in FIG. More preferably, it is provided in the negative electrodes 101b and 101c, and an example thereof will be specifically described below. In addition, this invention is not limited to the jig | tool for a lamination demonstrated below, a positioning hole, etc. Moreover, the opening part used for positioning is not specifically limited to a hole, A notch, a recessed part, etc. may be sufficient as long as it can position.
[0014]
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a method of laminating the positive electrode 101a, the negative electrode 101b, and the 101c separator 104. As shown in FIG. 3, each of the two positive electrode positioning holes 107a and the negative electrode positioning holes 107b are positioned at positions that can be positioned outside the separator 104, which is the maximum size, in the positive electrode current collecting piece 106a and the negative electrode current collecting piece 106b. Are provided respectively.
[0015]
The stacking jig includes a base 81, four positive electrode guide pins 82, four negative electrode guide pins 83, and four L-shaped fixing portions 84 fixed at predetermined positions of the base 81. First, the largest separator 104 is positioned so that the four corners are along the inside of the four L-shaped fixing portions 84. Next, the negative electrode guide pin 83 is inserted into the negative electrode positioning hole 107b, and the next largest negative electrode 101b (or 101c) is positioned. Next, the separator 104 is positioned so that the four corners are along the inside of the four L-shaped fixing portions 84. Finally, the positive electrode guide pin 82 is inserted into the positive electrode positioning hole 107a to position the positive electrode 101a. Thereafter, by repeating the above operation according to the number of the positive electrode 101a, the negative electrode 101b (or 101c), and the separator 104, the positive electrode 101a, the negative electrode 101b, 101c, and the separator 104 can be stacked in a highly aligned state. it can. In addition, it is preferable that the guide pin is easily removed after the lamination is completed because the positional deviation when the electrode laminate is removed is reduced.
[0016]
Here, the shape of the opening for positioning is not particularly limited, and in the case of a hole, a circular shape, an oval shape, an L shape, a crescent shape, a triangular shape, a square shape, a rectangular shape, a polygon shape, etc. may be mentioned. Or in the case of a recessed part, a U shape, a wedge shape, etc. are mentioned. The number of positioning openings provided in one electrode is not particularly limited and may be at least one. However, in order to further prevent vertical and horizontal shifts, the number of openings is 2 as shown in FIG. It may be provided or more than that. The number of positioning openings provided in one electrode is not particularly limited, and may be provided in at least one place as shown in FIG. For this reason, it may be provided at two locations such as on the diagonal of the electrode or at opposite positions, or at more locations. In addition, when positioning holes are provided at a plurality of positions and electrical connection to the outside is made using one positioning hole as will be described later, it is possible to cut other portions after the lamination is completed. In addition, the position where the positioning opening provided in one electrode is provided is not particularly limited, and may be provided at the end of one side as shown in FIG. 3 or provided at the middle of one side. May be.
[0017]
Further, by directly joining the external terminal, that is, the battery inner portion of the positive electrode terminal 3 and / or the negative electrode terminal 4 shown in FIG. 1 through the positioning hole, the positioning hole is connected to the positive electrode terminal 3 and / or the negative electrode terminal 4 and the positive electrode 101a. It is also possible to share the holes for connection with the negative electrodes 101b and 101c. Alternatively, an electrical connection between the external terminal and the electrode may be performed via the relay member, and a bolt may be fastened with a nut to the hole on one end side of the relay member and the positioning hole.
[0018]
As described above, when the electrical connection to the outside is made using the positioning hole, the positioning hole is preferably not circular. The reason for this will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a state when electrodes and the like are stacked using a stacking jig provided with guide pins 83 (guide pins 82 are not shown), and FIG. It is a figure which shows the state when the negative electrode current collection piece 106b of the negative electrodes 101b and 101c is fastened with the volt | bolt 91 and the nut 92 after positioning. In the figure, the number of stacked layers is reduced to simplify the description.
[0019]
As shown in FIG. 4 (a), after positioning using a stacking jig, when connecting using bolts 91 and nuts 92 as shown in FIG. 4 (b), each negative electrode 101b, The distance from the end of 101c to the fixing position by the bolt 91 and the nut 92 differs depending on each negative electrode, and the outer negative electrode is farther away, and the intermediate negative electrode is closest. Therefore, when the circular positioning hole is used, the negative electrode current collecting piece 106b of the negative electrode on the intermediate side is loosened, damage such as breakage of the current collecting piece occurs, and the fixing with the bolt and nut becomes complicated. The same applies to the positive electrode. Therefore, in order to avoid such inconvenience, it is preferable that at least one of the positioning holes has a non-circular shape, for example, an oval shape obtained by extending the circular shape in one direction so as to absorb the difference in distance. .
[0020]
So far, the case where the sheet-like electrode or the like is laminated has been described. For example, the same positioning hole as described above is used when one of the electrodes is folded and the separator and the other electrode are sandwiched therebetween. Can do. In addition, for example, a separator and a negative electrode bonded together can be positioned by the L-shaped fixing portion 84 in FIG. 3, the positioning hole can be provided only in the positive electrode, and positioning can be performed using a guide pin or the like. is there.
[0021]
An external connection member for connecting the positive electrode terminal 3 and / or the negative electrode terminal 4 to the outside of the battery, for example, an external load, is connected to the battery outer portion of the positive electrode terminal 3 and / or the negative electrode terminal 4 serving as the external terminal. For example, a recessed portion, for example, a female screw portion or a fitting recessed portion is provided, and an external connection member is connected to the recessed portion for electrical connection. The connection is preferably by fitting or screwing for the reasons described below. For example, electrical connection is established by screwing, press-fitting, wedge prevention, etc. using bolts, screws, rivets, etc. as external connection members. be able to. The battery inner portion of the positive electrode terminal 3 and / or the negative electrode terminal 4 is the positive electrode current collector 105a and / or the negative electrode current collector 105b, or the relay member and / or the negative electrode electrically connected to the positive electrode current collector 105a. An electrical connection is made by directly joining the relay member electrically connected to the current collector 105b. The joining is preferably performed by crimping or welding by caulking for the reason described below.
[0022]
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a connection structure between the positive electrode terminal 3 and the negative electrode terminal 4, and the positive electrode current collector 105a and the negative electrode current collector 105b. The head portions of the positive electrode terminal 3 and the negative electrode terminal 4 are formed with female screw portions 31 and 41 serving as recesses for fastening a crimp terminal, which is an external connection member connected to an external load, with a bolt. And the depth required for a connection is ensured by carving to the part in a battery of the negative electrode terminal 4. FIG. On the other hand, the positive electrode terminal 3 and the negative electrode terminal 4 are connected to the inside of the battery in such a manner that the positive electrode tab 32 serving as a relay member is caulked with the lower portion of the positive electrode terminal 3 while being insulated from the upper lid 1 of the battery container. The tab 42 is caulked with the lower portion of the negative electrode terminal 4 in a state of being insulated from the upper lid 1 of the battery container. Further, the positive electrode current collector piece 106a of the positive electrode current collector 105a and the positive electrode tab 32 are connected using a bolt 33 and a nut 34, and the negative electrode current collector piece 106b and the negative electrode tab 42 of the negative electrode current collector 105b are connected to the bolt. 43 and the nut 44 are used for electrical connection.
[0023]
For example, in the case where an M3 female screw is formed on the outer portion of the battery of the external terminal, in order to form a male screw on the inner portion of the battery of the external terminal to give sufficient strength, for example, an M6 to M8 male screw is used. And the diameter of the external terminal is 12 mm. In addition, when M6 to M8 male screws are fastened using a nut in the battery, the thickness of the nut increases and the external terminal also increases. However, in the connection structure described above, sufficient strength can be obtained by caulking or welding for the connection inside the battery, and it is not necessary to form a male screw on the inner part of the battery. Can do.
[0024]
In addition, it is conceivable to use welding for connection of the outer terminal portion of the battery of the external terminal. However, unlike the inside of the battery, sufficient strength is required for connection outside the battery. In addition, since the material of the external terminal is selected from materials having high electrical conductivity such as copper and aluminum, it is difficult to weld, and even when welded, sufficient strength is obtained in connection between batteries or loads. Since it cannot be obtained, it is not reliable for use outside the battery. In addition, it is conceivable to provide a protrusion on the external terminal and caulk the protrusion to the connection of the external terminal outside the battery. However, since the length of the portion protruding to the outside of the battery is limited, sufficient strength can be obtained. I can't. However, in the connection structure described above, since the connection outside the battery uses a recess provided in the external terminal, the above problem does not occur.
[0025]
The connection structure inside the battery is not particularly limited to this example, and the electrode current collector can be directly caulked or welded to the external terminal, and both ends of the relay member can be caulked, Or it is also possible to weld.
[0026]
With the above connection structure, the positive electrode current collector 105a of each positive electrode 101a is electrically connected to the positive electrode terminal 3, and similarly, the negative electrode current collector 105b of each negative electrode 101b, 101c is electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal 4. It is connected. The positive electrode terminal 3 and the negative electrode terminal 4 are attached in a state of being insulated from the battery container, that is, the upper lid 1.
[0027]
The upper lid 1 and the bottom container 2 are welded by melting the upper lid all around the point A shown in the enlarged view of FIG. The upper lid 1 is provided with an electrolyte solution injection port 5. After the electrolyte solution injection, for temporary sealing, for example, a sealing film 6 made of an aluminum-modified polypropylene laminate film is temporarily sealed, and thereafter The battery is removed after being charged at least once, and finally sealed in a state where the pressure in the battery container is set to be lower than the atmospheric pressure. In this case, the sealing film 6 can also have a safety valve for releasing when the internal pressure inside the battery rises. The pressure in the battery container after the final sealing step with the sealing film 6 is less than atmospheric pressure, preferably 650 Torr or less, more preferably 550 Torr or less. This pressure is determined in consideration of the separator to be used, the type of electrolytic solution, the material and thickness of the battery container, the shape of the battery, and the like. When the internal pressure is equal to or higher than atmospheric pressure, the battery becomes larger than the design thickness or the variation in battery thickness increases, resulting in variations in the internal resistance and capacity of the battery.
[0028]
The positive electrode active material used for the positive electrode 101a is not particularly limited as long as it is a lithium-based positive electrode material, and lithium composite cobalt oxide, lithium composite nickel oxide, lithium composite manganese oxide, or a mixture thereof, A system in which one or more different metal elements are added to these composite oxides can be used, and a high voltage and high capacity battery can be obtained, which is preferable. Further, when safety is important, manganese oxide having a high thermal decomposition temperature is preferable. As this manganese oxide, a lithium composite manganese oxide typified by LiMn 2 O 4 , a system in which one or more different metal elements are added to these composite oxides, and further, lithium, oxygen, etc. are in excess of the stoichiometric ratio. LiMn 2 O 4 prepared in the above manner.
[0029]
The negative electrode active material used for the negative electrodes 101b and 101c is not particularly limited as long as it is a lithium-based negative electrode material, and is a material capable of doping and dedoping lithium, such as safety and reliability such as cycle life. Is preferable. Examples of materials that can be doped and dedoped with lithium include graphite-based materials, carbon-based materials, tin oxide-based, silicon oxide-based metal oxides, and polyacene, which are used as negative electrode materials for known lithium ion batteries. Examples thereof include conductive polymers represented by organic organic semiconductors. In particular, from the viewpoint of safety, a polyacene-based substance that generates a small amount of heat at around 150 ° C. or a material containing the same is desirable.
[0030]
Although the structure of the separator 104 is not particularly limited, a single-layer or multi-layer separator can be used, and at least one sheet is preferably a nonwoven fabric. In this case, cycle characteristics are improved. The material of the separator 104 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyamides, kraft paper, and glass. Polyethylene and polypropylene are preferable from the viewpoints of cost, moisture content, and the like. . When polyethylene or polypropylene is used as the separator 104, the weight per unit area of the separator is preferably 5 g / m 2 or more and 30 g / m 2 or less, more preferably 5 g / m 2 or more and 20 g / m 2 or less. still more preferably 8 g / m 2 or more 20 g / m 2 or less. If the basis weight of the separator exceeds 30 g / m 2, the separator is too thick, or the porosity is reduced, it is not preferable because the internal resistance of the battery is high, if it is less than 5 g / m 2, practical strength Is not preferable.
[0031]
As the electrolyte of the non-aqueous secondary battery of this embodiment, a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a known lithium salt can be used, which is appropriately determined depending on the use conditions such as the positive electrode material, the negative electrode material, and the charging voltage, and more specifically. Specifically, lithium salts such as LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, dimethoxyethane, γ-butyrolactone, methyl acetate, methyl formate, or these two types The thing etc. which melt | dissolved in organic solvents, such as the above mixed solvents, are illustrated. Further, the concentration of the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, but generally 0.5 mol / l to 2 mol / l is practical, and naturally the electrolytic solution has a water content of 100 ppm or less. It is preferable to use it. In addition, the non-aqueous electrolyte used in this specification means a concept including a non-aqueous electrolyte solution and an organic electrolyte solution, and also refers to a concept including a gel-like or solid electrolyte.
[0032]
The non-aqueous secondary battery configured as described above can be used for a household power storage system (night power storage, cogeneration, solar power generation, etc.), a power storage system such as an electric vehicle, and the like. It can have an energy density. In this case, the energy capacity is preferably 30 Wh or more, more preferably 50 Wh or more, and the energy density is preferably 180 Wh / l or more, more preferably 200 Wh / l. When the energy capacity is less than 30 Wh or when the volumetric energy density is less than 180 Wh / l, the capacity is small for use in the power storage system, and it is necessary to increase the number of series-parallel batteries to obtain sufficient system capacity. In addition, it is not preferable for a power storage system because a compact design becomes difficult.
[0033]
By the way, in general, a large lithium secondary battery (energy capacity of 30 Wh or more) for a power storage system can obtain a high energy density, but its battery design is an extension of a small battery for portable devices. However, the shape of the battery is a cylindrical shape, a rectangular shape or the like that is three times or more that of a small battery for portable devices. In this case, heat is likely to be accumulated inside the battery due to Joule heat generation due to the internal resistance of the battery during charging and discharging, or internal heat generation of the battery due to change in entropy of the active material due to the entry and exit of lithium ions. For this reason, the temperature difference between the temperature inside the battery and the vicinity of the battery surface is large, and the internal resistance differs accordingly. As a result, variations in charge amount and voltage are likely to occur. In addition, since this type of battery is used as a plurality of assembled batteries, the ease of heat storage differs depending on the installation position of the batteries in the system, resulting in variations among the batteries, and accurate control of the entire assembled battery is possible. It becomes difficult. In addition, because of insufficient heat dissipation during high-rate charging / discharging, etc., the battery temperature rises, leaving the battery unfavorable, resulting in a decrease in life due to decomposition of the electrolyte, and thermal runaway of the battery. Problems such as induction of reliability, particularly safety, remained.
[0034]
The flat non-aqueous secondary battery according to the present embodiment has a large heat radiation area and is advantageous for heat radiation, and thus can solve the above-described problems. That is, the nonaqueous secondary battery of the present embodiment has a flat shape, and the thickness thereof is preferably less than 12 mm, more preferably less than 10 mm, and further preferably less than 8 mm. As for the lower limit of the thickness, 2 mm or more is practical in consideration of the filling factor of the electrode and the battery size (the area becomes larger in order to obtain the same capacity as the thickness is reduced). When the thickness of the battery is 12 mm or more, it becomes difficult to sufficiently dissipate the heat generated inside the battery to the outside, or the temperature difference between the inside of the battery and the vicinity of the battery surface increases, resulting in different internal resistances. The variation in the amount of charge and voltage in the battery increases. The specific thickness is appropriately determined according to the battery capacity and the energy density, but it is preferable to design with the maximum thickness that provides the expected heat dissipation characteristics.
[0035]
In addition, as the shape of the non-aqueous secondary battery of the present embodiment, for example, the flat front and back surfaces can be various shapes such as a square, a circle, an oval, etc. However, it may be a polygon such as a triangle or a hexagon. Furthermore, it can also be made into cylindrical shapes, such as a thin cylinder. In the case of a cylinder, the thickness of the cylinder is the thickness referred to here. Further, from the viewpoint of ease of manufacture, the flat front and back surfaces of the battery are rectangular, and a notebook shape as shown in FIG. 1 is preferable.
[0036]
The materials used for the top lid 1 and the bottom container 2 to be the battery container are appropriately selected depending on the use and shape of the battery, and are not particularly limited, and iron, stainless steel, aluminum, etc. are common and practical. is there. Further, the thickness of the battery container is appropriately determined depending on the use and shape of the battery or the material of the battery case, and is not particularly limited. Preferably, the thickness of the portion of 80% or more of the battery surface area (the thickness of the portion having the largest area constituting the battery container) is 0.2 mm or more. If the thickness is less than 0.2 mm, it is not desirable because the strength required for manufacturing the battery cannot be obtained. From this viewpoint, it is more preferably 0.3 mm or more. The thickness of the same part is desirably 1 mm or less. If this thickness exceeds 1 mm, the force to hold down the electrode surface increases, but it is not desirable because the internal volume of the battery is reduced and a sufficient capacity cannot be obtained, or the weight increases. Preferably it is 0.7 mm or less.
[0037]
As described above, by designing the thickness of the non-aqueous secondary battery to be less than 12 mm, for example, when the battery has a large capacity of 30 Wh or more and a high energy density of 180 Wh / l, a high rate charge / discharge, etc. However, the rise in battery temperature is small, and it can have excellent heat dissipation characteristics. Therefore, the heat storage of the battery due to internal heat generation is reduced, and as a result, it is possible to suppress the thermal runaway of the battery, and it is possible to provide a non-aqueous secondary battery excellent in reliability and safety.
[0038]
Next, the final sealing step in the method for manufacturing the non-aqueous secondary battery configured as described above will be described in detail. In the non-aqueous secondary battery of this embodiment, the positive electrode 101a, the negative electrodes 101b and 101c, the separator 104, and the non-aqueous electrolyte are accommodated in a battery container so that the internal pressure of the battery after completion is less than atmospheric pressure, and at least After the battery is charged once, the final sealing step of the battery container is performed in a state where the pressure in the battery container is set to less than atmospheric pressure.
[0039]
The final sealing step is preferably performed after at least one charging operation. The above charging operation adopts various conditions depending on the types of positive electrode material, negative electrode material, separator, electrolyte, etc. used in the battery, the moisture content and impurities of these materials, the voltage at which the battery is used, etc. Can do. For example, the final sealing step may be carried out after charging at a rate of about 4 to 8 hours to the working voltage of the battery, applying a constant voltage as necessary, and further discharging at a rate of about 8 hours. . Alternatively, various charging operations such as sealing after performing only the charging operation below the capacity of the battery and sealing after repeating charging and discharging twice or more are also possible. The internal pressure of the battery is maintained below atmospheric pressure.
[0040]
In particular, when a liquid electrolyte using graphite for the negative electrode and a lithium composite oxide for the positive electrode is used, gas is generated in the interior due to the decomposition of the electrolyte at the initial stage of the first charge. Even if the final sealing step is performed at less than atmospheric pressure, the inside of the battery is pressurized (atmospheric pressure or higher) by the first charging operation thereafter, and the battery becomes thicker or the internal resistance and capacity of the battery are reduced. Variations and stable cycle characteristics may not be obtained. However, this problem can be solved by performing the final sealing step below atmospheric pressure after performing a charging operation to generate gas as in the present embodiment. In this case, when the first charging operation is performed, the inside of the battery can be set to less than atmospheric pressure, but the pressure inside the battery at this time is not particularly limited.
[0041]
Moreover, the method of making the inside of the battery less than atmospheric pressure is not particularly limited, but specifically, it can be performed as follows.
[0042]
First, as shown in FIG. 2, the positive electrode 101a, the negative electrodes 101b and 101c, and the separator 104 are laminated, and the obtained electrode laminate is accommodated in the upper lid 1 and the bottom container 2, and the outer periphery of the upper lid 1 and the bottom container 2 Weld the parts. Next, the electrolytic solution is injected into the battery container from the liquid injection port 5. Next, for the temporary sealing, the liquid injection port 5 is once sealed using a heat-sealing type sealing film 6 typified by the aforementioned aluminum-modified polypropylene laminate film and aluminum-modified polyethylene laminate film and having a low moisture permeability. Then, after charging at least once as described above, the sealing film 6 is removed. In addition, the method of said temporary sealing is not specifically limited to said example, You may seal an opening part temporarily using a screw | thread etc. Moreover, the state which removed the water | moisture content, for example, interrupted | blocked air In an environment or a dry atmosphere with a dew point of −40 ° C. or lower, the above charging operation may be performed without sealing.
[0043]
Next, the sealing film 6 is heat-sealed as a final sealing step. The method used in the final sealing step is not particularly limited to the above example, and a metal plate or foil is welded, or a cock is attached to the battery container to bring the inside of the battery to a predetermined pressure (less than atmospheric pressure). After reducing the pressure, the cock may be closed.
[0044]
The pressure in the final sealing step is less than atmospheric pressure, preferably 650 Torr or less, more preferably 550 Torr or less. This pressure is determined according to the internal pressure required for the finally completed battery. Further, the peripheral length of the opening provided in the battery container for performing the final sealing step is preferably 1/10 or less, more preferably 1/20 or less, of the outer peripheral length of the battery. If the perimeter of the opening exceeds 1/10 of the perimeter, as described above, the fusion area becomes large, a huge heat fusion device is required, and the reliability of the fusion part is lacking. A problem occurs. Moreover, it is preferable that the part which provides this opening part exists in front and back except the outer peripheral part 5mm of a battery. If the opening is provided within 5 mm of the outer peripheral portion of the battery, sufficient strength cannot be obtained, and sealing failure such as leakage of the electrolyte is likely to occur, which is not preferable.
[0045]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
Example 1
(1) 100 parts by weight of LiCo 2 O 4 , 8 parts by weight of acetylene black and 3 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were mixed with 100 parts by weight of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) to obtain a positive electrode mixture slurry. The slurry was applied to both sides of a 20 μm thick aluminum foil serving as a current collector, dried, and then pressed to obtain a positive electrode. (A) of FIG. 6 is explanatory drawing of a positive electrode. In this embodiment, the application area (W1 × W2) of the positive electrode 101a is 262.5 × 192 mm 2 , and is applied to both surfaces of a 20 μm current collector 105a with a thickness of 103 μm. As a result, the electrode thickness t is 226 μm. Moreover, the positive electrode current collection piece 106a to which the electrode is not applied is provided on the short side of the electrode, and two long holes of 5 mm × 3 mm are formed.
[0046]
(2) 100 parts by weight of graphitized mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB, manufactured by Osaka Gas Chemical Co., No. 6-28) and 10 parts by weight of PVDF were mixed with 90 parts by weight of NMP to obtain a negative electrode mixture slurry. The slurry was applied to both sides of a 14 μm thick copper foil serving as a current collector, dried, and then pressed to obtain a negative electrode. FIG. 6B is an explanatory diagram of the negative electrode. The negative electrode 101b is 2.25 mm on both sides in the long side direction and 1.5 mm larger on both sides in the short side direction than the positive electrode, and the coating area (W1 × W2) of the negative electrode 101b is 267 × 195 mm 2 and is 18 μm in size. It is applied to both surfaces of the electric body 105b with a thickness of 108 μm. As a result, the electrode thickness t is 234 μm. Moreover, the negative electrode current collection piece 106b in which the electrode is not applied is provided on the short side of the electrode, and two long holes of 5 mm × 3 mm are formed. Further, a single-sided electrode having a thickness of 126 μm was prepared by the same method except that the coating was applied to only one side. The single-sided electrode is arranged on the outer side in the electrode laminate of item (3) (101c in FIG. 2).
[0047]
(3) FIG. 6C is an explanatory diagram of the separator. The area (W1 × W2) of the separator 104 is 271 × 197 mm 2, which is 2 mm larger on both sides in the long side direction and 1 mm larger on both sides in the short side direction than the negative electrode 104b. As shown in FIG. 2, eight positive electrodes and nine negative electrodes (two inner surfaces) obtained in the above (1) were used as separators 104a (polypropylene nonwoven fabric: Nippon Kogyo Paper Industries, MP1050, basis weight 10 g / m 2 ). The separators 104b (polyethylene microporous membrane; Asahi Kasei Kogyo HIPORE 6022, weight per unit area: 13.3 g / m 2 ) are alternately stacked via the separators 104, and the outer negative electrode 101c is insulated for insulation from the battery container. Furthermore, the separator 104b was arrange | positioned on the outer side, and the electrode laminated body was created. The separator 104 was arranged so that the separator 104b was on the positive electrode side and the separator 104a was on the negative electrode side. For the above lamination, a lamination jig shown in FIG. 3 was used, and the lamination time was 28 minutes on average of 10 times.
[0048]
(4) As shown in FIG. 1, a SUS304 thin plate having a thickness of 0.5 mm was squeezed to a depth of 5 mm to form a bottom container 2, and the upper lid 1 was also made of a SUS304 thin plate having a thickness of 0.5 mm. Next, as shown in FIG. 5, the positive electrode terminal 3 made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal 4 made of copper (terminal maximum portion 6 mmφ, female screw portion M3 for external connection) were attached to the upper lid 1. The positive and negative terminals 3 and 4 were insulated from the upper lid 1 by a polypropylene gasket. Further, the positive electrode terminal 3 is caulked with an aluminum positive electrode tab 32 serving as a relay member, and the negative electrode terminal 4 is caulked with a copper negative electrode tab 42 serving as a relay member, which are electrically connected to each other. Accordingly, each part was insulated using a PET adhesive tape.
[0049]
(5) Fasten with aluminum nuts 34 through aluminum bolts 33 to the two positioning holes of each positive electrode current collecting piece 106a and the two holes of positive electrode tab 32 of the electrode laminate prepared in the above item (3). Then, the copper current bolts 43 were fastened to the two positioning holes of each negative electrode current collecting piece 106b and the two holes of the negative electrode tab 42 with a copper nut 44, and electrically connected to each other. The connected electrode laminate was fixed with an insulating tape, and the corner A in FIG. 1 was laser welded over the entire circumference. Thereafter, a solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1 mol / l was poured into a solvent in which ethylene carbonate: diethyl carbonate: methyl ethyl carbonate was mixed at a weight ratio of 6: 7: 7 as an electrolytic solution from an injection port 5 (6 mmφ). did. Next, under a reduced pressure of 300 Torr, the liquid injection port 5 was once sealed using a temporary fixing bolt.
[0050]
(6) This battery is charged to 4.1 V with a current of 5 A, and then subjected to constant current and constant voltage charging for 12 hours, and then discharged to 2.5 V with a constant current of 5 A. Then, the temporary fixing bolt of the battery was removed, and the sealing film 6 made of an aluminum foil-modified polypropylene laminate film having a thickness of 0.08 mm punched out to 12 mmφ under a reduced pressure of 300 Torr was again set at a temperature of 250 to 350 ° C. The liquid injection port 5 was finally sealed by heat-sealing under the conditions of a pressure of 1 to 3 kg / cm 2 and a pressurization time of 5 to 10 seconds. Next, measurement tabs were attached to the positive electrode terminal 3 and the negative electrode terminal 4 of the obtained battery using M3 screws. At this time, the internal resistance of the battery was 4.6 mΩ, and it was stable even when the measurement tab was pulled strongly. When the battery was charged and discharged at a constant current and a constant voltage under the same conditions as described above, the discharge capacity was 27.2 Ah and the energy capacity was 100 Wh. When discharged at a constant current of 25 A, the discharge capacity was 24.0 Ah. The rise in battery temperature at the end of discharge was less than when a box-shaped (thickness of 12 mm or more) battery having the same capacity was assembled.
(Comparative Example 1)
A battery was assembled in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the positive terminal and the negative terminal (terminal maximum portion 6 mmφ) without M3 external connection female screw portions were used. Next, the measurement tabs were attached to the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal using laser welding, and the internal resistance was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the internal resistance of the battery was 5.4 mΩ. It pulled off easily when pulled.
[0051]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above, according to the present invention, a flat battery, in particular, a flat battery having a large capacity and a high volumetric energy density, adopts a new positive electrode and a negative electrode terminal, so that a load between batteries or an external load can be obtained. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a flat non-aqueous secondary battery that can be easily attached to the battery and can provide sufficient strength and can reduce the thickness of the battery.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1A and 1B are a plan view and a side view of a nonaqueous secondary battery for a power storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a side view showing a configuration of an electrode laminate housed in the battery shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
3 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a method for stacking the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator of the battery shown in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which electrodes and the like are stacked using a positioning jig and a state in which a negative electrode current collecting piece is fastened with bolts and nuts after positioning.
5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a connection structure of a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal of the battery shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator used in an example of a nonaqueous secondary battery of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a connection structure of external terminals of a conventional battery.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Top cover 2 Bottom container 3 Positive electrode terminal 4 Negative electrode terminal 5 Injection hole 6 Sealing film 31, 41 Female thread part 101a Positive electrode (both sides)
101b Negative electrode (both sides)
101c Negative electrode (single side)
104, 104a, 104b Separator 105a Positive electrode current collector 105b Negative electrode current collector 106a Positive electrode current collector piece 106b Negative electrode current collector piece 107a Positive electrode positioning hole 107b Negative electrode positioning hole

Claims (6)

正極、負極、セパレータ、及びリチウム塩を含む非水系電解質を収容する電池容器を備えた非水系二次電池であって、
前記非水系二次電池は、前記電池容器の厚さが12mm未満の扁平形状であり、そのエネルギー容量が30Wh以上且つ体積エネルギー密度が180Wh/l以上であり、
前記電池容器の表裏面の少なくとも一方には、正極端子及び負極端子が設けられており、
前記正極端子及び/又は前記負極端子の前記電池容器の外側部分には、前記正極端子及び/又は前記負極端子と外部接続部材とを接続するための凹部が設けられ、
前記正極端子及び/又は前記負極端子の前記電池容器の内側部分は、前記正極の正極集電体及び/又は前記負極の負極集電体、若しくは前記正極集電体に電気的に接続された中継部材及び/又は前記負極集電体に電気的に接続された中継部材に直接接合されることを特徴とする非水系二次電池。
A non-aqueous secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a battery container containing a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a lithium salt,
The non-aqueous secondary battery has a flat shape with a thickness of the battery container of less than 12 mm, an energy capacity of 30 Wh or more and a volume energy density of 180 Wh / l or more,
At least one of the front and back surfaces of the battery container is provided with a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal,
Wherein the outer portion of the battery case of the positive electrode terminal and / or said negative terminal, the positive electrode terminal and / or recesses for connecting the negative terminal and the external connection member is provided,
Relaying said inner portion of said battery case of the positive electrode terminal and / or said negative terminal, the positive cathode current collector of the electrode and / or negative electrode current collector of the negative electrode, or to the positive electrode current collector being electrically connected A non-aqueous secondary battery, which is directly joined to a member and / or a relay member electrically connected to the negative electrode current collector.
前記正極端子及び/又は前記負極端子の前記電池容器の内側部分の接合は、かしめによる圧着又は溶接によることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水系二次電池。The positive electrode terminal and / or bonding of the inner portion of the battery case of the negative terminal, a non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, characterized in that by crimping or welding by caulking. 前記正極端子及び/又は前記負極端子の前記電池容器の外側部分の接続は、嵌着又は螺着によることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の非水系二次電池。The positive electrode terminal and / or connection of the outer portion of the battery case of the negative terminal, a non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that by fitting or screwing. 前記正極は、マンガン酸化物を含み、前記負極は、リチウムをドープ及び脱ドープ可能な物質を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から3までのいずれかに記載の非水系二次電池。  The non-aqueous secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the positive electrode includes a manganese oxide, and the negative electrode includes a material capable of doping and dedoping lithium. 前記扁平形状の電池容器の表裏面の形状は、矩形であることを特徴とする請求項1から4までのいずれかに記載の非水系二次電池。The non-aqueous secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a shape of the front and back surfaces of the flat battery container is rectangular. 記電池容器の板厚は、0.2mm以上1mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1から5までのいずれかに記載の非水系二次電池。Thickness before Symbol batteries container nonaqueous secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at 0.2mm to 1mm.
JP06507899A 1999-03-11 1999-03-11 Non-aqueous secondary battery Expired - Fee Related JP4009803B2 (en)

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JP3600107B2 (en) * 2000-03-09 2004-12-08 松下電器産業株式会社 Sealed battery and sealing method thereof
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