JP3929159B2 - Turret tool post equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a rotating turret device installed in a machine tool such as a lathe, and in particular, after swivel indexing in order to hold a tool selected by swivel indexing operation of the tool rest in an indexing position. The present invention relates to a turret tool post device provided with locking means for preventing the tool post from rotating.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a machine tool such as a lathe, in order to promote automation and speeding up of the machining operation, a large number of tools are carried in advance, and a desired tool is selected by turning indexing operation and positioned at the machining work position of the machine tool. Such a rotary turret structure, that is, a turret tool post device is well known. For example, a turret tool post device used in an automatic turning machine such as an NC lathe generally has a tool feed base installed on the machine stand facing the rotation spindle and a given coordinate axis on the tool feed base. And a support base that is movably installed, and a turret that is rotatably supported by the support base and carries a number of tools around the rotation axis at predetermined intervals.
[0003]
In this type of turret tool post device, it is necessary to firmly fix the turret on the support table while the workpiece is processed by the selected tool after the turret is swiveled and indexed. To that end, turret tool post devices generally include locking means for locking the turret at each of a plurality of index positions on the support base. Conventionally, this locking means includes a pair of engaging members provided on each of the turret and the support base and capable of relatively moving the engaging members between an engaging position and a disengaging position. And a dedrive mechanism. As the engaging member, a releasable coupling having a meshing clutch-like structure is generally used. In this case, the engagement / disengagement drive mechanism is configured to move the engagement member on the turret side in the axial direction with respect to the engagement member on the support base side.
[0004]
As a tool selection procedure, first, at the stage where the workpiece machining with one tool is completed, the support table is moved on the tool feed table together with the turret, and the tool is sent from the machining work position to the tool change position. Next, the engagement / disengagement drive mechanism drives the turret side engagement member to disengage from the support base side engagement member, and in that state, the turret is rotated by another rotational drive source to perform turning indexing, Select the desired tool. Next, the turret side engaging member is engaged with the support base side engaging member by driving the engagement / disengagement driving mechanism, and the selected tool is fixedly held at the index position. In this state, the support base is moved on the tool feed base together with the turret, and the selected tool is sent from the tool change position to the machining work position.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An automatic lathe such as an NC lathe includes a plurality of drive sources with different control targets, such as a rotation drive source for a spindle, each axis drive source for tool feeding, and an opening / closing drive source for a chuck. For these drive sources, servo motors are generally used particularly in parts (spindle, tool feed, etc.) that require a high-speed and high-accuracy response. Furthermore, in recent years, it has been advantageous in terms of environmental hygiene and operational reliability even for parts that conventionally used hydraulic or pneumatic actuators, such as the opening / closing drive source of the chuck and the turret rotation drive source of the turret tool post device described above. Servo motors tend to be used.
[0006]
However, in the above-described engagement / disengagement drive mechanism of the turret tool post device, the required operation is a simple operation that slightly moves one of the engaging members in the axial direction. Late, many still use hydraulic or pneumatic actuators. The hydraulic / pneumatic actuator generally has problems such as deterioration of the working environment due to noise and air pollution, increase in equipment cost, increase in size of the machine, and low response accuracy. In particular, when a hydraulic cylinder is used as the engagement / disengagement drive source, the operating speed easily changes due to a change in the temperature of the hydraulic oil. Not only is it difficult to stably control the operation, but the hydraulic cylinder itself becomes a considerable heat source, which may affect the operation of the surrounding mechanical components. Therefore, it is desired to electrically drive the engagement / disengagement drive mechanism of the turret tool post apparatus.
[0007]
On the other hand, the turret tool post device with motorized drive source is equipped with a servo motor as a turret rotation drive source on the support base, and it can carry not only fixed tools such as tools but also rotary tools such as drills. Servo motors for rotary tools will also be installed on the support base. In order to respond to the demand for electrification of the engagement / disengagement drive mechanism, when a servo motor as an engagement / disengagement drive source is further installed on the support base, the moving element along the given coordinate axis on the turning machine Not only does the weight of one support base part increase unnecessarily, causing a decrease in response accuracy, but also issues such as an increase in the overall size of the machine, an increase in manufacturing and operating costs.
[0008]
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to enable the engagement / disengagement drive mechanism for holding and releasing the turret fixedly at the index position on the support base without adding a new electric motor, To provide a turret tool post apparatus that can reduce noise and air pollution, improve response accuracy, reduce manufacturing and operating costs, and promote further downsizing and higher performance of mounted machine tools. It is in.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, the present invention according to claim 1, a support base that is movably mounted along a given axis on the machine tool, is rotatably supported on the support base, the number of double A turret with a head that carries the tool at a predetermined interval around the axis of rotation and a shaft that extends concentrically in the axial direction from the head, and the turret fixed to the support at the swivel index position on the support In the turret tool post device comprising a first holding motor and a first electric motor for driving a rotary tool carried on the turret, the locking means is fixed on the support base. A side engagement element, a movable side engagement element installed on the turret, an engagement position for engaging the movable side engagement element with the fixed side engagement element to prevent rotation of the turret, and fixed side engagement Between the disengagement position allowing the turret to rotate away from the element And a drive mechanism for moving the drive mechanism comprises a lever which is fixedly connected to the shaft portion of the turret in the axial direction, a second electric motor for moving relative to the support base of the turret is pivoted lever in the axial direction wherein the door, in conjunction with the axial movement of the turret by the drive of the second motor, the first motor a clutch means for connecting or leaving the operative to the turret, disengaged position the movable-side engaging element The first motor is operatively connected to the turret, and the first motor rotates to rotate the turret to perform turning indexing, and the clutch means is attached to the support base. A cylindrical clutch member fixed to the shaft portion of the turret and fixed to the shaft portion of the turret and mounted so as to be relatively movable in the axial direction, and fixed to the shaft portion of the turret in the axial direction. Class that is rotatably mounted And a switch gear, the clutch gear is connected to the first electric motor, and characterized by selectively engaging and disengaged by moving in the axial direction to the cylindrical clutch member by the driving force of the second electric motor A turret tool post device is provided.
[0011]
The present invention described in claim 2 is the turret tool post according to claim 1, the rotary tool is mounted on the outer peripheral surface of the head portion of the turret, the first electric motor, the shaft of the turret in the axial direction There is provided a turret tool post device for driving a rotary tool through a drive shaft that penetrates and a drive gear that is concentrically fixed to the drive shaft and accommodated in the head of the turret.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same or similar components are denoted by common reference numerals.
Referring to FIG. 1, a turret tool post device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown mounted on an automatic turning machine such as an NC lathe. The turret tool post device 10 is arranged to face the rotation spindle 12 of the automatic turning machine. The rotary spindle 12 is mounted and accommodated on a housing-like spindle base 14, holds a bar W to be turned, and is driven to rotate by a drive source (not shown). The turret tool post device 10 holds a number of tools necessary for processing the bar W in advance, selects a desired tool according to the processing position of the bar W by a turning indexing operation, and performs automatic turning. The machine is positioned at the machining work position at the tip of the rotary spindle 12 of the machine.
[0013]
The turret tool post apparatus 10 is installed so as to be movable along a given coordinate axis on the tool feed base 18 and a tool feed base 18 installed on the machine base 16 of the automatic turning machine so as to face the rotary spindle 12. And a turret 24 that is rotatably supported by the support base 20 and carries a number of tools 22 around the rotation axis at predetermined intervals. In the illustrated embodiment, the tool feed base 18 moves in the Z-axis direction substantially parallel to the central axis of the rotary spindle 12 by driving a Z-axis feed motor (not shown), and the support base 20 moves to the central axis of the rotary spindle 12. The X-axis feed motor (not shown) moves in a substantially orthogonal X-axis direction, and various tools 22 selected on the turret 24 turn the bar W into a desired shape under both-axis feed operations. It is supposed to be.
[0014]
2 and 3 show the structure of the turret 24 supported by the support base 20 in detail. The turret 24 includes a hollow head portion 26 having a cylindrical or prismatic outer shape, and a hollow cylindrical shaft portion 28 extending concentrically in the axial direction from one axial end surface of the head portion 26. The head 26 of the turret 24 is disposed to protrude outward from the front end surface (right end in the drawing) of the support base 20, and a plurality of tool mounting portions 30 for mounting the tool 22 are provided on the radially outer peripheral surface thereof. Provided for each indexing angle. As shown in the figure, these tool mounting portions 30 include a fixed tool mounting portion 30a for detachably mounting a fixed tool 22a such as a bite via a holder 32, and a rotary tool 22b such as a drill via a holder 34. And a rotary tool mounting portion 30b for mounting as possible. Furthermore, the rotary tool mounting portion 30b is formed at two positions spaced apart from each other in the axial direction at one indexing angle position.
[0015]
The rotary tool 22b is driven by a servo motor 40 generally installed at the rear end (left end in the figure) of the support base 20 via a drive shaft 36 and a drive gear 38 installed in the head portion 26 and the shaft portion 28. Is done. The drive shaft 36 passes through the shaft portion 28 of the turret 24 concentrically and is rotatably supported by the shaft portion 28 by a plurality of bearings. The drive shaft 36 is connected to the output shaft of the servo motor 40 through gears 42 and 44 at the rear end 36a. In the figure, the shaft of the gear 44 is shown to be separated from the drive shaft 36 in order to clearly show the gear train. However, both shafts are actually arranged closer to each other and fixed to the rear end 36a of the drive shaft 36. A gear 44 is directly meshed with the gear 42. The two drive gears 38 are concentrically fixed in the vicinity of the front end 36b of the drive shaft 36 corresponding to the position of the rotary tool mounting portion 30b provided on the head 26 of the turret 24. Each drive gear 38 has bevel-shaped teeth on the outer periphery and meshes operatively with a bevel gear 46 provided at the rear end of the rotary tool 22b mounted on the rotary tool mounting portion 30b.
[0016]
When the drive shaft 36 is rotated by the drive of the servo motor 40, the two drive gears 38 are simultaneously rotated, and the rotary tool 22b mounted on the desired rotary tool mounting portion 30b can be driven. Since the turret 24 has such a configuration, the rotary tool mounting portion 30b can be easily added to a desired indexing angle position and axial position of the head 26.
[0017]
The shaft portion 28 of the turret 24 is received in the turret receiving cavity 48 of the support base 20 so as to be rotatable and axially movable. The region from the approximate center of the shaft portion 28 to the front (right side in the figure) slides on the cylindrical inner wall surface 48a that defines the turret receiving cavity 48 of the support base 20 so as not to rattle in the radial direction. It is supported movably. A rear end (left end in the drawing) region of the shaft portion 28 is received in a center hole 52 of a cylindrical clutch member 50 described later, and receives a linear motion sleeve 54 described later that protrudes in the axial direction from the rear end of the shaft portion 28. To do.
[0018]
The turret tool post device 10 includes an annular fixed coupling element 56 fixed to the support base 20 and an annular movable coupling fixed to the turret 24 as locking means for preventing unnecessary rotation of the turret 24 after the turning index. And a drive mechanism (described later) for moving the annular movable coupling element 58 relative to the annular fixed coupling element 56 between an engagement position and a disengagement position. The annular fixed coupling element 56 has a meshing clutch-like structure, and is fixed in the vicinity of the axially forward opening end of the turret receiving cavity 48 of the support base 20. The annular movable coupling element 58 similarly has a meshing clutch-like structure, and is fixed in the vicinity of the connection portion between the head portion 26 and the shaft portion 28 of the turret 24.
[0019]
A large number of teeth 60 are provided radially at a predetermined pitch on the front end face (right end face in the figure) of the annular fixed coupling element 56, and teeth are provided on the rear end face (left end face in the figure) of the annular movable coupling element 58. A large number of teeth 62 that can mesh with 60 are provided radially at a predetermined pitch. The annular fixed coupling element 56 and the annular movable coupling element 58 are arranged with their teeth 60 and 62 facing each other in the axial direction so as to be able to engage and disengage from each other. When the annular movable coupling element 58 moves in the axial direction together with the turret 24 in a state where the turret 24 is not rotating, the coupling elements 56 and 58 are mutually engaged and disengaged. Yes.
[0020]
In the state shown in FIG. 2, the teeth 60 of the annular fixed coupling element 56 and the teeth 62 of the annular movable coupling element 58 are engaged with each other, and the rotation of the annular movable coupling element 58 with respect to the annular fixed coupling element 56 is performed. Therefore, the rotation operation of the turret 24 relative to the support base 20 is prevented. That is, in this state, the annular movable coupling element 58 is placed at the most rear end (left end in the drawing) engagement position within the axial movement range together with the turret 24.
[0021]
While the turret 24 and the annular movable coupling element 58 are in the above-described engagement positions, the tool W mounted on the head 26 of the turret 24 is used to process the bar W gripped on the rotary main shaft 12. During this time, the turret 24 is firmly and securely held on the support base 20 with the above-described mutual engagement mechanism with sufficient strength to resist the stress applied to the tool 22 during processing and maintain processing accuracy.
[0022]
When the turret 24 and the annular movable coupling element 58 are moved forward (rightward in the drawing) from the engagement position shown in the figure and placed in the disengaged position, the teeth 62 of the annular movable coupling element 58 are moved to the annular fixed coupling element 56. The tooth 60 is detached. As a result, the annular movable coupling element 58 can freely rotate with respect to the annular fixed coupling element 56, so that the turret 24 is not fixed to the support base 20, and the turret 24 is placed in a state where it can be pivotally indexed.
[0023]
In the turret tool post apparatus 10, the rotation drive source for turning indexing of the turret 24 is configured to use a servo motor 40 that is a drive source for a rotary tool. Therefore, it is necessary to operatively connect the turret 24 and the servomotor 40 when the turret 24 is turned and to disconnect the operative connection between the turret 24 and the servomotor 40 when the rotary tool 22b is driven. In the present embodiment, such switching of the driving target is performed by the action of the cylindrical clutch member 50 and the linear motion sleeve 54 described above.
[0024]
The cylindrical clutch member 50 is a hollow cylindrical member having a large number of clutch teeth 64 projecting radially on the rear end face (left end face in the figure), and is rotatable to the support base 20 via a bearing 66 and cannot be moved in the axial direction. Supported. The cylindrical clutch member 50 is connected to the outer peripheral surface of the rear end of the shaft portion 28 of the turret 24 by a key 68 so that it cannot rotate but can move in the axial direction. Therefore, when the turret 24 rotates, the cylindrical clutch member 50 rotates together with the turret 24, and when the turret 24 moves in the axial direction, the cylindrical clutch member 50 does not move, but only the turret 24 moves in the axial direction.
[0025]
The linear motion sleeve 54 is a hollow cylindrical member that can receive the drive shaft 36, and is supported by the shaft portion 28 of the turret 24 via the bearing 70 at the front end (right end in the figure) so as to be rotatable and non-movable in the axial direction. . The rear end (left end in the figure) of the linear motion sleeve 54 is installed at the rear end (left end in the figure) of the support base 20 via a lever 72 that is swingably attached to the support base 20 by a pivot 72a. It is connected to the output shaft device 75 of the servo motor 74. As clearly shown in FIG. 3, the output shaft device 75 includes a rotating nut 75b connected to the rotating shaft 74a of the servo motor 74 via a coupling structure 75a, and a female screw portion provided on the inner peripheral surface of the rotating nut 75b. And a linear motion shaft 75c having a male thread portion (not illustrated) that engages with the material (not illustrated) on the outer peripheral surface, and a tip 75d of the linear motion shaft 75c is swingably attached to one end of the lever 72. The In this way, the linear power converted from the rotational force of the servo motor 74 by the output shaft device 75 is further transmitted to the linear motion sleeve 54 via the lever 72, whereby the linear motion sleeve 54 is transmitted to the support base 20. It moves in the axial direction inside. Note that such a power transmission mechanism using a lever mechanism has an advantage that the structure is simple, there are few failures, and maintenance is easy.
[0026]
A clutch gear 76 is fixed to the central region of the linear motion sleeve 54. The clutch gear 76 is a hollow cylindrical member integrally having a gear portion at the rear end (left end in the figure), and is connected to the servo motor 40 via a gear train 78. Therefore, the linear motion sleeve 54 rotates in the turret receiving cavity 48 by the drive of the servo motor 40. Clutch teeth 80 that can mesh with the clutch teeth 64 of the cylindrical clutch member 50 project radially from the front end surface (right end surface in the drawing) of the clutch gear 76 at substantially the same pitch as the clutch teeth 64.
[0027]
When the turret 24, that is, the cylindrical clutch member 50 is not rotated and the linear motion sleeve 54 is not rotated, when the linear motion sleeve 54 moves in the axial direction by the drive of the servo motor 74, the clutch of the cylindrical clutch member 50 is moved. The teeth 64 and the clutch teeth 80 of the clutch gear 76 engage and disengage from each other. The servo motor 40 applies rotational force to the turret 24 via the gear train 78, the clutch gear 76 and the cylindrical clutch member 50 while the clutch gear 76 is engaged with the cylindrical clutch member 50. Therefore, in the turret tool post apparatus 10, the turret 24 performs the turning indexing operation by driving the servo motor 40, and selects the desired tool 22 mounted on the desired tool mounting unit 30.
[0028]
In the turret tool post device 10, when the linear motion sleeve 54 is moved in the axial direction by the drive of the servo motor 74, the turret 24 connected to the linear motion sleeve 54 through the bearing 70 so as not to be axially movable is And moves axially within the turret receiving cavity 48. That is, the drive mechanism that moves the annular movable coupling element 58 between the engagement position and the disengagement position includes the linear motion sleeve 54, the lever 72, and the servo motor 74. As described above, the axial movement of the linear motion sleeve 54 is caused by a coupling engagement / disengagement operation for holding the turret 24 fixedly with respect to the support base 20 and a clutch engagement for switching the drive target of the servo motor 40. Both the detachment operation is performed in conjunction with each other.
[0029]
Specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, while the annular movable coupling element 58 is placed with the turret 24 in the engagement position of the last end (left end in the figure) described above, the clutch teeth 64 of the cylindrical clutch member 50 and The clutch teeth 80 of the clutch gear 76 connected to the linear movement sleeve 54 are separated from each other (see FIGS. 2 and 3). When the turret 24 and the annular movable coupling element 58 are moved forward (rightward in the drawing) and placed in the disengaged position, the clutch teeth 64 of the cylindrical clutch member 50 and the clutch teeth 80 of the clutch gear 76 are mutually connected. The clutch gear 76 is operatively coupled to the turret 24.
[0030]
In this way, in the turret tool post apparatus 10, while the turret 24 is fixedly held with respect to the support base 20, the servo motor 40 is used only for driving the rotary tool 22 b which is the original function. After the fixing of 24 is released, the servo motor 40 is configured to rotate the turret 24 and perform the turning index. At this time, the dimensions and positions of the clutch teeth 64 and 80 are set so that the clutch gear 76 engages the cylindrical clutch member 50 at substantially the same time as the annular movable coupling element 58 is detached from the annular fixed coupling element 56. If the relationship is set, unnecessary free rotation of the turret 24 during the transition from the machining operation to the tool change operation is prevented, and the operator may be damaged by the tool 22, or the tool 22 and peripheral devices may be damaged. This is advantageous because fears are avoided.
[0031]
The gear train 78 for transmitting the driving force of the servo motor 40 to the clutch gear 76 includes a gear 44 that meshes with the gear 42 for transmitting the driving force to the rotary tool 22b. Therefore, the driving force of the servo motor 40 is simultaneously transmitted to both the rotary tool 22b and the clutch gear 76. Needless to say, the number of rotations and the direction of rotation of the servo motor 40 are appropriately changed between the machining operation for driving the rotary tool 22b and the turning index for rotating the turret 24.
[0032]
As described above, in the turret tool post device 10, the engagement / disengagement drive mechanism for holding the turret 24 at the index position on the support base 20 and releasing the fixation is moved in the axial direction. The servo motor 74 for engaging and disengaging the mutual engagement mechanism, the lever 72, and the linear motion sleeve 54, and in conjunction with the axial movement of the turret 24, the servo motor 40 for driving the rotary tool is indexed by turning the turret 24. A cylindrical clutch member 50 and a clutch gear 76 that can be used as a drive source are used. Therefore, conventionally, two servo motors were used for driving the rotary tool and for turning indexing of the turret 24, so that only one servo motor can be used. As a result, it is possible to engage and disengage without adding a new servo motor. Another servo motor can be used for the drive mechanism. In addition, in order to transmit the driving force of the servo motor 74 of the engagement / disengagement drive mechanism to the turret 24, a lever mechanism that has a simple structure and has few failures and easy maintenance is adopted. Therefore, the turret tool post apparatus 10 has effects such as reduction of noise and air pollution, improvement of response accuracy, reduction of manufacturing and operating costs, and further promotion of further downsizing and higher performance of the machine tool mounted. .
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, according to the turret tool post apparatus of the present invention, a new engagement / disengagement mechanism for holding and releasing the turret fixedly at the index position on the support base is provided. The driving force of the engagement / disengagement drive mechanism can be transmitted to the turret by a lever mechanism that can be electrically driven without adding an electric motor, and that has a simple structure and has few failures and easy maintenance. Therefore, according to the present invention, there are effects such as reduction of noise and air pollution, improvement of response accuracy, reduction of manufacturing and operation costs, and the like, and a turret capable of promoting further miniaturization and higher performance of the mounted machine tool. A tool post apparatus is provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an automatic turning machine equipped with a turret tool post device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a cross-sectional front view of the turret tool post device of FIG. 1; FIG.
3 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional front view of the turret tool post device of FIG. 2. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 18 ... Tool feed stand 20 ... Support stand 22b ... Rotary tool 24 ... Turret 28 ... Shaft part 36 ... Drive shaft 38 ... Drive gear 40, 74 ... Servo motor 50 ... Cylindrical clutch member 54 ... Linear motion sleeve 56 ... Annular fixed coupling Element 58 ... Annular movable coupling element 60, 62 ... Teeth 72 ... Lever 76 ... Clutch gear

Claims (2)

A support base which is installed movably along a given coordinate axis on the machine tool, is rotatably supported on said support base, head and said bearing at a predetermined interval multiple tool around the axis of rotation A turret having a shaft portion extending concentrically in the axial direction from the head; locking means for holding the turret fixedly with respect to the support table at a turning index position on the support table; and In a turret tool post apparatus comprising a first electric motor that is installed and drives a rotary tool carried on the turret,
The locking means engages the fixed-side engagement element, the fixed-side engagement element installed on the support base, the movable-side engagement element installed on the turret, and the movable-side engagement element. And a drive mechanism that moves between an engagement position that prevents rotation of the turret and a disengagement position that allows the rotation of the turret by separating from the fixed-side engagement element,
Wherein the drive mechanism comprises a lever which is fixedly connected axially to the shaft portion of the turret, by swinging the lever and a second electric motor for moving the turret with respect to the support base in the axial direction Including
Clutch means for operatively connecting or disconnecting the first electric motor to or from the turret in conjunction with the axial movement of the turret by driving the second electric motor, wherein the movable side engaging element is the when in the disengaged position, the first electric motor and operatively connected to said turret, said first electric motor comprises a clutch means to perform the turning indexing by rotating the turret,
The clutch means is fixed to the support base in the axial direction and rotatably supported, while being fixed to the shaft portion of the turret in the rotational direction and mounted so as to be capable of axial relative movement, A clutch gear fixed to the shaft portion of the turret in an axial direction and rotatably mounted. The clutch gear is connected to the first electric motor and driven by the driving force of the second electric motor. Moving in the axial direction to selectively engage and disengage the cylindrical clutch member ;
Turret tool post device characterized by this. The rotary tool is mounted on the outer peripheral surface of the head of the turret, and the first electric motor is fixed concentrically to the drive shaft and a drive shaft that penetrates the shaft portion of the turret in the axial direction. via the driving gear to be of accommodating the head portion, the turret device according to claim 1 drive the rotary tool.

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