JP3628900B2

JP3628900B2 - Electric generators that increase low-speed torque and suppress high-speed torque

Info

Publication number: JP3628900B2
Application number: JP06600999A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 英男河村
Original assignee: 英男河村
Priority date: 1999-03-12
Filing date: 1999-03-12
Publication date: 2005-03-16
Anticipated expiration: 2019-03-12
Also published as: JP2000261994A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は，永久磁石から成る回転子と該回転子の外周に配置されたステータとから成る低速トルクを増大すると共に高速トルクを抑制する電動・発電機に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来，電動・発電機は，直流式，誘導式のものがあり，最近では，永久磁石を用いたタイプが高い発電効率又は電動効率が得られ，簡単な構造で構成できるということから，最近，工業用機器に多く使用されるようになった。電動・発電機について，電圧及び電流が増加するに従って回転子の回転数が上昇すると，回転子には大きな遠心力が発生し，該遠心力に回転子が耐えられないと，回転子が破壊されるので，回転子が遠心力に耐えることが電動・発電機には要求される。そこで，回転子を構成する永久磁石部材の外周を補強リング等の補強部材で補強し，回転子が遠心力に耐えるように構成されている。
【０００３】
例えば，特開昭６２−２７２８５０号公報に開示された永久磁石式回転機は，回転子に永久磁石が配置され，可動磁性体が封入された回転子の回転で径方向へ可動磁性体を案内する磁極片形成用の容器を回転子に設けたものである。
【０００４】
また，特開平７−２３６２６０号公報に開示された高出力交流電動・発電機は，回転速度に応じて磁束密度を制御して発電量を適正に制御するものであり，回転子とステータとの間に制御リングを相対回転可能に配置し，制御リングに接離可能な透磁性体を設けたものである。
【０００５】
ところで，車両に搭載してエンジンから放出される排気ガスを浄化するため，ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタが設けられているが，ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタでは，フィルタで捕集されたカーボン，ＨＣ等から成るパティキュレートを加熱焼却してフィルタを再生するため，ヒータが設けられている。ヒータに使用する電力を，車両に設けた発電機やバッテリから供給するが，車両には十分な電力が無いのは一般的であり，そのためにも車両等に設けた電動・発電機について，高効率で，低速時にも十分な電力を供給できるものが望まれている。
【０００６】
また，従来の冷凍車は，エバポレータとコンプレッサを備えており，それらを駆動するため発電機が設けられている。しかしながら，車両のエンジンが停止したり，低速回転になると，発電機の発電電力が低下し，冷凍機を駆動できないため，従来の冷凍車は，電動機を設け，エンジンが停止した場合には，別の電源（交流の１００Ｖ電源）から電力を取り出して電動機を回してコンプレッサを駆動しているタイプがある。一方，地球環境を守るためにＣＯ₂の削減が求められ，自動車の燃費を良くする種々の技術が開発されている。その中で，電動機とエンジンを組み合わせたハイブリット車が開発されつつあり，ハイブリット車には低速トルクを大幅に改善した電動機の開発が求められている。
【０００７】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら，従来の電動・発電機は，低速ではトルクが限定され，高速では発電逆起電力が発生するので，発電ロスが発生するという問題がある。特に，通常のモータシステムでは，低速でのトルクを増加すると，起動性が向上して極めて良好な状況をつくり出すことができるので，如何に低速トルクを増大させるかの課題がある。
【０００８】
また，永久磁石を用いた電動・発電機は，構造が簡単であり，高出力を出すことができるが，回転数が小さい時には，余り大きなトルクを出すことができない。その理由は，電動・発電機における永久磁石の磁力が固定されているので，磁力を増すためには電動・発電機自体を大型に構成しなければ低速での磁力を大きくすることができないからである。即ち，永久磁石では，磁束の発生領域は永久磁石のサイズで決まっているので，回転子が高速で回転すれば，磁束密度が多く成り，発電力も大きくなるが，回転子が低速で回転すれば，磁束密度が少なくなって発電力が低下する。従来の電動・発電機は，磁力を増加させるための構造が種々に開発されているが，決定的なものは存在しないのが現状である。また，電動・発電機において，永久磁石を用いた回転子を使用すれば，小型で高速化することができるが，工作機械のような使用環境が厳しい場所では，その構造が複雑になり，工作機械に組み込むことが困難であり，成立が難しい。また，小型の回転子を組み込んだ電動・発電機は，運転するには永久磁石とステータとの距離が極力小さくなるように構成することが好ましい。そのためには，回転子の外周面を高精度に切削することが必要になる。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明の目的は，回転子に設けた透磁部材を回転軸の外周面から永久磁石部材の外周面に至るまで周方向に隔置して配設し，残留磁力と永久磁石の磁力を重ねて磁力増加させると共に磁力の流れがスムースになるように構成して低速トルクをアップさせ，場合によっては，回転子の両側に電磁石を設け，特に，低速の時には電磁石を働かせ，電磁石で発生する磁力を永久磁石の磁力に加算することによって，低速時の軸トルクを大幅に増加させると共に，電磁石に低速時とは逆方向に通電して前記永久磁石部材の磁力を減じて高速トルクを抑制する電動・発電機を提供することである。
【００１０】
この発明は，ハウジングに回転可能に支持された回転軸，該回転軸に取り付けられた回転子，及び該回転子の外周に配置され且つ前記ハウジングに固定されたステータを有し，前記回転子は，周方向に隔置して非磁性部材を順次介在して前記回転軸上に円筒状に配置された透磁部材，該透磁部材の外周に配置された非磁性材を周方向に隔置して介在した透磁材から成る円筒状磁路コア，及び前記磁路コアの外周に非磁性部材を周方向に隔置して介在した磁極が交互に異なる状態に円筒状に配置された磁石片から成る永久磁石部材から構成され，また，前記透磁部材は，少なくとも前記永久磁石部材の外周面まで延び且つ前記回転軸の周方向に順次積層された軸方向に延びる中央積層板材及び該中央積層板材の両側で且つ前記磁路コアの内周面まで延びる前記回転軸の周方向に順次積層された側部積層板材から構成されていることから成る電動・発電機に関する。
【００１１】
前記透磁部材は，前記永久磁石部材の磁極に沿って磁束が流れるように，前記側部積層板材間に介在された非磁性部材とから円筒状に形成されている。
【００１２】
この電動・発電機は，前記回転子の両端側の前記回転軸上にそれぞれ配置された円筒状の電磁石コアと該電磁石コアに対応して前記ハウジングの磁路ケースに配置された円筒状の電磁石コイルとから成る電磁石を設け，低速トルクを増大すると共に高速トルクを抑制するものである。
【００１３】
前記電磁石コアは，前記永久磁石部材の磁極方向に沿って磁束が流れるように前記回転子に密着する密着部と，該密着部を前記回転子から軸方向に離間させる切欠き部が周方向に隔置して形成された円筒部とから構成されている。
【００１４】
この電動・発電機では，前記透磁部材の磁束の飽和を少なくするため配置された前記磁路コアは前記中央積層板材と合体して大量の磁束を通過させて軸方向の磁路を形成し，また，前記電磁石コアは軸方向の磁路を形成するのである。
【００１５】
前記電磁石によって発生する磁力は，前記電磁石コア，前記中央積層板材，前記ステータ及び前記磁路ケースから成るループを流れる。
【００１６】
前記電磁石コアを構成する前記密着部は，前記透磁部材，前記磁路コア及び前記永久磁石部材の各端面にそれぞれ密着して延びている。
【００１７】
前記透磁部材及び前記電磁石コアは，フェライト材，Ｍｏ−パーマロイ，センダスト等の透磁性の優れた材料から構成されている。
【００１８】
前記電磁石の磁力を制御するコントローラは，前記回転軸の低速に応答して前記電磁石コイルに通電して前記電磁石コアを通過する磁力線を前記永久磁石部材で発生する磁力線に加算して低速トルクをアップさせる制御を行うものである。更に，前記コントローラは，前記回転軸を停止又は始動させる時に前記電磁石コイルに逆方向に通電し，前記永久磁石部材により発生する磁力を打ち消す方向に前記電磁石により発生する磁力を発生させ，前記回転子のコギングを防止する制御を行うものである。また，前記コントローラは，前記回転軸の高速の時，前記電磁石コイルに逆方向に通電し，前記永久磁石部材の磁力を減少させて高速トルクを減少させることができる。
【００１９】
前記回転子は前記永久磁石部材の外周面に配置された補強部材を備えている。
【００２０】
この電動・発電機は，上記のように構成されているので，永久磁石部材で発生する磁力が中央透磁板部材を通過してスムースに流れると共に，永久磁石部材による磁力と残留磁力を重ね合わせることによって磁力を増大させることができ，低速トルクをアップさせることができる。また，回転子の両端に電磁石を配設すると，永久磁石部材による磁力に電磁石で発生する磁力を加算することになり，トータルの磁力を増大し，特に，低速トルクを大幅に増加させることができ，また，電磁石の逆方向の電流を流して永久磁石部材の磁力を減じ，高速トルクを抑制することができる。また，永久磁石部材によるその外側がＮ極に且つ内側がＳ極から成る磁力が通過するのに加えて，低速時には回転子の両端に隣接して配置された電磁石コアの軸方向の内側がＳ極に且つ軸方向の外側がＮ極による磁力が通過し，それによって，トータルの磁力線が同方向に通過して増加され，低速トルクがアップされる。この電動・発電機では，電磁石による強力な磁束は，永久磁石部材の内部を通過すると永久磁石の残留磁束量が変化することになるので，電磁石により創成された磁束は，永久磁石部材を通らずに透磁部材からステータに抜けるようになり，永久磁石部材の磁力に影響がないようになる。
【００２１】
従って，この電動・発電機は，回転数の小さい時に応答してコントローラが電磁石の電磁石コイルに通電し，電磁石による磁束を増加させれば，通常の回転子のみのトルクより数倍のトルクを出すことができ，それによって，永久磁石式の電動・発電機の欠点である低速トルクを増大させることができる。また，この電動・発電機は，回転子を構成する永久磁石を複数の永久磁石部材で作製して筒体に形成し，筒体の外周面を補強部材を巻き上げて固定することによって，製造コストを大幅に低減できると共に構造がシンプルで高強度に構成できる。
【００２２】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下，図面を参照して，この発明による低速トルクを増大すると共に高速トルクを抑制する電動・発電機の実施例を説明する。図１はこの発明による低速トルクを増大し高速トルクを抑制する電動・発電機を示す軸方向の断面図，及び図２は図１の電動・発電機におけるＡ−Ａ断面における断面図である。
【００２３】
この発明による電動・発電機は，例えば，回転軸２をコージェネレーションシステムのエンジンに適用して発電させたり，電動・発電機とエンジンを併設したハイブリット自動車のエンジンに連結することによってエンジンの回転力で発電したり，或いは工作機械等の機械装置にコントローラの指令で作動させる小型の電動・発電機として適用できるものであり，低速トルクを増大させると共に，高速トルクを抑制する制御を行うことができる。
【００２４】
この実施例の電動・発電機は，主として，ねじ２７で互いに連結された一対の非磁性材のハウジング部材１Ａ，ハウジング部材１Ａの両端にそれぞれに固定された磁性材の磁路ケース１Ｂ，及び磁路ケース１Ｂを被覆する非磁性材のカバー部材１Ｃから成るハウジング１，磁路ケース１Ｂに一対の軸受１３を介して回転可能にそれぞれ支持されている回転軸２，回転軸２に固定されている永久磁石部材５から成る回転子（ロータ）３，及び回転子３の外周で回転子３との間に隙間１７を形成してハウジング１に固定されているステータ（固定子）４を有している。回転子３は，その両端が回転軸２に設けられたねじ２４に押さえ板１２を介して固定ナット１１が螺入され，回転軸２に固定されている。ワッシャ機能を持つ押さえ板１２の外周面は，磁路ケース１Ｂに微小クリアランスを持って近接し，押さえ板１２は電磁石９の磁力線の通路を形成している。また，回転軸２には，例えば，回転軸２の端部に入力となるベルトプーリが固定され，ベルトプーリにエンジンの出力軸に取り付けたベルトが掛けられている。
【００２５】
ステータ４は，図２に示すように，積層された薄板のステータコア２０の空所２５を通ってヨーク部２０Ａにステータコイル１４が巻き付けられている。ステータコイル１４は，ステータコア２０の軸方向に線が存在するように巻き上げられている。ステータコア２０における空所２５の内周側に隙間２１が形成され，隙間２１によって隣接するステータコア２０のヨーク部２０Ａが遮断されている。
【００２６】
この電動・発電機は，ハウジング１に回転可能に支持された回転軸２に取り付けた回転子３，回転子３の外周に配置され且つハウジング１に固定したステータ４，及び回転子３の両端の軸方向延長部に対応するハウジング１における磁路ケース１Ｂにそれぞれ配置された電磁石コイル１９と，電磁石コイル１９に対応した位置に配設されると共に回転子３の両端に回転軸２上に取り付けられた電磁石コア８から成る電磁石９を有する。
【００２７】
回転子３は，主として，回転軸２の外周で隣接間に非磁性部材２２を介して筒状に配置された透磁部材６，透磁部材６の外周に密着して配置された磁路コア７，及び磁路コア７の外周に密着して磁極が互いに相違して順次配置された永久磁石部材５から構成されている。永久磁石部材５は，周方向に隔置して配置された軸方向に延びる磁石片５Ａと，互いに隣接する磁石片５Ａの間に介在された非磁性部材２３とから，全体的に円筒状に形成されている。磁路コア７は，透磁材７Ａと非磁性材７Ｂが周方向に交互に配置されて円筒状に形成されている。また，回転子３は，永久磁石部材５の外周面に配置された補強部材１６を備えている。永久磁石部材５は，鉄ネオジム型磁石，サマリウム型磁石等を使用できる。
【００２８】
この電動・発電機は，特に，回転軸２に固定された回転子３における透磁部材６を中央積層板材６Ａと側部積層板材６Ｂから構成し，永久磁石部材による磁力と残留磁力とを重ね合わせて磁力の流れをスムースにして低速トルクを増加させることに特徴を有している。即ち，透磁部材６は，回転軸２の外周面から永久磁石部材５の外周面まで延びる回転軸２の周方向に順次積層された軸方向に延びる中央積層板材６Ａと，中央積層板材６Ａの両側で且つ回転軸２の外周面から磁路コア７の内周面まで延びる回転軸２の周方向に順次積層された側部積層板材６Ｂとから構成されている。
【００２９】
また，電磁石９の電磁石コイル１９は，電磁石コア８の周囲方向に円筒状に巻き上げられ，ステータ４から離れた状態でステータ４の両側方で磁路ケース１Ｂに固定されている。電磁石コア８は，回転子３の両側で，回転子３の外周磁極がＮ極になる場合とＳ極になる場合との両磁流ができるように機能分担するように配置されている。電磁石コア８は，電磁石９で発生する磁力を流すため透磁部材６の両端にそれぞれ対応して隣接して配設されている。電磁石コア８には，周方向に交互に切欠き部１５が形成され，切欠き部１５によって磁力は，切欠き部１５に隣接した電磁石コア８へとガイドされる。電磁石コア８は，切欠き部１５を周方向に隔置状態に備えた円筒部２６と，円筒部２６と一体の密着部１８から構成されている。電磁石コア８の密着部１８は，透磁部材６，磁路コア７及び永久磁石部材５の各両端面にそれぞれ密着して補強部材１６の位置まで延びている。
【００３０】
この電動・発電機において，磁路コア７は周方向に磁路を形成し，中央積層板材６Ａは半径方向と軸方向に磁路を形成し，また，電磁石コア８は軸方向に磁路を形成している。電磁石９によって発生する磁力は，少なくとも電磁石コア８，回転子３における透磁部材６の中央積層板材６Ａ，ステータ４及び磁路ケース１Ｂから成る磁路ループを流れることになる。
【００３１】
コントローラ１０は，回転軸２が低速であることに応答して電磁石コイル１９へ通電し，電磁石９に磁力を発生させ，回転軸２のトルクをアップさせる制御を行う。更に，コントローラ１０は，回転軸２を停止又は始動させる時に，電磁石コイル１９に逆方向に通電し，永久磁石部材５により発生する磁力を打ち消す方向に電磁石９により発生する磁力を発生させ，回転子３のコギングを防止する制御を行う。
【００３２】
また，この電動・発電機は，複数の永久磁石部材５をほぼ筒形状になるように配置し，永久磁石部材５と永久磁石部材５との間，言い換えれば，永久磁石部材５間の境界領域に非磁性部材２３を構成するホウロウやガラス材を充填し，永久磁石部材５と非磁性部材２３とから成る全体の外形形状を，ほぼ円筒状の永久磁石体に形成する。即ち，永久磁石部材５の外周面は，切削加工によって断面円形に加工され，実質的に円筒体に形成されている。また，永久磁石部材５は，内周側に一方の磁極（Ｎ極又はＳ極）が且つ外周側に他方の磁極（Ｓ極又はＮ極）が位置するように配置され，周方向において隣接する永久磁石部材５の磁極（Ｎ極とＳ極）は互いに相違するように配置されている。
【００３３】
図１では，上側に位置する永久磁石部材５は，その内周部がＳ極に且つ外周部がＮ極になるように配置され，また，上側に位置する電磁石コア８の密着部１８がＮ極に且つ電磁石コア８の円筒部２６の押さえ板１２に接触している部分がＳ極になるように配置されている。これに対して，下側に位置する永久磁石部材５は，その内周部がＮ極に且つ外周部がＳ極になるように配置され，また，下側に位置する電磁石コア８の密着部１８がＳ極に且つ押さえ板１２に接触している電磁石コア８の円筒部２６の部分がＮ極になるように配置されている。従って，永久磁石部材５及び電磁石９によって発生する磁力線は，ループを形成してスムースに抜けることができる。
【００３４】
また，永久磁石部材５は，複数の磁石片５Ａをほぼ筒形状に配置し，磁石片５Ａ間の境界領域にガラス材等の非磁性部材２３を充填し，複数の磁石片５Ａと非磁性部材２３とから成る全体の外形形状を，ほぼ円筒状の永久磁石体を構成する。また，永久磁石部材５の磁石片５Ａは，内周側に一方の磁極（Ｎ極又はＳ極）が且つ外周側に他方の磁極（Ｓ極又はＮ極）が位置するように配置され，周方向において隣接する磁石片５Ａの磁極（Ｎ極とＳ極）は互いに相違するように配置されている。
【００３５】
例えば，この電動・発電機は，永久磁石部材５の磁極に沿って磁束が流れるように，回転子３の一端側（図１の向かって右側）の電磁石コア８が外周側がＮ極で内周側がＳ極の永久磁石部材５の磁石片５Ａ（図１の上側）に対応して配置され，また，回転子３の他端側（図１の向かって左側）の電磁石コア８が外周側がＳ極で内周側がＮ極の永久磁石部材５の磁石片５Ａ（図１の下側）に対応して配置されている。即ち，上側に位置する永久磁石部材５の磁石片５Ａは，その内周部がＳ極に且つ外周部がＮ極になるように配置され，また，上側に位置する電磁石コア８の密着部１８がＮ極に且つ電磁石コア８の円筒部２６の押さえ板１２に接触している部分がＳ極になるように配置されている。これに対して，下側に位置する永久磁石部材５の磁石片５Ａは，その内周部がＮ極に且つ外周部がＳ極になるように配置され，また，下側に位置する電磁石コア８の密着部１８がＳ極に且つ押さえ板１２に接触している電磁石コア８の円筒部２６の部分がＮ極になるように配置されている。従って，永久磁石部材５及び電磁石９によって発生する磁力線は，ループを形成してスムースに抜けることができる。
【００３６】
例えば，永久磁石部材５を構成する磁石片５Ａのうち，外側がＮ極で内側がＳ極のもの（図１の上側の磁石片）では，Ｓ極の内側からＮ極の外側へ磁力が通過するので，それに対応して回転子３の両端に配設された電磁石９のうち，軸方向の内側（回転子側）がＮ極に外側（回転子から離れた側）がＳ極になる一端側の電磁石９の電磁石コア８（図１の向かって右側）からの磁力が磁石片５Ａによる磁力の方向に加わることになり，それによって，トータルの磁力線が同方向に通過して増加され，回転軸２のトルクがアップされることになる。即ち，電磁石９と永久磁石部材５の磁石片５Ａとで発生する磁力は，回転子３→ステータコア２０→ハウジング１の磁路ケース１Ｂ→電磁石コア８→回転子３の方向に流れる磁力ループを形成する。
【００３７】
また，永久磁石部材５の上記の磁石片５Ａとは逆の磁極を有する磁石片５Ａ（図１の下側）では，外側がＳ極で内側がＮ極であり，Ｓ極の外側からＮ極の内側へ磁力が通過するので，それに対応して回転子３の両端に配設された電磁石９のうち，軸方向の内側（回転子側）がＳ極に外側（回転子から離れた側）がＮ極になる他端側の電磁石９の電磁石コア８（図１の向かって左側）からの磁力が磁石片５Ａによる磁力の方向に加わることになり，それによって，トータルの磁力線が同方向に通過して増加され，回転軸２のトルクがアップされることになる。即ち，電磁石９と永久磁石部材５の磁石片５Ａとで発生する磁力は，回転子３→電磁石コア８→ハウジング１の磁路ケース１Ｂ→ステータコア２０→回転子３の方向に流れる磁力ループを形成する。
【００３８】
透磁部材６及び電磁石コア８は，フェライト材，Ｍｏ−パーマロイ，センダスト，アモルファス合金等の透磁性の優れた材料から構成されている透磁板部材を積層することによって作製されている。フェライト材は，一般式がＭｎ_XＺｎ_YＦｅ_Zであり，その組成（ｗｔ％）は，具体的には，ＭｎＯ：ＺｎＯ：Ｆｅ₃Ｏ₄＝２２：１５：６３，又はＭｎＯ：ＺｎＯ：Ｆｅ₃Ｏ₄＝１５〜１９：１３〜１７：６７〜７８である。又は，Ｍｏ−パーマロイは，Ｎｉ−Ｆｅ系磁性合金であり，具体的には，その組成（ｗｔ％）は，Ｎｉ：Ｆｅ：Ｍｏ＝７９：１７：４である。或いは，センダスト材は，Ｆｅ−Ｓｉ−Ａｌを含有する磁性合金であり，具体的には，その組成（ｗｔ％）は，Ｆｅ：Ｓｉ：Ａｌ＝８５：９．６：５．４である。
【００３９】
この電動・発電機において，例えば，透磁部材６及び電磁石コア８をアモルファス合金で作製した場合，Ｆｅ_４．７・Ｃｏ_７５．３・Ｓｉ_４・Ｂ_１６のアモルファス合金の場合には，３００００Ｇ（ガウス）の透磁率を持っているのに対し，希土類コバルト磁石では残留磁束密度が９０００Ｇの透磁率である。従って，電磁石９を設け，電磁石９で発生する磁力を，電磁石コア８と透磁部材６の中央積層板材６Ａに流すと，磁束密度を３倍にアップでき，電動・発電機の出力を３倍に高めることができる。言い換えれば，磁路を狭く構成しても磁束がスムースに流れることとなり，電動・発電機の出力を２〜３倍に大きくすることができる。また，電磁石９に逆磁界をかけると，回転子３の永久磁石部材５の磁力線を減少させ，コギング現象を軽減させる場合に，逆磁力線により永久磁石部材５の永久磁力を減磁させることがない。
【００４０】
この低速トルクを増大し，高速トルクを抑制する電動・発電機は，上記の構成を有するので，コントローラ１０の指令で電磁石コイル１９に通電させることによって，永久磁石部材５の磁力に加えて電磁石９に追加の磁力線が形成されることになる。コントローラ１０は，回転軸２の回転数が低いことに応答して，電磁石コイル１９に通電して電磁石コア８を通過する磁力を発生させて回転子３のトルクをアップさせる制御を行うものである。
【００４１】
更に，補強部材１６の隙間，隣接する永久磁石部材５の間，及び隣接する透磁部材６の間には，樹脂材等の非磁性材を注入し，非磁性部材２２，２３を介在させて回転子３が完成されている。非磁性部材２２，２３は，例えば，アルミニウム，オーステナイト鋼，ホウロウ材，或いは，鉄及び銅と，ケイ酸ガラス及び／又はホウケイ酸ガラス等のガラス材とを混合した混合材から構成されている。例えば，永久磁石部材５を非磁性部材２３で互いに接合させる場合には，非磁性部材２３を構成する混合材とＡｌ_２Ｏ_３等のセラミックスとを，永久磁石部材５の間に充填し，これを６００℃〜３００℃に加熱することによって非磁性部材２３が永久磁石部材５を互いに接合させることができる。非磁性部材２２についても，同様にして，透磁部材６間に固定することができる。
【００４２】
【発明の効果】
この発明による電動・発電機は，上記のように，回転子の透磁部材を中央積層板材と側部積層板材とで構成し，中央積層板材が永久磁石部材の外周面まで延びているので，半径方向の磁力がスムースに流れることができる。特に，回転子の低速時に，コントローラの指令によって，永久磁石による磁力に加えて電磁石による磁力が追加され，トータルで磁力を増加され，回転子の軸トルク，即ち，低速トルクをアップする制御を行うことができると共に，回転子の高速時に，コントローラの指令によって，永久磁石による磁力を減じる方向の磁力を電磁石に発生させ，トータルで磁力を減少して，回転子の軸トルク，即ち，高速トルクを抑制する制御を行うことができる。また，この電動・発電機は，磁力を増加させるために永久磁石を大型に構成する必要がなく，コンパクトな構造に構成することができる。また，この電動・発電機は，例えば，回転エネルギを電気エネルギに変換する高速発電機や高速モータとして適用でき，発電機をコジェネレーションシステム，ハイブリット自動車用エンジン等に容易に適用できると共に，工作機械等で使用される高速回転のモータに適用することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】この発明による低速トルクを増大し，高速トルクを抑制する電動・発電機を示す軸方向の断面図である。
【図２】図１の電動・発電機におけるＡ−Ａ断面における断面図である。
【符号の説明】
１ハウジング
１Ｂ磁路ケース
２回転軸
３回転子
４ステータ
５永久磁石部材
５Ａ磁石片
６透磁部材
６Ａ中央積層板材
６Ｂ側部積層板材
７磁路コア
７Ａ透磁材
７Ｂ非磁性材
８電磁石コア
９電磁石
１０コントローラ
１５切欠き部
１６補強部材
１８密着部
１９電磁石コイル
２２，２３非磁性部材
２６円筒部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electric motor / generator that increases low-speed torque and suppresses high-speed torque, which includes a rotor made of permanent magnets and a stator disposed on the outer periphery of the rotor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, motors and generators are of the DC type or induction type. Recently, the type using permanent magnets can achieve high power generation efficiency or electric efficiency and can be configured with a simple structure. It has come to be used a lot for industrial equipment. For motors and generators, when the rotor speed increases as the voltage and current increase, a large centrifugal force is generated in the rotor. If the rotor cannot withstand this centrifugal force, the rotor is destroyed. Therefore, it is required for motors and generators that the rotor withstand centrifugal force. Therefore, the outer periphery of the permanent magnet member constituting the rotor is reinforced with a reinforcing member such as a reinforcing ring so that the rotor can withstand centrifugal force.
[0003]
For example, in a permanent magnet type rotating machine disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-272850, a permanent magnet is disposed in a rotor, and the movable magnetic body is guided in the radial direction by the rotation of the rotor in which the movable magnetic body is enclosed. A pole piece forming container is provided on the rotor.
[0004]
Moreover, the high-output AC motor / generator disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-236260 controls the magnetic flux density in accordance with the rotational speed and appropriately controls the amount of power generation. A control ring is disposed between the control rings so as to be rotatable relative to each other, and a magnetically permeable material capable of contacting and separating from the control ring is provided.
[0005]
By the way, a diesel particulate filter is provided to purify exhaust gas emitted from an engine mounted on a vehicle. In the diesel particulate filter, particulates made of carbon, HC and the like collected by the filter are provided. A heater is provided to regenerate the filter by incineration. The electric power used for the heater is supplied from the generator or battery installed in the vehicle, but it is common that the vehicle does not have enough electric power. It is desired to be efficient and capable of supplying sufficient power even at low speeds.
[0006]
In addition, the conventional refrigeration vehicle is provided with an evaporator and a compressor, and a generator is provided to drive them. However, when the vehicle engine stops or rotates at a low speed, the power generated by the generator decreases and the refrigerator cannot be driven. Therefore, the conventional refrigerator has an electric motor and the engine stops. There is a type in which electric power is taken out from the power source (AC 100V power source) and the motor is driven to drive the compressor. Meanwhile, to protect the global environment, CO ₂ Various technologies that improve automobile fuel efficiency But Has been developed. Among them, hybrid vehicles combining an electric motor and an engine are being developed, and the development of electric motors with greatly improved low-speed torque is required for hybrid vehicles.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, conventional motors / generators have a problem that a torque is limited at a low speed and a back electromotive force is generated at a high speed, resulting in a power generation loss. In particular, in a normal motor system, if the torque at low speed is increased, the startability can be improved and a very good situation can be created, so there is a problem of how to increase the low speed torque.
[0008]
An electric motor / generator using a permanent magnet has a simple structure and can output a high output, but cannot output a very large torque at a low rotation speed. The reason is that the magnetic force of the permanent magnet in the motor / generator is fixed, so that the magnetic force at low speed cannot be increased unless the motor / generator itself is made large in order to increase the magnetic force. is there. In other words, in the permanent magnet, the magnetic flux generation area is determined by the size of the permanent magnet, so if the rotor rotates at high speed, the magnetic flux density increases and the generated power increases, but if the rotor rotates at low speed. , Magnetic flux density decreases and power generation decreases. Various structures for increasing the magnetic force have been developed for conventional motors and generators, but there is currently no definitive one. In addition, if a rotor using permanent magnets is used in a motor / generator, it can be made smaller and faster, but in places where the usage environment is severe, such as a machine tool, the structure becomes complicated, and It is difficult to incorporate it into a machine and it is difficult to establish it. In addition, it is preferable that a motor / generator incorporating a small rotor is configured so that the distance between the permanent magnet and the stator is as small as possible for operation. For that purpose, it is necessary to cut the outer peripheral surface of the rotor with high accuracy.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
An object of the present invention is to dispose a magnetically permeable member provided on a rotor in a circumferential direction from the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft to the outer peripheral surface of the permanent magnet member, and superimpose the residual magnetic force and the magnetic force of the permanent magnet. The magnetic force is increased and the flow of the magnetic force is smoothed to increase the low-speed torque. In some cases, an electromagnet is provided on both sides of the rotor, and the electromagnet works especially at low speeds. Is added to the magnetic force of the permanent magnet to significantly increase the shaft torque at low speeds, while the electromagnet is energized in the opposite direction to that at low speeds to reduce the magnetic force of the permanent magnet members and suppress high-speed torque.・ To provide a generator.
[0010]
The present invention includes a rotating shaft rotatably supported by a housing, a rotor attached to the rotating shaft, and an outer periphery of the rotor and fixed to the housing. Was The rotor has a circumferential direction Permeable members arranged in a cylindrical shape on the rotary shaft with nonmagnetic members sequentially interposed between them, and nonmagnetic materials arranged on the outer circumference of the magnetically permeable members spaced in the circumferential direction A cylindrical magnetic path core made of a magnetically permeable material, and magnet pieces arranged in a cylindrical shape in such a manner that magnetic poles intervening in a circumferential direction with nonmagnetic members spaced apart on the outer circumference of the magnetic path core are different. A permanent magnet member, and the magnetically permeable member extends to at least the outer peripheral surface of the permanent magnet member and extends in the axial direction and is sequentially laminated in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, and the central laminated plate material The present invention relates to an electric motor / generator comprising side laminated plates that are sequentially laminated on both sides and in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft that extends to the inner peripheral surface of the magnetic path core.
[0011]
The magnetically permeable member is configured so that magnetic flux flows along the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet member. , Side It is formed in a cylindrical shape from a non-magnetic member interposed between laminated plate materials.
[0012]
The motor / generator includes a cylindrical electromagnet core disposed on the rotating shafts on both ends of the rotor, and a cylindrical electromagnet disposed in a magnetic path case of the housing corresponding to the electromagnet core. An electromagnet composed of a coil The Provided to increase the low speed torque and suppress the high speed torque.
[0013]
The electromagnet core includes a contact portion that is in close contact with the rotor so that a magnetic flux flows along a magnetic pole direction of the permanent magnet member, and a notch portion that separates the contact portion in the axial direction from the rotor in the circumferential direction. It is comprised from the cylindrical part formed spaced apart.
[0014]
In this motor / generator, the magnetic path core disposed to reduce the saturation of the magnetic flux of the magnetically permeable member is united with the central laminated plate material to pass a large amount of magnetic flux to form an axial magnetic path. The electromagnet core forms an axial magnetic path.
[0015]
The magnetic force generated by the electromagnet flows through a loop composed of the electromagnet core, the central laminated plate material, the stator, and the magnetic path case.
[0016]
The close contact portion constituting the electromagnet core extends in close contact with each end face of the magnetically permeable member, the magnetic path core, and the permanent magnet member.
[0017]
The magnetically permeable member and the electromagnet core are made of a material having excellent magnetic permeability such as a ferrite material, Mo-permalloy, or Sendust.
[0018]
The controller that controls the magnetic force of the electromagnet increases the low-speed torque by energizing the electromagnet coil in response to the low speed of the rotating shaft and adding the magnetic lines passing through the electromagnet core to the magnetic lines generated by the permanent magnet member. Control to be performed. Further, the controller energizes the electromagnet coil in a reverse direction when stopping or starting the rotating shaft, and generates a magnetic force generated by the electromagnet in a direction to cancel out the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet member. Control to prevent cogging is performed. In addition, the controller can reduce the high-speed torque by energizing the electromagnet coil in the reverse direction at a high speed of the rotating shaft to reduce the magnetic force of the permanent magnet member.
[0019]
The rotor includes a reinforcing member disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the permanent magnet member.
[0020]
Since this motor / generator is configured as described above, the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet member flows smoothly through the central magnetic permeability plate member, and the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet member and the residual magnetic force are superimposed. Thus, the magnetic force can be increased and the low-speed torque can be increased. In addition, if electromagnets are installed at both ends of the rotor, the magnetic force generated by the electromagnets is added to the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet member, so that the total magnetic force can be increased, and in particular, the low-speed torque can be greatly increased. In addition, it is possible to reduce the magnetic force of the permanent magnet member by flowing a current in the reverse direction of the electromagnet, and to suppress high-speed torque. Further, in addition to passing the magnetic force of the permanent magnet member having the N pole on the outside and the S pole on the inside, the inner side in the axial direction of the electromagnet core disposed adjacent to both ends of the rotor at the low speed is S. The magnetic force due to the N pole passes on the pole and outside in the axial direction, whereby the total lines of magnetic force pass and increase in the same direction, and the low-speed torque is increased. In this motor / generator, when the strong magnetic flux generated by the electromagnet passes through the interior of the permanent magnet member, the amount of residual magnetic flux of the permanent magnet changes, so the magnetic flux created by the electromagnet does not pass through the permanent magnet member. As a result, the magnetic permeability of the permanent magnet member is not affected.
[0021]
Therefore, in this motor / generator, if the controller energizes the electromagnet coil of the electromagnet in response to a low rotation speed and increases the magnetic flux by the electromagnet, the torque is several times higher than the torque of the normal rotor only. It is possible to increase the low-speed torque, which is a disadvantage of the permanent magnet type motor / generator. In addition, this motor / generator is manufactured by forming a permanent magnet constituting a rotor from a plurality of permanent magnet members into a cylindrical body, and winding up and fixing the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body with a reinforcing member. Can be greatly reduced, and the structure is simple and can be constructed with high strength.
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of an electric motor / generator for increasing low-speed torque and suppressing high-speed torque will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view in the axial direction showing a motor / generator that increases low-speed torque and suppresses high-speed torque according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view in the A-A section of the motor / generator of FIG.
[0023]
The motor / generator according to the present invention, for example, applies the rotational shaft 2 to an engine of a cogeneration system to generate electric power, or is connected to an engine of a hybrid vehicle in which the motor / generator and the engine are provided. It can be applied as a small motor / generator that can generate electricity with a machine or actuate a machine device such as a machine tool in response to a command from a controller, and can increase the low-speed torque and control the high-speed torque. .
[0024]
The motor / generator of this embodiment mainly includes a pair of non-magnetic housing members 1A connected to each other by screws 27, a magnetic path case 1B of magnetic material fixed to both ends of the housing member 1A, and a magnetic member. A housing 1 made of a non-magnetic cover member 1C covering the path case 1B is fixed to a rotating shaft 2 and a rotating shaft 2 that are rotatably supported by a magnetic path case 1B via a pair of bearings 13, respectively. A rotor (rotor) 3 composed of a permanent magnet member 5 and a stator (stator) 4 fixed to the housing 1 by forming a gap 17 between the rotor 3 and the rotor 3 on the outer periphery of the rotor 3. Yes. Both ends of the rotor 3 are fixed to the rotary shaft 2 by screwing a fixing nut 11 into screws 24 provided on the rotary shaft 2 via the pressing plate 12. The outer peripheral surface of the pressing plate 12 having a washer function is close to the magnetic path case 1 B with a small clearance, and the pressing plate 12 forms a path of magnetic lines of force for the electromagnet 9. Further, for example, a belt pulley serving as an input is fixed to the rotating shaft 2 at an end portion of the rotating shaft 2, and a belt attached to the output shaft of the engine is hung on the belt pulley.
[0025]
As shown in FIG. 2, the stator 4 has the stator coil 14 wound around the yoke portion 20 A through the space 25 of the laminated thin plate stator core 20. The stator coil 14 is wound up so that a line exists in the axial direction of the stator core 20. A gap 21 is formed on the inner peripheral side of the space 25 in the stator core 20, and the yoke portion 20 A of the adjacent stator core 20 is blocked by the gap 21.
[0026]
This motor / generator is arranged on the outer periphery of a rotor 3 attached to a rotary shaft 2 rotatably supported by a housing 1 and fixed to the housing 1 and at both ends of the rotor 3. Magnetic path case in the housing 1 corresponding to the axial extension 1B And an electromagnet 9 composed of an electromagnet core 8 mounted on the rotary shaft 2 at both ends of the rotor 3 and disposed at positions corresponding to the electromagnet coil 19.
[0027]
The rotor 3 is mainly composed of a magnetic path core disposed in close contact with the outer periphery of the magnetically permeable member 6 and the permeable member 6 disposed in a cylindrical shape via a nonmagnetic member 22 between adjacent ones on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 2. 7 and the permanent magnet member 5 which is in close contact with the outer periphery of the magnetic path core 7 and is sequentially arranged with different magnetic poles. The permanent magnet member 5 is formed in a cylindrical shape as a whole from an axially extending magnet piece 5 A that is spaced apart in the circumferential direction and a nonmagnetic member 23 interposed between adjacent magnet pieces 5 A. Is formed. The magnetic path core 7 is formed in a cylindrical shape by alternately arranging magnetically permeable materials 7A and nonmagnetic materials 7B in the circumferential direction. The rotor 3 includes a reinforcing member 16 disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the permanent magnet member 5. As the permanent magnet member 5, an iron neodymium magnet, a samarium magnet, or the like can be used.
[0028]
In this motor / generator, in particular, the magnetically permeable member 6 in the rotor 3 fixed to the rotary shaft 2 is composed of a central laminated plate material 6A and a side laminated plate material 6B, and the magnetic force and residual magnetic force of the permanent magnet member are overlapped. At the same time, it has the feature of increasing the low-speed torque by smoothing the flow of magnetic force. That is, the magnetically permeable member 6 includes an axially extending central laminated plate 6A and a central laminated plate 6A that are sequentially laminated in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 2 extending from the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 2 to the outer peripheral surface of the permanent magnet member 5. It is comprised from the side laminated board material 6B laminated | stacked sequentially in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 2 which extends from the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 2 to the inner peripheral surface of the magnetic path core 7 on both sides.
[0029]
Further, the electromagnet coil 19 of the electromagnet 9 is wound up in a cylindrical shape in the circumferential direction of the electromagnet core 8 and is fixed to the magnetic path case 1 B on both sides of the stator 4 in a state of being separated from the stator 4. The electromagnet core 8 is arranged on both sides of the rotor 3 so as to share functions so that both magnetic currents can be generated when the outer peripheral magnetic pole of the rotor 3 is an N pole and when it is an S pole. The electromagnet core 8 is adjacent to both ends of the magnetically permeable member 6 in order to flow the magnetic force generated by the electromagnet 9. Arrange It is installed. Notches 15 are alternately formed in the circumferential direction in the electromagnet core 8, and the magnetic force is guided to the electromagnet core 8 adjacent to the notches 15 by the notches 15. The electromagnet core 8 includes a cylindrical portion 26 provided with notches 15 spaced apart in the circumferential direction, and a close contact portion 18 integrated with the cylindrical portion 26. The close contact portion 18 of the electromagnet core 8 is in close contact with both end surfaces of the magnetically permeable member 6, the magnetic path core 7, and the permanent magnet member 5 and extends to the position of the reinforcing member 16.
[0030]
In this motor / generator, the magnetic path core 7 forms a magnetic path in the circumferential direction, the central laminated plate 6A forms a magnetic path in the radial direction and the axial direction, and the electromagnet core 8 forms a magnetic path in the axial direction. Forming. The magnetic force generated by the electromagnet 9 flows through a magnetic path loop including at least the electromagnet core 8, the central laminated plate 6A of the magnetically permeable member 6 in the rotor 3, the stator 4, and the magnetic path case 1B.
[0031]
The controller 10 performs control to energize the electromagnet coil 19 in response to the low speed of the rotating shaft 2 to generate a magnetic force in the electromagnet 9 and increase the torque of the rotating shaft 2. Furthermore, when the rotating shaft 2 is stopped or started, the controller 10 energizes the electromagnet coil 19 in the reverse direction, and generates the magnetic force generated by the electromagnet 9 in the direction to cancel the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet member 5. 3 is controlled to prevent cogging.
[0032]
Further, the motor / generator has a plurality of permanent magnet members 5 arranged in a substantially cylindrical shape, and the permanent magnet member 5, the permanent magnet member 5, of In other words, the boundary area between the permanent magnet members 5 is filled with a hollow or glass material constituting the nonmagnetic member 23, and the overall outer shape of the permanent magnet member 5 and the nonmagnetic member 23 is substantially cylindrical. The permanent magnet body is formed. That is, the outer peripheral surface of the permanent magnet member 5 is processed into a circular cross section by cutting and is substantially formed into a cylindrical body. The permanent magnet member 5 is disposed so that one magnetic pole (N pole or S pole) is positioned on the inner peripheral side and the other magnetic pole (S pole or N pole) is positioned on the outer peripheral side, and is adjacent in the circumferential direction. The magnetic poles (N pole and S pole) of the permanent magnet member 5 are arranged to be different from each other.
[0033]
In FIG. 1, the permanent magnet member 5 located on the upper side is arranged so that the inner peripheral portion thereof is the S pole and the outer peripheral portion is the N pole, and the close contact portion 18 of the electromagnet core 8 located on the upper side is N The part that is in contact with the pressing plate 12 of the cylindrical part 26 of the electromagnet core 8 is arranged to be the S pole. On the other hand, the permanent magnet member 5 positioned on the lower side is arranged so that the inner peripheral portion thereof is an N pole and the outer peripheral portion is an S pole, and the close contact portion of the electromagnet core 8 positioned on the lower side. The portion of the cylindrical portion 26 of the electromagnet core 8 that is in contact with the holding plate 12 and the south pole 18 is arranged to be the north pole. Accordingly, the lines of magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet member 5 and the electromagnet 9 can form a loop and smoothly escape.
[0034]
The permanent magnet member 5 has a plurality of magnet pieces 5A arranged in a substantially cylindrical shape, and a non-magnetic member 23 such as a glass material is filled in a boundary region between the magnet pieces 5A. The overall outer shape composed of 23 constitutes a substantially cylindrical permanent magnet body. The magnet piece 5A of the permanent magnet member 5 is arranged so that one magnetic pole (N pole or S pole) is located on the inner circumference side and the other magnetic pole (S pole or N pole) is located on the outer circumference side. The magnetic poles (N pole and S pole) of the magnet pieces 5A adjacent in the direction are arranged to be different from each other.
[0035]
For example, in this motor / generator, the electromagnet core 8 on one end side (right side in FIG. 1) of the rotor 3 has an N pole on the outer peripheral side and an inner circumference so that magnetic flux flows along the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet member 5. 1 is disposed corresponding to the magnet piece 5A (upper side in FIG. 1) of the permanent magnet member 5 having the S pole, and the electromagnet core 8 on the other end side (left side in FIG. 1) of the rotor 3 is S on the outer peripheral side. It is arranged corresponding to the magnet piece 5A (the lower side in FIG. 1) of the permanent magnet member 5 whose poles and inner peripheral side are N poles. That is, the magnet piece 5A of the permanent magnet member 5 located on the upper side is disposed so that the inner peripheral portion thereof is the S pole and the outer peripheral portion is the N pole, and the close contact portion 18 of the electromagnetic core 8 located on the upper side. Are arranged so that the portion of the cylindrical portion 26 of the electromagnet core 8 that is in contact with the pressing plate 12 is the S pole. On the other hand, the magnet piece 5A of the permanent magnet member 5 positioned on the lower side is arranged so that the inner peripheral portion thereof is an N pole and the outer peripheral portion thereof is an S pole, and the lower electromagnet core is positioned. 8 are arranged so that the portion of the cylindrical portion 26 of the electromagnet core 8 that is in contact with the pressing plate 12 is the N pole. Accordingly, the lines of magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet member 5 and the electromagnet 9 can form a loop and smoothly escape.
[0036]
For example, among the magnet pieces 5A constituting the permanent magnet member 5, those having the N pole on the outside and the S pole on the inside (upper magnet piece in FIG. 1) pass the magnetic force from the inside of the S pole to the outside of the N pole. Therefore, among the electromagnets 9 disposed at both ends of the rotor 3 correspondingly, one end where the inner side (rotor side) in the axial direction is the N pole and the outer side (side away from the rotor) is the S pole. The magnetic force from the electromagnet core 8 (right side in FIG. 1) of the side electromagnet 9 is applied in the direction of the magnetic force by the magnet piece 5A, whereby the total magnetic field lines are increased in the same direction and rotated. The torque of the shaft 2 is increased. That is, the magnetic force generated by the electromagnet 9 and the magnet piece 5A of the permanent magnet member 5 forms a magnetic force loop that flows in the direction of the rotor 3 → the stator core 20 → the magnetic path case 1B of the housing 1 → the electromagnet core 8 → the rotor 3. To do.
[0037]
Further, in the magnet piece 5A (lower side in FIG. 1) having a magnetic pole opposite to the above-described magnet piece 5A of the permanent magnet member 5, the outside is the S pole and the inside is the N pole, and the N pole from the outside of the S pole Therefore, among the electromagnets 9 disposed at both ends of the rotor 3 correspondingly, the inner side in the axial direction (rotor side) is outside the S pole (the side away from the rotor). The magnetic force from the electromagnet core 8 (the left side in FIG. 1) of the electromagnet 9 on the other end side that becomes the N pole is applied in the direction of the magnetic force by the magnet piece 5A, so that the total magnetic field lines are in the same direction. As a result, the torque of the rotating shaft 2 is increased. That is, the magnetic force generated by the electromagnet 9 and the magnet piece 5A of the permanent magnet member 5 forms a magnetic force loop that flows in the direction of the rotor 3 → the electromagnet core 8 → the magnetic path case 1B of the housing 1 → the stator core 20 → the rotor 3. To do.
[0038]
Permeability member 6 The electromagnet core 8 is manufactured by laminating magnetically permeable plate members made of a material having excellent magnetic permeability such as a ferrite material, Mo-permalloy, Sendust, and an amorphous alloy. Ferrite materials have the general formula Mn _X Zn _Y Fe _Z The composition (wt%) is specifically MnO: ZnO: Fe _Three O _Four = 22: 15: 63, or MnO: ZnO: Fe _Three O _Four = 15-19: 13-17: 67-78. Or, Mo-permalloy is a Ni—Fe-based magnetic alloy, and specifically, the composition (wt%) is Ni: Fe: Mo = 79: 17: 4. Alternatively, the sendust material is a magnetic alloy containing Fe—Si—Al, and specifically, the composition (wt%) is Fe: Si: Al = 85: 9.6: 5.4.
[0039]
In this motor / generator, for example, when the permeable member 6 and the electromagnet core 8 are made of an amorphous alloy, Fe _4.7 ・ Co _75.3 ・ Si ₄ ・ B ₁₆ The amorphous alloy has a magnetic permeability of 30000 G (Gauss), whereas the rare-earth cobalt magnet has a residual magnetic flux density of 9000 G. Therefore, when the electromagnet 9 is provided and the magnetic force generated by the electromagnet 9 is passed through the central laminated plate 6A of the electromagnet core 8 and the magnetically permeable member 6, the magnetic flux density can be increased three times and the output of the motor / generator is tripled. Can be increased. In other words, the magnetic flux flows smoothly even if the magnetic path is narrowed, and the output of the motor / generator can be increased two to three times. Further, when a reverse magnetic field is applied to the electromagnet 9, the magnetic field lines of the permanent magnet member 5 of the rotor 3 are reduced to reduce the cogging phenomenon, so that the permanent magnetic force of the permanent magnet member 5 is not demagnetized by the reverse magnetic field lines. .
[0040]
Since the motor / generator that increases the low-speed torque and suppresses the high-speed torque has the above-described configuration, the electromagnet 9 in addition to the magnetic force of the permanent magnet member 5 is energized by the command of the controller 10. Additional magnetic field lines will be formed. In response to the low rotational speed of the rotary shaft 2, the controller 10 energizes the electromagnet coil 19 to electromagnet core. 8 Is performed to generate a magnetic force that passes through the rotor 3 to increase the torque of the rotor 3.
[0041]
Further, a nonmagnetic material such as a resin material is injected between the reinforcing member 16, between the adjacent permanent magnet members 5, and between the adjacent permeable members 6, and the nonmagnetic members 22 and 23 are interposed. The rotor 3 is completed. The nonmagnetic members 22 and 23 are made of, for example, aluminum, austenitic steel, a brazing material, or a mixed material in which iron and copper are mixed with a glass material such as silicate glass and / or borosilicate glass. For example, when the permanent magnet member 5 is bonded to each other by the nonmagnetic member 23, the mixed material constituting the nonmagnetic member 23 and Al ₂ O ₃ The nonmagnetic member 23 can join the permanent magnet members 5 to each other by filling the ceramics such as the like between the permanent magnet members 5 and heating them to 600 ° C. to 300 ° C. Similarly, the nonmagnetic member 22 can be fixed between the permeable members 6.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
In the motor / generator according to the present invention, as described above, the magnetically permeable member of the rotor is composed of the central laminated plate material and the side laminated plate material, and the central laminated plate material extends to the outer peripheral surface of the permanent magnet member. Radial magnetic force can flow smoothly. In particular, when the rotor is running at low speed, the controller gives a command to add the magnetic force from the electromagnet in addition to the magnetic force from the permanent magnet, increasing the total magnetic force and increasing the rotor shaft torque, that is, the low-speed torque. In addition, at the high speed of the rotor, a magnetic force in the direction that reduces the magnetic force by the permanent magnet is generated in the electromagnet according to the command from the controller, and the total magnetic force is reduced to reduce the rotor shaft torque, that is, the high speed torque. Suppressing control can be performed. In addition, the motor / generator does not need to have a large permanent magnet in order to increase the magnetic force, and can be configured in a compact structure. The motor / generator can be applied as, for example, a high-speed generator or a high-speed motor that converts rotational energy into electric energy. The generator can be easily applied to a cogeneration system, a hybrid vehicle engine, and the like. It can be applied to a high-speed rotation motor used in the above.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view showing a motor / generator that increases low-speed torque and suppresses high-speed torque according to the present invention.
2 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line AA in the motor / generator of FIG. 1;
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Housing
1B Magnetic path case
2 Rotating shaft
3 Rotor
4 Stator
5 Permanent magnet member
5A magnet piece
6 Magnetically permeable members
6A Central laminated board
6B side laminated board
7 Magnetic path core
7A Magnetic permeability material
7B Non-magnetic material
8 Electromagnet core
9 Electromagnet
10 Controller
15 Notch
16 Reinforcing member
18 adhesion part
19 Electromagnetic coil
22, 23 Non-magnetic material
26 Cylindrical part

Claims

Rotary shaft rotatably supported by the housing, a rotor mounted on the rotating shaft, and the outer circumference is disposed and a stator fixed to the housing of the rotor, the rotor, the circumferential direction Permeable members arranged in a cylindrical shape on the rotary shaft with nonmagnetic members sequentially interposed between them, and nonmagnetic materials arranged on the outer circumference of the magnetically permeable members spaced in the circumferential direction A cylindrical magnetic path core made of a magnetically permeable material, and magnet pieces arranged in a cylindrical shape in such a manner that magnetic poles intervening in a circumferential direction with nonmagnetic members spaced apart on the outer circumference of the magnetic path core are different. A permanent magnet member, and the magnetically permeable member extends to at least the outer peripheral surface of the permanent magnet member and extends in the axial direction and is sequentially laminated in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, and the central laminated plate material Before extending to the inner peripheral surface of the magnetic path core on both sides Motor-generator consists of and a sequentially stacked side laminated sheet in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft.

The magnetically permeable member is formed in a cylindrical shape from a non-magnetic member interposed between the side laminated plates so that a magnetic flux flows along the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet member. The motor / generator described.

Provided an electromagnet comprising a respective end sides on the rotating shaft arranged cylindrical cylindrical electromagnet coils in response to the electromagnet core and the electromagnet core disposed magnetic path casing of the housing of the rotor The motor / generator according to claim 1, comprising increasing the low speed torque and suppressing the high speed torque.

The electromagnet core includes a contact portion that is in close contact with the rotor so that a magnetic flux flows along a magnetic pole direction of the permanent magnet member, and a notch portion that separates the contact portion in the axial direction from the rotor in the circumferential direction. 4. The motor / generator according to claim 3, wherein the motor / generator is composed of cylindrical portions formed to be spaced apart from each other.

The magnetic path core arranged to reduce the saturation of the magnetic flux of the magnetically permeable member is combined with the central laminated plate material to pass a large amount of magnetic flux to form an axial magnetic path, and the electromagnet core is The motor / generator according to claim 3, comprising an axial magnetic path.

The magnetic force generated by the electromagnet flows through a loop composed of the electromagnet core, the central laminated plate material, the stator, and the magnetic path case. Generator.

4. The motor / generator according to claim 3, wherein the contact portion constituting the electromagnet core extends in close contact with each end face of the magnetically permeable member, the magnetic path core, and the permanent magnet member.

The motor / generator according to claim 3, wherein the magnetically permeable member and the electromagnet core are made of a material having excellent magnetic permeability such as a ferrite material, Mo-permalloy, or Sendust.

The controller that controls the magnetic force of the electromagnet increases the low-speed torque by energizing the electromagnet coil in response to the low speed of the rotating shaft and adding the magnetic lines passing through the electromagnet core to the magnetic lines generated by the permanent magnet member. The motor / generator according to claim 3, wherein control is performed.

The controller energizes the electromagnet coil in a reverse direction when stopping or starting the rotating shaft, generates a magnetic force generated by the electromagnet in a direction to cancel the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet member, and cogging the rotor. The motor / generator according to claim 9, wherein the motor / generator is configured to perform control for preventing the above-described problem.

The motor / generator according to claim 9, wherein the controller is configured to reduce the high-speed torque by energizing the electromagnet coil in a reverse direction at a high speed of the rotating shaft to reduce the magnetic force of the permanent magnet member. .

The motor / generator according to claim 1, wherein the rotor includes a reinforcing member disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the permanent magnet member.