JP3782959B2 - Automatic meshing method and apparatus for gear grinding machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, when the tool shaft to which the grinding tool engraved with the spiral strip is attached and the work shaft to which the workpiece is attached are driven to rotate synchronously and the workpiece is ground by the grinding tool, The present invention relates to a gear grinding machine automatic meshing method and apparatus for automatically meshing a grinding tool and a workpiece.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, a gear grinding machine is configured to rotate the tool shaft with a grinding tool engraved with a spiral line and a workpiece shaft with a workpiece synchronously, thereby rotating the workpiece with the grinding tool. It is comprised so that the tooth surface of the gear which is may be ground. In this case, in order to perform a highly accurate grinding process, it is necessary to accurately match the phases of the grinding tool and the workpiece.
[0003]
In view of this, the present applicant has proposed an automatic meshing device in a gear grinding machine capable of automatically and accurately meshing a grinding tool with a gear as a work (Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-38089).
[0004]
In this automatic meshing device, as shown in FIG. 7, a cutting table 4 is disposed on the bed 2 so as to be able to advance and retract in the direction of arrow A (cutting direction) via a cutting motor 6. A traverse table 8 is disposed on the cutting table 4 so as to be able to advance and retreat in an arrow B direction (traverse direction) orthogonal to the arrow A direction via a traverse motor 10. A workpiece W and a work sensor 12 are disposed on the traverse table 8. Arranged. The workpiece W is connected to the motor 14 via the electromagnetic clutch 16, and the workpiece sensor 12 optically detects the number of teeth when the workpiece W rotates to generate a predetermined pulse.
[0005]
A swivel table 20 is held on the bed 2 via a column 18. The swivel table 20 is swung in the direction of arrow C by a motor (not shown), and a shift table 22 is provided on the swivel table 20. The shift table 22 moves in the direction of arrow D via a shift motor 24, and a grindstone spindle unit 26 is mounted on the shift table 22. The grindstone spindle unit 26 includes a motor 28, and the grindstone 30 is rotationally driven via the motor 28.
[0006]
The grindstone spindle unit 26 includes a first pulse generator 32 for detecting the rotation of the grindstone 30, while a second pulse generator 34 for detecting the rotation of the motor 14 is attached to the traverse table 8. Yes.
[0007]
In such a configuration, first, with the electromagnetic clutch 16 released, the cutting motor 6 is energized and the cutting table 4 moves forward. At that time, the motor 28 is deenergized, and the grindstone 30 and the workpiece W are manually engaged to perform phase alignment.
[0008]
Next, the motor 28 is rotated at a low speed, and the motor 14 is rotationally driven in synchronism with this, whereby the grindstone 30 and the workpiece W are synchronously rotated. In this state, as shown in FIG. 8, the zero point (0 point) of the first pulse generator 32 is used as a starting point, and the number of A-phase pulses of the first pulse generator 32 is output from the work sensor 12. Count until. Then, based on the pulse count value from the first pulse generator 32, automatic phase matching between the grindstone 30 and the workpiece W is performed.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in this type of grinding process, the cutting motor 6 is energized and the cutting table 4 moves forward with the electromagnetic clutch 16 released as described above, and the grindstone 30 and the workpiece W are manually moved by the operator. Are phase-matched. For this reason, the problem that the initial phase alignment operation | work with the grindstone 30 and the workpiece | work W is not efficiently and automatically performed is pointed out.
[0010]
The present invention has been made to solve this kind of problem, a simple process and configuration, it is possible to align the grinding tool and the phase of the word click phase automatically and efficiently, the efficiency of the entire gear grinding process It is an object of the present invention to provide an automatic meshing method and apparatus for a gear grinding machine that can perform the above.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the automatic meshing method and apparatus of the gear grinding machine according to the present invention, the work shaft on which the work is attached is rotated at a second rotational speed that is lower than the first rotational speed when grinding the work. The phase difference between the rotation reference position of the workpiece axis and the detection position of the workpiece sensor that detects the tooth portion of the workpiece is detected.
[0012]
Next, the workpiece axis is rotated at the first rotation speed in synchronization with the tool axis, so that the phase difference between the rotation reference position of the workpiece axis and the rotation reference position of the tool axis is detected. Then, an initial teaching phase between the grinding tool and the workpiece is calculated from each phase difference detected in the first and second steps.
[0013]
In this way, when calculating the initial teaching phase between the grinding tool and the workpiece, first, the workpiece axis is rotated at the second rotational speed, which is a low-speed rotation that can accurately detect the tooth portion of the workpiece by the workpiece sensor. A general work sensor can be used effectively. Next, the workpiece axis is rotated at a first rotation speed that is synchronized with the tool axis and that rotates at a high speed. This makes it possible to automatically and efficiently calculate the initial teaching phase between the grinding tool and the workpiece that are rotated at high speed during grinding.
[0014]
Further, the workpiece to be processed is attached to the workpiece axis, each phase difference is detected in the same manner as described above, and the phase difference between the grinding tool and the workpiece to be processed is calculated from each phase difference . Therefore, the calculated phase difference, to match the initial teaching phase, ie, so as to correspond to the phase correction amount which is a difference between the calculated phase difference between the initial teaching phase, the work axis and / Alternatively, after the phase of the tool axis is corrected, the gear grinding process of the workpiece is started. Therefore, the tool axis can be rotated at high speed, and the machining lead time can be easily reduced.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an automatic meshing device 40 for carrying out an automatic meshing method of a gear grinding machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0016]
The gear grinding machine 42 to which the automatic meshing device 40 is applied is basically configured in the same manner as the gear grinding machine shown in FIG. 7, and on the bed 44, an arrow A direction (cutting direction) and an arrow B direction A movable table 46 capable of moving back and forth in the traverse direction is arranged. A work shaft motor 48 is attached to the movable table 46, and a work W is attached to a work shaft 50 of the work shaft motor 48. The rotation of the workpiece axis motor 48 is detected via the workpiece axis encoder 52, and the workpiece axis encoder 52 outputs a Z-phase pulse and an A-phase pulse, which are rotation reference positions of the workpiece axis 50.
[0017]
A tool column motor 56 is mounted on the swivel column 54 provided on the bed 44 so as to be capable of swiveling in the direction of arrow C and reciprocating in the direction of arrow D. A grinding tool 60 is attached. A tool axis encoder 62 is connected to the tool axis motor 56. In the vicinity of the workpiece W, a workpiece sensor 64 that generates, for example, a predetermined pulse by magnetically detecting the number of teeth when the workpiece W rotates is disposed.
[0018]
When the tool shaft 58 is rotated at a rotational speed (for example, 6,000 rpm) when grinding the workpiece W, the workpiece shaft 50 is, for example, when the workpiece W is a spur gear and the number of teeth is 60 (60T). It is rotated 100% synchronously at 100 rpm (first rotation speed). The automatic meshing device 40 detects the rotation reference position of the workpiece shaft 50 and the workpiece sensor 64 when the workpiece shaft 50 is synchronously rotated at a second rotation speed (for example, 50% synchronized with the tool shaft 58) at 50 rpm. When the first detector 70 for detecting a phase difference from the position and the work shaft 50 are rotated at a first rotation speed of 100 rpm in 100% synchronization with the tool shaft 58, the rotation reference position of the work shaft 50 and the A second detector 72 that detects a phase difference from the rotation reference position of the tool shaft 58 and the initial phase difference between the grinding tool 60 and the workpiece W from the phase differences detected by the first and second detectors 70 and 72. And an arithmetic circuit 74 for calculating a teaching phase.
[0019]
The first detector 70 receives a Z-phase pulse that is a rotation reference position of the work shaft 50 from the work axis encoder 52, and receives a work sensor pulse from the work sensor 64. The output of the first flip-flop 76 and the A-phase pulse of the work axis encoder 52 are input, the first AND circuit 78 functioning as a count gate, and the number of pulses output from the first AND circuit 78 are counted. And a first counter 80 for sending the phase data to the arithmetic circuit 74.
[0020]
The second detector 72 receives a Z-phase pulse that is the rotation reference position of the workpiece axis 50 from the workpiece axis encoder 52 and also receives a Z-phase pulse that is the rotation reference position of the tool axis 58 from the tool axis encoder 62. The second flip-flop 82 inputted, the output of the second flip-flop 82, and the A-phase pulse of the work axis encoder 52 are inputted, and a second AND circuit 84 functioning as a count gate, And a second counter 86 that counts the number of pulses output from the AND circuit 84 and sends the phase data to the arithmetic circuit 74.
[0021]
The arithmetic circuit 74 is a function of a central processing unit (hereinafter referred to as “CPU”) 87, and this CPU 87 sends a servo speed command to the work axis motor 48 via an amplifier 88 and is provided with a memory 90.
[0022]
The operation of the automatic meshing device 40 configured as described above will be described below in relation to the gear grinding machine 42.
[0023]
First, when the workpiece axis motor 48 and the tool axis motor 56 are rotationally driven in synchronization, pulse outputs from the workpiece axis encoder 52, the tool axis encoder 62, and the workpiece sensor 64 are, for example, a time chart shown in FIG. As obtained. At this time, the phase difference P between the grinding tool 60 and the workpiece W is the number of pulses (A phase) of the workpiece axis encoder 52 between the output position of the Z phase pulse of the tool axis encoder 62 and the detection position of the workpiece sensor 64. Pulse count). However, when the tool shaft 58 rotates at a high speed, it is difficult to detect the tooth portion of the workpiece W by the normal workpiece sensor 64.
[0024]
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the work shaft 50 is rotated at a low speed to detect the phase difference P1 between the rotation reference position of the work shaft 50 and the detection position of the work sensor 64, and the work shaft 50 is used as the tool shaft 58. synchronously rotated at a high speed, by a step of detecting a phase difference P2 between the rotation reference position of the rotation reference position and the tool axis 58 of the workpiece axis 50, the phase difference P of the grinding tool 60 and the workpiece W It is to be detected (see FIGS. 3 and 4).
[0025]
Furthermore, this embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
[0026]
First, in a state where the workpiece W is engaged with the grinding tool 60, the workpiece W is clamped to the workpiece shaft 50 (step S1). After the movable table 46 is moved rearward in the cutting direction and the workpiece W is retracted from the grinding tool 60 (step S2), the process proceeds to step S3, and the tool shaft 58 rotates at high speed under the drive action of the tool shaft motor 56. Rotated at a speed (eg, 6,000 rpm).
[0027]
Next, a servo speed command is sent from the CPU 87 to the amplifier 88. For this reason, the work shaft motor 48 is driven, and the work shaft 50 is driven to rotate at a second rotation speed (for example, 50 rpm) lower than the first rotation speed (for example, 100 rpm) in synchronization with the tool shaft 58. (Step S4). The second rotation speed is set to a rotation speed at which the workpiece sensor 64 can detect the tooth portion of the workpiece W. Further, when it is confirmed that the workpiece axis 50 is rotating 50% synchronously with the tool axis 58 at the second rotation speed (YES in step S5), the process proceeds to step S6 and the first counter 80 is reset. (clear.
[0028]
Next, in the first detector 70, the Z-phase pulse is input from the work axis encoder 52 to the first flip-flop 76 and the work sensor pulse is input from the work sensor 64. For this reason, in the first counter 80, as shown in FIG. 3, A is generated from the workpiece axis encoder 52 between the detection time of the Z-phase pulse from the workpiece axis encoder 52 and the detection time of the workpiece sensor 64. The number of phase pulses is counted as the phase difference P1.
[0029]
Therefore, when it is confirmed by the status signal that the counting is completed (YES in step S7), the count value of the phase difference P1 by the first counter 80 is read into the arithmetic circuit 74 (step S8). Further, the workpiece axis motor 48 is controlled, and the workpiece axis 50 is rotated at the first rotation speed 100% in synchronization with the tool axis 58 (step S9).
[0030]
Next, when it is confirmed that the workpiece axis 50 is rotated 100% synchronously with the tool axis 58 (YES in step S10), the process proceeds to step S11, and the second counter 86 is reset (cleared). In the second detector 72, the respective Z-phase pulses are input to the second flip-flop 82 from the work axis encoder 52 and the tool axis encoder 62. As a result, in the second counter 86, as shown in FIG. 4, during the period from the detection time of the Z phase pulse of the work axis encoder 52 to the detection time of the Z phase pulse of the tool axis encoder 62, the work axis encoder The number of 52 A-phase pulses is counted as the phase difference P2.
[0031]
When the count ends with the above status signal (YES in step S12), the process proceeds to step S13, and the count value of the phase difference P2 by the second counter 86 is read by the arithmetic circuit 74. In the arithmetic circuit 74, by calculated from the phase difference P1 pull the phase difference P2, the phase difference P of the grinding tool 60 and the workpiece W is obtained (step S14), and the memory 90 the phase difference P as the initial teaching phase data (Step S15).
[0032]
As described above, in this embodiment, when calculating the initial teaching phase between the grinding tool 60 and the workpiece W, first, the workpiece shaft 50 can detect the tooth portion of the workpiece W accurately by the workpiece sensor 64. It is rotating at the second rotation speed that is. For this reason, the phase difference P1 between the rotation reference position of the workpiece shaft 50 and the detection position of the workpiece W is detected with high accuracy using the normal workpiece sensor 64.
[0033]
Next, the work shaft 50 is rotated at a first rotational speed that is a high-speed rotation 100% in synchronization with the tool shaft 58, whereby the rotation reference position of the work shaft 50 and the rotation reference position of the tool shaft 58 are A phase difference P2 is detected. Then, by calculation from the phase difference P1 pull the phase difference P2, the initial teaching phase data and the grinding tool 60 and the workpiece W to be rotated at a high speed (phase difference P) is automatically and efficiently calculated.
[0034]
Thereby, in this embodiment, the initial teaching phase data of the grinding tool 60 and the workpiece W, which are rotated at high speed during grinding, are automatically and reliably detected using the normal workpiece sensor 64. For this reason, the grinding tool 60 can be easily rotated at a high speed, and the efficiency of the entire grinding process can be improved with a simple process and configuration.
[0035]
In FIG. 5, with the tool shaft 58 rotated at a high rotational speed (eg, 6,000 rpm) (step S3), the work shaft 50 is synchronized with the tool shaft 58 by 50% in the first rotational speed. The tool shaft 58 is rotated at a second rotation speed (for example, 50 rpm) lower than (for example, 100 rpm) (step S4). Does not have to be rotated. Then, the tool shaft 58 may be rotated at high speed only when the workpiece shaft 50 is rotated at the first rotation speed.
[0036]
Next, after the initial teaching phase data between the grinding tool 60 and the workpiece W is calculated as described above, a method for automatically meshing the workpiece W to be machined with the grinding tool 60 will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. explain.
[0037]
First, the tool shaft 58 is rotated at a high speed at a first rotational speed that is a grinding speed (step S21), and the workpiece W is clamped to the workpiece shaft 50 (step S22). Then, the workpiece shaft 50 is rotated at a second rotational speed lower than the first rotational speed in synchronization with the tool shaft 58 by 50% (step S23). Further, similarly to steps S5 to S8 shown in FIG. 5, the phase difference P1 ′ between the rotation reference position of the workpiece shaft 50 and the detection position of the workpiece sensor 64 is detected and read into the arithmetic circuit 74 (steps S24 to S27). .
[0038]
In step S28, the workpiece shaft 50 is rotated in the same manner as in steps S9 to S13 in FIG. 5 in a state where the workpiece shaft 50 is rotated 100% in synchronization with the tool shaft 58 and at the first rotation speed that is normal rotation. The phase difference P2 ′ between the reference position and the rotation reference position of the tool shaft 58 is read into the arithmetic circuit 74 (steps S28 to S32). Initial process then proceeds to step S33, by calculation pull the 'phase difference P2 from' the phase difference P1, 'after is calculated, the phase difference P' phase difference P between the grinding tool 60 and the workpiece W and A difference D from the teaching phase data (phase difference P) is calculated (step S34).
[0039]
Therefore, the workpiece axis 50 (or the tool axis 58) is corrected out of synchronization in the direction in which the phase correction amount (D value) becomes 0, so that the phase alignment between the grinding tool 60 and the workpiece W is performed ( Step S35). Furthermore, when the workpiece W cuts and traverses, the machining cycle of the workpiece W by the grinding tool 60 is started (step S36).
[0040]
After the above machining cycle is completed, the synchronization between the tool axis 58 and the workpiece axis 50 is released, and the workpiece axis 50 is stopped (step S37). Then, the ground workpiece W is removed from the workpiece shaft 50 (step S38), and the above process is repeated until a predetermined grinding process is completed (step S39).
[0041]
Thus, in the present embodiment, the workpiece W to be ground is attached to the workpiece shaft 50, and the phase difference P ′ between the workpiece W and the grinding tool 60 is calculated in the same manner as the initial teaching phase calculation step. The Next, the phase correction amount that is the difference between the calculated phase difference P ′ and the initial teaching phase data (phase difference P), that is, the difference between the phase difference P ′ and the initial teaching phase data (phase difference P). The phase of the workpiece axis 50 or the tool axis 58 is corrected by shifting the synchronization in the direction in which the (D value) becomes zero. Therefore, the phase of each workpiece W to be processed can be accurately and quickly adjusted with respect to the grinding tool 60 that is rotated at high speed during grinding, and the effect that the processing lead time can be easily reduced can be obtained. .
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
In the automatic meshing method and apparatus of the gear grinding machine according to the present invention, it is possible to automatically and accurately detect the phase difference between the grinding tool and the workpiece that are rotated at high speed during grinding using a normal workpiece sensor. The initial teaching phase between the grinding tool and the workpiece can be calculated effectively and efficiently with a simple process and configuration.
[0043]
Further, after the phase difference between the workpiece to be machined and the grinding tool is calculated, the phase of the workpiece axis and / or the tool axis is corrected so that the calculated phase difference matches the initial teaching phase, The workpiece grinding process is started. As a result, the tool axis can be rotated at high speed, and the machining lead time can be easily reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an automatic meshing device for carrying out an automatic meshing method of a gear grinding machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a time chart for detecting a phase by a work axis encoder, a tool axis encoder, and a work sensor.
FIG. 3 is a time chart for detecting a phase difference between a rotation reference position of a workpiece axis and a detection position of a workpiece sensor.
FIG. 4 is a time chart for detecting a phase difference between a rotation reference position of the workpiece axis and a rotation reference position of the tool axis.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart for calculating initial teaching phase data.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart for automatically engaging a workpiece to be machined with a tool.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory perspective view of a gear grinding machine according to the prior art.
FIG. 8 is a time chart of an automatic meshing method of a gear grinding machine according to the prior art.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 40 ... Automatic meshing device 42 ... Gear grinding machine 48 ... Work axis motor 50 ... Work axis 52 ... Work axis encoder 56 ... Tool axis motor 58 ... Tool axis 60 ... Grinding tool 62 ... Tool axis encoder 64 ... Work sensor 70, 72 ... Detector 74 ... Arithmetic circuits 76, 82 ... Flip-flops 78, 84 ... AND circuits 80, 86 ... Counter 88 ... Amplifier 90 ... Memory

Claims (4)

Rotating the tool axis when grinding the workpiece with the grinding tool by rotating the tool axis with the grinding tool engraved with spirals and the workpiece axis with the workpiece synchronized in rotation. and the reference position, seeking initial teaching phase is the phase difference between the detected position of the workpiece sensor detects the teeth of the workpiece, automatic gear grinding machine for automatically engaged and the said grinding tool work A meshing method,
The workpiece shaft is rotated at a second rotational speed that is lower than the first rotational speed when grinding the workpiece, and a rotation reference position of the workpiece axis and a detection position of a workpiece sensor that detects a tooth portion of the workpiece. A first step of detecting a phase difference between
A second step of detecting the phase difference between the rotation reference position of the workpiece axis and the rotation reference position of the tool axis by rotating the workpiece axis in synchronization with the tool axis and at the first rotation speed;
A third step of calculating an initial teaching phase between the tool and the workpiece from each phase difference detected in the first and second steps;
An automatic meshing method for a gear grinding machine, comprising: In the automatic meshing method according to claim 1,
The phase difference in the first step is based on the number of pulses of a work axis encoder that generates a pulse along with the rotation of the work axis, from the rotation reference position of the work axis to the detection position of the work sensor. In between, it is counted and detected by the number of pulses emitted from the work axis encoder,
The phase difference in the second step is generated from the work axis encoder between the rotation reference position of the work axis and the rotation reference position of the tool axis based on the number of pulses of the work axis encoder. To detect by counting the number of pulses
The initial teaching position in the third step is calculated by subtracting the phase difference detected in the second step from the phase difference detected in the first step. Automatic meshing method of the machine. In the automatic meshing method according to claim 1 or 2 , a fourth step of detecting each phase difference by attaching a workpiece to be processed to the workpiece shaft and performing the first and second steps;
A fifth step of calculating a phase difference between the tool and the workpiece to be machined from each phase difference detected in the fourth step;
A sixth correction is made to correct the phase of the workpiece axis and / or the tool axis so that the phase difference calculated in the fifth step matches the initial teaching phase calculated in the third step. Process,
An automatic meshing method for a gear grinding machine, comprising: Rotating the tool axis when grinding the workpiece with the grinding tool by rotating the tool axis with the grinding tool engraved with spirals and the workpiece axis with the workpiece synchronized in rotation. and the reference position, seeking initial teaching phase is the phase difference between the detected position of the workpiece sensor detects the teeth of the workpiece, automatic gear grinding machine for automatically engaged and the said grinding tool work A meshing device,
The automatic meshing device rotates the tool shaft at a first rotation speed at the time of grinding the workpiece and at a second rotation speed lower than the first rotation speed at the time of grinding the workpiece. when for the rotation, a first detector for detecting a phase difference between the detected position of the workpiece sensor for detecting a rotational reference position of the workpiece axis, the teeth of the workpiece,
When for rotating the workpiece axis in a synchronized and the first rotation speed to the tool axis, and the rotation reference position of the workpiece axis, and a second detector for detecting a phase difference between the rotation reference position of the tool axis ,
An arithmetic circuit for calculating an initial teaching phase between the tool and the workpiece from each phase difference detected by the first and second detectors;
An automatic meshing device for a gear grinding machine, comprising:

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