JP3919633B2 - Treatment method and equipment for ballasts, low voltage transformers and capacitors contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for treating ballasts contaminated with organic halogen compounds, low-voltage transformers and capacitors, and more particularly to ballasts used as a power source for fluorescent lamps. Equipment contaminated with organic halogen compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), which is difficult to use oil removal means mainly applied to large capacitors, such as low-voltage transformers and capacitors used in home appliances and ballasts The present invention relates to a processing method and apparatus therefor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As is well known, polychlorinated biphenyl, a kind of organic halogen compound, is very stable and hardly decomposed and has high insulation (electrical resistance), so it has been used for insulation materials such as transformers and capacitors in the past. However, its use is now prohibited for environmental reasons.
[0003]
However, there are cases in which, for example, those that have been used in the past still remain as trace components in capacitors and the like, and how to decompose and process them is an important issue.
[0004]
In particular, ballasts used as power sources for fluorescent lamps are equipped with small capacitors and transformers, and polychlorinated biphenyls often remain in the capacitors, and the ballasts thus contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls. There is a strong demand for processing such devices.
In addition, polychlorinated biphenyls are impregnated in low voltage transformers and capacitors such as paper capacitors for household appliances such as microwave ovens, televisions, air conditioners, and washing machines. Biphenyl also needs to be treated.
Furthermore, in order to fix these capacitors and other parts, the gaps are filled with resin, etc., but polychlorinated biphenyls may leak and become contaminated in the filled parts. It is necessary to deal with contaminated equipment.
[0005]
Therefore, conventionally, a method of washing and treating polychlorinated biphenyl remaining in such a ballast has been adopted.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional method described above, the ballast is deoiled, disassembled, and disassembled, and the parts that have been disassembled and disassembled are cleaned, so that the entire operation of disassembly and cleaning takes time and is very complicated. It was a thing. As a result, there was a problem that the risk of spreading contamination and exposure increased.
In addition, even if such treatments as oil removal, decomposition, and demolition are performed, the form of the contaminants only changes, and it is difficult to become an essential treatment, and means for further complete decomposition of polychlorinated biphenyl is required. .
[0007]
In addition, the means such as oil removal, decomposition, and disassembly as described above can be applied to large equipment such as heavy electrical equipment, but is difficult to apply to small equipment.
In particular, since a ballast equipped with a small capacitor or the like is a small product of about 3 kg per piece, in order to perform such a complicated processing method as described above for such a processing object, The cost for the processing is far from commensurate.
[0008]
The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and does not require the troublesome work of disassembling and cleaning each part as in the prior art, and can significantly reduce the processing time. In addition, it is an object to reduce the cost for the processing.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve such problems, the present invention was made as a method and apparatus for treating devices contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls, such as ballasts, low-voltage transformers and capacitors. , it has been ballast contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls, and grinding broken equipment such as low-pressure transformers and condensers, the crushed equipment by heating in a reducing atmosphere and treated dehalogenation, then the reducing under the original atmosphere The polychlorinated biphenyl contained in the exhaust gas discharged by the heat treatment is extracted into cleaning oil, and then the polychlorinated biphenyl extracted in the cleaning oil is dehalogenated with an alkali metal. .
This eliminates time-consuming dismantling and sorting, and thus has an effect of enabling low-cost and short-time processing.
The feature of the processing apparatus has been ballast contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls, reducing the crushing device 1 for grinding broken equipment such as low-pressure transformers and condensers, the crushed been equipment broken in the crushing apparatus 1 Reduction heating device 4 that heats and treats in an atmosphere, oil scrubber 5 that supplies exhaust gas discharged from the reduction heating device 4 to extract polychlorinated biphenyl into cleaning oil, and cleaning the oil scrubber 5 And a dehalogenation device 6 for dehalogenating polychlorinated biphenyl extracted in oil with an alkali metal.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0012]
(Embodiment 1)
First, a treatment apparatus for a ballast contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyl, which is an example of an organic halogen compound, will be described as an embodiment.
[0013]
As shown in FIG. 1, the ballast processing apparatus of the present embodiment includes a crushing apparatus 1, a reduction heating apparatus 4, an oil scrubber 5, a dechlorination apparatus 6, and an activated carbon adsorption tower 7. .
[0014]
The crushing device 1 is for crushing a ballast contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyl as an example of an organic halogen compound. In this embodiment, for example, a biaxial crusher is used.
[0015]
The reduction heating device 4 performs a dechlorination process by reduction heating, and includes a cylindrical heating device body 8 as shown in FIG.
[0016]
The reduction heating device 4 has a passage for supplying air and nitrogen gas, and a rotary shaft 9 is rotatably attached in a substantially central longitudinal direction. A plurality of paddle blades 10 are attached to the rotating shaft 9.
[0017]
In addition, a storage portion 12 for storing a heat medium made of combustion gas fed by the blower 11 is formed on the outer peripheral portion of the heating device body 8. A heat exchanger 13 for cooling the exhaust gas from the reduction heating device 4 is provided at the rear stage of the heating device body 8.
[0018]
The oil scrubber 5 is for supplying exhaust gas from the reduction heating device 4 to extract and collect polychlorinated biphenyl and the like in the cleaning oil. Here, as the cleaning oil, for example, electrical insulating oil, heavy oil, light oil, normal paraffin hydrocarbon, hexane, decalin and the like are used.
[0019]
The dechlorination apparatus 6 is a cleaning oil supplied from the oil scrubber 5 by adding a sodium dispersant in which metal sodium fine particles are dispersed in an organic solvent such as insulating oil, heavy oil, light oil, or normal paraffin hydrocarbon. The polychlorinated biphenyl is decomposed and dechlorinated. The dechlorination apparatus 6 is further added with water, isopropyl alcohol, or the like, which is a reaction accelerator.
[0020]
A vacuum distillation tank 14 is provided between the dechlorination unit 6 and the oil scrubber 5 as shown in FIG. This vacuum distillation tank 14 is for removing water in the washing oil in advance by vacuum distillation before reacting polychlorinated biphenyl with metallic sodium.
[0021]
Further, a hydration tank 15 is provided on the rear stage side of the dechlorination apparatus 6 as shown in FIG. The hydration tank 15 is for hydrating the sodium dispersant that has not been consumed in the dechlorination apparatus 6.
[0022]
The activated carbon adsorption tower 7 is for passing the exhaust gas discharged from the oil scrubber 5.
[0023]
Next, an embodiment of a method for treating a ballast contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyl as an example of an organic halogen compound using the above processing apparatus will be described.
[0024]
First, a stabilizer to be processed is supplied to the crushing device 1 and crushed by the crushing device 1.
[0025]
Next, the crushed material of the stabilizer crushed by the crushing device 1 is supplied to the reduction heating device 4. In this reduction heating device 4, polychlorinated biphenyl is decomposed.
[0026]
More specifically, the crushed material of the ballast is supplied to the heating device main body 8 of the reduction heating device 4, and the heating device main body 8 is also supplied with nitrogen gas and heated in a reducing atmosphere. The heating temperature is 300 to 750 ° C.
[0027]
In the heating apparatus body 8, the rotating shaft 9 is rotated as shown in FIG. 2, whereby the crushed material is stirred by the plurality of paddle blades 10 attached to the rotating shaft 9. Thereby, a considerable amount of polychlorinated biphenyl remaining in the crushed material is decomposed.
[0028]
The exhaust gas from the heating device body 8 is supplied to the oil scrubber 5 as shown in FIG. 2, passes through the oil scrubber 5, and then is discharged through the activated carbon adsorption tower 7. The function of the oil scrubber 5 will be described later.
[0029]
When polychlorinated biphenyl is contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the reduction heating device 4, it is supplied to the next dechlorination device 6 and decomposed.
[0030]
More specifically, the polychlorinated biphenyl contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the reduction heating device 4 is first supplied to the oil scrubber 5 as shown in FIGS. Then, the polychlorinated biphenyl is extracted into the cleaning oil in the oil scrubber 5.
[0031]
Next, the cleaning oil in the oil scrubber 5 is supplied to the vacuum distillation tank 14 as shown in FIG. 3, but the water in the cleaning oil is distilled and removed in the vacuum distillation tank 14. This is to reduce the consumption of metallic sodium in the next process, and if the washing oil contains a large amount of water, the metallic sodium added later reacts with the water and consumes metallic sodium. Since it may become caustic soda and hinder the reaction between sodium metal and polychlorinated biphenyl, water is removed in advance by vacuum distillation.
[0032]
Next, the cleaning oil from which moisture has been removed in the vacuum distillation tank 14 is supplied to the dechlorination unit 6 as shown in FIG. 3, and polychlorinated biphenyl is decomposed by the metallic sodium added to the dechlorination unit 6. Is done.
[0033]
That is, a sodium dispersant in which metal sodium fine particles are dispersed in an insulating oil or the like is added to the dechlorination apparatus 6, and the metal sodium in the sodium dispersant reacts with the polychlorinated biphenyl in the cleaning oil to produce poly Biphenyl chloride is dechlorinated and decomposed.
[0034]
The reaction temperature for dechlorination is, for example, 90 to 190 ° C.
[0035]
Excess metal sodium not consumed in the dechlorination apparatus 6 is supplied to the hydration tank 15 as shown in FIG. In the hydration tank 15, water is supplied and unconsumed metallic sodium is hydrated.
[0036]
The cleaning oil (regenerated oil) separated in the hydration tank 15 is returned to the oil scrubber 5.
[0037]
As described above, in the present embodiment, the ballast is crushed by the crushing device 1, and the crushed material is supplied to the reduction heating device 4 as it is and the polychlorinated biphenyl is decomposed by heating. Since it is not necessary to disassemble the ballast for each part and then process it, such disassembly work can be omitted, so that the work is greatly simplified.
[0038]
Polychlorinated biphenyl that is not decomposed by the reduction heating device 4 is contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the reduction heating device 4, but is captured by the cleaning oil by the oil scrubber 5, supplied to the dechlorination device 6, and metal Since it is decomposed by sodium, the dechlorination treatment is more reliably performed.
[0039]
In any case, in this embodiment, the polychlorinated biphenyl in the stabilizer to be treated is completely decomposed without being discharged out of the system.
[0040]
(Embodiment 2)
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, a cleaning device 17 is provided at the subsequent stage of the crushing device 1, and this is different from the first embodiment in which the cleaning device 17 is not provided.
[0041]
It is the same as that of the first embodiment in that the reduction heating device 4, the oil scrubber 5, the dechlorination device 6, and the activated carbon adsorption tower 7 are provided.
[0042]
In this embodiment, the crushed material of the ballast crushed by the crushing device 1 is washed with a solvent by the washing device 17 before being supplied to the reduction heating device 4. Then, the solvent used for the cleaning is supplied to the dechlorination apparatus 6.
[0043]
As the solvent, paraffinic hydrocarbons having 9 to 13 carbon atoms, particularly normal paraffin are preferably used. Moreover, it is preferable to use the same cleaning oil as that used in the oil scrubber.
[0044]
In this case, since the solvent wash | cleans the crushed material of the stabilizer in which the polychlorinated biphenyl remained, the polychlorinated biphenyl is contained in the solvent.
[0045]
However, the polychlorinated biphenyl contained in the solvent is supplied to the dechlorination unit 6 and is dechlorinated and decomposed by sodium metal in the sodium dispersant added to the dechlorination unit 6. Become.
[0046]
On the other hand, the washed crushed material of the ballast is supplied to the reduction heating device 4 and the polychlorinated biphenyl adhering to the crushed material is decomposed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
[0047]
The point that polychlorinated biphenyl that is not decomposed by the reduction heating device 4 is treated by the dechlorination device 6 via the oil scrubber 5 is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
[0048]
In the present embodiment, the crushed material crushed by the crushing device 1 is once washed by the washing device 17, and polychlorinated biphenyl is contained in the solvent used for the washing, which is directly supplied to the dechlorination device 6 to obtain sodium metal. Therefore, the polychlorinated biphenyl separated from the crushed material can be treated.
[0049]
In addition, since a considerable amount of polychlorinated biphenyl can be previously removed from the ballast by washing, the amount of polychlorinated biphenyl to be subjected to reduction heat treatment can be reduced. Therefore, the reduction heating time can be shortened, and the energy cost for heating can be reduced.
[0050]
Further, since the crushed material crushed by the crushing apparatus 1 is subjected to reduction heat treatment as it is, it is the same as in the first embodiment in that it is not necessary to dispose the ballast after disassembling each part. In the second embodiment, the crushing device 1 and the cleaning device 17 are used separately. However, it is possible to use a crushing and cleaning device provided with both a crushing means and a cleaning means in one device. is there.
[0051]
(Other embodiments)
In the above embodiment, a biaxial crusher is used as the crushing device 1, but the type of the crushing device 1 is not limited to this.
[0052]
Further, the structure of the reduction heating device 4 is not limited to the structure having the cylindrical heating device body 8 as in the above embodiment and the rotating shaft 9 and the plurality of paddle blades 10.
[0053]
For example, it is possible to use a rotary kiln type in which an outer cylinder rotates.
[0054]
Furthermore, although the metal sodium used as what makes the decomposition | disassembly reaction of polychlorinated biphenyl in the metal sodium treatment facility 5 of the said embodiment has an advantage which is cheap and generally easily available, it is not limited to this, but metal potassium, metal It is also possible to use strontium, metallic lithium or an alloy thereof. That is, a dispersant in which an alkali metal is dispersed in a dispersion medium such as oil may be used.
In addition, the alkali metal is not limited to the above-described dispersant, and a lump can be used.
[0057]
The present invention is mainly intended for processing a ballast as in the above embodiment, but can also be applied to devices other than the ballast, such as a low-voltage transformer and a capacitor. .
[0061]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention is poly been ballast contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyl, since then crushed broken low pressure transformers and condensers, etc. equipment is for treatment by heating in a reducing atmosphere, crushed equipment Is reduced and heated, and polychlorinated biphenyl is decomposed by heating, eliminating the troublesome work of disassembling ballasts and other parts and washing them as before, greatly simplifying the processing process. In addition, the working time for processing can be remarkably shortened, and the cost can be greatly reduced.
[0062]
In particular, even when processing small objects such as ballasts contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls and low-voltage transformers and capacitors, they can be crushed and processed as they are without dismantling, so that they can be processed on objects as before. There will be no situation where the costs for the project are not met.
[0063]
In addition, when the crushed material is washed with a solvent before heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere, polychlorinated biphenyl can be removed from the ballast or the like in advance by washing, so that polychlorinated biphenyl to be reduced and heat treated is reduced. In addition, the reduction heating time can be shortened, and the polychlorinated biphenyl can be separately dehalogenated by adding polychlorinated biphenyl to the solvent used for washing, so the polychlorinated biphenyl separated from the crushed material can be easily treated. There is an effect that can be.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a treatment apparatus for a ballast contaminated with an organic halogen compound as one embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a reduction heating device and the like in the processing apparatus.
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a dechlorination apparatus and the like in the processing apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a processing apparatus according to another embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Crushing device 4 ... Reduction heating device 6 ... Dechlorination device

Claims (9)

By ballast contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls, and grinding broken equipment such as low-pressure transformers and condensers, the Crushing been equipment by heating in a reducing atmosphere and treated dehalogenation, then the reducing atmosphere Extracting polychlorinated biphenyl contained in the exhaust gas discharged by the heat treatment in the washing oil, and then dehalogenating the polychlorinated biphenyl extracted in the washing oil with an alkali metal. The processing method for equipment such as ballasts, low voltage transformers and capacitors contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyl. The ballast contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyl according to claim 1, wherein the washing oil is distilled under reduced pressure in advance before dehalogenating the polychlorinated biphenyl in the washing oil with an alkali metal. , Processing methods for equipment such as low-voltage transformers and capacitors. The method for treating equipment such as a ballast, a low-pressure transformer, and a capacitor contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyl according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the dehalogenation treatment by heating in a reducing atmosphere is performed at a temperature of 300 to 750 ° C. Hydrating the alkali metal in the cleaning oil that has not been consumed in the dehalogenation treatment step with the alkali metal , separating the water used for the hydration from the cleaning oil, and removing the separated cleaning oil in a reducing atmosphere 4. Ballasts contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls, low voltage transformers, condensers, etc., which are reused for extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls in exhaust gas discharged by heat treatment under Processing method. The shredding has been equipment, and washed with a solvent prior to heating in a reducing atmosphere, the solvent used for washing according to any one of claims 1 to 4 supplied to dehalogenation treatment step with an alkali metal Disposal of equipment contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls, such as ballasts, low-voltage transformers and capacitors. By ballast contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls, crushing device you grinding broken equipment such as low-pressure transformers and condensers (1), heating the crushed been equipment broken by the crushing device (1) in a reducing atmosphere A reduction heating device (4) to be treated, an oil scrubber (5) for supplying exhaust gas discharged from the reduction heating device (4) to extract polychlorinated biphenyl into cleaning oil, and the oil scrubber (5 A ballast contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyl, a low-pressure transformer, and a dehalogenation device (6) for dehalogenating the polychlorinated biphenyl extracted into the washing oil in・ Processing equipment for equipment such as capacitors. The ballast contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyl according to claim 6, further comprising a vacuum distillation tank (14) for performing vacuum distillation of the cleaning oil in the oil scrubber (5) to remove water in the cleaning oil. Processing equipment for equipment such as low-voltage transformers and capacitors. There is further provided a hydration tank (15) for hydrating the alkali metal in the washing oil that has not been consumed in the dehalogenation device (6), and the oil-water separation between the water used for hydration and the washing oil is the water. A ballast contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyl, a low-pressure transformer and condenser, wherein the washing oil separated in the Japanese tank (15) and separated is sent back to the oil scrubber (5). Equipment processing equipment. The shredding has been equipment, cleaning device for cleaning with a solvent (17) is further provided prior to heating in a reducing atmosphere, the solvent used in the cleaning device (17) is supplied to the dehalogenation system 9. A processing apparatus for equipment such as a ballast, a low-voltage transformer and a condenser contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyl according to any one of claims 6 to 8 , which is configured as described above.

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