JP3910585B2 - 容器中の水素量を判定する方法及び装置 - Google Patents
容器中の水素量を判定する方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 191
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 190
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 190
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 55
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 118
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000896 Manganin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEZHBSJTXKKFMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nickel Chemical compound [Ca].[Ni] JEZHBSJTXKKFMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNIPDXPTJYIMKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron tin Chemical compound [Fe].[Sn] NNIPDXPTJYIMKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOARWPHSJVUWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[La] DOARWPHSJVUWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATTFYOXEMHAYAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nickel Chemical compound [Mg].[Ni] ATTFYOXEMHAYAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013028 medium composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
- F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N7/00—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour
- G01N7/02—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour by absorption, adsorption, or combustion of components and measurement of the change in pressure or volume of the remainder
- G01N7/04—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour by absorption, adsorption, or combustion of components and measurement of the change in pressure or volume of the remainder by absorption or adsorption alone
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Description
2で示される曲線の安定領域で実施するように典型的には設計されている。この放出工程は、ほぼ等温線であり得、又は、放出比率と貯蔵容器に取り付けられた燃料電池の動作圧力に応じた温度変化に関係し得る。ほぼ等温線の工程は、貯蔵した水素気体が、水素気体圧力の減少、好適には基本的に同温における安定圧力より低い値への圧力の減少によって、貯蔵媒体から放出されるという、効率的な方法である。温度は、収着中に放熱し、脱着中に加熱することによってほぼ一定に保たれる。温度振幅型のシステムはさほど好まれない方法である。この方法は、水素が低温において吸着され、高温において脱着される。しかし、この方法は、より高い加熱と冷却とを必要とする。3番目の形態の方法は、修正等温線であり、適度な温度振幅が、用いられることにより、比較的高圧で水素が脱着し得る。
rements Group Inc. of Raleigh,NC)によって製造される本発明のために適切な抵抗温度センサのモデルの一部は、ETG−50A 50 ohms、特定の目的には、ETG−50B 50 ohms、特定の目的には、WTG−50A 50 ohms、特定の目的には、WTG−50B 50 ohms、特定の目的には、WWT−TG−W200B−050 50 ohmsである。温度プローブは、推定要素640に接続されることにより、要求に応じて測定温度を提供する。
される本発明の精神と範囲から離れることなく当業者によって行われ得る。
Claims (12)
- 既知量の水素貯蔵媒体を収容している水素貯蔵容器内の水素量を判定する方法であって、
前記水素貯蔵容器上の1つ以上の地点で温度を測定し、前記水素貯蔵容器内の平均温度を計算する工程と、
前記水素貯蔵容器上の1つ以上の地点で機械的な歪みを測定し、測定した前記歪みに基づいて前記水素貯蔵容器内部の圧力を計算する工程と、
前記計算した平均温度に基づき、圧力、組成、温度(PCT)曲線の群から前記水素貯蔵媒体に対するPCT動作曲線を選択する工程と、
前記選択したPCT動作曲線上で前記水素貯蔵容器内部の前記計算した圧力における動作点を選択する工程と、
前記選択した動作点に対応する前記選択したPCT動作曲線の水素と金属との比率の値を判定する工程と、
前記照合した水素と金属との比率に、水素貯蔵媒体の前記量を乗算することによって、前記水素貯蔵容器内の水素量を計算する工程とからなる水素貯蔵容器内の水素量を判定する方法。 - 前記使用されるPCT曲線は、前記水素貯蔵媒体の吸蔵特性に関する吸着曲線である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記使用されるPCT曲線は、前記水素貯蔵媒体の放出特性に関する脱着曲線である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記水素貯蔵媒体は、金属水素化物、化学水素化物、有機水素化物、及び単一壁の炭素ナノチューブからなる群から選択される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 水素貯蔵容器が水素を放出している間に、既知量の水素貯蔵媒体を収容する水素貯蔵容器内の水素量を判定する方法であって、
前記水素貯蔵容器上の1つ以上の地点で温度を測定し、前記水素貯蔵容器内の平均温度
を計算する工程と、
前記水素貯蔵容器上の1つ以上の地点で機械的な歪みを測定し、測定した前記歪みに基づいて前記水素貯蔵容器内部の圧力を計算する工程と、
前記計算した平均温度に基づき、圧力、組成、温度(PCT)曲線の群から前記水素貯蔵媒体に対するPCT動作曲線を選択する工程と、
前記選択したPCT動作曲線上で前記水素貯蔵容器内部の前記計算した圧力における動作点を選択する工程と、
前記選択した動作点に対応する前記選択したPCT動作曲線の水素と金属との比率の値を判定する工程と、
前記照合した水素と金属との比率に、水素貯蔵媒体の前記量を乗算することによって、前記水素貯蔵容器内の水素量を計算する工程とからなる水素貯蔵容器内の水素量を判定する方法。 - 前記使用されるPCT曲線は、前記水素貯蔵媒体の放出特性に関する脱着曲線である請求項5に記載の方法。
- 既知の初期状態において既知量の水素貯蔵媒体を収容している水素貯蔵容器内の水素量の変化を判定する方法であって、
水素貯蔵容器内の水素量と、初期状態における水素貯蔵媒体の温度と、初期状態における水素貯蔵容器内側の圧力とを含む初期状態パラメータを格納する工程と、
前記水素貯蔵容器上の1つ以上の地点で温度を測定し、前記水素貯蔵容器内の平均温度を計算する工程と、
前記水素貯蔵容器上の1つ以上の地点で機械的な歪みを測定し、前記測定した歪みに基づいて前記水素貯蔵容器内部の圧力を計算する工程と、
前記水素貯蔵媒体に対する照合表を参照することによってファントホッフパラメータを選択する工程と、
ファントホッフの関係式の微分形式
を使用して水素量の変化を計算する工程と、
前記格納した初期状態を、前記計算した平均温度と、前記計算した圧力と、前記計算した水素量の変化とを使用して、更新する工程とからなる水素量の変化を判定する方法。 - 前記水素貯蔵媒体は、金属水素化物、化学水素化物、有機水素化物、及び単一壁の炭素ナノチューブからなる群から選択される請求項7に記載の方法。
- 既知量の水素貯蔵媒体を収容している水素貯蔵容器内の水素量を判定するシステムであって、
前記水素貯蔵容器内側の圧力を測定する手段と、
水素貯蔵容器上の1つ以上の地点の温度を測定し、測定した温度の平均を計算する手段
と、
前記水素貯蔵容器内の水素量を推定するための計算手段とからなり、
前記計算手段は、
前記計算した平均温度に基づき、圧力、組成、温度(PCT)曲線の群から水素貯蔵媒体に対するPCT動作曲線を選択し、
前記選択したPCT動作曲線上で前記水素貯蔵容器内側の測定した圧力における動作点を選択し、
前記選択した動作点に対応する前記選択したPCT動作曲線の水素と金属の比率の値を判定し、および
前記照合した水素と金属の比率の値に、前記水素貯蔵媒体の量を乗算することによって前記水素貯蔵容器内の水素量を計算する、水素貯蔵容器内の水素量を判定するシステム。 - 前記水素貯蔵媒体は、金属水素化物、化学水素化物、有機水素化物、及び単一壁の炭素ナノチューブからなる群から選択される請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 前記温度測定手段は、熱伝対、サーミスタ、レジスタ、赤外線センサ及びダイオードからなる群から選択される請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 前記圧力測定手段は、歪みゲージ、ナノメータ及び圧力ゲージからなる群から選択される請求項9に記載のシステム。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/928,607 US6584825B2 (en) | 2001-08-13 | 2001-08-13 | Method and apparatus for determining the amount of hydrogen in a vessel |
PCT/US2002/019857 WO2003016892A1 (en) | 2001-08-13 | 2002-06-25 | Method and apparatus for determining the amount of hydrogen in a vessel |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2005500534A JP2005500534A (ja) | 2005-01-06 |
JP3910585B2 true JP3910585B2 (ja) | 2007-04-25 |
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JP2003521348A Expired - Fee Related JP3910585B2 (ja) | 2001-08-13 | 2002-06-25 | 容器中の水素量を判定する方法及び装置 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6584825B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1425572A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3910585B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1242257C (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2293967C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003016892A1 (ja) |
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JP2020197248A (ja) * | 2019-06-04 | 2020-12-10 | 清水建設株式会社 | 水素貯蔵状態推定装置、水素貯蔵状態推定プログラム及び水素貯蔵状態推定方法 |
CN110797556A (zh) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-02-14 | 大唐水电科学技术研究院有限公司 | 一种储氢容器中可用残存储氢量的量测方法 |
CN112697639B (zh) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-09-28 | 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 | 组分浓度估计装置、阳极组分的估计方法和燃料电池系统 |
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JPS5853862B2 (ja) * | 1978-02-20 | 1983-12-01 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 可燃性ガス検知素子 |
US4553424A (en) * | 1982-03-23 | 1985-11-19 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for detecting an oxygen concentration and a method for controlling an air-to-fuel ratio based on the detected oxygen concentration |
GB8318009D0 (en) * | 1983-07-02 | 1983-08-03 | Lucas Ind Plc | Hydrogen storage |
JPS63125898A (ja) * | 1986-11-17 | 1988-05-30 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | 水素貯蔵装置および水素貯蔵装置内の貯蔵水素量を検出する方法 |
US5332547A (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1994-07-26 | Prolong Systems, Inc. | Controlled atmosphere storage container |
US5279795A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1994-01-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Extended range chemical sensing apparatus |
US5678410A (en) * | 1993-08-06 | 1997-10-21 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Combined system of fuel cell and air-conditioning apparatus |
DE59500062D1 (de) * | 1994-05-26 | 1997-01-23 | Conducta Endress & Hauser | Kohlenmonoxid-Gassensor |
US5496733A (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 1996-03-05 | Spandau; Daniel J. | Discharge monitoring system |
EP0813264A3 (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 2004-02-25 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system, fuel feed system for fuel cell and portable electric appliance |
US5714678A (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-02-03 | American Air Liquide Inc. | Method for rapidly determining an impurity level in a gas source or a gas distribution system |
US6006582A (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 1999-12-28 | Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. | Hydrogen sensor utilizing rare earth metal thin film detection element |
JP2000097931A (ja) * | 1998-09-25 | 2000-04-07 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | 水素吸蔵タンクの水素吸蔵量検出方法およびその装置 |
US6450007B1 (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2002-09-17 | Honeywell International Inc. | Robust single-chip hydrogen sensor |
US6474138B1 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2002-11-05 | Honeywell International Inc. | Adsorption based carbon monoxide sensor and method |
US6484563B1 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2002-11-26 | Sensistor Technologies Ab | Method at detection of presence of hydrogen gas and measurement of content of hydrogen gas |
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2002
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- 2002-06-25 EP EP02744552A patent/EP1425572A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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CN1242257C (zh) | 2006-02-15 |
US20030029224A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 |
EP1425572A1 (en) | 2004-06-09 |
CN1541332A (zh) | 2004-10-27 |
EP1425572A4 (en) | 2009-07-01 |
RU2293967C2 (ru) | 2007-02-20 |
JP2005500534A (ja) | 2005-01-06 |
WO2003016892A1 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
US6584825B2 (en) | 2003-07-01 |
RU2004107507A (ru) | 2005-03-20 |
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