JP3844700B2 - Processed food preparation method and retort food - Google Patents

Processed food preparation method and retort food Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3844700B2
JP3844700B2 JP2002040570A JP2002040570A JP3844700B2 JP 3844700 B2 JP3844700 B2 JP 3844700B2 JP 2002040570 A JP2002040570 A JP 2002040570A JP 2002040570 A JP2002040570 A JP 2002040570A JP 3844700 B2 JP3844700 B2 JP 3844700B2
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acid
alkali
raw material
food
buffer
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JP2002315550A (en
JP2002315550A5 (en
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隆司 西
裕史 永野
章雅 蔵本
しのぶ 鈴木
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House Foods Corp
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House Foods Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/90Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、品質を損なわずに、酸若しくはアルカリを作用せしめることが可能な加工食品の調製方法と、これにより得られた食品を含む容器入り食品、レトルト食品に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
加工食品を調製する場合に、食品を酸若しくはアルカリと接触させることが広く行われている。
例えば、特公平6−55119号公報には、0.2〜1.0重量%クエン酸溶液で処理した生むきあさりを他のソース原料に添加混合し、しかる後F0値4〜5の範囲内で加熱殺菌することを特徴とするボンゴレソースの製造法が記載されている。クエン酸溶液で処理したあさりを使用し、緩慢な殺菌条件で充分な殺菌を行うことで、あさりを硬化させない作用効果を有する。
【0003】
特開2000−236854号公報には、貝類を、酸類及び/又はアルコール類含有水に浸漬した後、F0 値4〜20で加熱処理し、得られた加熱処理貝類を用いて、ソース類用原料混合物を調製し、次いで該ソース類用原料混合物を、最終製品のpHが5.0〜7.0となるようなpH条件下、F0 値4〜30で加熱処理することを特徴とする容器入り貝類含有ソース類の製造方法が記載されている。酸類又はアルコール類含有水に浸漬した後、緩慢な条件で加熱処理した貝類を使用して調製したソースを、特定のpH及びF0 値で加熱処理することで、充分な殺菌と、貝類の食感等を高品質に保つ作用効果を有する。
【0004】
ところで、これらの先行技術において、食品を酸を含む作用物質と接触させる目的は、原料(貝類)のpHを下げることで、混合原料(ソース)を加熱殺菌する場合の殺菌効率を上げる点にあると考えられるが、加熱殺菌中やその後の混合原料(ソース)のpHの挙動については考慮されていない。
即ち、特公平6−55119号記載の発明によると、クエン酸溶液で処理したあさりを含むソースは、殺菌後に上記の処理によりあさりに含浸した酸がソース中へ溶出することにより、あるいは、これに加えて使用する他の原料によってpHが変化しやすく(特に保存時に)、保存時にソースが酸性化すると、あさりの食感が硬化し、味も変化しやすい。
一方、特開2000−236854号公報記載の発明についても、酸類含有水に浸漬して加熱処理した貝類は酸を含み、これを混合したソースをpH5.0〜7.0の条件下で加熱処理(製品の加熱殺菌処理)する。つまり、上記のpHは製品の加熱殺菌処理の条件として規定されており、したがって、貝類の酸処理の条件や使用量、他の原料混合物のpH等に基づいて、加熱殺菌処理後の保存中にソースのpHが変化しやすい。ソースのpHが貝類等に由来して酸性化すると、貝類の食感が硬化し、味も変化しやすく、他の原料に対してもpHの影響が出る場合がある。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
したがって、本発明は、対象原料(魚介類等)を酸若しくはアルカリ(酸若しくはアルカリを含む水溶液等)と接触処理する加工食品の調製方法、又は、該接触処理の後、該水溶液及び/又は他の原料(ソースや他の種類の原料等)と混合して保存する加工食品の調製方法において、上記接触処理中やそれ以降に該水溶液又は他の原料のpHが特定の値から変化し、原料に影響を及ぼすことを回避するための加工食品の調製方法の提供を目的とする。また、上記の方法で調製された原料を含む高品質の容器入り食品、レトルト食品の提供を目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、先行技術のように、対象原料を酸等と接触させ、pHを下げて加熱殺菌効率を上げる場合に、原料に酸と共にこれとpH緩衝作用をもつ物質を含むpH緩衝溶液を加えた。そして、酸と緩衝物の作用により、加熱時には殺菌に必要な特定の酸性域のpHとなり、加熱中乃至保存時には、上記の原料に影響を及ぼすpHの変化を抑えて、原料を適正なpHに平衡化することができ、原料の品質を保持することが可能となることを見出した。また、pH緩衝溶液による接触処理は、種々の酸若しくはアルカリ処理に応用し得ることを見出した。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に用いる対象原料に特に制限はなく、魚介類、肉類、野菜類が挙げられる。本発明は、魚介類、特に二枚貝、巻き貝等の貝類、肉類、特に牛肉等の畜肉類に適用すると、これらの食感、保水性(保水性が上がるとジューシーな食感が得られる)、食味を向上する効果に優れ、これらに適する。原料の形態は任意であり、生鮮品、冷凍品等でよい。原料には液状やペーストのものを含む。
【0008】
酸若しくはアルカリとは、対象原料に接触処理して当該酸若しくはアルカリを作用せしめるための物質である。酸若しくはアルカリは、食品に使用できるもの、例えば食品添加物及び原材料として認められているものであれば何れでもよいが、酸としてはクエン酸、乳酸、酒石酸、リン酸、リンゴ酸、酢酸、グルコン酸が、アルカリとしてはクエン酸ナトリウム、重曹、リン酸ナトリウム、グルタミン酸ナトリウムが、対象原料の食感・食味品質を向上する上から好ましい。クエン酸ナトリウムは、クエン酸2ナトリウム、クエン酸3ナトリウムの両方を含み、通常クエン酸3ナトリウムを用いるとよい。上記の酸若しくはアルカリは、任意に組合せて使用することができ、また、後記のpH緩衝物として使用することができる場合がある。上記の酸若しくはアルカリは、成分そのものとして、また食酢、果汁等の天然物として使用できることは勿論である。酸若しくはアルカリは、これらを含む水溶液として用いる。
【0009】
緩衝物とは、上記の酸若しくはアルカリと共存する場合にpH緩衝作用をもつ物質である。具体的には、前記の特開2000−236854号公報記載の発明に基づいて説明すれば、酸類含有水に浸漬し加熱処理した貝類を用いて調製したソース類用原料混合物をpHが5.0〜7.0となるような条件で加熱処理する場合に、加熱後の保存時に、あさりからソース中に酸が溶出し、ソースのpHが5.0を下回ることがないように、当該酸類及び他の原料と混合された場合に、pH緩衝作用により、ソースのpHを5.0〜7.0の間で平衡化するための物質である。つまり、酸若しくはアルカリと共役して、電離平衡を保つ性質により、pHを安定化させる物質である。尚、緩衝物には、酸と共存する場合に、酸側でpHを安定化させる弱アルカリを含む酸や、アルカリと共存する場合に、アルカリ側でpHを安定化させる弱酸を含むアルカリが含まれる。
【0010】
緩衝物は、このような作用のあるものであれば任意に使用し得るが、次の酸若しくはアルカリと共役させるものとして、各々次のものが望ましいものとして挙げられる。緩衝物は、主に、使用する酸の塩及び/又は使用する酸と共存する場合に酸側でpHを安定化させる弱アルカリを含む酸であるか、使用するアルカリの共役酸及び/又は使用するアルカリと共存する場合にアルカリ側でpHを安定化させる弱酸を含むアルカリであることが望ましい。

Figure 0003844700
【0011】
次に、本発明の加工食品の調製方法について説明する。
先ず、対象原料を酸若しくはアルカリと接触処理する加工食品の調製方法あるいは、該接触処理の後、この処理に用いた水溶液や他の原料と混合して保存する加工食品の調製方法が本発明の前提となる。
本発明は、対象原料を酸若しくはアルカリと接触処理する場合に、酸若しくはアルカリと、これらとpH緩衝作用をもつ緩衝物とを含むpH緩衝溶液を用いて行う。これによって、酸若しくはアルカリと緩衝物の作用により、接触処理時には必要な特定のpH域を達成し、かつ、接触処理乃至保存時を通じて、原料を適正なpHに平衡化することができるため、原料の品質を保持することが可能となる。
【0012】
先ず、対象原料にpH緩衝溶液を接触して酸若しくはアルカリを作用せしめる接触処理を行う。接触処理としては、対象原料をpH緩衝溶液に浸漬したり、これと混合したり、原料に該溶液を噴霧する処理、含浸する処理が挙げられる。液状やペーストの原料では、それ自体をpH緩衝溶液となし得る。対象原料とpH緩衝溶液とを容器に密封して保持する態様も含む。接触処理は加熱下で行うことができる。
また、上記の接触処理をした後、対象原料をpH緩衝溶液及び/又は他の原料と混合して保存する場合とは、特開2000−236854号の発明において、酸類で処理した貝類を用いてソースを調製し、加熱殺菌後保存する如くである。
このように、pH緩衝溶液を用いて接触処理を行うことにより、接触処理あるいはそれ以降の保存の間に、pH緩衝溶液及び/又は他の原料を特定の範囲のpHとすることができる。特開2000−236854号の発明において、加熱処理の際にpH5.0〜7.0とし、かつ保存中も当該pH域を維持する如くである。
【0013】
以上の操作によって、対象原料に酸若しくはアルカリを作用せしめる接触処理の目的が達成され、同時に接触処理以降原料を所定のpHに保って、原料のpHが変化して、原料の品質に悪影響を及ぼす問題を回避することが可能となる。なお、以上の作用を達成するために、対象原料のpH、使用量、酸若しくは塩基と緩衝物の種類、濃度、使用量、pH緩衝溶液の濃度、使用量を適宜調節することは、本発明の技術思想に沿って当業者が適宜実施することができる。
本発明は、以上の構成を基本として実施可能であるが、より具体的な実施態様について説明する。
【0014】
(接触処理の間に原料のpHを平衡化する)
対象原料をpH緩衝溶液と接触処理する間にpH緩衝能を作用させる。特に、接触処理の間に、pH緩衝溶液のpHを、酸接触処理では、例えば3.0〜4.5、好ましくは3.8〜4.2、アルカリ接触処理では、例えば6.5〜8.0、好ましくは6.8〜7.2で平衡化させるのがよい。各々の処理で緩衝溶液のpHが中性側に外れる場合は、酸若しくはアルカリを十分に作用できない場合があり、酸側若しくはアルカリ側に外れる場合は、原料の食味等に悪影響を与えやすい。よって、上記のpHの範囲により、原料の品質を保って、酸若しくはアルカリを十分に作用させることが可能となる。
【0015】
また、酸接触処理に用いるpH緩衝溶液の酸含有量を0.1〜3.0質量%、及び緩衝物の含有量を0.1〜5.0質量%、一方、アルカリ接触処理に用いるpH緩衝溶液のアルカリ含有量を0.1〜5.0質量%、及びpH緩衝物の含有量を0.1〜5.0質量%とするのがよい。酸としては、乳酸、酒石酸、クエン酸、これに混合する緩衝物しては、乳酸ナトリウム、酒石酸ナトリウム、クエン酸ナトリウム、アルカリとしては、重曹、これに混合する緩衝物しては、クエン酸ナトリウム、グルタミン酸ナトリウムが各々望ましい。対象原料と水溶液の使用割合は、質量比で前者1対して後者1以上が望ましい。
更に、接触処理をpH緩衝溶液を用いてボイル処理して行うことができる。例えば、接触処理をボイル処理して行えば、魚介類、肉類の軟化処理として有効な手段となり、特に肉類に適する。ボイル処理の条件としては、80〜100℃、好ましくは90〜100℃で、1〜300分間、好ましくは60〜100分間がよい。
【0016】
なお、ボイル処理に用いるpH緩衝溶液に、食塩、ショ糖、トレハロース等の糖類等を加えることができ、これらの含有量を1〜50質量%とするのがよく、魚介類、肉類の肉質の軟化処理をする場合に好ましい。
以上の処理により、対象原料の品質を損なわずに、酸若しくはアルカリを作用せしめることが可能となる。特に、魚介類、肉類に接触処理を施す場合に、保水して肉質を軟化し、食味を保持する効果があるので有効である。
【0017】
(事前処理を施した対象原料を接触処理し、保存中の原料のpHを平衡化する)事前処理とは、接触処理の前に、予め対象原料を酸若しくはアルカリと接触させる処理をいう。事前処理を施した対象原料を、酸若しくはアルカリを含むpH緩衝溶液と接触処理した後、該緩衝溶液及び/又は他の原料と混合して保存する場合に、接触処理乃至保存中の原料のpHを平衡化する。
事前処理としては、例えばpH7.5〜9、好ましくは8.0〜8.6のアルカリを含む水溶液で浸漬することが挙げられる。水溶液のアルカリ含有量を0.1〜6.0質量%するのがよい。アルカリとしては、クエン酸ナトリウム、重曹、リン酸ナトリウムが望ましい。対象原料と水溶液の使用割合は、質量比で前者1対して後者1〜5が望ましい。事前処理を、対象原料を酸若しくはアルカリを含むpH緩衝溶液と接触処理して行い得ることは当然である。
【0018】
接触処理としては、例えば上記のように事前処理を施した後水溶液を除いた原料を、酸を含むpH緩衝溶液と容器に密封し、必要に応じて加熱(殺菌)処理することができ、この処理の後に保存する。この場合、pH緩衝溶液のpHを、加熱時に例えば3.8〜4.4、好ましくは3.9〜4.2、加熱乃至保存時に例えば3.8〜6.4、好ましくは3.9〜6.2で平衡化するのがよい。また、pH緩衝溶液の酸含有量を0.01〜2.0質量%、好ましくは0.1〜0.8質量%、緩衝物の含有量を0.01〜5.0質量%、好ましくは0.1〜0.8質量%とするのがよい。酸としては、クエン酸、リン酸、酢酸、これに混合する緩衝物しては、クエン酸ナトリウム、リン酸ナトリウム、酢酸ナトリウムがよい。対象原料と水溶液の使用割合は、質量比で前者1対して後者0.4〜2が望ましい。
なお、上記のpH緩衝溶液に、食塩、ショ糖、トレハロース等の糖類等を加えることができ、これらの含有量を0.5〜4.0質量%とするのがよく、魚介類、肉類の軟化処理をする場合に好ましい。
【0019】
上記の加熱処理を行う場合は、例えば120〜125℃で、30〜60分間、F0 値25〜30の条件にするとよい。つまり、原料を酸を含む緩衝溶液と混合して加熱することで、比較的緩慢な条件で高い殺菌効率が得られる。
以上の処理は、魚介類、特に貝類、肉類に事前処理を施して肉質を軟化し、続いて酸に接触した状態で加熱(殺菌)処理する場合に、殺菌効率を上げると共に、肉質を硬化させず、食味を保持する効果があり、特に有効である。
【0020】
(本発明で調製した加工食品を含む食品)
以上の態様により調製した加工食品、例えば、肉質を軟化された高品質の魚介類、肉類や、肉質を軟化された高品質の、保存性に優れた魚介類、肉類は各種食品の原料として利用することができる。上記の食品を原料として含むレトルト食品等は、該原料が安定したpHの高品質のものであるため、高品質で均質な性能を有するものとなる。
【0021】
更に、本発明を用いて各種食品を調製する具体的態様について説明する。
(加圧加熱処理済食品の製造法)
魚介類を、pH緩衝溶液を用いて浸漬処理して酸接触処理(好ましくはpH3.0〜4.5で行う)又はアルカリ接触処理(好ましくはpH6.5〜8.5で行う) した後水切りし、ボイル又は蒸煮処理してから容器に収容し、加圧加熱処理する。魚介類をpH緩衝溶液、水、他の食品と共に容器に収容してもよい。加圧加熱処理の条件としては、105〜135°C、ゲージ圧0.2〜3.0kg/cm2で3〜60分間程度が例示される。
上記の方法により、魚介類を含むレトルト食品などの加圧加熱食品を製造する場合に、具材として含まれている魚介類の加圧加熱処理した場合の臭みの発現を低減し、魚介類の風味が良好に活かされたカレー、シチューなどの加圧加熱食品を製造することが可能となる。
【0022】
(加圧加熱処理済食品の製造法)
肉類をpH緩衝溶液を用いて浸漬処理してアルカリ接触処理(好ましくはpH6.5〜8.5で行う) した後、水切りして加圧加熱処理するか、あるいは、上記浸漬した状態で加圧加熱処理する。加圧加熱処理の条件は、前記の魚介類を用いた食品の場合と同様である。蒸気を直接接触させることによって、肉類に加圧加熱処理を施すこともできる。浸漬処理は、70°C以下、更に好ましくは5°C〜40°Cで実施するのが、アルカリを作用させ加熱処理済み肉類の食感を向上する上で好適である。同様の点から、浸漬処理は15分間以上、さらには1時間〜20時間実施すればよい。
これによれば、肉の繊維のほぐれ性及び繊維自体の柔らかさにおいて優れ、その食感が従来の加熱処理済み肉類に比べて格段に柔らかい肉類を得ることができ、レトルト食品等の具材として使用するのに好適な肉類と、これを用いた高品質の加圧加熱食品を製造することが可能となる。
【0023】
(即席麺の製造方法)
茹で麺類にアルカリpH緩衝溶液(好ましくはpH7.0〜10.0)を含浸させてアルカリ接触処理し、次いで乾燥して即席麺類を製造する。
生パスタ、乾燥パスタ、生麺又は乾燥麺の一種又は二種以上の混合物を熱湯などを用いて茹で麺類を得る。茹での程度は任意とすることができるが、α化度が少なくとも60%以上及び水分含量が50〜80重量%となるまでお湯で茹でるのが即席麺の食感向上の面から好ましい。
アルカリ溶液を含浸させる量としては、該麺類を0.2〜1.0モル%、好ましくは0.25〜0.5モル%濃度のアルカリ溶液中に5〜60分間、好ましくは10〜30分間浸漬したときに含浸される量に相当する量であればよい。これにより湯戻し性と食感向上効果が得られる。乾燥方法は任意で常法に従えばよく、凍結乾燥によることが望ましい。
この構成によれば、1分〜3分といった短期間で湯戻しできる即席パスタや即席麺が提供される。この即席麺は、湯戻しした時に表面がツルツルして舌ざわりがよく、弾力性にとんだ食感の良好な麺となる。
【0024】
(pH緩衝溶液とされた液状乃至ペースト状食品)
液状乃至ペースト状食品を、原料由来の酸若しくはアルカリと、これらとpH緩衝作用をもつpH緩衝物とを含むpH緩衝溶液とし、至適pH域に緩衝されるように構成する。食品としてはカレーソース、スープ等が挙げられる。つまり、pH緩衝溶液で製品を構成する。この構成によれば、安定した呈味を有し、具材の風味を十分に生かすことが可能な液状乃至ペースト状食品を得ることができる。
【0025】
(pH緩衝溶液とされた浅漬調味料)
酸味料と該酸味料の酸とpH緩衝作用をもつpH緩衝物とを含んで酸性のpH緩衝溶液(好ましくはpHが4.0〜4.8)とされた浅漬調味料を得る。浅漬調味料は常法に従って構成すればよく、用いる酸に応じて適宜前記のpH緩衝物を選定し、上記の構成を達成すればよい。つまり、pH緩衝溶液で製品を構成する。この構成によれば、安定した呈味を有し、素材の風味を十分に生かすことが可能な浅漬調味料を得ることができる。
【0026】
本発明は、以上の構成に種々の応用改変を行うことでも達成され、上記のものの他に様々な原料を使用して、種々の食品を調製することができる。
【0031】
【実施例】
実施例1(あさりの処理)
あさりのむき身1000gをクエン酸ナトリウム2.0質量%を含むpH8.40の水溶液2000gに30分間浸漬処理(事前処理)した。水溶液を分離したあさり1320gと、クエン酸0.6質量%、クエン酸ナトリウム0.6質量%、食塩0.89質量%を含むpH緩衝溶液650gとをレトルトパウチに充填密封し、レトルトで120℃で45分間、F0 値25の条件で加熱殺菌処理し、得られたパウチ入りあさりを1週間常温で保存した。上記緩衝溶液のpHは、加熱処理前は4.00で、保存後は5.90であった。
保存後のあさりは、歩留りが83質量%で、ジューシーで軟らかい食感と自然な風味を有していた。
【0032】
比較例1
加熱処理に用いる水溶液にクエン酸ナトリウムを含まないこと以外は、実施例1と同様にパウチ入りあさりを得た。上記水溶液のpHは、加熱処理前は2.3で、保存後は6.1であった。保存後のあさりは、歩留りが80質量%で、ある程度軟化しているが、繊維質の硬さのある食感で、やや酸味が感じられた。
【0033】
実施例2(あさり入りレトルト食品)
実施例1で得られたあさりのむき身(パウチを開封し水溶液を分離したもの)10gとパスタソース180gを混合してレトルトパウチに充填密封し、レトルトで122℃で14分間、F0 値4以上の条件で加熱殺菌処理してレトルトパスタソースを得た。このパスタソースを食すると、あさりはジューシーで軟らかい食感を有する高品質のものであった。
【0036】
参考例1(アルカリ接触処理した加熱処理済み牛肉)
25mm角のサイの目状にカットされた冷凍牛肉を解凍し、カット牛肉を得た。次に、
前記カット牛肉を5°Cの炭酸水素ナトリウム0.5重量%及びクエン酸3ナトリウム2.5%を含むpH緩衝溶液に16時間浸漬し、水切りしてアルカリ処理済みのカット肉を得た。尚、上記緩衝溶液のpHは、浸漬処理前は7.8で、処理後は7.2で、浸漬処理の間7.8〜7.2の範囲で推移した。次いで、上記アルカリ処理済みのカット肉を圧力釜に入れ、釜を密閉した後、117°Cの熱水中で、30分間の加圧加熱処理を行ない、
加熱処理済みカット牛肉を得た。このようにして得られた加熱処理済み牛肉は、食感が適度の柔らかさを有する高品質のものであった。
【0037】
実施例3(アルカリ接触処理した加熱処理済み牛肉)
上記参考例1と同様にして、肉類にアルカリ処理済みカット牛肉を得た。次いで、上記アルカリ処理済みのカット肉を、浸漬処理に用いた上記緩衝溶液に浸漬した状態で、圧力釜に入れ、釜を密閉した後、117°C、30分間の加圧加熱処理を行ない、加熱処理済みカット牛肉を得た。上記緩衝溶液のpHは、加圧加熱処理前は7.8で、処理後は7.0で、加熱処理の間7.8〜7.0の範囲で推移し、3カ月保存後は7.0であった。このようにして得られた加熱処理済み牛肉は、食感が適度の柔らかさを有する高品質のものであった。
【0042】
【発明の効果】
本発明の方法によれば、品質を損なわずに、酸若しくはアルカリを作用せしめて加工食品を調製することが可能となる。また、本発明により得られる加工食品は、調製乃至保存の過程を通じて、pHが安定なものであり、品質が均質で優れる。更に、この加工食品を含む容器入り食品やレトルト食品等も、品質が均質で優れたものになる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for preparing a processed food capable of allowing acid or alkali to act without impairing quality, and a food in a container and a retort food containing the food obtained thereby.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When preparing a processed food, it is widely performed to contact the food with an acid or an alkali.
For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-55119 discloses that raw clam treated with a 0.2 to 1.0% by weight citric acid solution is added to and mixed with other source materials, and then within an F0 value of 4 to 5. Describes a process for producing a bongole sauce characterized by heat sterilization with By using a clam treated with a citric acid solution and performing sufficient sterilization under slow sterilization conditions, it has the effect of not curing the clam.
[0003]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-236854 discloses that shellfish are dipped in acid and / or alcohol-containing water, then heat-treated with an F0 value of 4 to 20, and the obtained heat-treated shellfish is used as a raw material for sauces. A mixture is prepared, and then the raw material mixture for sauces is heat-treated at a F0 value of 4 to 30 under pH conditions such that the final product has a pH of 5.0 to 7.0. A method for producing shellfish-containing sauces is described. Sauces prepared using shellfish that have been immersed in acid or alcohol-containing water and then heat-treated under mild conditions are heat-treated at a specific pH and F0 value, resulting in sufficient sterilization and shellfish texture. Etc. have the effect of maintaining high quality.
[0004]
By the way, in these prior arts, the purpose of bringing food into contact with an agent containing acid is to lower the pH of the raw material (shellfish) to increase the sterilization efficiency when heat-sterilizing the mixed raw material (sauce). However, the behavior of the pH of the mixed raw material (source) during and after heat sterilization is not considered.
That is, according to the invention described in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 6-55119, the sauce containing clams treated with a citric acid solution is dissolved in the sauce by the above treatment after the sterilization, In addition, the pH is likely to change depending on other raw materials used (particularly during storage), and if the sauce is acidified during storage, the texture of the clams will harden and the taste will also change easily.
On the other hand, regarding the invention described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-236854 as well, shellfish that have been heat-treated by immersion in acid-containing water contain acid, and the mixed sauce is heat-treated under the condition of pH 5.0 to 7.0. (Product heat sterilization treatment). In other words, the above pH is defined as the condition of heat sterilization treatment of the product, and therefore, during storage after the heat sterilization treatment based on the acid treatment conditions and usage of shellfish, the pH of other raw material mixtures, etc. The pH of the source is likely to change. When the pH of the sauce is derived from shellfish or the like and acidified, the texture of the shellfish is cured, the taste is likely to change, and the pH may affect other raw materials.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the present invention provides a method for preparing a processed food in which a target raw material (such as seafood) is contact-treated with an acid or an alkali (an aqueous solution containing an acid or an alkali), or the aqueous solution and / or other after the contact treatment. In the method of preparing processed foods that are mixed and stored with raw materials (such as sauces and other types of raw materials), the pH of the aqueous solution or other raw materials changes from a specific value during or after the contact treatment, and the raw materials It aims at providing the preparation method of the processed food for avoiding affecting a foodstuff. Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-quality containerized food and retort food containing the raw material prepared by the above method.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
When the subject material is brought into contact with an acid or the like as in the prior art and the pH is lowered to increase the heat sterilization efficiency, the pH buffer solution containing the material and a substance having a pH buffering action together with the acid. Was added. Then, due to the action of the acid and the buffer, the pH becomes a specific acidic range necessary for sterilization during heating, and during the heating or storage, the pH change affecting the above raw materials is suppressed, and the raw materials are adjusted to an appropriate pH. It was found that it was possible to equilibrate and maintain the quality of the raw material. It has also been found that the contact treatment with a pH buffer solution can be applied to various acid or alkali treatments.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the target raw material used for this invention, Seafood, meat, and vegetables are mentioned. When the present invention is applied to seafood, particularly shellfish such as bivalves and snails, meat, especially livestock meat such as beef, these textures, water retention (juicy texture can be obtained when water retention is increased), taste It is excellent in the effect of improving and is suitable for these. The form of the raw material is arbitrary, and may be a fresh product, a frozen product, or the like. Raw materials include liquid and paste.
[0008]
The acid or alkali is a substance for contacting the target raw material to cause the acid or alkali to act. Any acid or alkali may be used as long as it can be used in foods, for example, food additives and raw materials. Citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, malic acid, acetic acid, glucone can be used as the acid. The acid is preferably sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium phosphate, or sodium glutamate as the alkali from the viewpoint of improving the texture and taste quality of the target raw material. Sodium citrate includes both disodium citrate and trisodium citrate, and usually trisodium citrate is preferably used. The above acids or alkalis can be used in any combination, and may be used as a pH buffer described below. Of course, the acid or alkali can be used as a component itself or as a natural product such as vinegar or fruit juice. The acid or alkali is used as an aqueous solution containing these.
[0009]
The buffer is a substance having a pH buffering action when coexisting with the above acid or alkali. Specifically, based on the invention described in JP-A-2000-236854, a source mixture for sauces prepared using shellfish immersed in acid-containing water and heat-treated has a pH of 5.0. When heat-treating under conditions such as ˜7.0, during storage after heating, the acid and the acid and the acid should be dissolved so that the acid does not elute from the clams into the sauce and the pH of the sauce does not fall below 5.0. It is a substance for equilibrating the pH of the source between 5.0 and 7.0 by pH buffering action when mixed with other raw materials. In other words, it is a substance that stabilizes the pH by conjugating with acid or alkali and maintaining ionization equilibrium. The buffer contains an acid containing a weak alkali that stabilizes the pH on the acid side when coexisting with an acid, and an alkali containing a weak acid that stabilizes the pH on the alkali side when coexisting with an alkali. It is.
[0010]
The buffer may be arbitrarily used as long as it has such an action, but the followings are preferable as those to be conjugated with the following acid or alkali. The buffer is mainly an acid containing a weak alkali that stabilizes pH on the acid side when coexisting with the salt of the acid used and / or the acid used, or the conjugate acid and / or use of the alkali used. In the case of coexisting with the alkali to be used, an alkali containing a weak acid that stabilizes the pH on the alkali side is desirable.
Figure 0003844700
[0011]
Next, the method for preparing the processed food of the present invention will be described.
First, a method for preparing a processed food in which the target raw material is contact-treated with an acid or an alkali, or a method for preparing a processed food to be stored after being mixed with the aqueous solution or other raw materials used in this processing. It is a premise.
In the present invention, when the target raw material is contact-treated with an acid or an alkali, a pH buffer solution containing the acid or alkali and a buffer having a pH buffering action is used. As a result, the specific pH range required for the contact treatment can be achieved by the action of the acid or alkali and the buffer, and the raw material can be equilibrated to an appropriate pH throughout the contact treatment or storage. Quality can be maintained.
[0012]
First, contact treatment is performed in which a pH buffer solution is brought into contact with a target raw material to cause an acid or alkali to act. Examples of the contact treatment include soaking the target raw material in a pH buffer solution, mixing it, spraying the solution onto the raw material, and impregnating the raw material. In the case of a liquid or paste material, it can itself be a pH buffer solution. A mode in which the target raw material and the pH buffer solution are sealed and held in a container is also included. The contact treatment can be performed under heating.
In addition, when the target raw material is mixed with a pH buffer solution and / or other raw materials and stored after the above contact treatment, the shellfish treated with acids in the invention of JP-A-2000-236854 is used. It seems that the sauce is prepared and stored after heat sterilization.
Thus, by performing the contact treatment using the pH buffer solution, the pH buffer solution and / or other raw materials can be brought to a specific range of pH during the contact treatment or subsequent storage. In the invention of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-236854, the pH is set to 5.0 to 7.0 during the heat treatment, and the pH range is maintained during storage.
[0013]
By the above operation, the purpose of the contact treatment in which the target raw material is allowed to act with acid or alkali is achieved, and at the same time, the raw material is kept at a predetermined pH after the contact treatment, and the pH of the raw material changes, which adversely affects the quality of the raw material. Problems can be avoided. In order to achieve the above effects, the pH, amount used, type of acid or base and buffer, concentration, amount used, concentration of pH buffer solution, amount used may be adjusted as appropriate in the present invention. Those skilled in the art can carry out the present invention appropriately in accordance with the technical idea.
Although the present invention can be implemented on the basis of the above configuration, a more specific embodiment will be described.
[0014]
(Equilibrates the pH of the raw material during the contact treatment)
The pH buffering ability is allowed to act during the contact treatment of the target material with the pH buffer solution. In particular, during the contact treatment, the pH of the pH buffer solution is adjusted to, for example, 3.0 to 4.5, preferably 3.8 to 4.2 in the acid contact treatment, and 6.5 to 8 in the alkali contact treatment, for example. It is better to equilibrate at 0.0, preferably 6.8 to 7.2. When the pH of the buffer solution deviates to the neutral side in each treatment, the acid or alkali may not sufficiently act, and when it deviates to the acid side or alkali side, the taste of the raw material tends to be adversely affected. Therefore, by the above pH range, the quality of the raw material can be maintained and the acid or alkali can sufficiently act.
[0015]
Moreover, the acid content of the pH buffer solution used for the acid contact treatment is 0.1 to 3.0% by mass, and the buffer content is 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, whereas the pH used for the alkali contact treatment It is preferable that the alkali content of the buffer solution is 0.1 to 5.0% by mass and the content of the pH buffer is 0.1 to 5.0% by mass. Acids include lactic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, and buffer mixed with sodium lactate, sodium tartrate, sodium citrate, alkali as sodium bicarbonate, and buffer mixed with sodium citrate , Sodium glutamate is preferred respectively. The use ratio of the target raw material and the aqueous solution is preferably the latter one or more with respect to the former one by mass ratio.
Furthermore, the contact treatment can be performed by boiling using a pH buffer solution. For example, if the contact treatment is performed by boiling, it becomes an effective means for softening fish and shellfish and meat, and is particularly suitable for meat. The boil treatment conditions are 80 to 100 ° C., preferably 90 to 100 ° C., and 1 to 300 minutes, preferably 60 to 100 minutes.
[0016]
In addition, saccharides such as salt, sucrose, trehalose, etc. can be added to the pH buffer solution used for the boil treatment, and the content thereof should be 1 to 50% by mass. It is preferable when softening treatment is performed.
By the above processing, it becomes possible to allow acid or alkali to act without impairing the quality of the target raw material. In particular, when a seafood or meat is subjected to a contact treatment, it is effective because it has the effect of retaining water to soften the meat and maintain the taste.
[0017]
The pretreatment (contacting the pretreated target material to equilibrate the pH of the raw material during storage) refers to a treatment of bringing the target material into contact with an acid or alkali in advance before the contact treatment. The target raw material subjected to the pretreatment is contact treated with a pH buffer solution containing acid or alkali, and then mixed with the buffer solution and / or other raw materials for storage, the pH of the raw material during contact treatment or storage Equilibrate.
Examples of the pretreatment include immersion in an aqueous solution containing an alkali having a pH of 7.5 to 9, preferably 8.0 to 8.6. The alkali content of the aqueous solution is preferably 0.1 to 6.0% by mass. As the alkali, sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium phosphate are desirable. The use ratio of the target raw material and the aqueous solution is preferably the latter 1 to 5 with respect to the former by mass ratio. It is natural that the pretreatment can be performed by subjecting the target raw material to a pH buffer solution containing an acid or an alkali.
[0018]
As the contact treatment, for example, the raw material excluding the aqueous solution after the pretreatment as described above is sealed in a pH buffer solution containing an acid and a container, and can be heated (sterilized) as necessary. Save after processing. In this case, the pH of the pH buffer solution is, for example, 3.8 to 4.4, preferably 3.9 to 4.2 at the time of heating, and 3.8 to 6.4, preferably 3.9 to at the time of heating or storage. It is better to equilibrate at 6.2. Further, the acid content of the pH buffer solution is 0.01 to 2.0% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 0.8% by mass, and the buffer content is 0.01 to 5.0% by mass, preferably It is good to set it as 0.1-0.8 mass%. As the acid, citric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, and the buffer mixed therewith is preferably sodium citrate, sodium phosphate, or sodium acetate. The use ratio of the target raw material and the aqueous solution is desirably 0.4 to 2 with respect to the former with respect to the former by mass ratio.
In addition, saccharides such as salt, sucrose and trehalose can be added to the above pH buffer solution, and the content thereof should be 0.5 to 4.0% by mass. It is preferable when softening treatment is performed.
[0019]
In the case of performing the above heat treatment, for example, it is preferable to set the condition of F0 value of 25-30 at 120-125 ° C. for 30-60 minutes. That is, by mixing and heating the raw material with a buffer solution containing an acid, high sterilization efficiency can be obtained under relatively slow conditions.
The above treatment increases the sterilization efficiency and hardens the meat quality when pre-treating fish and shellfish, especially shellfish and meat, softening the meat quality, and then heating (sterilizing) it in contact with acid. In particular, it has the effect of maintaining the taste and is particularly effective.
[0020]
(Food containing processed food prepared in the present invention)
Processed foods prepared according to the above aspects, for example, high-quality seafood and meat with softened meat, and high-quality seafood and meat with softened meat used as raw materials for various foods can do. Retort foods and the like containing the above foods as raw materials have high quality and homogeneous performance because the raw materials are of high quality with stable pH.
[0021]
Furthermore, the specific aspect which prepares various foodstuffs using this invention is demonstrated.
(Manufacturing method of food heated under pressure)
After immersing the fish and shellfish using a pH buffer solution and performing acid contact treatment (preferably at pH 3.0 to 4.5) or alkali contact treatment (preferably at pH 6.5 to 8.5), draining Then, it is boiled or steamed and then housed in a container and subjected to pressure and heat treatment. Seafood may be stored in a container together with a pH buffer solution, water, and other foods. Examples of conditions for the pressure and heat treatment include 105 to 135 ° C. and a gauge pressure of 0.2 to 3.0 kg / cm 2 for about 3 to 60 minutes.
By the above method, when producing pressurized food such as retort food containing seafood, the expression of odor when the seafood contained in ingredients is heated under pressure is reduced. It becomes possible to produce pressurized and heated foods such as curry and stew that have been used with good flavor.
[0022]
(Manufacturing method of food heated under pressure)
Meat is immersed in a pH buffer solution and subjected to an alkali contact treatment (preferably at a pH of 6.5 to 8.5), then drained and heated under pressure, or pressurized in the immersed state. Heat treatment. The conditions for the pressure and heat treatment are the same as in the case of the food using the seafood. The meat can be subjected to pressure and heat treatment by direct contact with steam. The immersion treatment is preferably performed at 70 ° C. or less, more preferably 5 ° C. to 40 ° C., in order to improve the texture of meat that has been heat-treated by the action of alkali. From the same point, the immersion treatment may be performed for 15 minutes or more, and further for 1 hour to 20 hours.
According to this, it is excellent in the looseness of the fiber of the meat and the softness of the fiber itself, and the texture can be obtained that is much softer than the conventional heat-treated meat, as ingredients for retort foods, etc. It becomes possible to produce meat suitable for use and high-quality pressure-heated foods using the same.
[0023]
(Method of manufacturing instant noodles)
Boiled noodles are impregnated with an alkaline pH buffer solution (preferably pH 7.0 to 10.0), subjected to alkali contact treatment, and then dried to produce instant noodles.
Boiled noodles are obtained by boiling raw pasta, dry pasta, raw noodles, or a mixture of two or more types of dry noodles using hot water or the like. Although the degree of boiling can be set arbitrarily, it is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the texture of instant noodles to boil in hot water until the degree of alpha conversion is at least 60% or more and the water content is 50 to 80% by weight.
The amount impregnated with the alkaline solution is the noodles in an alkaline solution of 0.2 to 1.0 mol%, preferably 0.25 to 0.5 mol%, for 5 to 60 minutes, preferably 10 to 30 minutes. It may be an amount corresponding to the amount impregnated when immersed. Thereby, the hot water reversibility and the texture improvement effect are obtained. The drying method may be arbitrarily followed by a conventional method, and is preferably lyophilized.
According to this configuration, instant pasta and instant noodles that can be reheated in a short period of 1 to 3 minutes are provided. The instant noodles have a smooth surface and a smooth texture when reconstituted in hot water, and are excellent in texture with elasticity.
[0024]
(Liquid or pasty food made into pH buffer solution)
The liquid or pasty food is made into a pH buffer solution containing an acid or alkali derived from the raw material and a pH buffer having pH buffer action, and is configured to be buffered in an optimum pH range. Examples of food include curry sauce and soup. That is, the product is composed of a pH buffer solution. According to this structure, the liquid thru | or paste-like foodstuff which has the stable taste and can fully utilize the flavor of ingredients can be obtained.
[0025]
(Asaked seasoning made into pH buffer solution)
A shallow-pickled seasoning containing an acidulant, an acid of the acidulant and a pH buffer having a pH buffering action and having an acidic pH buffer solution (preferably having a pH of 4.0 to 4.8) is obtained. The shallow seasoning may be configured according to a conventional method, and the above pH buffer may be appropriately selected according to the acid to be used to achieve the above configuration. That is, the product is composed of a pH buffer solution. According to this structure, the shallow pickle seasoning which has a stable taste and can fully utilize the flavor of a raw material can be obtained.
[0026]
The present invention can also be achieved by performing various application modifications to the above configuration, and various foods can be prepared using various raw materials in addition to the above.
[0031]
【Example】
Example 1 (clam processing)
1000 g of the clam peeled was immersed in 30 g of a pH 8.40 aqueous solution containing 2.0% by mass of sodium citrate (pretreatment) for 30 minutes. A retort pouch was filled and sealed with 1320 g of clams from which the aqueous solution was separated and 650 g of pH buffer solution containing 0.6% by mass of citric acid, 0.6% by mass of sodium citrate, and 0.89% by mass of sodium chloride. For 45 minutes under the condition of F0 value 25, and the resulting pouched clam was stored at room temperature for 1 week. The pH of the buffer solution was 4.00 before heat treatment and 5.90 after storage.
The clams after storage had a yield of 83% by mass, a juicy, soft texture and a natural flavor.
[0032]
Comparative Example 1
A pouch-filled clam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the aqueous solution used for the heat treatment did not contain sodium citrate. The pH of the aqueous solution was 2.3 before heat treatment and 6.1 after storage. The clam after storage had a yield of 80% by mass and was softened to some extent, but a slightly sour taste was felt with a texture with a fibrous hardness.
[0033]
Example 2 (clam-filled retort food)
10 g of clam peel (obtained by opening the pouch and separating the aqueous solution) obtained in Example 1 and 180 g of pasta sauce were mixed and sealed in a retort pouch. Retort pasta sauce was obtained by heat sterilization under conditions. When eating this pasta sauce, the clams were of high quality with a juicy and soft texture.
[0036]
Reference Example 1 (Beat treated with alkali and heat-treated)
Frozen beef cut into 25 mm square rhinoids was thawed to obtain cut beef. next,
The cut beef was immersed in a pH buffer solution containing 0.5% by weight of sodium hydrogen carbonate at 5 ° C. and 2.5% of sodium citrate for 16 hours, and drained to obtain an alkali-treated cut meat. The pH of the buffer solution was 7.8 before the immersion treatment, 7.2 after the treatment, and changed in the range of 7.8 to 7.2 during the immersion treatment. Next, after putting the alkali-treated cut meat into a pressure kettle and sealing the kettle, pressurizing and heating for 30 minutes in 117 ° C hot water,
A heat-treated cut beef was obtained. The heat-treated beef thus obtained was of high quality with a texture that is moderately soft.
[0037]
Example 3 (heat-treated beef subjected to alkali contact treatment)
In the same manner as in Reference Example 1 above, cut beef having been subjected to alkali treatment was obtained on meat. Then, after the alkali-treated cut meat is immersed in the buffer solution used for the immersion treatment, it is placed in a pressure vessel, and the vessel is sealed, and then subjected to pressure heat treatment at 117 ° C. for 30 minutes, A heat-treated cut beef was obtained. The pH of the buffer solution was 7.8 before the pressure heat treatment, 7.0 after the treatment, changed in the range of 7.8 to 7.0 during the heat treatment, and 7. 7 after the storage for 3 months. 0. The heat-treated beef thus obtained was of high quality with a texture that is moderately soft.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to prepare a processed food by acting an acid or an alkali without impairing the quality. In addition, the processed food obtained by the present invention has a stable pH throughout the process of preparation or storage, and is excellent in quality. Furthermore, foods in containers, retort foods, and the like containing this processed food are also excellent in quality.

Claims (10)

予め酸若しくはアルカリと接触させて(以下事前処理という)得られた固形の対象原料を、酸若しくはアルカリと、これらとpH緩衝作用をもつ緩衝物とを含むpH緩衝溶液を用いて、当該酸と接触させて当該pH緩衝水溶液のpHを3.0〜4.5で平衡化させて加熱処理するか、あるいは当該アルカリと接触させて当該pH緩衝水溶液のpHを6.5〜8.0で平衡化させて加熱処理することを特徴とする加工食品の調製方法。In contact with the pre-acid or an alkali (hereinafter referred to as pre-processing) the target material of the resulting solid, by using an acid or alkali, the pH buffered water solution containing the buffering substance with these and pH buffer action, the acid The aqueous pH buffered solution is equilibrated at 3.0 to 4.5 and heated, or contacted with the alkali to adjust the pH of the aqueous pH buffered solution to 6.5 to 8.0. A method for preparing a processed food , which is equilibrated and heat-treated . 対象原料が魚介類、肉類からなる群から選ばれた1つ以上である請求項1記載の方法。 The method according to claim 1, wherein the target raw material is one or more selected from the group consisting of seafood and meat. 加熱処理として、対象原料をpH緩衝水溶液を用いてボイル処理して行うか、原料をpH緩衝水溶液と容器に密封して加熱処理するか、これらを合せて行う請求項1又は2項に記載の方法。The heat treatment is carried out by subjecting the target raw material to a boil treatment using a pH buffered aqueous solution, sealing the raw material in a pH buffered aqueous solution and a container, or performing the heat treatment together. Method. 該事前処理をアルカリを含む水溶液を用いて行う請求項1〜3の何れか1項に記載の方法。The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pretreatment is performed using an aqueous solution containing an alkali. 該加熱処理の後、必要により対象原料とpH緩衝水溶液を混合状態で保存する請求項1〜4の何れか1項に記載の方法。The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the target raw material and the pH buffered aqueous solution are stored in a mixed state as necessary after the heat treatment. 該事前処理を水溶液のpHが7.5〜9.0の範囲となるようにして行い、該保存中のpH緩衝水溶液のpHが3.8〜6.4の範囲となるようにする請求項5記載の方法。The pretreatment is performed such that the pH of the aqueous solution is in the range of 7.5 to 9.0, and the pH of the aqueous pH buffer solution during storage is in the range of 3.8 to 6.4. 5. The method according to 5. 該事前処理に用いる水溶液のアルカリ含有量が0.1〜6.0質量%で、The alkali content of the aqueous solution used for the pretreatment is 0.1 to 6.0% by mass,
該加熱処理に用いるpH緩衝水溶液の酸含有量が0.01〜2.0質量%で、緩衝物の含有量が0.01〜5.0質量%である請求項4記載の方法。The method according to claim 4, wherein the acid content of the aqueous pH buffer solution used for the heat treatment is 0.01 to 2.0 mass%, and the content of the buffer is 0.01 to 5.0 mass%.
加熱処理の加熱条件が120〜125℃で、30〜60分間、FThe heating conditions of the heat treatment are 120 to 125 ° C., 30 to 60 minutes, F 0 0 値25〜30である請求項1記載の方法。The method of claim 1 having a value of 25-30. 請求項1〜8の何れか1項に記載の方法によって得られた食品を含むレトルト食品。The retort food containing the foodstuff obtained by the method of any one of Claims 1-8. 請求項1〜8の何れか1項に記載の方法によって得られた食品を容器に充填密封してなる容器入り食品。A food in a container obtained by filling a container with the food obtained by the method according to claim 1.
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