JP2003205281A - Continuous detoxifying treatment of waste containing organic chlorine compound, recycling method thereof and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide continuous detoxifying treatment of waste containing organic chlorine compounds, a recycling method which treats the waste containing a variety of components such as plastics, the organic chlorine compounds and metal, detoxifies the chlorine compounds and effectively recovers an industrially useful component, and apparatus therefor. <P>SOLUTION: The waste containing the organic chlorine compound successively and continuously is decomposited by heating in a plurality of heating zones which are divided in accordance with the respective components under a reductive atmosphere of nitrogen, and thereby is separated into the organic chloride compounds gas and liquid. Then, chlorine in the organic substance is separated as a single component and the carbon components are recovered. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention separates chlorine from an organochlorine compound in waste by heat decomposition treatment to detoxify the same and at the same time carbonizes an organic matter containing a carbon component to continuously produce an industrial carbon material. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing the same, and separating and separating other heat decomposition products for reuse as resources.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Organochlorine compounds (mainly chemicals such as DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, chlordine, heptachlor, and PCB) are conventionally mixed in general waste or industrial waste. Until now, it was incinerated and landfilled. However, harmful substances (persistent organic pollutants) that are likely to accumulate in the living body have become a worldwide regulation trend, and in May 2001, 12 persistent organic pollutants such as PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) and dioxins were released. The Stockholm Convention, which regulates the use, production, and emission, was adopted, and its use, production, and emission were also regulated in Japan.Currently, as a detoxification measure, chemical treatment with chemicals These organochlorine compounds (mainly pesticides) There is an urgent need to establish a technology for safely detoxifying waste. For example, DDT, aldrin, and other organochlorine pesticides whose sales were discontinued around 1970 were found in a survey by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, but 174 locations in 31 prefectures, totaling about 3,680 tons, are buried in the ground. The detoxification treatment measure of is an urgent issue.

Industrial waste parts and general waste usually contain various composition components such as metals and sulfur such as waste tires in addition to the above-mentioned organic compounds and the like, which is complicated for effective treatment thereof. Pretreatment is required. Further, when these are incinerated collectively, there is a possibility that a large amount of harmful gases such as dioxins, nitric oxide, and sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide whose emission is regulated to prevent global warming are generated. Further, the metal component contained in the incinerated ash as a metal oxide is of low quality and requires a large cost for refining so as to be reused as a metal resource.

According to the present invention, such wastes containing various components are continuously processed in a batch without any special separation treatment, and no harmful gas or carbon dioxide is generated. Low-molecular-weight products derived from raw material components, carbides as industrial materials, and metal components that are easy to utilize as metal resources can be easily and effectively separated and recovered, and a method for detoxifying waste and a method for producing a carbon material, and An object is to provide a device.

[0005]

The object of the present invention is to continuously decompose and decompose waste containing an organic chlorine compound in a nitrogen atmosphere to remove chlorine components and recover useful components for reuse. In the method described above, the heating is carried out successively in a plurality of heating regions having different temperatures, and the constituent components in the waste are sequentially decomposed by heating in the heating regions corresponding to the respective wastes to be separated and recovered. It is solved by the detoxification treatment method and the recycling method.

In the method of the present invention, the waste containing the organochlorine compound is continuously heated and decomposed in a nitrogen atmosphere to remove chlorine components and recover useful components for reuse. A supply unit for supplying pre-processed waste to the waste by the device, a heating unit in which a plurality of heating chambers having different temperatures are isolated from each other and arranged continuously, and a plurality of heating chambers in the heating unit. In each of the heating chambers for transporting the object to be heated, a separation unit that separates and separates the separated and recovered components, and each for cooling the components separated from the object to be processed. A detoxification process and a resource recycling device for waste, which includes a cooling unit including a heat exchanger provided in the separation unit and a control unit that optimally and continuously controls the heating process in each heating chamber. You can

[0007]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present invention, the wastes to be treated are continuously and collectively fed into a plurality of continuous heating chambers having different heating temperatures which are divided from each other. Whenever it passes through, the components corresponding to its thermal decomposition temperature in the composition of the waste are sequentially decomposed, for example, the chlorine component of the organochlorine compound is taken out as Cl ₂ (recovered as HCl), and the polymer compound is heated by the corresponding heating. It is separated as a low molecular weight compound at each decomposition temperature, and the carbon component is recovered as a carbide. In this case, harmful gases such as chlorine and sulfur are recovered by thermal decomposition in an oxygen-free state at a relatively low temperature, so no CO ₂ is generated and no harmful gases are generated. Since it is carried out, the efficiency of the carbide is improved, and even if the waste contains a metal component, the metal material is recovered in a form that can be easily reused.

As described above, the apparatus of the present invention comprises a plurality of a feed section as a raw material, a heating decomposition section and a separation and recovery section for decomposition products, a cooling section including a heat exchanger for recovery, and a thermal decomposition section. And a control section for controlling the operation of each of these sections.

According to the form of waste as a raw material to be treated in the supply section, in order to make them easily compatible with the treatment in this apparatus, a cloth which is a fibrous solid carrier in the liquid form is used. Or impregnate paper with it, or if it is a solid material with a relatively large shape, it is subjected to pretreatment such as crushing and crushing. The supply unit may be provided with equipment such as fixed quantity supply and regular supply.

The heating parts have different heating temperatures from each other.
It comprises a plurality of heating chambers in the range of 0 ° C to 900 ° C. These heating chambers are, for example, a 130 ° C to 150 ° C preheating chamber for preliminarily evaporating water from the supplied waste, and decomposition from organic chlorine compounds. Generates chlorine gas, etc. by 3
A heating chamber of 00 ° C to 350 ° C and 400 ° C to 900 ° C, preferably 40, which decomposes and carbonizes the polymer compound.
It consists of a heating chamber (carbonization chamber) at 0 ° C to 450 ° C. The heating chamber is provided in an arbitrary number depending on the type of low molecular weight compound or the like produced by decomposition and separation.

The transfer device is provided independently for each chamber in order to transfer the processed products to the respective heating chambers that are isolated and sealed from each other, and is configured to transfer the wastes collectively and continuously. ing.

Each heating chamber is provided with a separation and cooling section for separating and taking out products decomposed and produced at respective heating temperatures, for example, by cooling generated chlorine gas, liquid low molecular weight compounds and carbides. Each is separated and collected. For cooling, for example, a heat exchanger is used, and the refrigerant heated by the heat exchange may be used as a heat source of a low temperature preheating chamber or a steam generating source for power generation for a large processing apparatus. .

The control unit controls the amount of nitrogen gas replenished in each heating chamber, the temperature, the heating time, the pressure, the raw material transportation time, and the like. The control unit is provided as a computer management system for smoothly performing the detoxification process and the production of the carbon material in the nitrogen atmosphere according to the content of the waste to be sent and the purpose of the process, without delay.

For example, when the waste to be treated contains an organochlorine compound that requires detoxification treatment, the waste is preliminarily stored in the preheating chamber of the supply unit in order to improve the efficiency in the heating chamber. It is heated to 150 ° C. to evaporate water and then introduced into the first heating chamber of the heating section. The object to be treated is heated to 350 ° C. in the heating chamber and decomposed to generate a chlorine component as chlorine gas. This chlorine gas is treated in an aqueous solution to turn into hydrochloric acid for final disposal. Further, in this chamber, compounds that decompose at the heating temperature are produced as a liquid substance, and are recovered as a raw material of fuel oil or subjected to final disposal depending on their properties. This treatment step is performed in an oxygen-free atmosphere, and chlorine is separated and recovered, so that no harmful substance, dioxin, is generated.

In the case of a waste tire containing a metal compound or a sulfur compound in addition to a rubber-type polymer compound, the waste is crushed / shredded into a predetermined shape in the supply unit and introduced into the heating unit. . In the former heating chamber, sulfur and the like in the composition of the waste tire are gasified and removed by the same thermal decomposition as described above, and the polymer compound having a relatively low decomposition temperature is reduced in molecular weight and separately collected. In either case, the treated product is sent to the next heating chamber (carbonization chamber) where about 45
When heated to a temperature of 0 ° C., carbon compounds and carbon rings of the compound collapse, and carbides are produced.

Since the carbonization process here is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere in which oxygen is not present, C due to the decomposed carbon component.
No O ₂ is generated. Carbide is generated even at 400 ° C. or lower, but the quality of the obtained carbide as a carbon material deteriorates. At a temperature of 450 ° C. or higher, the carbon content increases, but the energy cost of the treatment significantly increases and the yield also decreases. Therefore, the carbonization temperature is appropriately selected from the temperature range of 400 to 900 ° C in consideration of the purpose of use of the obtained carbide.

Liquid substances whose molecular weight is reduced at this processing temperature are also produced in this carbonization chamber, and these are cooled and recovered in the cooling section. During cooling, a heat exchanger is used, and the refrigerant having a high temperature due to cooling is used as a heat source for the preheating chamber or the heating chamber on the upstream side having a relatively low temperature. The heating chamber and the carbonization chamber may be provided in any desired number of stages in order to further subdivide the temperature in order to improve the property of waste and the efficiency of separation and recovery. Further, the set temperature of each heating chamber is appropriately set according to other cases than those exemplified above.

When the waste is the tire waste material, the carbide contains metal wires such as tire cords.
The carbide obtained from the carbonization chamber is cooled to a temperature at which it does not burn in air, crushed if necessary, and then separated into a metal and a carbon raw material by a magnetic separator. Since the obtained metal is heated in a nitrogen-reducing atmosphere, the metal is not oxidized and high-quality metal that is easy to use as a resource can be obtained. Moreover, since the device itself is not oxidized, the service life is extremely long.

As described above, according to the present invention, residual organic pollutants can be treated safely and in a large amount, and the contained organic materials can be reused as industrial carbon materials.
(Recycling) is possible. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention contributes to the construction of a resource recycling society, and is extremely useful for preventing environmental damage and preserving it.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) C10B 41/00 C10B 53/00 B 53/00 C10G 1/10 F23G 5/027 Z C10G 1/10 B09B 3 / 00 ZAB // F23G 5/027 303H ZF term (reference) 3K061 AA24 AB02 AC01 BA01 FA07 4D004 AA11 AA46 AB06 AB07 BA05 BA06 CA04 CA09 CA22 CA24 CA26 CA32 CC01 DA03 DA06 DA09 4H006 AA05 AC13 4H012 HA03 HA04 HB03 H04 HB03 H01B01 HA01 H01H01B01 CA12 CA15

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A method for continuously decomposing a waste containing an organochlorine compound under a nitrogen atmosphere by thermal decomposition to remove chlorine components and recover useful components for reuse, wherein the heating is performed at temperatures different from each other. A method of detoxifying and recycling a waste, which is carried out successively in a plurality of different heating areas, and each component in the waste is sequentially decomposed by heating in a heating area having a corresponding temperature and separated and recovered. 2. A device for continuously decomposing a waste containing an organochlorine compound in a nitrogen atmosphere by thermal decomposition to remove chlorine components and recover useful components for reuse, the device being a waste product. A supply unit that performs pre-treatment and supplies, a heating unit in which a plurality of heating chambers having different temperatures are separated from each other and continuously arranged, and an object to be heated is placed in the plurality of heating chambers of the heating unit. A transport device provided for each heating chamber for transporting each, a separation unit for separating and separating the separated and recovered components, and a separation unit for cooling the components separated from the object to be treated. A detoxifying process and a recycling device for waste, which includes a cooling unit including a heat exchanger, and a control unit that optimally and continuously controls the heating process in each heating chamber. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the supply unit includes a pretreatment unit for impregnating and supplying a liquid raw material into a fibrous solid carrier. 4. The pretreatment device for crushing / dividing the solid waste into an appropriate treatment shape in the supply unit.
The described device. 5. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the heating unit includes a preheating chamber for heating and evaporating the moisture in the raw material to a temperature of 130 to 150 ° C. prior to the thermal decomposition treatment. 6. The heating section thermally decomposes various organic compounds at temperatures corresponding to each of them to reduce the molecular weight thereof and recover the organic compounds.
The apparatus of claim 2 including a plurality of heating chambers at 00-900 ° C. 7. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the heating unit includes a heating chamber at 300 to 350 ° C. for thermally decomposing an organic chlorine compound and recovering it as chlorine gas. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the cooling unit has a cooling separation unit that cools chlorine gas and recovers it as a hydrochloric acid liquid. 9. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the heating section has a heating chamber at 400 ° C. or higher for converting a carbon component in the raw material into a carbide. 10. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the separation unit has a sorting device for separating the carbon component and the metal component in the raw material obtained by the treatment from each other. 11. The heat exchanger according to claim 2, wherein a heat exchanger is provided between a delivery side of the product from the heating chamber on the higher temperature side of the heating section and a delivery side of the processed product to the heating chamber on the lower temperature side. apparatus.