JP3806990B2 - Manufacturing method of highly clean stainless steel - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of highly clean stainless steel Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3806990B2
JP3806990B2 JP26687196A JP26687196A JP3806990B2 JP 3806990 B2 JP3806990 B2 JP 3806990B2 JP 26687196 A JP26687196 A JP 26687196A JP 26687196 A JP26687196 A JP 26687196A JP 3806990 B2 JP3806990 B2 JP 3806990B2
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Prior art keywords
stainless steel
molten steel
refining
inclusions
addition
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JP26687196A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH10110212A (en
Inventor
行俊 大薮
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、非金属介在物の少ない高清浄ステンレス鋼を製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ステンレス鋼中に存在する非金属介在物は、熱間加工性の悪化、あるいは表面疵の発生の原因となり、ステンレス鋼の品質に及ぼす影響が大きい。したがって、非金属介在物の少ない高清浄のステンレス鋼を溶製することが大切である。
【0003】
一般に電気炉や転炉の溶解炉で溶解された溶鋼は、予備精錬された後精錬炉に移され、清浄化するためにアルゴン−酸素脱炭法(AOD)や真空−酸素脱炭法(VOD)等により酸化精錬および還元精錬による仕上げ精錬が施される。
【0004】
この溶鋼の清浄化は、主に還元精錬の際に進行する。還元精錬の際には、溶鋼に還元剤を添加し脱酸を行うと共に、塩基性スラグの下でアルゴン等の不活性ガスを溶鋼中に吹き込み、非金属介在物を浮上させて除去する処理が行われる。
【0005】
非金属介在物のより一層の無害化が必要な場合には、仕上げ精錬末期にCaの添加が行われる。Caの添加は、硫化物を球状化するような介在物の形態制御、熱間加工性の改善および溶鋼中の非金属介在物に起因するノズル閉塞の防止等の効果があることが知られている。
【0006】
特開昭61−84316号公報には、溶鋼を転炉から取鍋に出鋼し、取鍋内の溶鋼に30kg/分以上の速度でCaを添加することによって、添加処理時間の短縮、溶鋼の温度降下の防止し、Caの歩留を向上させる精錬方法が開示されている。このCaは、硫化物を球状化するために添加されている。しかし、この方法ではCaの歩留まりが向上するが、Caの添加条件が不明であり、非金属介在物の量を少なくし、その悪影響を除去する効果は期待できない。
【0007】
特公平7−91580号公報に、Alを30PPM以下、Oを60〜120PPMに精錬したステンレス溶鋼を取鍋に出鋼し、取鍋内の溶鋼に溶鋼重量の0.3%以上のCaO、CaF2 を主成分とするフラックスを不活性ガスとともに吹き込み、酸素濃度を十分低減した後、非金属介在物組成の微調整として、Ca量を溶鋼重量の0.01%以上添加することにより、Al23系およびCr23系非金属介在物の生成抑制、軟質化を図る方法が開示されている。しかし、適正なCaの投入量が不明であり、Ca系介在物が表面品質におよぼす悪影響を避けることはできない。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、仕上げ精錬で溶鋼中にCaを添加し、ステンレス鋼中の非金属介在物の量を低減し、表面疵の発生がなく、熱間加工性に優れた高清浄ステンレス鋼の製造方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、ステンレス鋼の熱間加工性の改善および介在物欠陥低減対策として、精錬時の溶鋼へのCa添加に注目し、種々検討を重ねた。その結果、一般に、CaはSをCaSとして結晶粒内に固定させ、熱間加工性を改善するために添加されるが、Ca添加量が少ない場合には、結晶粒界にMnSが偏析し熱間加工性を悪化させ、またCa添加量が多い場合には、Ca系介在物による表面欠陥の発生が認められた。しかし、Ca添加量を適当な量にすれば非金属介在物の量が極めて少なくなった。Caの添加量によって、介在物の生成形態が異なると考えられる。すなわち、溶鋼中の[Ca]/[T.O]の比が非金属介在物の単位当たりの面積の個数に関係しているとの知見を得るに至った。
【0010】
本発明は、このような知見に基づきなされたもので、その要旨は、
「ステンレス鋼の溶鋼の仕上げ精錬において、溶鋼中のトータル酸素濃度を重量%で、0.01%以下にし、次いで溶鋼中の[Ca]とトータル酸素[T.O]との比率[Ca]/[T.O]が、重量割合で0.3〜2.0となるようにCaを添加することを特徴とする高清浄ステンレス鋼の製造方法」にある。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1は、本発明の高清浄ステンレス鋼の製造方法を説明するためのブロック図である。
【0012】
電気炉や転炉等の溶解炉で溶解され、予備精錬された溶鋼は、仕上げ精錬炉に移され、除滓、真空脱炭および真空還元が施され(VOD法)、次いでCa合金またはCa含有ワイヤーによりCa添加が行われる。仕上げ精錬が終了すると、連続鋳造等によりスラブとなる。
【0013】
本発明者らは、Caとトータル酸素の関係を調べるために、上記の精錬工程で溶解に電気炉を用い、溶鋼中のCa量とトータル酸素との重量比、[Ca]/[T.O]を精錬の最終段階で0.01〜2.2の範囲で種々変わるように精錬を行った後、それぞれスラブに鋳造した。
【0014】
Caの添加は、Fe−CaワイヤとCa−Siワイヤを用いて、Ca添加量を変化させてCaと[T.O.]の比を変えた。なお、Ca添加量は、真空還元後にサンプリングをおこない、サンプルの[T.O]の分析値に基づいて決めた。また、Caの添加条件は以下の通りであった。
【0015】
添加前溶鋼温度:1580〜1540℃
添加速度 :300m/分
底吹きArガス流量:25Nリットル/分
撹拌時間 :25〜40分
スラブの幅方向中央部とエッジ部のそれぞれ表面と厚さ方向の中央から介在物個数測定用試験片を切り出し、光学顕微鏡で大きさが直径で5μm以上の介在物の個数を求めた(JIS G 0555の方法による)。
【0016】
図2は、測定された介在物の個数と[Ca]/[T.O]の関係を図にしたものである。
【0017】
同図から明らかなように、[Ca]/[T.O]が0.3〜2.0の範囲では、非金属介在物の数はcm2 当たり10個以下と極めて少ない。また、[Ca]/[T.O]が0.3未満になるとMnSの個数が増加し、一方[Ca]/[T.O]が2.0を超えるとCaOやCaSの個数が増加していた。
【0018】
上記のような試験の結果から、Ca添加後の精錬最終段階での溶鋼の[Ca]/[T.O]を0.3〜2.0と規定した。
【0019】
次に、溶鋼中のトータル酸素を重量%で、0.010%以下にするのは、0.010%を超えると充分な還元ができなく、かつCa歩留まりも不安定となり鋼の品質上好ましくないため、上限を0.010%とした。
【0020】
精錬は、Ca添加前にトータル酸素は化学分析によりおこない、その分析値、溶鋼温度、添加速度、底吹ガス流量および撹拌時間をもとにしてCaの添加量を求めて、[Ca]/[T.O]を目標値に調整する。
【0021】
なお、溶鋼は電気炉、転炉のどちらで溶製したものでも本発明の方法を適用することができる。また、ステンレス溶鋼は、フェライト系ステンレスやオーステナイト系ステンレス等のステンレスであればよい。また、精錬炉としてはAOD炉を用いることもできる。
【0022】
次に、実施例により、本発明の効果を説明する。
【0023】
【実施例】
ステンレス鋼の原料を、30トン電気炉で溶解し、次いで30トンVOD炉を使って真空脱炭および真空還元処理を行った。
【0024】
表1に精錬における化学成分の推移を示す。なお、Ca添加前のトータル酸素は0.0078%であった。
【0025】
【表1】

Figure 0003806990
【0026】
このように精錬された溶鋼にCaを18重量%含有ワイヤーを175Kg投入し[Ca]/[T.O]が1.0になるようにコントロールした。なお、Ca添加条件は下記の通りであった。
【0027】
添加前溶鋼温度:1550℃
添加速度 :300m/分
底吹きArガス流量:25Nリットル/分
撹拌時間 :35分
精錬終了後、連続鋳造により厚さ150mm、幅1050mm、長さ10000mmのスラブに鋳造した。スラブのトップ、中央およびボットムの各エッジと幅方向中央について表裏面と厚さ方向の中央部から介在物試験片を切り出し、光学顕微鏡により直径5μm以上の介在物の数をJIS G 0555の方法により求めた。
【0028】
図3は、スラブの各測定位置と非金属介在物個数とを図にしたものである。なお、非金属介在物の数は、エッジ、中央部の平均値である。
【0029】
図3から、明らかなようにスラブの部位に係わらず、介在物の個数は少なくなっている。またスラブを熱間圧延した後、表面疵発生状況を目視で調査したが、非金属介在物に起因する表面疵は皆無であった。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、従来の精錬設備で鋼中の非金属介在物の存在量を少なくすることができ、熱間加工割れおよび介在物による欠陥発生が抑制され、それによる歩留向上、品質向上など工業的価値は極めて大きい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明を実施するための精錬処理の略式説明図である。
【図2】スラブ中の非金属介在物個数と[Ca]/[T.O]との関係を示す図である。
【図3】実施例のスラブの部位と非金属介在物個数との関係そ示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing highly clean stainless steel with few non-metallic inclusions.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Non-metallic inclusions present in stainless steel cause deterioration of hot workability or generation of surface flaws, and have a great influence on the quality of stainless steel. Therefore, it is important to melt high-purity stainless steel with few non-metallic inclusions.
[0003]
In general, molten steel melted in a melting furnace of an electric furnace or converter is pre-refined and then transferred to a refining furnace for argon-oxygen decarburization (AOD) or vacuum-oxygen decarburization (VOD) for purification. ) Etc., finishing refining by oxidation refining and reduction refining is performed.
[0004]
This cleaning of molten steel proceeds mainly during reductive refining. In the refining process, a reducing agent is added to the molten steel to perform deoxidation, and an inert gas such as argon is blown into the molten steel under basic slag to lift and remove nonmetallic inclusions. Done.
[0005]
When further detoxification of non-metallic inclusions is necessary, Ca is added at the end of finishing refining. The addition of Ca is known to have effects such as shape control of inclusions that spheroidize sulfides, improvement of hot workability, and prevention of nozzle clogging caused by nonmetallic inclusions in molten steel. Yes.
[0006]
In JP-A-61-84316, molten steel is discharged from a converter to a ladle, and Ca is added to the molten steel in the ladle at a rate of 30 kg / min or more, thereby shortening the addition processing time. A refining method for preventing a temperature drop and improving the Ca yield is disclosed. This Ca is added to spheroidize the sulfide. However, although the yield of Ca is improved by this method, the addition condition of Ca is unknown, and the effect of reducing the amount of nonmetallic inclusions and removing the adverse effects cannot be expected.
[0007]
In Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 7-91580, a molten stainless steel refined to 30 PPM or less Al and 60 to 120 PPM O is put into a ladle, and the molten steel in the ladle contains CaO, CaF of 0.3% or more of the molten steel weight. After blowing the flux containing 2 as a main component together with an inert gas and sufficiently reducing the oxygen concentration, as a fine adjustment of the nonmetallic inclusion composition, by adding 0.01% or more of the weight of molten steel, Al 2 A method for suppressing generation and softening of O 3 -based and Cr 2 O 3 -based non-metallic inclusions is disclosed. However, the proper amount of Ca is unknown, and the adverse effect of Ca-based inclusions on the surface quality cannot be avoided.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention relates to a method for producing highly clean stainless steel that is excellent in hot workability by adding Ca to molten steel by finish refining, reducing the amount of non-metallic inclusions in stainless steel, generating no surface flaws It is an issue to provide.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention have made various studies focusing on the addition of Ca to molten steel during refining as measures for improving hot workability of stainless steel and reducing inclusion defects. As a result, Ca is generally added to fix S in the crystal grains as CaS and improve hot workability. However, when the amount of Ca added is small, MnS segregates at the grain boundaries and heat is added. When the inter-workability was deteriorated and the amount of Ca added was large, generation of surface defects due to Ca inclusions was observed. However, the amount of non-metallic inclusions is extremely reduced when the Ca addition amount is set to an appropriate amount. It is considered that the form of inclusions varies depending on the amount of Ca added. That is, [Ca] / [T. The inventors have found that the ratio of O] is related to the number of areas per unit of nonmetallic inclusions.
[0010]
The present invention has been made based on such findings, and the gist of the present invention is as follows.
“In the finish refining of molten steel of stainless steel, the total oxygen concentration in the molten steel is reduced to 0.01% or less by weight%, and then the ratio of [Ca] and total oxygen [TO] in the molten steel [Ca] / “T.O” is a method for producing highly clean stainless steel, characterized in that Ca is added so that the weight ratio is 0.3 to 2.0.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a block diagram for explaining a method for producing a highly clean stainless steel according to the present invention.
[0012]
Molten steel that has been melted and pre-refined in a melting furnace such as an electric furnace or converter is transferred to a finishing smelting furnace, subjected to decarburization, vacuum decarburization, and vacuum reduction (VOD method), and then contains a Ca alloy or Ca. Ca is added by a wire. When finishing refining is completed, a slab is formed by continuous casting or the like.
[0013]
In order to investigate the relationship between Ca and total oxygen, the present inventors used an electric furnace for melting in the above-described refining process, and the weight ratio between the amount of Ca in molten steel and total oxygen, [Ca] / [T. O] was refined so as to change variously within the range of 0.01 to 2.2 in the final stage of refining, and then cast into slabs.
[0014]
The addition of Ca is performed by changing the Ca addition amount using Fe—Ca wire and Ca—Si wire, and [T. O. ] Ratio was changed. The Ca addition amount was sampled after vacuum reduction, and [T. O] was determined based on the analysis value. Moreover, the addition conditions of Ca were as follows.
[0015]
Molten steel temperature before addition: 1580-1540 ° C
Addition speed: 300 m / min. Bottom blowing Ar gas flow rate: 25 N liters / min. Stirring time: 25-40 min. Specimens for measuring the number of inclusions from the center of the slab in the width direction center and edge, respectively, and in the thickness direction. The number of inclusions having a size of 5 μm or more in diameter was obtained by cutting with an optical microscope (according to the method of JIS G 0555).
[0016]
FIG. 2 shows the number of inclusions measured and [Ca] / [T. O] is illustrated.
[0017]
As is apparent from the figure, [Ca] / [T. When O] is in the range of 0.3 to 2.0, the number of non-metallic inclusions is extremely small at 10 or less per cm 2 . [Ca] / [T. When O] is less than 0.3, the number of MnS increases, while [Ca] / [T. When O] exceeded 2.0, the number of CaO and CaS increased.
[0018]
From the test results as described above, the [Ca] / [T. O] was defined as 0.3 to 2.0.
[0019]
Next, the total oxygen in the molten steel is 0.010% or less by weight%. If it exceeds 0.010%, sufficient reduction cannot be achieved and the Ca yield becomes unstable, which is not preferable in terms of steel quality. Therefore, the upper limit was made 0.010%.
[0020]
Refining is performed by chemical analysis of total oxygen before Ca addition, and the amount of Ca added is determined based on the analysis value, molten steel temperature, addition rate, bottom blowing gas flow rate and stirring time, and [Ca] / [ T.A. O] is adjusted to the target value.
[0021]
Note that the method of the present invention can be applied to molten steel produced by either an electric furnace or a converter. The molten stainless steel may be any stainless steel such as ferritic stainless steel or austenitic stainless steel. An AOD furnace can also be used as the refining furnace.
[0022]
Next, the effects of the present invention will be described with reference to examples.
[0023]
【Example】
The stainless steel raw material was melted in a 30-ton electric furnace, and then vacuum decarburized and vacuum-reduced using a 30-ton VOD furnace.
[0024]
Table 1 shows the transition of chemical components in refining. The total oxygen before addition of Ca was 0.0078%.
[0025]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003806990
[0026]
175 Kg of a wire containing 18% by weight of Ca was added to the refined molten steel in this way [Ca] / [T. O] was controlled to be 1.0. In addition, Ca addition conditions were as follows.
[0027]
Molten steel temperature before addition: 1550 ° C
Addition speed: 300 m / min Bottom blowing Ar gas flow rate: 25 N liters / min Stirring time: 35 min After finishing the refining, a continuous slab was cast into a slab having a thickness of 150 mm, a width of 1050 mm, and a length of 10,000 mm. The inclusion test pieces were cut out from the front and back surfaces and the thickness direction center of the top, center and bottom edge of the slab and the center in the width direction, and the number of inclusions having a diameter of 5 μm or more was determined by the method of JIS G 0555 with an optical microscope. .
[0028]
FIG. 3 shows each measurement position of the slab and the number of non-metallic inclusions. The number of non-metallic inclusions is the average value of the edge and the central part.
[0029]
As apparent from FIG. 3, the number of inclusions is reduced regardless of the slab part. Moreover, after the slab was hot-rolled, the occurrence of surface defects was visually examined, but there were no surface defects caused by non-metallic inclusions.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the amount of non-metallic inclusions in steel can be reduced with conventional refining equipment, and hot work cracking and defect generation due to inclusions are suppressed, thereby improving yield and improving quality. Industrial value is extremely high.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a refining process for carrying out the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the number of non-metallic inclusions in the slab and [Ca] / [T. It is a figure which shows the relationship with O].
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between a slab portion and the number of non-metallic inclusions in an example.

Claims (1)

ステンレス鋼の溶鋼の仕上げ精錬において、溶鋼中のトータル酸素濃度を重量%で、0.01%以下にし、次いで溶鋼中の[Ca]とトータル酸素[T.O]との比率[Ca]/[T.O]が、重量割合で0.3〜2.0となるようにCaを添加することを特徴とする高清浄ステンレス鋼の製造方法。In the finish refining of the molten steel of stainless steel, the total oxygen concentration in the molten steel is reduced to 0.01% or less by weight%, and then [Ca] and total oxygen [T. O] ratio [Ca] / [T. O] is added so that the weight ratio is 0.3 to 2.0.
JP26687196A 1996-10-08 1996-10-08 Manufacturing method of highly clean stainless steel Expired - Fee Related JP3806990B2 (en)

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JP3806990B2 true JP3806990B2 (en) 2006-08-09

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