JP3907987B2

JP3907987B2 - Permanent magnet generator / motor with magnetic flux controller

Info

Publication number: JP3907987B2
Application number: JP2001286103A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 英男河村
Original assignee: 英男河村
Priority date: 2001-09-20
Filing date: 2001-09-20
Publication date: 2007-04-18
Anticipated expiration: 2021-09-20
Also published as: JP2003092899A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は，回転軸に取り付けられた永久磁石から成るロータと該ロータの外周に配置されたステータとから成る磁束制御装置を備えた永久磁石式発電・電動機に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
近年，永久磁石をロータとした発電・電動機は，高い発電効率又は電動効率が得られることと，簡単な構造で構成できるということから，最近，工業用機器に多く使用されるようになった。発電・電動機については，コンパクト化したり，高性能化，高出力化する技術の開発が盛んになり，それに伴って構成部品の多様化が必要となっている。
【０００３】
ところで，永久磁石式発電・電動機では，永久磁石の磁力が変化しないので，発電電圧を変更したり，電動機のトルクを抑制することが困難である。発電機では，回転数が増加するのに伴って発電電圧が比例的に増加する。その理由は，発電機の電圧は，周波数，磁束及び巻線数の積によって決まるため，ロータの回転数が変動関数であり，その他は定数であるため，回転数の増加と共に，電圧が上昇することになる。これを式で示すと次の通りである。
Ｕ＝４．４４×ｆ×φ×Ｗ×ＫＷ₁
但し，ｆ：周波数，φ：磁束力，Ｗ：巻線数，ＫＷ₁：巻線係数
上記の式に示したように，永久磁石式発電・電動機では，発電機運転する時に，電圧を一定に保つためには，単独ではできず，発電した電力の電流を分断する複雑なスイッチングレギュレータ等の装置が必要になる。また，永久磁石式発電・電動機を電動機運転する時には，回転数の上昇と共に逆起電力が作用し，この電力に逆らって投入する電力の電圧が高くなるので，発電・電動機の特性を失わせることになる。
【０００４】
従来，特開平７−２３６２６０号公報に開示された高出力交流発電・電動機は，回転速度に応じて磁束密度を制御して発電量を適正に制御するものであり，ロータとステータとの間に制御リングを相対回転可能に配置し，制御リングに接離可能な透磁性体を設けたものである。
【０００５】
永久磁石式発電・電動機において，磁束制御装置は，永久磁石からステータへ流れる磁束を制御するために，ステータコアの内側に櫛材と同数の歯を持った磁束制御装置を配置し，該磁束制御装置を周方向に動かすことによって磁路抵抗を増し，磁力を弱める動きをさせるものである。磁束制御装置は，特に，２つの役割を持っており，第１は永久磁石が持っている磁力を出来るだけ多く集めてステータコアの櫛部に通すこと，第２は磁束制御を磁路の中間に設けた空隙によって行うことである。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記のとおり，永久磁石式発電・電動機では，磁束制御システムの成否がその発展のために極めて有効な効力を生じる。特に，今後発展が予測される電気自動車のように，回転速度が変動するものについては，発電・電動機の効率，トルク向上と回転速度の増加のため，上記の磁束密度の増加が極めて有力な性能向上に繋がる。上記の内容を満足させるためには，永久磁石の磁路に抵抗を置き，磁力を小さくさせることが有力であるが，通常の方法では，この磁束制御が不可能である。磁力を減少させるためには，磁路に空気層を設けることが最も効果的である。
【０００７】
本発明者は，上記の問題を解決するために，円磁束制御装置にチャンファ部を設けたものを開発し，先に特願２００１−７５４３８号として出願した。該永久磁石式発電・電動機では，円筒部材を断面四角形状の透磁性部材と該透磁部材間に配置された非透磁部材とが交互に積層されて全体として円筒状に形成し，透磁部材の両角部にチャンファ部を形成し，ステータの櫛部の両角部にチャンファ部を形成し，両チャンファ部間に予め決められた所定量のクリアランスを形成するように構成した。櫛部の形状は，長方形であり，角部にチャンファ部を形成しているため，円筒部材が微小回転し始めた時に，櫛部と透磁部材との合口部が重ねっている期間が長いため，両者間のクリアランス量はほとんど変わらず，円筒部材が更に移動することで，磁束が移動始めからゆるやかな変化で離れ始めて急激に変化する状態である。
【０００８】
通常，ロータに取り付けられた永久磁石の磁力はステータコアの櫛部に流れ，外周側に位置する継鉄を経て，また櫛部へ戻る。この経路の中で，ロータとステータコアの櫛部との空隙が最も大きな磁路抵抗になるので，この空隙部の磁力漏れを如何に小さくするかが大きな問題となる。また，ステータコアの内側は，巻線を通すために開口しているが，出来るだけ磁束をキャッチするためには，開口を小さくして櫛部の面積を大きくするように構成されている。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明の目的は，上記の問題を解決することであり，磁束制御装置の揺動移動に伴って櫛部と磁束制御装置の透磁性突起部との間の合口部のクリアランス量が直ちに連続的に変化してステータを通る磁束を連続的に制御できるように構成し，特に，ロータの永久磁石部材からの磁束を磁束制御装置に良好にキャッチさせるために，磁束制御装置の透磁性の良い突起部の永久磁石部材への対向面積を最大限に大きくするため周方向に連続した形状に形成し，磁束制御装置のステータ側に凹部を形成し，ロータの回転速度に応答してアクチュエータを作動して磁束制御装置を揺動させ，磁束制御装置からステータの櫛部への磁束の流れを制御する磁束制御装置を備えた永久磁石式発電・電動機を提供することである。
【００１０】
この発明は，ハウジングに回転可能に支持され且つ周方向に隔置状態で配置された永久磁石部材を持つロータ，該ロータの外周側で前記ハウジングに固定され且つ巻線が巻き上げられる櫛部間にスロット部を備えたステータ，該ステータと前記ロータとの間で前記ステータに対して揺動可能に配置された磁束を調整して電圧を制御する磁束制御装置，及び該磁束制御装置を前記ステータに対して揺動させるアクチュエータを有し，前記磁束制御装置は，外周側が前記ステータの前記櫛部と同数であって凹部で隔置された前記櫛部に接触可能な透磁性の良い材料から成る突起部と内周側が前記突起部を互いに連繋する透磁性の小さい構造を持ったブリッジ部とから構成されたリング状連続体に形成され，前記突起部が透磁性の良い方向と透磁性の悪い方向を持った板材から作られ，透磁性の良い方向を半径方向とし且つ悪い方向を円周方向に配向した構造に構成され，前記ロータの回転速度に応じてコントローラによって前記アクチュエータを作動して前記櫛部に対する前記磁束制御装置の前記突起部の揺動量を制御し，前記突起部から前記櫛部へ流れる磁束を制御することから成る永久磁石式発電・電動機に関する。
【００１１】
前記磁束制御装置の前記突起部は，その外面が前記櫛部の内面に対向状態に接触可能に構成されている。
【００１２】
前記コントローラは，前記ロータの低速時には前記アクチュエータを作動して前記突起部が前記櫛部に密接整合する制御を行い，前記ロータが高速度になるに従って前記アクチュエータを作動して前記突起部を前記スロット部へと移動させて前記突起部と前記櫛部とが密接する面積を低減させる制御を行う。
【００１３】
前記磁束制御装置の前記突起部は，前記ステータの前記櫛部間に位置し，前記突起部の側面と前記櫛部の側面とが接触可能に構成されている。
【００１４】
前記コントローラは，前記ロータの低速時には前記アクチュエータを作動して前記突起部と前記櫛部とを密接状態にする制御を行い，前記ロータの高速時には前記アクチュエータを作動して前記突起部を前記櫛部間の前記スロット部内で揺動させて前記櫛部と前記突起部とのクリアランス量を増大させる制御を行う。
【００１５】
前記ステータは，半径方向に延び且つ周方向に所定の間隔に配置して前記スロット部を形成する前記櫛部，前記櫛部の前記ロータ側の先端部を突出させて前記櫛部を互いに接続するステータブリッジ部，該ステータブリッジ部の外周側で前記櫛部間の前記スロット部に巻き上げられた前記巻線，及び前記櫛部と前記巻線との外周面に圧入されたリング状継鉄から構成されている。
【００１６】
前記櫛部は，透磁性に方向を持った材料で構成し，高い透磁性を持つ方向は半径方向に，且つ小さい透磁性をもつ方向は円周方向に配向されている。
【００１７】
前記コントローラは，前記ロータの前記ステータに対する回転速度と前記ステータの前記櫛部を流れる磁束との積が一定になるように，前記アクチュエータによって前記磁束制御装置を揺動させて予め決められた所定の一定の電圧を発電させる制御を行う。
【００１８】
前記磁束制御装置は，透磁性の良い圧延方向を持つ帯板に対して垂直に凹凸状に切断加工し，凹凸状の前記帯板を円形に成形し，前記櫛部を透磁性が良く且つ前記ブリッジ部を透磁性が小さくなる配向構造に構成されている。
【００１９】
前記突起部と前記ブリッジ部との境界における磁束の流れをスムースにするため，前記磁束制御装置の前記突起部に形成された前記凹部はその角部がアール部に形成されている。
【００２０】
この永久磁石式発電・電動機は，上記のように構成されているので，コントローラの指令でアクチュエータによって磁束制御装置を揺動させる時に，磁束制御装置の内周部が周方向に連続するブリッジ部で櫛部が円形状連続体に形成され，ブリッジ部が集磁部となってロータの永久磁石部材から磁束制御装置の透磁性の良い突起部への磁束の逃げが無くなり，永久磁石部材からの磁力が磁束制御装置に最大限に確実にキャッチされ，ステータコアの櫛部へ流すことができ，ロータの回転速度に応じて前記突起部からステータの櫛部への磁束の流れを高精度に制御することができる。即ち，磁束制御装置の突起部は，外周面が凹部形状に形成されて内周側が磁束の流れをスムースにする三日月形に連続して形成され，その中心付近が突起部として突出して櫛部に対向している。
【００２１】
又は，磁束制御装置の突起部は，その外側が櫛部に対する突出した長方形の接触部に形成され，櫛部間に配置され，また，ステータコアの櫛部は内側から所定の距離，例えば，５ｍｍ程度入った所に，隣接する櫛部を接続するブリッジ部が存在し，櫛部の外周面にはリング状の継鉄が嵌合されているので，ステータコアへの巻線は，櫛部の外開き状態で巻き上げることが可能になり，ステータの製造が容易になっている。ステータコアの櫛部と櫛部との中間の隙間に，磁束制御装置の長方形突起部が配置されているので，櫛部の側面部と磁束制御装置の長方形突起部の側面部との接触面積は，櫛部と透磁性突起部とが対向状態の場合に比較して大きく設定することができる。
【００２２】
この永久磁石式発電・電動機は，磁束制御の性能を効率的に発揮でき，ロータが高速度になった時には磁束制御装置を移動させてステータコアの櫛部へ流れる磁束が減少させることができる。例えば，磁束制御装置の突起部は，櫛部との接触時には，磁路抵抗が小さく，磁束制御装置を移動させて離間させて空隙量を制御することによって磁路抵抗が大きくなり，永久磁石部材から櫛部へ流れる磁束が制御されることになる。また，磁束制御装置の内周側は，ブリッジ部によって櫛部が円形状連続体に形成されているので，磁束制御装置の形状保持が安定し，ブリッジ部は断面積を小さく形成できるので，この部分での磁束漏れは小さくなり，強度保持や剛性保持ができる。磁束制御装置の長方形の幅は，ステータコアの櫛部間との空隙が突起部の突起部の両側面で予め決められた値，例えば，１ｍｍ以上できるように形成し，突起部と櫛部との接触時には密接するように形成する。櫛部間の空隙が小さい時には，突起部を台形形状に形成して磁束が磁束制御装置と櫛部で飽和しないように形成する。
【００２３】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下，図面を参照して，この発明による磁束制御装置を備えた永久磁石式発電・電動機の実施例を説明する。この発明による永久磁石式発電・電動機は，例えば，自動車等の車両に搭載されたエンジンに設けた発電・電動機，コージェネレーションシステムのエンジンに組み込まれた発電・電動機，ハイブリット自動車のエンジン等の出力軸に取り付けられた発電・電動機，排気ガスエネルギを回収するターボチャージャに組み込まれた発電・電動機，或いはエネルギ回収装置に設けた発電機等の各種の発電・電動機に適用して好ましく，その他に誘導機や直流機のステータにも適用して好ましいものである。
【００２４】
図１〜図４を参照して，この発明による磁束制御装置を備えた永久磁石式発電・電動機の一実施例を説明する。この実施例の永久磁石式発電・電動機は，ロータ３とステータ４とを収容するハウジング１，ハウジング１に一対の軸受１３を介して回転可能にそれぞれ支持されている回転軸２，回転軸２に固定されている永久磁石部材５から成るロータ３，ロータ３の外周側に配置され且つハウジング１に固定されているステータ４，ステータ４の内周側にステータ４に対して揺動可能に取り付けられた磁束制御装置７，及び磁束制御装置７をロータ３の回転速度に応じてステータ４に対して揺動移動させるアクチュエータ２５から構成されている。ハウジング１は，例えば，図１に示すように，両側の一対のハウジング本体３０と両ハウジング本体３０を連結する中間部のボルト３１とから構成されている。また，回転軸２には，例えば，回転軸２の一端部に入力となるベルトプーリ４５が固定され，ベルトプーリ４５にエンジンの出力軸に取り付けたベルトが掛けられている。また，回転軸２の他端部には，ロータ３やステータ４で発生する熱を放熱するため冷却ファン４６が取り付けられている。ロータ３の透磁部６とハウジング１には，冷却ファン４６で発生する冷却風が流れる通風孔２８，４７が形成されている。
【００２５】
ステータ４は，周方向に所定間隔のスロット部１１を形成するように隔置した櫛歯状の櫛部１０と外周部を形成するリング状継鉄部１７から成る薄板積層形のステータコア１５，及び櫛部１０に巻き上げられた巻線１４から構成されている。ステータコア１５におけるスロット部１１と櫛部１０との内周側には，磁束制御装置７が接触状態に且つステータ４に対して揺動移動可能に配置されている。磁束制御装置７は，ハウジング１に軸受を介して回転又は揺動自在に取り付けるか，又は軸受を使用することなく，ステータコア１５に回転自在に接触状態に嵌合させることによってステータコア１５に対して回転可能に取り付けることができる。また，櫛部１０の内側面は，角部が傾斜したチャンファ部５４に形成されている。
【００２６】
ロータ３は，回転軸２の外周に取り付けられた冷却用の通風孔２８を備えた透磁部６，透磁部６の外周面に配置された永久磁石部材５，及び永久磁石部材５の外周面に固定された非磁性の補強部材１６を備えている。永久磁石部材５は，周方向に隔置して極性が交互に異なる状態に配置され且つ軸方向に延びる永久磁石板片２０と，隣接する永久磁石板片２０間に介在された非磁性材２１とから構成されている。また，非磁性材２１は，巻線１４の発熱によって溶損しない耐熱性材料で構成されている。また，透磁部６は，例えば，透磁材と非磁性材が周方向に交互に配置して軸方向に延びて円筒状に形成されている。この永久磁石式発電・電動機は，ロータ３の一端には，回転軸２に設けられたねじ３２に押さえ板３４を介して固定ナット３３が螺入され，他端には回転軸２に固定された押さえ板３５とスペーサ２９が設けられ，固定ナット３３で締め付けることによってロータ３が回転軸２の所定位置に固定されている。また，磁束制御装置７とロータ３との間には，可及的に小さい隙間２２が形成されている。
【００２７】
この永久磁石式発電・電動機は，ステータ４とロータ３との間でステータ４に対して揺動可能に配置された磁束密度を調整して電圧を制御する磁束制御装置７，磁束制御装置７をステータ４に対してロッド２６を介して揺動させるアクチュエータ２５，及びロータ３の回転速度に応答して磁束制御装置７の揺動量を制御するコントローラを有する。磁束制御装置７は，特に，外周側がステータ４の櫛部１０と同数であって凹部１２で隔置された櫛部１０に接触可能な透磁性の良い材料からなる突起部８と，内周側が突起部８を互いに連繋する透磁性の小さい構造を持つブリッジ部９とから構成されたリング状連続体に形成されている。磁束制御装置７は，磁力が半径方向に通り抜け易く，円周方向に流れない構造に形成されることが好ましいので，図３に示すように，半径方向に延びる櫛部１０は素材の圧延方向ＰＤと一致させ，円周方向に延びるブリッジ部９は圧延方向に垂直な方向ＰＶＤに位置するように配向させて構成されている。また，リング状継鉄部１７は，透磁性の方向性がない素材で作製されている。
【００２８】
また，磁束制御装置７の突起部８は，周方向に隔置して配置され且つステータ４の櫛部１０間のスロット部１１の幅より小さい幅を有する断面四角形状に形成され，その外面２３が櫛部１０の内面２４に対向状態に接触可能に構成されている。更に，磁束制御装置７は，突起部８とブリッジ部９との境界における磁束の流れをスムースにするため，突起部８に形成された凹部１２の角部がＲ部４２に形成されている。突起部８の外側角部は，傾斜したチャンファ部５５が形成されている。即ち，磁束制御装置７の突起部８は，ロータ３側の内側部が周方向に幅広になる張り出し部となるＲ部４２に形成されている。従って，磁束制御装置７のブリッジ部９は，永久磁石部材５からの磁束の流れをスムースにして磁束の漏れを低減する集磁部として機能する。櫛部１０の内周側のチャンファ部５４と突起部８の外周側のチャンファ部５５とによって，磁束制御装置７の移動によって櫛部１０と突起部８との隙間の制御が良好に行われ，磁束制御を良好に行うことができる。
【００２９】
コントローラは，磁束制御装置７のステータ４に対する揺動移動によって，突起部８の外面２３と，櫛部１０の内面２４との対向面積即ち接触面積との量を制御するように構成されている。コントローラの指令によって磁束制御装置７がステータ４に対して相対揺動すると，突起部８の外面２３と櫛部１０の内面２４との密接状態は調整され，磁束制御装置７の突起部８からステータコア１５の櫛部１０へ流れる磁束が制御されることになる。例えば，コントローラは，図２及び図３に示すように，ロータ３の低速時にはアクチュエータ２５を作動して突起部８と櫛部１０との合口が整合状態になる制御を行い，また，ロータ３の高速時には，図４に示すように，アクチュエータ２５を作動して突起部８を櫛部１０間のスロット部１１へと移動させ，櫛部１０との対向面積を低減させる制御を行う。また，コントローラは，ロータ３のステータ４に対する回転速度，即ち，周波数ｆとステータ４の櫛部１０を流れる磁束φとの積（＝ｆ×φ）が一定になるように，アクチュエータ２５によって磁束制御装置７を揺動させて予め決められた所定の一定の電圧を発電させる制御を行う。
【００３０】
また，磁束制御装置７の突起部８の周方向の幅は，ステータ４の櫛部１０の周方向の幅と同一，又は少なくとも８０％程度に形成されている。突起部８は，例えば，比透磁率の優れたＮｉ−Ｆｅ−Ｍｏ系パーマロイ合金から成る磁性合金板材を積層して形成されている。例えば，突起部８は，比透磁率がＳｉ鋼と比較して１０倍以上であるＰＢパーマロイ（４７Ｎｉ−Ｆｅ）及び／又はＰＣパーマロイ（７９Ｎｉ−４Ｍｏ−Ｆｅ）で作製されている。上記のパーマロイ材は，圧延方向ＰＤが透磁性が良く，圧延方向ＰＤに直角方向ＰＶＤでは透磁率が極端に悪い。この性質を利用して磁力の通り易い方向である半径方向の櫛部を圧延方向ＰＤとして配向させ，また，ＰＢパーマロイ材とＰＣパーマロイとは，１１００℃で焼鈍すると，透磁性の方向性が無くなる。更に，この永久磁石式発電・電動機では，ステータ４の櫛部１０の周方向の幅は，磁束制御装置７の突起部８の周方向の幅の１．２〜１．５倍に設定されている。
【００３１】
次に，図５，図６及び図７を参照して，この発明による永久磁石式発電・電動機の別の実施例を説明する。この実施例の永久磁石式発電・電動機では，磁束制御装置７の突起部１８は，ステータ４の櫛部１０間のスロット部１１に位置し，突起部１８の側面３７と櫛部１０の側面２７とが接触可能に構成されている。櫛部１０は，互いにステータブリッジ部４３で連結して一体構造に構成されている。また，突起部１８とブリッジ部９との境界における磁束の流れをスムースにするため，磁束制御装置７の突起部１８に形成された凹部１９の角部がアール部４２に形成されている。ステータ４は，半径方向に延び且つ周方向に所定の間隔に配置してスロット部１１を形成する櫛部１０，櫛部１０のロータ３側の先端部５１を突出させて櫛部１０を互いに接続するステータブリッジ部４３，ステータブリッジ部４３の外周側で櫛部１０間のスロット部１１に巻き上げられた巻線１４，及び櫛部１０と巻線１４との外周面５２に圧入されたリング状継鉄４４から構成されている。
【００３２】
櫛部１０に対するステータブリッジ部４３の内周面４８の位置は，磁束制御装置７の突起部１８の外面４９が形成された長さだけ半径方向外側に引き込んだ位置に設定され，隣接する櫛部１０の突起部１８間とステータブリッジ部４３の内側面４８とによって磁束が容易に通過しない空隙部５０に形成されている。また，ステータブリッジ部４３は，スロット部１１に巻き上げられた巻線１４がロータ３側にはみ出すのを防止すると共に，図示していないが，磁束が飽和して隣接する櫛部１０への磁束の漏れを防止するように一部が絞られた形状に形成されている。
【００３３】
この実施例では，コントローラは，ロータ３の低速時には，図５及び図６に示すように，アクチュエータ２５を作動して突起部１８の側面３７と櫛部１０の側面２７とを密接状態にする制御を行い，また，ロータ３の高速時には，図７に示すように，アクチュエータ２５を作動して突起部１８を櫛部１０間の空隙５０即ちスロット部１１内で揺動させて櫛部１０と突起部１８とのクリアランス量を増大させる制御を行う。
【００３４】
この実施例では，ステータ４のステータコア１５は，外周側に開口部を形成するように外開き型に形成された櫛部１０，櫛部１０の外周面５２に圧入されたリング状継鉄４４，及び櫛部１０を連結するステータブリッジ部４３から構成されている。従って，ステータコア１５にリング状継鉄４４を圧入する前に，巻線１４を櫛部１０間に巻き上げ，次いで継鉄４４を櫛部１０の外周面５２に圧入すれば，ステータコア１５に，例えば，三相電流を発生させる複数系統電圧を発生させる巻線１４を集中巻き及び／又は分布巻き等の種々の巻き形式に容易に巻き上げることができる。ステータコア１５の櫛部１０間のスロット部１１に跨がって巻き上げられた巻線１４をアルミニウムや樹脂材等の非磁性材５３で固定し，その外周面５２を円形に切削加工し，また，リング状継鉄４４の内周面４０を予め決められた内径に切削加工し，次いで，リング状継鉄４４を櫛部１０と非磁性材５３との外周面５２に圧入すれば，ステータ４が完成する。また，非磁性材５３は，巻線１４の発熱によって溶損しない耐熱性材料で構成されている。
【００３５】
この実施例では，ステータ４は，櫛部１０を所定の間隔で隔置してステータブリッジ部４３で帯状に接続し，ステータブリッジ部４３を円形に曲げてステータブリッジ部４３の端部同志を接合して円形状のステータコア片を形成し，ステータコア片を軸方向に積層してステータコア１５が形成される。次いで，ステータコア１５に巻線１４を巻き上げ，次いで，ステータコア１５にリング状継鉄４４を圧入して形成される。具体的には，ステータ４を構成する櫛部１０の円形状配列の形状は，直線状の板材を帯状に切断し，帯状板材を櫛部１０とステータブリッジ部４３を残して櫛部１０間のスロット部１１と空隙部５０とを切除し，ステータブリッジ部４３を円形状に曲げて成形してステータブリッジ部４３の端部同志を接合して形成される。従って，ステータコア１５は，ステータブリッジ部４３で櫛部１０を連結した円形外開き型櫛部材と，磁路円筒体となるリング状継鉄４４とから形成されている。
【００３６】
又は，外開き型の櫛部１０は，ステータブリッジ部４３の周方向に隔置して径方向に延びるように配列した櫛部１０を一体に成形することで作製できる。外開き型櫛部１０は，隣接する櫛部１０間が外側に開放した開口部となるスロット部１１が形成されているので，巻線１４は予め決められた所定の櫛部１０間に跨がってスロット部１１の外周側の開口部４１を通じてスロット部１１に容易に巻き上げることができる。例えば，巻線１４を巻き上げるには，まず，円形外開き型櫛部材の櫛部１０間のスロット部１１の径方向内方から櫛部１０に巻線１４を集中巻き及び／又は分布巻きで順次巻き上げ，次いで，スロット部１１の外方へと櫛部１０に巻線１４を集中巻き又は分布巻きで順次巻き上げる。
【００３７】
次に，円形外開き型櫛部材の櫛部１０間のスロット部１１に巻線１４を巻き上げた後に，スロット部１１に非磁性材５３を充填し，巻線１４を非磁性材５３でそれぞれ固定する。次いで，櫛部１０と非磁性材５３との外周面５２を切削加工し，所定の外径に仕上げ加工する。外周面５２を切削加工した円形外開き型櫛部材に，磁路通路を構成するリング状継鉄４４を圧入して両者を溶接等によって互いに固定する。この場合に，リング状継鉄４４は，櫛部１０の外周先端面に，図示していないが，透磁性の優れた軟質の円筒材を介在して密接圧入することができる。円形外開き型櫛部材は，櫛部１０をステータブリッジ部４３が互いに連繋し，安定した形状を維持できる。円形外開き型櫛部材とリング状継鉄４４から成るステータコア１５は，磁力線を良く通し，櫛部１０を接続するステータブリッジ部４３が薄肉部に形成されており，ステータブリッジ部４３では直ちに磁力が飽和するので，ステータブリッジ部４３が存在しても何ら支障とならない。
【００３８】
【発明の効果】
この発明による磁束制御装置を備えた永久磁石式発電・電動機は，上記のように構成されているので，磁束制御装置自体は，隣接する突起部がブリッジ部によって一体構造に構成され，安定して強固に高剛性に構成できると共に，ブリッジ部によって永久磁石部材から磁束制御装置へ流れる磁束のキャッチ力即ち集磁力が向上する。また，磁束制御装置のブリッジ部と突起部との境界部をＲ部に形成することによって，永久磁石部材からブリッジ部に集磁された磁束は，ブリッジ部から突起部へスムースに流れることができる。更に，磁束制御装置の突起部を櫛部間のスロット部に位置させた場合には，磁束制御装置をステータの櫛部に対して揺動させる時，櫛部の先端部側面と磁束制御装置の突起部の側面とのクリアランス量を直ちに連続的に直線的に変化させることができ，ステータの櫛部を通る磁束を確実に制御することができ，例えば，予め決められた一定の電圧を発電させる制御が極めて容易に且つ高精度に達成される。
【００３９】
また，この永久磁石式発電・電動機は，リング状継鉄を櫛部に圧入するのに先立って，櫛部間のスロット部に外側の開口部から巻線を，容易に集中巻き，分布巻き，巻数，複数の巻線グループ等の所望に応じたタイプに巻き上げることができ，生産効率を大幅に向上させることができ，信頼性に富んだステータを形成することができる。この永久磁石式発電・電動機は，ロータの回転速度に応答して磁束制御装置を揺動移動させることによって従来のようなサイリスタやトランジスタを用いることなく，適正な電圧制御が確実に簡単に達成でき，例えば，ロータの回転数に影響されることなく，例えば，１００Ｖの予め決められた一定電圧を発電させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】この発明による磁束制御装置を備えた永久磁石式発電・電動機の一実施例を示す概略断面図である。
【図２】この永久磁石式発電・電動機におけるステータの櫛部と磁束制御装置の突起部とが整合した状態の一実施例を示す図１のＩ−Ｉ断面の断面図である。
【図３】図２のステータの櫛部と磁束制御装置の突起部との整合状態の一部を示す拡大断面図である。
【図４】図２のステータの櫛部と磁束制御装置の突起部との非整合状態の一部を示す拡大断面図である。
【図５】この永久磁石式発電・電動機におけるステータの櫛部と磁束制御装置の突起部とが整合した状態の別の実施例を示す図１のＩ−Ｉ断面の断面図である。
【図６】図５のステータの櫛部と磁束制御装置の突起部との整合状態の一部を示す拡大断面図である。
【図７】図５のステータの櫛部と磁束制御装置の突起部との非整合状態の一部を示す拡大断面図である。
【符号の説明】
１ハウジング
２回転軸
３ロータ
４ステータ
５永久磁石部材
６透磁部
７磁束制御装置
８，１８突起部
９ブリッジ部
１０櫛部
１１スロット部
１２，１９凹部
１３軸受
１４巻線
１５ステータコア
１６補強部材
１７リング状継鉄部
２０永久磁石板片
２１非磁性材
２２隙間
２３突起部の外面
２４櫛部の内面
２５アクチュエータ
２７櫛部の側面
２８，４７通風孔
３７突起部の側面
４０継鉄の内周面
４２Ｒ部
４３ステータブリッジ部
４４リング状継鉄
４８ステータブリッジ部の内周面
４９突起部の外面
５０空隙（スロット部）
５１櫛部の先端部
５２櫛部とスロット部との外周面[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention relates to a permanent magnet generator / motor including a magnetic flux control device including a rotor made of a permanent magnet attached to a rotating shaft and a stator arranged on the outer periphery of the rotor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
  In recent years, generators / motors using permanent magnets as rotors have recently been widely used in industrial equipment because of their high power generation efficiency or motor efficiency and their simple structure. With regard to generators and motors, the development of technologies for compactness, high performance, and high output has become active, and with this, diversification of components has become necessary.
[0003]
  By the way, in the permanent magnet type generator / motor, since the magnetic force of the permanent magnet does not change, it is difficult to change the generated voltage or to suppress the torque of the motor. In the generator, the generated voltage increases proportionally as the rotational speed increases. The reason is that the generator voltage is determined by the product of frequency, magnetic flux, and number of windings, so the rotor speed is a variable function, and the others are constants, so the voltage increases as the speed increases. It will be. This is represented by the following formula.
  U = 4.44 × f × φ × W × KW₁
  Where f: frequency, φ: magnetic flux force, W: number of windings, KW₁: Winding coefficient
  As shown in the above formula, in a permanent magnet generator / motor, a complicated switching regulator that can not be used alone to divide the current of the generated power, etc., in order to keep the voltage constant when the generator is operated. Equipment is required. In addition, when operating a permanent magnet generator / motor, the counter electromotive force acts as the rotational speed increases, and the voltage of the electric power input against this electric power increases, so the characteristics of the generator / motor are lost. become.
[0004]
  Conventionally, the high-output AC generator / motor disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-236260 controls the magnetic flux density according to the rotational speed to appropriately control the amount of power generation, and between the rotor and the stator. The control ring is disposed so as to be relatively rotatable, and is provided with a magnetically permeable material that can contact and separate from the control ring.
[0005]
  In the permanent magnet type generator / motor, the magnetic flux control device arranges a magnetic flux control device having the same number of teeth as the comb material inside the stator core in order to control the magnetic flux flowing from the permanent magnet to the stator. The magnetic path resistance is increased and the magnetic force is weakened by moving in the circumferential direction. The magnetic flux control device has two roles in particular. The first is to collect as much magnetic force as the permanent magnet has and pass it through the comb part of the stator core. The second is to provide magnetic flux control in the middle of the magnetic path. It is to be done by the gap.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
  As described above, in permanent magnet generators / motors, the success or failure of the magnetic flux control system has an extremely effective effect for its development. Especially for electric vehicles whose rotational speed fluctuates, such as electric vehicles that are expected to develop in the future, the increase in the magnetic flux density mentioned above is a very powerful performance because of the improvement in efficiency and torque of the generator / motor and the increase in the rotational speed. It leads to improvement. In order to satisfy the above-mentioned contents, it is effective to place a resistance in the magnetic path of the permanent magnet to reduce the magnetic force, but this magnetic flux control is impossible with a normal method. In order to reduce the magnetic force, it is most effective to provide an air layer in the magnetic path.
[0007]
  In order to solve the above problems, the present inventor has developed a circular magnetic flux control device provided with a chamfer portion, and has previously filed as Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-75438. In the permanent magnet generator / motor, a cylindrical member is formed by alternately laminating a magnetically permeable member having a quadrangular cross section and a non-permeable member disposed between the permeable members to form a cylindrical shape as a whole. A chamfer portion is formed at both corners of the member, a chamfer portion is formed at both corners of the comb portion of the stator, and a predetermined amount of clearance is formed between both chamfer portions. The shape of the comb part is a rectangle, and the chamfer part is formed at the corner part. Therefore, when the cylindrical member starts to rotate slightly, the period in which the joint part of the comb part and the magnetically permeable member overlaps is long. The amount of clearance between the two is almost unchanged, and as the cylindrical member moves further, the magnetic flux starts to move away from the beginning of movement and changes rapidly.
[0008]
  Usually, the magnetic force of the permanent magnet attached to the rotor flows to the comb portion of the stator core, and returns to the comb portion through the yoke located on the outer peripheral side. In this path, the gap between the rotor and the comb portion of the stator core has the largest magnetic path resistance, so how to reduce the magnetic leakage in the gap is a big problem. The inner side of the stator core is opened to let the winding pass through. However, in order to catch the magnetic flux as much as possible, the opening is made smaller to increase the area of the comb portion.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problem, and the clearance amount of the abutment portion between the comb portion and the magnetically permeable projection portion of the magnetic flux control device is immediately and continuously increased as the magnetic flux control device swings. The magnetic flux control unit is configured so that the magnetic flux passing through the stator can be continuously controlled. In particular, in order to allow the magnetic flux control device to catch the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet member of the rotor satisfactorily, the magnetic flux control device has a highly permeable projection. In order to maximize the facing area of the permanent magnet member, it is formed in a continuous shape in the circumferential direction, a recess is formed on the stator side of the magnetic flux controller, and the actuator is operated in response to the rotational speed of the rotor. It is to provide a permanent magnet power generator / motor equipped with a magnetic flux control device that swings the magnetic flux control device and controls the flow of magnetic flux from the magnetic flux control device to the comb portion of the stator.
[0010]
  The present invention relates to a rotor having a permanent magnet member rotatably supported by a housing and arranged in a circumferentially spaced state, and a slot between comb portions fixed to the housing on the outer peripheral side of the rotor and wound with a winding. A stator provided with a portion, a magnetic flux control device that adjusts a magnetic flux arranged to be swingable with respect to the stator between the stator and the rotor, and controls the voltage, and the magnetic flux control device with respect to the stator The magnetic flux control device includes a protrusion portion made of a material having good magnetic permeability and having an outer peripheral side that is the same number as the comb portion of the stator and that can be in contact with the comb portion separated by a recess. The peripheral side is formed into a ring-shaped continuum composed of a bridge portion having a small magnetic permeability structure connecting the protrusions to each other,The protrusion is made of a plate material having a direction with good magnetic permeability and a direction with poor magnetic permeability, and has a structure in which the direction with good magnetic permeability is the radial direction and the bad direction is oriented in the circumferential direction,The actuator is operated by a controller in accordance with the rotational speed of the rotor to control the swing amount of the protrusion of the magnetic flux control device with respect to the comb, and the magnetic flux flowing from the protrusion to the comb is controlled. It relates to a magnet type power generator / motor.
[0011]
  The protrusion of the magnetic flux control device is configured such that the outer surface thereof can contact the inner surface of the comb portion in an opposed state.
0012]
  The controller operates to control the protrusion to closely align with the comb portion when the rotor is at a low speed, and operates the actuator to move the protrusion to the slot portion as the rotor reaches a high speed. Control is performed to reduce the area where the protrusion and the comb portion are in close contact with each other.
0013]
  The protrusion of the magnetic flux control device is,in frontLocated between the comb portions of the stator, the side surface of the projection portion and the side surface of the comb portion are configured to be in contact with each other.
0014]
  The controller performs control to operate the actuator so that the protrusion and the comb portion are in close contact with each other when the rotor is at a low speed, and operates the actuator to operate the actuator between the comb portions when the rotor is at a high speed. Control is performed to increase the clearance amount between the comb portion and the projection portion by swinging in the slot portion.
0015]
  The stator extends in the radial direction and is arranged at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction, the comb portion forming the slot portion, and the stator bridge portion that connects the comb portions to each other by projecting a tip portion on the rotor side of the comb portion The winding wound around the slot portion between the comb portions on the outer peripheral side of the stator bridge portion, and the ring-shaped yoke press-fitted into the outer peripheral surface of the comb portion and the winding.
0016]
  The comb portion is made of a material having a magnetic permeability direction, the direction having high magnetic permeability is oriented in the radial direction, and the direction having small magnetic permeability is oriented in the circumferential direction.
0017]
  The controller swings the magnetic flux control device by the actuator so that a product of a rotational speed of the rotor with respect to the stator and a magnetic flux flowing through the comb portion of the stator is constant. Control to generate a voltage of.
0018]
  The magnetic flux control device cuts into a concavo-convex shape perpendicular to a strip having a rolling direction with good permeability, forms the concavo-convex strip into a circle, and the comb portion has good permeability and the bridge. The part is configured in an orientation structure in which the magnetic permeability is small.
0019]
  In order to smooth the flow of magnetic flux at the boundary between the projection and the bridge, the corner of the recess formed in the projection of the magnetic flux control device is formed in a rounded portion.
0020]
  Since this permanent magnet generator / motor is configured as described above, when the magnetic flux control device is swung by the actuator in response to a controller command, the inner peripheral portion of the magnetic flux control device is a bridge portion that continues in the circumferential direction. The comb portion is formed into a circular continuum, and the bridge portion is a magnetism collecting portion, so that there is no escape of magnetic flux from the rotor permanent magnet member to the magnetically permeable projection of the magnetic flux controller, and the magnetic force from the permanent magnet member is reduced. The magnetic flux control device reliably catches it to the maximum and can flow to the comb portion of the stator core, and the flow of magnetic flux from the projection to the comb portion of the stator can be controlled with high accuracy according to the rotational speed of the rotor. That is, the protrusion of the magnetic flux control device is formed continuously in a crescent shape with the outer peripheral surface formed in a concave shape and the inner peripheral side smoothing the flow of magnetic flux, and the vicinity of the center is the protrusion.AsIt protrudes and faces the comb part.
0021]
  Alternatively, the protrusion of the magnetic flux control device is formed at a rectangular contact portion protruding from the comb portion on the outside, and is disposed between the comb portions, and the comb portion of the stator core is placed at a predetermined distance, for example, about 5 mm from the inside. In addition, there is a bridge part that connects adjacent comb parts, and a ring-shaped yoke is fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the comb part, so that the winding to the stator core can be wound with the comb part opened outward. This makes it easier to manufacture the stator. Since the rectangular protrusion of the magnetic flux control device is arranged in the gap between the comb portion of the stator core, the contact area between the side surface of the comb portion and the side surface of the rectangular protrusion of the magnetic flux control device is It can be set larger than in the case where the magnetic protrusion is opposed.
0022]
  This permanent magnet generator / motor can efficiently exhibit the performance of magnetic flux control, and when the rotor reaches a high speed, the magnetic flux control device can be moved to reduce the magnetic flux flowing to the comb portion of the stator core. For example, the protrusion of the magnetic flux control device has a small magnetic path resistance when in contact with the comb portion, and the magnetic path resistance is increased by moving the magnetic flux control device away from the comb control to control the amount of air gap. The magnetic flux flowing to the comb portion is controlled. In addition, since the comb portion is formed into a circular continuous body by the bridge portion on the inner peripheral side of the magnetic flux control device, the shape retention of the magnetic flux control device is stable and the bridge portion can be formed with a small cross-sectional area. Magnetic flux leaks at, and the strength and rigidity can be maintained. The rectangular width of the magnetic flux control device is such that the gap between the comb portions of the stator core is set to a predetermined value, for example, 1 mm or more on both side surfaces of the projection portion, and when the projection portion and the comb portion are in contact with each other, Form closely. When the gap between the comb portions is small, the protrusion is formed in a trapezoidal shape so that the magnetic flux is not saturated with the magnetic flux control device and the comb portion.
0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  Embodiments of a permanent magnet generator / motor equipped with a magnetic flux control device according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The permanent magnet power generator / motor according to the present invention includes, for example, a power generator / motor provided in an engine mounted on a vehicle such as an automobile, a power generator / motor incorporated in an engine of a cogeneration system, and an output shaft of a hybrid vehicle engine, etc. It is preferred to be applied to various generators / motors such as generators / motors attached to the generator, generators / motors built into turbochargers that recover exhaust gas energy, or generators installed in energy recovery devices.TheIn addition, the present invention is preferably applied to induction machines and DC machine stators.
0024]
  1 to 4, an embodiment of a permanent magnet generator / motor equipped with a magnetic flux control device according to the present invention will be described.. ThisThe permanent magnet power generator / motor of the embodiment includes a housing 1 that accommodates a rotor 3 and a stator 4, and a rotating shaft 2 and a rotating shaft 2 that are rotatably supported by the housing 1 via a pair of bearings 13. The rotor 3 is composed of a fixed permanent magnet member 5, is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the rotor 3, is fixed to the housing 1, and is attached to the inner peripheral side of the stator 4 so as to be swingable with respect to the stator 4. The magnetic flux control device 7 and the actuator 25 that swings and moves the magnetic flux control device 7 with respect to the stator 4 in accordance with the rotational speed of the rotor 3. As shown in FIG. 1, for example, the housing 1 includes a pair of housing main bodies 30 on both sides and intermediate bolts 31 that connect the two housing main bodies 30. Further, for example, a belt pulley 45 serving as an input is fixed to one end portion of the rotating shaft 2, and the belt attached to the output shaft of the engine is hung on the belt pulley 45. A cooling fan 46 is attached to the other end of the rotating shaft 2 in order to dissipate heat generated by the rotor 3 and the stator 4. Ventilation holes 28 and 47 through which cooling air generated by the cooling fan 46 flows are formed in the magnetically permeable portion 6 of the rotor 3 and the housing 1.
0025]
  The stator 4 includes a thin plate laminated stator core 15 composed of a comb-like comb portion 10 and a ring-shaped yoke portion 17 that form an outer peripheral portion, and a comb portion spaced apart so as to form slot portions 11 with a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction. 10 is composed of a winding 14 wound up to 10. On the inner peripheral side of the slot portion 11 and the comb portion 10 in the stator core 15, the magnetic flux control device 7 is arranged in a contact state and capable of swinging with respect to the stator 4. The magnetic flux control device 7 rotates with respect to the stator core 15 by being attached to the housing 1 via a bearing so as to be rotatable or swingable or by being fitted to the stator core 15 so as to be rotatable in a contact state without using a bearing. Can be attached as possible. Further, the inner side surface of the comb portion 10 is formed in a chamfer portion 54 whose corner portions are inclined.
0026]
  The rotor 3 includes the permanent magnet members 5 and 6 and the outer periphery of the permanent magnet member 5 disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the magnetically permeable portion 6 provided with cooling ventilation holes 28 attached to the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 2. A nonmagnetic reinforcing member 16 fixed to the surface is provided. The permanent magnet member 5 is arranged in a state where the polarities are alternately spaced apart in the circumferential direction and extend in the axial direction, and a nonmagnetic material 21 interposed between adjacent permanent magnet plate pieces 20. It consists of and. The nonmagnetic material 21 is made of a heat resistant material that does not melt due to the heat generated by the winding 14. Further, the magnetically permeable portion 6 is formed in a cylindrical shape, for example, by arranging magnetically permeable materials and nonmagnetic materials alternately in the circumferential direction and extending in the axial direction. In this permanent magnet generator / motor, a fixing nut 33 is screwed into a screw 32 provided on the rotary shaft 2 via a holding plate 34 at one end of the rotor 3, and is fixed to the rotary shaft 2 at the other end. A pressing plate 35 and a spacer 29 are provided, and the rotor 3 is fixed to a predetermined position of the rotary shaft 2 by tightening with a fixing nut 33. Further, a gap 22 as small as possible is formed between the magnetic flux control device 7 and the rotor 3.
0027]
  This permanent magnet type generator / motor includes a magnetic flux control device 7 and a magnetic flux control device 7 that control a voltage by adjusting a magnetic flux density disposed between the stator 4 and the rotor 3 so as to be swingable with respect to the stator 4. An actuator 25 that swings the stator 4 via a rod 26 and a controller that controls the swing amount of the magnetic flux control device 7 in response to the rotational speed of the rotor 3 are provided. In particular, the magnetic flux control device 7 includes a protrusion 8 made of a material having good magnetic permeability that can be in contact with the comb portions 10 that are equal in number to the comb portions 10 of the stator 4 on the outer peripheral side, and a protrusion portion on the inner peripheral side. It is formed in a ring-shaped continuous body composed of a bridge portion 9 having a structure with small magnetic permeability that connects 8 to each other. Since the magnetic flux control device 7 is preferably formed in a structure in which the magnetic force easily passes in the radial direction and does not flow in the circumferential direction, the comb portion 10 extending in the radial direction has a rolling direction PD of the material as shown in FIG. The bridge portions 9 that are aligned and extend in the circumferential direction are configured to be oriented so as to be positioned in a direction PVD perpendicular to the rolling direction. The ring-shaped yoke portion 17 is made of a material having no magnetic permeability.
0028]
  Further, the protrusions 8 of the magnetic flux control device 7 are formed in a quadrangular cross section having a width smaller than the width of the slot portion 11 between the comb portions 10 of the stator 4 and spaced apart in the circumferential direction. It is comprised so that the inner surface 24 of the comb part 10 can contact in the opposing state. Further, in the magnetic flux control device 7, the corner portion of the concave portion 12 formed in the projection portion 8 is formed in the R portion 42 in order to smooth the flow of magnetic flux at the boundary between the projection portion 8 and the bridge portion 9. An inclined chamfer portion 55 is formed at the outer corner of the protrusion 8. That is, the protrusion 8 of the magnetic flux control device 7 is formed in the R portion 42 which is an overhanging portion where the inner portion on the rotor 3 side becomes wider in the circumferential direction. Therefore, the bridge portion 9 of the magnetic flux control device 7 functions as a magnetic flux collecting portion that smoothes the flow of magnetic flux from the permanent magnet member 5 and reduces leakage of magnetic flux. The chamfer portion 54 on the inner peripheral side of the comb portion 10 and the chamfer portion 55 on the outer peripheral side of the protrusion portion 8 can control the gap between the comb portion 10 and the protrusion portion 8 by the movement of the magnetic flux control device 7, thereby controlling the magnetic flux. Can be performed satisfactorily.
0029]
  The controller is configured to control the amount of the facing area, that is, the contact area between the outer surface 23 of the protrusion 8 and the inner surface 24 of the comb portion 10 by the swing movement of the magnetic flux control device 7 with respect to the stator 4. When the magnetic flux control device 7 swings relative to the stator 4 in accordance with a command from the controller, the close contact state between the outer surface 23 of the projection 8 and the inner surface 24 of the comb portion 10 is adjusted, and the stator core 15 extends from the projection 8 of the magnetic flux control device 7. The magnetic flux flowing to the comb portion 10 is controlled. For example, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the controller controls the actuator 25 to operate so that the joint of the protrusion 8 and the comb 10 is aligned when the rotor 3 is at a low speed. In some cases, as shown in FIG. 4, the actuator 25 is operated to move the protruding portion 8 to the slot portion 11 between the comb portions 10, and control to reduce the area facing the comb portion 10 is performed. Further, the controller controls the magnetic flux control device by the actuator 25 so that the rotational speed of the rotor 3 with respect to the stator 4, that is, the product (= f × φ) of the frequency f and the magnetic flux φ flowing through the comb portion 10 of the stator 4 becomes constant. 7 is controlled to generate a predetermined constant voltage by swinging 7.
0030]
  Further, the circumferential width of the protrusion 8 of the magnetic flux control device 7 is the same as the circumferential width of the comb 10 of the stator 4 or at least about 80%. The protrusion 8 is formed, for example, by laminating magnetic alloy plates made of a Ni—Fe—Mo permalloy alloy having excellent relative permeability. For example, the protrusion 8 is made of PB permalloy (47Ni—Fe) and / or PC permalloy (79Ni-4Mo—Fe), which has a relative magnetic permeability 10 times or more that of Si steel. The permalloy material has good permeability in the rolling direction PD, and extremely low permeability in the direction PVD perpendicular to the rolling direction PD. Utilizing this property, when the radial comb portion, which is the direction in which magnetic force is easily passed, is oriented as the rolling direction PD, and the PB permalloy material and the PC permalloy are annealed at 1100 ° C., the direction of magnetic permeability is lost. Furthermore, in this permanent magnet type generator / motor, the circumferential width of the comb portion 10 of the stator 4 is set to 1.2 to 1.5 times the circumferential width of the protrusion 8 of the magnetic flux control device 7. .
0031]
  Next, another embodiment of the permanent magnet type generator / motor according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.. ThisIn the permanent magnet generator / motor of the embodiment, the protrusion 18 of the magnetic flux controller 7 is located in the slot 11 between the comb portions 10 of the stator 4, and the side surface 37 of the protrusion 18 and the side surface 27 of the comb portion 10 are arranged. It is configured to be contactable. The comb portions 10 are connected to each other by a stator bridge portion 43 to form an integral structure. Further, in order to smooth the flow of magnetic flux at the boundary between the protrusion 18 and the bridge portion 9, the corner portion of the recess 19 formed in the protrusion 18 of the magnetic flux controller 7 is formed in the rounded portion 42. The stator 4 is a stator bridge that extends in the radial direction and is arranged at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction to form the slot portion 11 and the tip portion 51 on the rotor 3 side of the comb portion 10 protrudes to connect the comb portions 10 to each other. Part 43, winding 14 wound around slot 11 between comb parts 10 on the outer peripheral side of stator bridge part 43, and ring-shaped yoke 44 press-fitted into outer peripheral surface 52 between comb part 10 and winding 14. ing.
0032]
  The position of the inner peripheral surface 48 of the stator bridge portion 43 with respect to the comb portion 10 is set to a position where the outer surface 49 of the projection portion 18 of the magnetic flux control device 7 is drawn to the outside in the radial direction. A gap 50 is formed between the protrusions 18 and the inner side surface 48 of the stator bridge 43 so that the magnetic flux does not easily pass therethrough. The stator bridge portion 43 prevents the winding 14 wound up in the slot portion 11 from protruding to the rotor 3 side, and although not shown, the magnetic flux is saturated and the magnetic flux leaks to the adjacent comb portion 10. In order to prevent this, a part of the shape is narrowed.
0033]
  In this embodiment, when the rotor 3 is running at a low speed, the controller operates the actuator 25 to control the side surface 37 of the protruding portion 18 and the side surface 27 of the comb portion 10 in close contact with each other, as shown in FIGS. When the rotor 3 is at high speed, as shown in FIG. 7, the actuator 25 is actuated to swing the protrusion 18 within the gap 50 between the comb parts 10, that is, within the slot part 11, so that the comb part 10 and the protrusion 18 Control to increase the clearance amount.
0034]
  In this embodiment, the stator core 15 of the stator 4 is opened to the outer peripheral side.PartThe comb portion 10 is formed as an outwardly-opening mold, the ring yoke 44 is press-fitted into the outer peripheral surface 52 of the comb portion 10, and the stator bridge portion 43 is connected to the comb portion 10. Therefore, before the ring-shaped yoke 44 is press-fitted into the stator core 15, the winding 14 is wound between the comb portions 10, and then the yoke 44 is press-fitted into the outer peripheral surface 52 of the comb portion 10. The winding 14 for generating a plurality of system voltages for generating a current can be easily wound up into various winding types such as concentrated winding and / or distributed winding. The winding 14 wound over the slot portion 11 between the comb portions 10 of the stator core 15 is fixed with a nonmagnetic material 53 such as aluminum or a resin material, and the outer peripheral surface 52 is cut into a circular shape, and the ring If the inner peripheral surface 40 of the shaped yoke 44 is cut to a predetermined inner diameter, and then the ring shaped yoke 44 is press-fitted into the outer circumferential surface 52 of the comb portion 10 and the nonmagnetic material 53, the stator 4 is completed. . The nonmagnetic material 53 is made of a heat resistant material that does not melt due to the heat generated by the winding 14.
0035]
  In this embodiment, the stator 4 is formed by connecting the comb portions 10 at a predetermined interval and connecting them in a band shape with the stator bridge portion 43, and bending the stator bridge portion 43 into a circle to join the ends of the stator bridge portion 43 together. A stator core 15 is formed by forming a circular stator core piece and laminating the stator core pieces in the axial direction. Next, the winding 14 is wound around the stator core 15, and then a ring yoke 44 is press-fitted into the stator core 15. Specifically, the shape of the circular array of the comb portions 10 constituting the stator 4 is such that the straight plate member is cut into a strip shape, and the strip portion 11 is formed between the comb portions 10 except for the comb portion 10 and the stator bridge portion 43. And the gap 50 are cut off, the stator bridge 43 is bent into a circular shape, and the ends of the stator bridge 43 are joined together. Therefore, the stator core 15 is formed of a circular outer opening type comb member in which the comb portion 10 is connected by the stator bridge portion 43 and a ring-shaped yoke 44 serving as a magnetic path cylindrical body.
0036]
  Alternatively, the outer comb portion 10 can be manufactured by integrally molding the comb portions 10 that are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the stator bridge portion 43 and arranged to extend in the radial direction. The outer comb 10 is formed with a slot 11 that is an opening that opens to the outside between adjacent combs 10, so that the winding 14 spans between predetermined combs 10. The slot 11 can be easily wound up through the opening 41 on the outer peripheral side of the part 11. For example, in order to wind up the winding 14, first, the winding 14 is sequentially wound up by concentrated winding and / or distributed winding from the radially inner side of the slot portion 11 between the comb portions 10 of the circular outer opening type comb member to the comb portion 10. Next, the windings 14 are sequentially wound around the comb portion 10 by concentrated winding or distributed winding to the outside of the slot portion 11.
0037]
  Next, after winding the windings 14 into the slot portions 11 between the comb portions 10 of the circular open-type comb member, the slot portions 11 are filled with the nonmagnetic material 53, and the windings 14 are fixed with the nonmagnetic materials 53, respectively. . Next, the outer peripheral surface 52 of the comb portion 10 and the nonmagnetic material 53 is cut and finished to a predetermined outer diameter. A ring-shaped yoke 44 constituting a magnetic path is press-fitted into a circular outer comb-shaped member obtained by cutting the outer peripheral surface 52, and both are fixed to each other by welding or the like. In this case, the ring-shaped yoke 44 can be closely press-fitted into the outer peripheral front end surface of the comb portion 10 through a soft cylindrical material having excellent magnetic permeability, although not shown. The circular open comb member can maintain a stable shape by connecting the comb portion 10 and the stator bridge portion 43 to each other. The stator core 15 composed of a circular outer comb member and a ring-shaped yoke 44 is formed with a thin-walled stator bridge portion 43 through which magnetic lines of force are connected to connect the comb portion 10. Therefore, even if the stator bridge portion 43 exists, there is no problem.
0038]
【The invention's effect】
  Since the permanent magnet type generator / motor provided with the magnetic flux control device according to the present invention is configured as described above, the magnetic flux control device itself is configured in an integrated structure with a bridge portion so that it is stable. The bridge portion can improve the catching force of the magnetic flux flowing from the permanent magnet member to the magnetic flux controller, that is, the magnetic flux collecting force. Further, by forming the boundary portion between the bridge portion and the projection portion of the magnetic flux control device in the R portion, the magnetic flux collected from the permanent magnet member to the bridge portion can smoothly flow from the bridge portion to the projection portion. . Furthermore, when the protrusion of the magnetic flux control device is positioned in the slot between the comb portions, when the magnetic flux control device is swung relative to the comb portion of the stator, the side surface of the tip of the comb portion and the protrusion of the magnetic flux control device The amount of clearance with the side surface can be immediately and linearly changed, and the magnetic flux passing through the comb portion of the stator can be reliably controlled. For example, it is extremely easy to control to generate a predetermined voltage. And with high accuracy.
0039]
  In addition, this permanent magnet type generator / motor is easily concentrated, distributed winding, number of turns, winding from the outer opening into the slot between the combs, before the ring yoke is press-fitted into the combs. A plurality of winding groups or the like can be wound into a desired type, production efficiency can be greatly improved, and a highly reliable stator can be formed. In this permanent magnet generator / motor, proper voltage control can be achieved easily and easily without using a thyristor or transistor as in the prior art by swinging and moving the magnetic flux control device in response to the rotational speed of the rotor. For example, a predetermined constant voltage of, for example, 100 V can be generated without being affected by the rotational speed of the rotor.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a permanent magnet generator / motor provided with a magnetic flux control device according to the present invention.
2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II of FIG. 1, showing an embodiment of a state in which the comb portion of the stator and the protrusion of the magnetic flux control device are aligned in the permanent magnet generator / motor.
3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of the alignment state of the comb portion of the stator of FIG. 2 and the protrusion portion of the magnetic flux control device.
4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of a non-aligned state between a comb portion of the stator of FIG. 2 and a protrusion portion of the magnetic flux control device.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II of FIG. 1 showing another embodiment in which the comb portion of the stator and the protrusion portion of the magnetic flux control device are aligned in this permanent magnet type generator / motor.
6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of the alignment state of the comb portion of the stator of FIG. 5 and the protrusion portion of the magnetic flux control device.
7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of the non-aligned state between the comb portion of the stator of FIG. 5 and the protrusion portion of the magnetic flux control device.
[Explanation of symbols]
  1 Housing
  2 Rotating shaft
  3 Rotor
  4 Stator
  5 Permanent magnet member
  6 Magnetic permeability
  7 Magnetic flux control device
  8,18 Protrusion
  9 Bridge part
  10 Comb
  11 Slot
  12, 19 recess
  13 Bearing
  14 windings
  15 Stator core
  16 Reinforcing member
  17 Ring-shaped yoke
  20 Permanent magnet plate
  21 Non-magnetic materials
  22 Clearance
  23 External surface of protrusion
  24 Inside of the comb
  25 Actuator
  27 Side of the comb
  28, 47 Ventilation holes
  37 Side of protrusion
  40 Inner surface of yoke
  42 R part
  43 Stator bridge
  44 Ring-shaped yoke
  48 Inner peripheral surface of stator bridge
  49 External surface of protrusion
  50 Air gap (slot part)
  51 Tip of comb
  52 Outer peripheral surfaces of comb and slot

Claims

A rotor having a permanent magnet member rotatably supported by a housing and arranged in a circumferentially spaced state, and a slot portion provided between comb portions fixed to the housing on the outer peripheral side of the rotor and wound with a winding A stator, a magnetic flux control device for controlling a voltage by adjusting a magnetic flux arranged so as to be swingable with respect to the stator between the stator and the rotor, and swinging the magnetic flux control device with respect to the stator The magnetic flux control device has an actuator, the outer peripheral side is the same number as the comb portion of the stator, and the protrusion portion made of a material having good magnetic permeability that can contact the comb portion spaced by the concave portion and the inner peripheral side are the protrusion parts are formed configured ring-shaped continuum from the bridge portion having a small structure permeable magnetism of interlocking with each other, the worse the projection is a good direction and a magnetically permeable magnetic permeability Made from Tsu plate material, for magnetic permeability of a good direction is configured to and worse and radially oriented structure in the circumferential direction, the comb operates the actuator by the controller in accordance with the rotational speed of the rotor A permanent magnet generator / motor comprising controlling the amount of oscillation of the projection of the magnetic flux control device and controlling the magnetic flux flowing from the projection to the comb.

The permanent magnet generator / motor according to claim 1, wherein the protrusion of the magnetic flux control device is configured such that an outer surface thereof can come into contact with an inner surface of the comb portion in an opposing state.

The controller operates the actuator when the rotor is at a low speed to control the protrusion to be closely aligned with the comb portion, and operates the actuator as the rotor becomes a high speed to move the protrusion to the slot portion. The permanent magnet power generator / motor according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet generator / motor is controlled to reduce an area where the protrusion and the comb portion are in close contact with each other.

The protrusion of the flux control device is located between the combs before Symbol stator, permanent according to claim 1, the side surface and the side surface of the comb portion of said protrusions consists of is configured to be contacted Magnet type generator / motor.

The controller operates to control the projection and the comb portion to be in close contact with each other when the rotor is at a low speed, and operates the actuator to operate the actuator between the comb portions when the rotor is at a high speed. The permanent magnet generator / motor according to claim 4 , wherein control is performed to increase the clearance between the comb portion and the projection portion by swinging in the slot portion.

The stator extends in the radial direction and is arranged at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction, the comb portion forming the slot portion, and the stator bridge portion that connects the comb portions to each other by projecting a tip portion on the rotor side of the comb portion The windings wound up in the slot portion between the comb portions on the outer peripheral side of the stator bridge portion, and the ring-shaped yoke press-fitted into the outer peripheral surface of the comb portion and the winding wire. The permanent magnet type generator / motor according to claim 4 or 5 .

The comb is made of a material having a direction permeability, direction having a high permeability in the radial direction, and a direction small with magnetic permeability claim 4 or consists of being oriented in the circumferential direction 5. The permanent magnet generator / motor described in 5 .

The controller swings the magnetic flux control device by the actuator so that a product of a rotational speed of the rotor with respect to the stator and a magnetic flux flowing through the comb portion of the stator is constant. A permanent magnet generator / motor equipped with the magnetic flux control device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein control is performed to generate a voltage of.

The magnetic flux control device cuts into a concavo-convex shape perpendicular to a strip having a rolling direction with good permeability, forms the concavo-convex strip into a circle, and the comb portion has good permeability and the bridge. permanent magnet motor-generator according to any one of claims 1-8 consisting in part is permeable to is configured orientation structure becomes smaller.

In order to smooth the flow of magnetic flux at the boundary between the projecting portion and the bridge portion, the concave portion formed in the projecting portion of the magnetic flux control device has corner portions formed in rounded portions. Item 10. The permanent magnet generator / motor according to any one of Items 1 to 9 .