JP3979592B2 - Method for producing humidity conditioning building material using allophane or imogolite-containing composition - Google Patents
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物を利用した新規調湿材料、その製造方法、及び調湿建材に関するものであり、更に詳しくは、アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物を炭酸化反応により硬化して得られる炭酸化硬化体を利用した新規調湿材料、その製造方法、および建材として使用し得る高い強度を有し、居住空間内で、優れた調湿性、防露性、および防かび性を付与する機能を有する新規調湿建材に関するものである。
本発明は、アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物の炭酸化硬化体を利用することで、高い強度と調湿作用を有する新規調湿材料を製造し、提供することを実現するものとして有用である。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
夏期になると高温多湿となる日本では、従来の家屋に、例えば、天然の木材、土壁、紙などを使用して、居住空間における湿度の調節を行ってきたが、近年、冷暖房の普及により、省エネルギーを目的として、 居住空間の高断熱・高気密化が主流になり、例えば、石油を原料とする壁紙、ビニルクロス、発泡ウレタンボードなどが常用されるに至っている。しかしながら、近年の高断熱・高気密化を重視したこれらの建材は、湿度を調節するという機能が乏しく、これらの建材を用いた居住空間には湿気が蓄積され、このことが、室内外の温度差により窓や壁などに容易に結露が発生する主な原因となっている。更に、結露の発生は、建材の耐久性を低下させるだけでなく、カビやダニの発生を招き、喘息やアレルギーによる健康障害などを引き起こしている。
【０００３】
このようなことから、居住空間における結露の発生を抑制するために、湿度を調節する機能、すなわち、調湿機能を付与した新しい建材の提案がなされている。一例を示せば、例えば、ゼオライトを調湿材とした調湿建材、珪酸カルシウム系調湿建材、アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物を利用した調湿建材があげられる（特許文献１〜４参照）。
【０００４】
上記のように、種々の調湿機能を有する新しい建材が提案されているが、上記ゼオライトを利用した調湿建材では、ゼオライトの細孔直径が３〜８オングストロームと微細な細孔が多く、吸湿性には優れているが、逆に、放湿性に乏しいという短所がある。また、上記ゼオライトを利用した調湿建材では、セメントなどの硬化材を使用するため、その調湿機能は、配合されるゼオライトの量に依存することとなり、所望の調湿特性を持たせるのが難しいという問題がある。
【０００５】
また、上記珪酸カルシウム系調湿建材については、珪酸カルシウム系には、ゾノトライト系とトバモライト系の２種があり、ゾノトライト系は、吸放湿速度は大きいが、吸放湿量が小さく、トバモライト系は、吸放湿量が大きいものの、吸放湿速度が小さいというと特徴があり、特に、高湿度状態が長期間続く場合には、調湿機能に限界があるという問題がある。
【０００６】
更に、調湿建材の材料として、上記アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物を利用した調湿建材が提案されている。アロフェンは、粒子直径が３５〜５０オングストロームの中空球状粒子であり、表面に３〜５オングストロームの空孔を有しており、また、イモゴライトは、直径がおよそ２０オングストロームのチューブ状の形態を有しており、どちらも調湿機能に優れていることが知られている。
【０００７】
この調湿建材を開示する先行文献によれば、アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物を、粘土、モルタル、石膏などの凝結硬化剤と混合、成形、凝結し、必要により、更に、８００℃で焼成させてなる調湿建材およびその製造方法が提案されているが、この調湿建材は、粘土、モルタル、石膏などの凝結硬化剤を使用するため、その調湿機能は配合されるアロフェンまたはイモゴライトの量に依存することとなり、また、焼成させたものは、高温の焼成過程を必要とするため、エネルギーの消費の面で問題があり、しかも、地球温暖化の原因となる二酸化炭素を多量に排出することから、環境面で好ましい方法とは言いがたいものである。
【０００８】
【特許文献１】
特開平３−１０９２４４号公報
【特許文献２】
特開平２−９０９１９号公報
【特許文献３】
特公平２−４６号公報
【特許文献４】
特開平８−１４４３８７号公報
【０００９】
このように、調湿機能を付与した調湿建材については、これまで、種々の提案がなされてきたが、従来の調湿建材には、母材となる調湿材の吸放湿性が不十分であったり、また、製造過程においてエネルギー消費が大きいなどの各種問題点があり、当該技術分野においては、これらの問題を確実に解決することが可能な新しい調湿材料の開発が強く要請されていた。
【００１０】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このような状況の中で、本発明者らは、上記従来技術に鑑みて、上記従来技術の問題点を抜本的に解決すべく、鋭意検討を重ねた結果、アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物を、水酸化カルシウム系硬化剤と混合し、成形した後、成形体を炭酸化反応により炭酸化して硬化させることで、建材としての強度を有し、かつ優れた調湿機能を有する新規調湿建材を製造し得ることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
本発明は、アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物の炭酸化硬化体からなる、高い強度と調湿作用を有する新規調湿材料、その製造方法、および調湿建材を提供することを目的とするものである。
【００１１】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するための本発明は、以下の技術的手段から構成される。
（１）建材としての高い強度を有し、かつ優れた吸放湿特性を保持するアロフェンまたはイモゴライト系調湿材料を製造する方法であって、アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物と水酸化カルシウム系硬化剤を混合して、混合物とし、任意に水を加えて、混合し、プレス成形して成形体とした後、得られた成形体を二酸化炭素含有ガスと接触させることにより炭酸化反応させて炭酸化硬化体とし、その際に、炭酸化反応による炭酸化率とそれによる硬化の度合を適宜調節することを特徴とする所定の強度と調湿作用を有するアロフェンまたはイモゴライト系調湿材料の製造方法。
（２）アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物１０〜９０重量部と、水酸化カルシウム９０〜１０重量部を混合して、混合物とする、前記（１）に記載の調湿材料の製造方法。
（３）成形体を、常温以上の高湿度雰囲気で、二酸化炭素含有ガスと接触させて炭酸化反応させ、曲げ強度が４．９〜１８．０ＭＰａ、温度２５℃、相対湿度９０％で２４時間保持した後、２５℃、相対湿度５０％で２４時間保持するサイクルを２回繰り返して行ったときの吸放湿量が２１３〜７７８ｇ／ｍ２ である調湿材料を製造する、前記（１）に記載の調湿材料の製造方法。
（４）前記（１）から（３）のいずれかに記載の製造方法により作製された、建材としての高い強度を有し、かつ優れた吸放湿特性を保持するアロフェンまたはイモゴライト系調湿材料であって、アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物と水酸化カルシウム系硬化剤の混合物から構成されるプレス成形体の炭酸化硬化体からなり、曲げ強度が４．９〜１８．０ＭＰａ、温度２５℃、相対湿度９０％で２４時間保持した後、２５℃、相対湿度５０％で２４時間保持するサイクルを２回繰り返して行ったときの吸放湿量が２１３〜７７８ｇ／ｍ ２ であることを特徴とする所定の強度と調湿作用を有するアロフェンまたはイモゴライト系調湿材料。
（５）前記（４）記載のアロフェンまたはイモゴライト系調湿材料を構成要素として含むことを特徴とする調湿建材。
【００１２】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明について更に詳細に説明する。
本発明の好適な実施の形態を説明すると、本発明では、原材料のアロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物として、例えば、鹿沼土（主成分のアロフェンの他に、イモゴライト、イライト、石英などを含む）、大沢土、および膠質土、水土、味噌土と呼ばれる各地の火山軽石層の鉱物が実質的に使用されるが、これらに限らず、アロフェンまたはイモゴライトを主成分として含むものであれば同様に使用することができる。アロフェンおよびイモゴライトは、いずれも火山灰土壌の主体をなすものであり、アロフェンは微細な球状粒子であり、また、イモゴライトは微細な中空管状構造を持つことから、比表面積が大きく、優れた吸放湿特性を有する。また、水酸化カルシウム系硬化剤としては、水酸化カルシウムを含有するものであればよく、例えば、消石灰、苦土消石灰、生石灰、苦土生石灰などが一例として挙げられる。このようなアロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物と水酸化カルシウム系硬化剤とを、必要により水を加えて、混合し、成形した後、成形体を二酸化炭素含有ガスに接触させて炭酸化反応させることで硬化させ、炭酸化硬化体とする。上記成形の方法としては、例えば、プレスなどの方法を利用することができるが、工業的な生産性を考えると、プレス成形が好適である。
【００１３】
アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物と、水酸化カルシウム系硬化剤の混合割合については、特に制限しないが、アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物１０〜９０重量部に対して、水酸化カルシウムを９０〜１０重量部とすることが好ましい。これより硬化剤の水酸化カルシウムが少ないと、建材としての強度が不足し、逆に、これより水酸化カルシウムが過剰になると、高い調湿性能を得ることができない。より好ましい混合割合として２：８〜５：５が例示される。更に、これらの混合物に、必要に応じて水を適量加えて、混合、成形しても差し支えない。
【００１４】
これらの成形体を炭酸化反応させる段階においては、これらの成形体を二酸化炭素含有ガスに接触させるが、その条件については、特に限定されるものではない。この場合、常温において、成形体に二酸化炭素含有ガスを接触させてもよいが、より効果的に炭酸化反応を進めるには、成形体を常温以上の高湿度雰囲気で、二酸化炭素含有ガスと接触させることが望ましい。具体的には、例えば、反応容器として、棚式の箱型乾燥機、真空乾燥機、コンベアベルト式などの流動層乾燥装置などを利用する方法が例示される。これらの反応容器に、上記成形体を入れ、二酸化炭素含有ガスを供給して炭酸化反応が行われる。更には、工業的な生産性を上げるために、成形体をオートクレーブのような高温高圧装置内で二酸化炭素含有ガスと接触させてもよく、本発明では、炭酸化反応の方法及び手段は特に制限されない。
【００１５】
また、上記炭酸化反応については、反応を完結させてもよいが、反応を完結させなくても、建材等として利用し得る所定の強度が得られる程度に炭酸化され、硬化されていればよく、炭酸化反応の程度は特に制限されない。すなわち、本発明では、対象とする建材等の種類に応じて、炭酸化反応による炭酸化率とそれによる硬化の度合を適宜調節して所定の強度を有する調湿材料、調湿建材を任意に作製することができる。なお、本発明の調湿建材およびその製造方法において、その調湿性能を損わない範囲内で、補強材、顔料などの添加剤を添加させても差し支えない。本発明の調湿材料は、例えば、壁、床、天井などのほか、扉、柵などの建材に好適に使用することができ、それにより、快適な居住空間を構成することが可能となる。
【００１６】
本発明は、アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物と水酸化カルシウム系硬化剤を調湿建材の材料とすることを特徴とするものであり、原材料のアロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物は、火山灰土壌の主体をなすものであり、火山国であるわが国においては豊富に埋蔵されており、比較的、安価で、しかも、容易に入手可能な鉱物資源である。また、水酸化カルシウムは、工業的には、例えば、消石灰として安価に市販されており、また、炭酸化反応で使用される二酸化炭素含有ガスについても、工場の排ガスを使用することができることから、本発明の調湿建材の原材料のすべてが、安価で、しかも容易に入手できるという利点を有している。
【００１７】
また、本発明の調湿材料の製造方法は、混合、成形、および炭酸化反応による硬化という簡便な過程で構成されることから、エネルギーの消費が少なくてすむ。したがって、本発明の調湿建材を製造するにあたっては、従来の調湿建材と比べて、製造工程が簡便であり、製造コストを大幅に低くできるという大きな利点がある。
【００１８】
本発明の方法により、後記する実施例に示されるように、曲げ強度４．９〜１８．０ＭＰａ、吸放湿量２１３〜７７８ｇ／ｍ2 を有する調湿材料を製造することができる。本発明の調湿建材は、調湿材としてアロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物を使用するため、わが国のような長期に高温多湿が続くような場合でも、調湿特性を有効に保つことができ、それにより、居住空間における結露の発生を抑制することができる。すなわち、本発明の調湿建材を使用することにより、居住空間を人が快適に過ごせる湿度範囲に調節でき、結露を防止して、ダニやカビの発生を抑えることができ、それにより、建物の耐久性も向上させることが可能となる。
【００１９】
【作用】
本発明では、アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物と水酸化カルシウム系硬化剤を、必要により水を加えて、混合し、成形した後、得られた成形体を二酸化炭素含有ガスにより炭酸化反応させるが、それにより、建材等として使用するのに好適な所定の強度を有する炭酸化硬化体を作製することができる。その硬化のメカニズムについての詳細は不明であるが、おそらく、成形体中の水酸化カルシウム分がアロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物中のアルミニウム分やシリカ分などと一度反応し、更に、炭酸化反応により、水酸化カルシウム分が微粒の炭酸カルシウムとして生成し、これが、それぞれの粒子間の結合剤として役割を果たしているものと考えられる。
【００２０】
【実施例】
次に、実施例に基づいて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は、以下の実施例によって何ら限定されるものではない。
実施例１
（１）アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物の調製
市販の園芸用鹿沼土を、水に分散させ、０．５ｍｍの篩にて、オーバー品を取り除き、水簸操作を３回行い、ろ過、および１１０℃で１日乾燥することにより、アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物を得た。この試料を以下の試験に供した。
【００２１】
（２）強度試験
得られた試料（試験片）の３点曲げ強度を、ＪＩＳ Ａ ５２０９に準じて、３０秒以内に測定が終了するような荷重速度で、支点間距離２０ｍｍの条件下で、測定した。
【００２２】
（３）炭酸化率の測定
上記強度試験に供した試験片の破断面を、カッターで約１ｇ削り取り、蒸留水約１００ｍｌ添加し、フェノールフタレインを指示薬として、約１Ｎの塩酸水溶液で滴定した。更に、フェノールフタレインを指示薬とする滴定後に、メチルオレンジを指示薬として、同じく約１Ｎの塩酸水溶液で滴定を行った。フェノールフタレインを指示薬とした塩酸水溶液の滴定量をＡｍｌ、メチルオレンジを指示薬とした塩酸水溶液の滴定量をＢｍｌとして、炭酸化率（％）を、１００×Ｂ／（Ａ＋Ｂ）でもって計算した。
【００２３】
（４）吸放湿試験
得られた試料の調湿性能については、吸放湿試験を行うことで評価した。前処理として、５面シール加工した後、２５℃、相対湿度５０％の条件下で吸湿飽和させた。この前処理済みの試験片を、２５℃、相対湿度９０％で２４時間保持した後、２５℃、相対湿度５０％に変化させて、２４時間保持するというサイクルを２回繰り返して行った。２サイクル目の吸湿過程の終了時と、放湿過程の終了時における試験片の重量差を吸放湿面積で割った値を吸放湿量とした。
【００２４】
（５）炭酸化硬化体の製造
アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物と消石灰の重量混合比が７：３になるように混合した。更に、この混合物の約８ｇに、水を適量添加して、混合して、３５ｍｍ×３５ｍｍの金型に投入し、４００ｋｇ／ｃｍ2 の圧力でプレス成形した。得られた成形体を、底に水を張って、しかも、約５０℃に保温したデシケーター内に置いて、ほぼ１００％の二酸化炭素ガスを約２０ｍｌ／分で通風して４０時間炭酸化反応を行った。炭酸化反応により得られた硬化体の曲げ強度、炭酸化率、吸放湿量を測定した。その結果を表１に示す。また、吸放湿試験における吸放湿量の変化を図１に示す。
【００２５】
実施例２〜１２
上記実施例１と同様にして、アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物と水酸化カルシウムの混合比、混合量、プレス圧を変え、また、炭酸化反応の温度あるいは反応時間の炭酸化反応の条件を変えて、炭酸化硬化体を得た。混合比、プレス圧、炭酸化反応の条件、硬化体の物性測定の結果を表１に示す。また、実施例４において得られた調湿建材の吸放湿試験における吸放湿量の変化を図２に示す。
【００２６】
【表１】
比較例１〜３
市販の調湿建材のケイ酸カルシウム系調湿建材（比較例１）、ゼオライト系調湿建材（比較例２）、アロフェン系調湿建材（比較例３）について、同様にして、曲げ試験、吸放湿量の測定を行った。その結果を表２に示す。
【００２８】
【表２】
上記実施例および比較例の結果より、実施例の調湿建材は、高い曲げ強度および高い吸放湿量を有することが分かった。なお、他のアロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物として、大沢土、および膠質土、水土、味噌土と呼ばれる各地の火山軽石層の鉱物を用いて同様の試験を行った結果、ほぼ同様の結果が得られた。
【００３０】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述したように、本発明は、アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物を利用した調湿材料、その製造方法、および調湿建材に係るものであり、本発明により、アロフェンまたはイモゴライト含有組成物を炭酸化して硬化した炭酸化硬化体からなる高い強度と優れた吸放湿特性を有するアロフェンまたはイモゴライト系調湿材料およびその製造方法を提供することができる。本発明の調湿建材は、高い強度と調湿作用を有しており、従来の調湿建材に比べて、高強度で、吸放湿量が大きいため、調湿建材として好適に使用することが可能であり、それにより、より快適な居住空間を構成することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】実施例１による吸放湿試験の吸放湿量の変化を示すグラフである。
【図２】実施例４による吸放湿試験の吸放湿量の変化を示すグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel humidity control material using an allophane or imogolite-containing composition, a method for producing the same, and a humidity control building material, and more specifically, obtained by curing an allophane or imogolite-containing composition by a carbonation reaction. New humidity control material using carbonized cured product, manufacturing method thereof, and high strength that can be used as a building material, and imparts excellent humidity control, dew resistance, and fungicide in a living space The present invention relates to a new humidity control building material.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION This invention is useful as what implement | achieves producing and providing the novel humidity control material which has high intensity | strength and a humidity control effect | action by utilizing the carbonated hardening body of an allophane or imogolite containing composition.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In Japan, which becomes hot and humid in the summer, the humidity in the living space has been adjusted using conventional wood, for example, natural wood, earth walls, paper, etc. For the purpose of energy saving, high thermal insulation and airtightness of living spaces have become mainstream, and for example, wallpaper made from petroleum, vinyl cloth, foamed urethane boards, etc. have become common. However, these building materials that emphasize high heat insulation and high airtightness in recent years have a poor function of adjusting humidity, and moisture is accumulated in the living space using these building materials. This is the main cause of condensation on windows and walls. Furthermore, the occurrence of condensation not only reduces the durability of building materials, but also causes the generation of mold and mites, causing health problems such as asthma and allergies.
[0003]
For this reason, in order to suppress the occurrence of condensation in the living space, a new building material having a function of adjusting humidity, that is, a humidity control function has been proposed. If an example is shown, the humidity-control building material using the humidity-control building material which used zeolite as the humidity-control material, the calcium-silicate type humidity-control building material, allophane, or an imogolite containing composition is mention | raise | lifted, for example (refer patent documents 1-4).
[0004]
As described above, new building materials having various humidity control functions have been proposed. However, in the humidity control building materials using the above zeolite, the pore diameter of the zeolite is 3 to 8 angstroms and there are many fine pores. Although it is excellent in performance, it has the disadvantage of poor moisture release. In addition, in the humidity control building material using the above zeolite, since a hardening material such as cement is used, the humidity control function depends on the amount of zeolite to be blended, and the desired humidity control characteristics are given. There is a problem that it is difficult.
[0005]
As for the above-mentioned calcium silicate humidity control building materials, there are two types of calcium silicate type: zonotlite type and tobermorite type. The zonotlite type has a high moisture absorption / release rate but a low moisture absorption / release amount. Although the moisture absorption / release amount is large, there is a feature that the moisture absorption / release rate is small, and there is a problem that the humidity control function is limited particularly when a high humidity state continues for a long period of time.
[0006]
Furthermore, humidity control building materials using the allophane or imogolite-containing composition have been proposed as materials for humidity control building materials. Allophane is a hollow spherical particle having a particle diameter of 35 to 50 angstroms, has pores of 3 to 5 angstroms on the surface, and imogolite has a tubular form having a diameter of approximately 20 angstroms. Both are known to have excellent humidity control functions.
[0007]
According to prior literature disclosing this moisture-control building material, the allophane or imogolite-containing composition is mixed with a setting hardening agent such as clay, mortar, gypsum, etc., molded, set, and if necessary, further calcined at 800 ° C. A humidity control building material and a method for producing the same are proposed, but since the humidity control building material uses a setting hardener such as clay, mortar, and gypsum, the humidity control function depends on the amount of allophane or imogolite to be blended. Since the fired product requires a high-temperature firing process, it has a problem in terms of energy consumption and emits a large amount of carbon dioxide that causes global warming. Therefore, it is difficult to say that it is a preferable method in terms of environment.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-3-109244 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-2-90919 [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-46 [Patent Document 4]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-144387
As described above, various proposals have been made for humidity control building materials having a humidity control function. However, conventional humidity control building materials have insufficient moisture absorption / release properties of the humidity control material used as a base material. In addition, there are various problems such as high energy consumption in the manufacturing process, and in this technical field, there is a strong demand for the development of new humidity conditioning materials that can reliably solve these problems. It was.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In such a situation, in view of the prior art, the present inventors, as a result of extensive studies to drastically solve the problems of the prior art, as a result, allophane or imogolite-containing composition, After mixing and molding with a calcium hydroxide-based curing agent, the molded body is carbonated by a carbonation reaction and cured to create a new humidity-controlling building material that has strength as a building material and has an excellent humidity control function. The inventors have found that it can be manufactured and have completed the present invention.
An object of the present invention is to provide a novel humidity control material having a high strength and humidity control action, a manufacturing method thereof, and a humidity control building material, comprising a carbonated cured body of an allophane or imogolite-containing composition. .
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention for solving the above-described problems comprises the following technical means.
(1) has a high strength as a building material, and excellent moisture-absorbing and desorbing properties a method for producing a allophane or imogolite type humidity material holding the allophane or imogolite-containing composition and calcium hydroxide-based curing agent To form a mixture , optionally adding water, mixing, press molding to form a molded body, and then contacting the resulting molded body with a carbon dioxide-containing gas to cause a carbonation reaction and carbonation. A method for producing an allophane or imogolite-based humidity conditioning material having a predetermined strength and humidity conditioning action, wherein a cured body is obtained, and a carbonation rate by a carbonation reaction and a degree of curing thereby are appropriately adjusted. .
(2) The method for producing a humidity control material according to (1), wherein 10 to 90 parts by weight of the allophane or imogolite-containing composition and 90 to 10 parts by weight of calcium hydroxide are mixed to form a mixture .
(3) the shaped body, at room temperature or a high humidity atmosphere, in contact with the carbon dioxide-containing gas is carbonation reaction, bending strength 4.9～18.0MPa, temperature 25 ° C., 90% relative humidity for 24 hours after holding, 25 ° C., absorbing wet weight to produce a 213~778g / m 2 der Ru humidity material when a cycle of holding 24 hours at 50% relative humidity was repeated twice, the (1 The manufacturing method of the humidity-control material of description.
(4) Allophane or imogolite-based humidity conditioning material produced by the production method according to any one of (1) to (3), having high strength as a building material and having excellent moisture absorption / release characteristics a is, Ri Do from carbonation cured product of constituted pressed bodies from a mixture of allophane or imogolite-containing composition and calcium hydroxide-based curing agent, bending strength 4.9～18.0MPa, temperature 25 ° C. after being maintained for 24 hours at a relative humidity of 90%, 25 ° C., the absorbing wet weight is 213~778g / m 2 der Rukoto when the cycle of holding 24 hours at 50% relative humidity was repeated twice An allophane or imogolite-based humidity conditioning material having a predetermined strength and humidity conditioning action.
(5) A humidity control building material comprising the allophane or imogolite-based humidity control material according to (4) as a constituent element.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the present invention, as the raw material allophane or imogolite-containing composition, for example, Kanuma soil (including imogolite, illite, quartz, etc. in addition to main component allophane), Osawa Soil, and minerals from various volcanic pumice layers called colloidal soil, water soil, and miso soil are practically used, but not limited to these, as long as they contain allophane or imogolite as the main component Can do. Allophane and imogolite are the main components of volcanic ash soil, allophane is fine spherical particles, and imogolite has a fine hollow tubular structure, so it has a large specific surface area and excellent moisture absorption and desorption. Has characteristics. Moreover, what is necessary is just to contain calcium hydroxide as a calcium hydroxide type hardening | curing agent, For example, slaked lime, bituminous slaked lime, quick lime, bituminous quick lime etc. are mentioned as an example. Such an allophane or imogolite-containing composition and a calcium hydroxide-based curing agent are added with water as necessary, mixed, molded, and then contacted with a carbon dioxide-containing gas to cause a carbonation reaction. Cured to obtain a carbonized cured body. As the molding method, for example , a method such as pressing can be used, but press molding is preferable in view of industrial productivity .
[0013]
The mixing ratio of the allophane or imogolite-containing composition and the calcium hydroxide-based curing agent is not particularly limited, but the calcium hydroxide is 90 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 10 to 90 parts by weight of the allophane or imogolite-containing composition. It is preferable to do. If there is less calcium hydroxide of a hardening | curing agent than this, the intensity | strength as a building material will run short, and conversely, when calcium hydroxide becomes excessive from this, high humidity control performance cannot be obtained. A more preferable mixing ratio is 2: 8 to 5: 5. Furthermore, an appropriate amount of water may be added to these mixtures as necessary to mix and mold them.
[0014]
In the stage of carbonating these molded bodies, these molded bodies are brought into contact with a carbon dioxide-containing gas, but the conditions are not particularly limited. In this case, the carbon dioxide-containing gas may be brought into contact with the molded body at room temperature, but in order to promote the carbonation reaction more effectively, the molded body is contacted with the carbon dioxide-containing gas in a high-humidity atmosphere at room temperature or higher. It is desirable to make it. Specifically, for example, a method using a fluidized bed drying apparatus such as a shelf type box dryer, a vacuum dryer, or a conveyor belt type as the reaction container is exemplified. The molded body is put into these reaction vessels, and carbonation reaction is performed by supplying a carbon dioxide-containing gas. Furthermore, in order to increase industrial productivity, the molded body may be contacted with a carbon dioxide-containing gas in a high-temperature and high-pressure apparatus such as an autoclave. In the present invention, the carbonation reaction method and means are particularly limited. Not.
[0015]
In addition, the carbonation reaction may be completed. However, the carbonation reaction may be completed to the extent that a predetermined strength that can be used as a building material can be obtained without completing the reaction. The degree of carbonation reaction is not particularly limited. That is, in the present invention, depending on the type of building material to be targeted, the humidity control material and the humidity control building material having a predetermined strength by appropriately adjusting the carbonation rate by the carbonation reaction and the degree of curing thereby are arbitrarily selected. Can be produced. In addition, in the humidity control building material and the manufacturing method thereof of the present invention, additives such as reinforcing materials and pigments may be added as long as the humidity control performance is not impaired. The humidity control material of the present invention can be suitably used for building materials such as walls, floors, ceilings, doors, fences, and the like, thereby making it possible to configure a comfortable living space.
[0016]
The present invention is characterized in that an allophane or imogolite-containing composition and a calcium hydroxide-based curing agent are used as materials for the humidity control building material, and the raw material allophane or imogolite-containing composition is a main component of volcanic ash soil. In Japan, which is a volcanic country, it is an abundant reserve and is a relatively inexpensive and readily available mineral resource. In addition, calcium hydroxide is industrially commercially available, for example, as slaked lime at a low price, and also for the carbon dioxide-containing gas used in the carbonation reaction, the exhaust gas from the factory can be used. All of the raw materials of the humidity control building material of the present invention have the advantage of being inexpensive and readily available.
[0017]
Moreover, since the manufacturing method of the humidity control material of this invention is comprised in the simple process of mixing, shaping | molding, and hardening by a carbonation reaction, it requires less energy consumption. Therefore, in producing the humidity-controlled building material of the present invention, the manufacturing process is simple and the manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced as compared with the conventional humidity-controlled building material.
[0018]
By the method of the present invention, a humidity control material having a bending strength of 4.9 to 18.0 MPa and a moisture absorption / release amount of 213 to 778 g / m 2 can be produced as shown in Examples described later. Since the humidity control building material of the present invention uses an allophane or imogolite-containing composition as a humidity control material, even when high temperature and high humidity continues for a long period of time in Japan, the humidity control characteristics can be maintained effectively. Thus, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of condensation in the living space. That is, by using the humidity control building material of the present invention, it is possible to adjust the living space to a humidity range where people can spend comfortably, to prevent condensation, and to suppress the occurrence of mites and molds. Durability can also be improved.
[0019]
[Action]
In the present invention, the allophane or imogolite-containing composition and the calcium hydroxide-based curing agent are added with water as necessary, mixed and molded, and then the obtained molded product is carbonized with a carbon dioxide-containing gas. Thereby, the carbonation hardening body which has the predetermined intensity | strength suitable for using as a building material etc. can be produced. Although the details about the mechanism of the curing are unclear, perhaps the calcium hydroxide content in the molded body reacts once with the aluminum content or silica content in the allophane or imogolite-containing composition, and further, by the carbonation reaction, It is considered that calcium hydroxide is produced as fine calcium carbonate, which plays a role as a binder between the particles.
[0020]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although this invention is demonstrated concretely based on an Example, this invention is not limited at all by the following Examples.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of allophane or imogolite containing composition Commercially available horticultural kanuma soil is dispersed in water, the over product is removed with a 0.5 mm sieve, and the elutriation operation is performed 3 times, followed by filtration and 110 ° C. Was dried for 1 day to obtain an allophane or imogolite-containing composition. This sample was subjected to the following test.
[0021]
(2) Strength test The three-point bending strength of the obtained sample (test piece) is measured according to JIS A 5209 at a load speed at which the measurement is completed within 30 seconds under the condition of a distance between fulcrums of 20 mm. It was measured.
[0022]
(3) Measurement of carbonation rate About 1 g of the fracture surface of the test piece subjected to the strength test was scraped off with a cutter, about 100 ml of distilled water was added, and titrated with about 1 N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution using phenolphthalein as an indicator. Further, after titration with phenolphthalein as an indicator, titration was similarly performed with about 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid using methyl orange as an indicator. The carbonation rate (%) was calculated as 100 × B / (A + B), with the titration of aqueous hydrochloric acid using phenolphthalein as the indicator and Aml of aqueous hydrochloric acid using methyl orange as the indicator, and Bml.
[0023]
(4) Moisture absorption / release test The humidity control performance of the obtained sample was evaluated by performing a moisture absorption / release test. As a pretreatment, after five-side seal processing, moisture absorption was saturated under conditions of 25 ° C. and relative humidity of 50%. This pre-treated test piece was held for 24 hours at 25 ° C. and 90% relative humidity, then changed to 25 ° C. and 50% relative humidity and held for 24 hours, and the cycle was repeated twice. The value obtained by dividing the weight difference of the test piece between the end of the moisture absorption process of the second cycle and the end of the moisture release process by the moisture absorption / release area was taken as the moisture absorption / release amount.
[0024]
(5) Production of carbonated cured body The allophane or imogolite-containing composition and slaked lime were mixed so that the weight mixing ratio was 7: 3. Further, an appropriate amount of water was added to about 8 g of the mixture, mixed, put into a 35 mm × 35 mm mold, and press molded at a pressure of 400 kg / cm 2 . The obtained molded body was placed in a desiccator with water on the bottom and kept at about 50 ° C., and a carbonation reaction was carried out for 40 hours by ventilating almost 100% carbon dioxide gas at about 20 ml / min. went. The bending strength, carbonation rate, and moisture absorption / release amount of the cured product obtained by the carbonation reaction were measured. The results are shown in Table 1. Moreover, the change of the moisture absorption / release amount in a moisture absorption / release test is shown in FIG.
[0025]
Examples 2-12
In the same manner as in Example 1, the mixing ratio, mixing amount, and pressing pressure of the allophane or imogolite-containing composition and calcium hydroxide were changed, and the carbonation reaction temperature or reaction time conditions were changed. A carbonated cured product was obtained. Table 1 shows the mixing ratio, press pressure, carbonation reaction conditions, and physical properties of the cured product. Moreover, the change of the moisture absorption / release amount in the moisture absorption / release test of the humidity-control building material obtained in Example 4 is shown in FIG.
[0026]
[Table 1]
Comparative Examples 1-3
For commercially available humidity conditioning building materials, calcium silicate moisture conditioning building materials (Comparative Example 1), zeolite moisture conditioning building materials (Comparative Example 2), and allophane moisture conditioning building materials (Comparative Example 3), bending test, absorption The amount of moisture release was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0028]
[Table 2]
From the results of the above Examples and Comparative Examples, it was found that the humidity control building materials of the Examples had high bending strength and high moisture absorption / release amount. In addition, as other allophane or imogolite-containing compositions, similar results were obtained as a result of similar tests using Osawa soil, and minerals of volcanic pumice layers in various places called colloidal soil, water soil, and miso soil. It was.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, the present invention relates to a humidity control material using an allophane or imogolite-containing composition, a production method thereof, and a humidity control building material. According to the present invention, an allophane or imogolite-containing composition is carbonated. It is possible to provide an allophane or imogolite-based moisture conditioning material having a high strength and an excellent moisture absorption / release property, and a method for producing the same. The humidity control building material of the present invention has high strength and humidity control action, and has high strength and a large amount of moisture absorption and desorption compared to conventional humidity control building materials. Is possible, thereby making it possible to form a more comfortable living space.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is a graph showing a change in moisture absorption / release amount in a moisture absorption / release test according to Example 1. FIG.
2 is a graph showing a change in moisture absorption / release amount in a moisture absorption / release test according to Example 4. FIG.
Claims (5)
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