JP3752164B2 - Method and apparatus for separating different material laminates - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a separation method and apparatus for separating different material laminates in which a plurality of sheets made of metal materials and sheets made of organic materials are laminated and oils and fats are interposed between the laminates. It is effective when applied to a case where the contaminated capacitor element is separated into a metal material such as aluminum foil and an organic material such as plastic film or insulating paper.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, PCB (Polychlorinated biphenyl, a generic name for chlorinated isomers of biphenyl) is strongly toxic, and its production and import are prohibited. Although this PCB was manufactured in Japan from around 1954, the adverse effects on the living body and the environment became apparent after the Kanemi oil affairs incident. In 1972, instructions for discontinuation of production and collection (duty of storage) were issued by administrative guidance. There is a history that was done.
[0003]
PCB has 1 to 10 chlorine atoms substituted on the biphenyl skeleton, and there are theoretically 209 types of isomers depending on the number and position of substituted chlorines. Currently, there are about 100 or more types of isomers in commercially available PCB products. The body has been confirmed. In addition, since the physical and chemical properties among these isomers, in-vivo stability, and environmental moving bodies are diverse, the chemical analysis of PCBs and the mode of environmental pollution are complicated. Furthermore, PCB is one of the persistent organic pollutants and has the property that it is difficult to be decomposed in the environment, is fat-soluble, has a high bioconcentration rate, and is semi-volatile and can be transferred via the atmosphere. In addition, it has been reported to remain in the environment such as water and living things.
[0004]
This PCB was designated as a specially managed waste based on the Waste Disposal, Waste Oil containing PCB, and PCB Contaminant in 1997 (Heisei 4), and further in 1997 (Heisei 9). Wood waste and fiber waste were additionally designated as PCB contaminants.
[0005]
Electrical equipment to be processed PCBs includes high-voltage transformers, high-voltage capacitors, low-voltage transformers / condensers, and pole transformers. As waste PCBs, those used for the heat medium are those used as insulating oil. There are kerosene etc. used for cleaning, and as waste pressure sensitive paper, there are capsule oils used for carbonless paper, furthermore, use of these PCBs or replacement of heat medium, regeneration of insulating oil, purification of leakage, There are PCB pollutants such as activated carbon used in the treatment of PCB-containing materials, waste white clay, waste wastes, and work clothes. Currently, these are strictly stored, but immediate PCB processing is desired.
[0006]
In recent years, various techniques for processing PCBs used in such transformers have been developed. For example, a technique described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-79531 is known. FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of the PCB processing method according to the above proposal.
[0007]
As shown in FIG. 7, first, oil is extracted from the transformer in which the PCB is enclosed (S901), and the PCB adhering to the inside is removed by solvent cleaning (S902) and recovered (S903). The solvent after washing is decomposed together with the oil extracted from the transformer (S904) and rendered harmless.
[0008]
Next, the oil-removed transformer is dried and PCB is evaporated by high-temperature and normal-pressure heating in the absence of oxygen (S905) to prevent the PCB from scattering. Then, the dried transformer is disassembled (S906), and the case and the transformer core are separated. The case is used as a scrap source for an electric furnace or converter (S907). On the other hand, the transformer core has its copper coil cut by a mobile shear or the like and separated into a coil wire and an iron core (S908).
[0009]
The separated iron core is melted and recovered in a melting furnace (S909). Further, the separated metal inorganic material such as the copper coil and the organic material such as paper attached thereto are melted in an induction heating furnace (S910). The molten copper is recovered, and the PCB gas generated in each melting furnace is rendered harmless by high-temperature pyrolysis at 1200 ° C. (S911).
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional PCB processing method as described above, since various components (objects to be processed) of metal materials and organic materials are melted to decompose the PCB, not only the equipment becomes large-scale, but also a great deal of Thermal energy is required, and the initial cost and running cost are high.
[0011]
For this reason, it is considered that the metal material member and the organic material member are separated and individually processed. However, for example, separating the capacitor element into a metal material such as an aluminum foil and an organic material such as a plastic film or insulating paper is very troublesome and the working efficiency becomes very poor.
[0012]
Such a problem is not limited to the case where the above-described capacitor elements are separated, and a plurality of sheets made of metal materials and sheets made of organic materials are laminated, and different types of oil and fat are interposed between the laminated layers. In the case of separating the material laminate, this could happen in the same manner as described above.
[0013]
For this reason, the present invention is a method in which a plurality of metal material sheets and organic material sheets are laminated, and a different material laminate in which oils and fats are interposed between the laminates can be easily separated. And an apparatus for the same.
[0017]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  To solve the above-mentioned problems,FirstoneThe method for separating different material laminates according to the second invention is that a plurality of sheets of aluminum foil, resin material sheets and insulating paper are laminated on a PCB-contaminated capacitor, and PCB oil adheres between the laminates. A method for separating different material laminates, wherein a degreasing step of removing the PCB oil from the different material laminate by a degreasing liquid, and placing the degreased different material laminate in mineral oil A resin material deformation step of thermally shrinking the sheet made of material into a lump, a first separation step of separating the aluminum foil and the insulating paper and the lump made of resin material by a mesh, the aluminum foil and A second fractionation step in which the aluminum foil is floated by surface tension by placing the insulating paper in water, and the insulating paper is allowed to settle. That.
[0019]
  FirsttwoThe method for separating different material laminates according to the second invention is that a plurality of sheets of aluminum foil, resin material sheets and insulating paper are laminated on a PCB-contaminated capacitor, and PCB oil adheres between the laminates. A method of separating different material laminates, wherein a degreasing step of removing the PCB oil from the different material laminate with a degreasing liquid, and placing the degreased different material laminate in mineral oil.HeatA resin material dissolving step for dissolving the sheet made of a resin material in the mineral oil, and taking out the aluminum foil and the insulating paper from the mineral oil and placing them in water, whereby the aluminum foil has a surface tension. And a separation step of allowing the insulating paper to settle.
[0022]
  FirstthreeThe method for separating different material laminates according to the second invention is the firstOrFirsttwoThe second inventionInThe degreasing liquid is made of at least one of alcohol, hydrocarbon, and halogenated hydrocarbon.
[0028]
  In addition, to solve the above-mentioned problems,FirstFourThe separation device for different material laminates according to the second invention is a device in which a plurality of aluminum foil, resin material sheets and insulating paper are laminated on a PCB-contaminated capacitor, and PCB oil adheres between the laminates. And a degreasing means for storing a degreasing liquid therein, the degreasing material stack being placed therein, and removing the PCB oil from the dissimilar material stack; The oil material is stored inside, and the degreased dissimilar material laminate is placed inside, so that the sheet made of resin material is thermally shrunk into a lump, and provided in the resin material deformation means A first separation means for separating the aluminum foil, the insulating paper, and the lump made of resin material by a mesh; and the aluminum stored in the interior and separated by the first separation means. And by the insulating paper is placed in the interior, while floated by surface tension of the aluminum foil, characterized by comprising a second acceptance means for settling the insulating paper.
[0030]
  FirstFiveThe separation device for different material laminates according to the second invention is a device in which a plurality of aluminum foil, resin material sheets and insulating paper are laminated on a PCB-contaminated capacitor, and PCB oil adheres between the laminates. And a degreasing means for storing a degreasing liquid therein, the degreasing material stack being placed therein, and removing the PCB oil from the dissimilar material stack; Oil storage insideAnd heating the mineral oilThe degreased laminate of dissimilar materials is put inside, so that the sheet made of resin material is put into the mineral oil.HeatResin material dissolving means for dissolving, water is stored inside, and the dissimilar material laminate in which the sheet made of resin is dissolved by the resin material dissolving means is put inside, so that the aluminum foil is brought into contact with surface tension. And a separating means for allowing the insulating paper to settle while being floated.
[0033]
  FirstSixAccording to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a separating apparatus for different material laminates.FourThOrFirstFiveThe second inventionInThe degreasing liquid is made of at least one of alcohol, hydrocarbon, and halogenated hydrocarbon.
[0036]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of a method for separating different material laminates and an apparatus therefor according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
[0037]
[First embodiment]
A first embodiment in which the method and apparatus for separating different material laminates according to the present invention is applied to the separation of PCB-contaminated capacitor elements will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a separation apparatus, FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a capacitor, FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a method for treating a PCB-contaminated capacitor, and FIG. 4 is an overall configuration diagram of a hazardous substance processing system. is there.
[0038]
[Capacitor]
First, a schematic configuration of a capacitor to which PCB is applied as insulating oil will be described with reference to FIG.
[0039]
As shown in FIG. 2, the capacitor 20 is filled in a container 25 in a state where a plurality of elements 21 bundled by a fixing band 23 via a press board 22 are covered with insulating paper 24, and PCB oil is sealed. It is sealed and sealed inside from the inlet 25a. In FIG. 5, 27 is a ground terminal, 28 is a high voltage terminal, and 29 is an insulator. The element 21 is composed of aluminum foil, insulating paper, plastic film, spacers, and the like. A general capacitor has a capacitance range of several to 500 kvar, and can be processed in the entire range in the present invention.
[0040]
[Separation device]
Next, a schematic configuration of the sorting apparatus will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, above degreasing tank 110, hydrocarbons such as light oil and kerosene (for example, NS100 (trade name), etc.), alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons (for example, alternative chlorofluorocarbons such as AK225 (trade name)). A degreasing liquid supply device 111 for supplying the degreasing liquid 1 made of at least one of the above into the degreasing tank 110 is provided. A stirring blade 112 that can be driven to rotate is provided below the degreasing tank 110. Inside the degreasing tank 110, a bracket 110a for supporting a holding case 101 made of wire mesh is attached. A discharge valve 113 is connected to the lower part of the degreasing tank 110.
[0041]
A separation tank 120 is disposed in the vicinity of the degreasing tank 110. Above the separation tank 120 is a relatively large specific gravity (1.2 or more) such as halogenated hydrocarbons such as trichlorethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and alternative chlorofluorocarbons, and aqueous salt solutions such as sodium bromide aqueous solution and calcium nitrate aqueous solution. A separation liquid supply device 121 for supplying the separation liquid 2 into the separation tank 120 is provided. A stirring blade 122 that can be driven to rotate is provided below the inside of the separation tank 120. A bracket 120 a that supports the holding casing 101 is attached to the inside of the sorting tank 120. A discharge valve 123 is connected to the lower part of the sorting tank 120. Above the sorting tank 120, a scooping net 124 that is movable along the surface of the sorting liquid 2 in the sorting tank 120 is disposed.
[0042]
In this embodiment, the degreasing tank 110, the degreasing liquid supply device 111, the stirring blade 112, the discharge valve 113, and the like constitute degreasing means, and the separation tank 120, the separation liquid supply device 121, the stirring blade 122, and the discharge valve. The sorting means is constituted by 123 and the like.
[0043]
[PCB processing method]
Next, a case where the sorting apparatus 100 is incorporated in a PCB processing system and the capacitor 20 is rendered harmless will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0044]
As shown in FIG. 3, first, the PCB oil of the received capacitor 20 is drained (S201), and rough cleaning is performed to reduce the residual PCB level (S202). Subsequently, the roughly cleaned capacitor 20 is disassembled and divided into organic materials such as paper and wood, the element 21, and other metals (cases, etc.), insulators 29, etc. (S203). The element 21 of the capacitor 20 generally has a structure in which an aluminum foil electrode, a plastic film such as polyethylene, and a laminate of insulating paper are wound. The element 21 is cut into a strip having a predetermined size (S204).
[0045]
Next, the cut element 21 is put into the holding casing 101, the holding casing 101 is placed in the degreasing tank 110 of the sorting apparatus 100, and the element 21 is immersed in the degreasing liquid 1. Subsequently, when the degreasing liquid 1 is agitated by driving and rotating the stirring blade 112, the PCB oil that is the oil and fat that enters between the stacked layers of the elements 21 is removed by the degreasing liquid 1, and the elements 21 are contained in the holding housing 101. Thus, the aluminum foil 21a, which is a sheet made of a metal material, the plastic film 21b, which is a sheet made of a resin material, and the insulating paper 21c, which is a sheet made of paper, are separated into layers (degreasing step).
[0046]
When the PCB oil is removed from between the layers 21 a to 21 c of the strip-shaped element 21 in this way, the holding casing 101 is transferred into the separation tank 120, and the element 21 separated into the layers 21 a to 21 c is separated into the separation liquid 2. After being immersed therein, the stirring blade 122 is driven and rotated, and the separation liquid 2 is stirred so that the layers 21a to 21c of the element 21 are adapted to the separation liquid 2. After the predetermined time has elapsed, when the rotation of the stirring blade 122 is stopped and the separation liquid 2 is allowed to stand, the specific gravity (1.2 or more) of the separation liquid 2 is equal to the specific gravity (2.7) of the aluminum foil 21a and the plastic film 21b. Since the value is between the specific gravity (1 or less) and the specific gravity of the insulating paper 21c (around 1), the aluminum foil 21 settles to the bottom of the holding housing 101, while the plastic film 21b is separated in the separation tank 120. The insulating paper 21c floats on the interface of the liquid 2 and floats above the middle of the separating liquid 2 in the sorting tank 120 in the height direction.
[0047]
Here, the plastics film 21b and the insulating paper 21c floating above the middle of the separation tank 120 are scooped out from the separation tank 120 by the scooping net 124, while the holding casing 101 is taken out from the separation tank 102. Then, by taking out the aluminum foil 21a (S205), it is possible to easily separate the element 21 into the plastic material 21b and the organic material of the insulating paper 21c and the metal material of the aluminum foil 21a (the separation step).
[0048]
The degreasing solution 1 and the separation solution 2 used for the separation process in this way are extracted from the tanks 110 and 120 through the discharge valves 113 and 123 and distilled and purified when the PCB concentration becomes a predetermined value or more. Then, they are sent to the supply devices 111 and 121 for reuse.
[0049]
Next, the sorted organic materials such as the plastic film 21b and the insulating paper 21c are finely pulverized with a fine pulverization mill together with other organic materials such as paper and film generated when the capacitor 20 is disassembled into a slurry ( S206). On the other hand, the metal material such as the aluminum foil 21 is washed with a washing liquid together with other metals and insulators generated when the capacitor 20 is disassembled, and discarded or reused (S207).
[0050]
Then, the slurried organic material and the cleaning waste liquid are hydrothermally decomposed together with the extracted insulating oil, the cleaning waste liquid at the time of cleaning, and the residue generated at the time of distillation purification in the separation process, and NaCl, CO₂And H₂O is discharged (S208). Thereby, the capacitor | condenser 20 containing PCB can be processed safely and reliably.
[0051]
Therefore, according to the sorting apparatus 100 described above, it is possible to easily sort the element 21 into the plastic film 21b and the organic material of the insulating paper 21c and the metal material of the aluminum foil 21a with a simple and small structure at low cost.
[0052]
Further, since the cut element 21 is immersed in the degreasing liquid 1, the plastics film 21b swells and softens, so that it is possible to further facilitate the slurrying in the fine grinding mill.
[0053]
Moreover, since the cut | disconnected element 21 is immersed in the degreasing liquid 1 and PCB oil is removed, the cleaning operation performed later can be simplified.
[0054]
On the other hand, in the PCB processing system as described above, out of the constituent materials of the power equipment such as the power capacitor 20, organic waste such as paper and wood contaminated with the PCB is separated and taken out from other constituent materials, Since this organic waste is hydrothermally decomposed, it can be safely and reliably treated including the PCB soaked in the organic material.
[0055]
At this time, since organic waste such as paper and wood is slurried and the slurried organic waste is hydrothermally decomposed, the PCB can be safely and continuously processed.
[0056]
In addition, among the components of the power equipment such as the power capacitor 20, inorganic waste such as metal and insulator contaminated with PCB is separated from the other components and taken out. After cleaning with the cleaning agent, the cleaning agent is removed. Since it is hydrothermally decomposed, it is possible to make the cleaning agent contaminated with PCB safe and reliable.
[0057]
In addition, organic waste such as paper and wood contaminated with PCBs and cleaning agents contaminated with PCBs by washing metals and insulators are hydrothermally decomposed, so that PCBs can be treated safely and reliably. It can be performed.
[0058]
[Toxic substance treatment system]
Further, the sorting device 100 can be used more effectively by being incorporated in a hazardous substance processing system as shown in FIG.
[0059]
As shown in FIG. 4, the hazardous substance treatment system is a hazardous substance treatment system for detoxifying an object to which the harmful substance is attached, contained or stored, and is to be processed (for example, a transformer, a capacitor, etc.) 1001 , A first separation means 1004 for separating the harmful substance 1002 from a container 1003 for storing a harmful substance (such as PCB) 1002 and a disassembling means for disassembling the constituent materials 1001a, 100b,. From pre-processing means 1006 having either one or both of 1005 and constituent materials (core, capacitor element portion, etc.) 1001a, b,... Constituting the object to be processed in pre-processing means 1006 A second separation means 1009 for separating an organic substance 1007 such as a resin and an inorganic substance 1008 such as a metal; a metal container 1003 separated by the pretreatment means 1006; or an inorganic substance 1008 such as a metal separated by the separation means 1009 Wash with cleaning solution 1010 A cleaning means 1011, and a hazardous substance decomposing means 1013 for decomposing one or both of harmful substances 1001 separated by washing waste liquid 1012 and pre-processing means after washing, is made by including.
[0060]
In such a hazardous substance processing system, the separation device 100 is used as a part of the constituent elements of the second separation means 1009.
[0061]
According to such a hazardous substance processing system, the PCB concentration in the capacitor 20 can be reduced to 0.5 ppb or less, which is lower than the current PCB emission standard value (3 ppb), and the capacitor 20 including PCB can be safely used. And it can process reliably. Accordingly, the PCB-containing article can be completely processed, and the PCB can be completely eliminated.
[0062]
In addition, since organic compounds other than PCB can be treated, dioxins contained in PCB, organic substances such as paper, wood and cloth contaminated with PCB, and cleaning agents used for cleaning cases are also decomposed. Can be processed.
[0063]
The hydrothermal decomposition method has already been disclosed by the applicant of the present application. For details, refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 11-639 and 11-253795.
[0064]
In the present embodiment, the case where the element 21 having both the plastic film 21b and the insulating paper 21c is separated has been described. However, the element having only one of the plastic film 21b and the insulating paper 21c is separated. Even in this case, separation can be performed in the same manner as in the present embodiment.
[0065]
Moreover, in this Embodiment, as the separation liquid 2, halogenated hydrocarbons, such as trichloroethylene (specific gravity 1.4), tetrachloroethylene (specific gravity 1.6), and alternative CFC, sodium bromide aqueous solution (specific gravity 1.4), Although an aqueous salt solution such as an aqueous calcium nitrate solution (specific gravity 1.6) was used, the present invention is not limited to this, and a value between the specific gravity of the sheet made of metal material and the specific gravity of the sheet made of organic material. A fractionation liquid having a specific gravity (preferably 1.2 or more) can be applied.
[0066]
[Second embodiment]
A second embodiment when the capacitor element sorting method and apparatus according to the present invention are applied when sorting PCB contaminated capacitor elements will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of the sorting apparatus. However, the same parts as those of the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals as those used in the description of the first embodiment described above, and the description is given. Omitted.
[0067]
As shown in FIG. 5, a heating tank 230 having a heater 234 is disposed in the vicinity of the degreasing tank 110. Above the heating tank 230, a heating liquid supply device 231 for supplying the heating liquid 3 having a high boiling point (200 ° C. or higher) such as mineral oil into the heating tank 230 is disposed. A stirring blade 232 that can be rotationally driven is provided below the inside of the heating bath 230. A bracket 230a for supporting the holding casing 101 and a bracket 230b for supporting a metal mesh sorting casing 202 having a mesh smaller than the holding casing 101 are attached to the inside of the heating tank 230. It has been. A discharge valve 233 is connected to the lower part of the heating bath 230.
[0068]
On the other hand, water 4 is supplied from a water source (not shown) into the separation tank 120 disposed in the vicinity of the heating tank 230.
[0069]
In this embodiment, the degreasing means is constituted by the degreasing tank 110, the degreasing liquid supply device 111, the stirring blade 112, the discharge valve 113, etc., and the heating tank 230, the heating liquid supply device 231, the stirring blade 232, and the discharge valve. 233, heater 234 and the like constitute resin material deformation means, the holding casing 101 and the like constitute first separation means, and the separation tank 120, the stirring blade 122, the discharge valve 123, the second separation by the water source, etc. Means.
[0070]
In order to sort the elements 21 using such a sorting apparatus 200, as in the case of the first embodiment described above, first, the elements 21 cut into strips are put into the holding casing 101. Then, the holding casing 101 is placed in the degreasing tank 110 of the separation apparatus 100, and the stirring blade 112 is driven and rotated to stir the degreasing liquid 1, whereby the element 21 is made of an aluminum foil 21a and a plastic film 21b. Then, the insulating paper 21c and the like are separated for each layer (degreasing process).
[0071]
Next, when the holding casing 101 is transferred into the heating tank 230 and the stirring blade 232 and the heater 234 are operated to heat the heating liquid 3 while stirring (about 100 to 150 ° C.), the plastic film 21b is formed. On the other hand, the aluminum foil 21a and the insulating paper 21c remain in a strip shape while being heat-shrinked into a spherical lump 21ba (the resin material deformation step).
[0072]
When the plastics film 21b becomes a spherical lump 21ba in this manner, the rotation of the stirring blade 232 is stopped and the inside of the heating tank 230 is left, and the lump 21ba passes through the mesh at the bottom of the holding casing 101. Then, the aluminum foil 21a and the insulating paper 21c remain in the holding housing 101 as they settle down in the sorting housing 202, and are separated into a lump 21ba of plastics, the aluminum foil 21a, and the insulating paper 21c. (The above is the first separation step).
[0073]
Subsequently, the holding casing 101 is taken out from the heating tank 230 and placed in the separation tank 120, the stirring blade 123 is operated to stir the water 4, and the operation of the stirring blade 123 is stopped after a predetermined time, and the separation is performed. When the water 4 in the tank 120 is allowed to stand, the insulating paper 21c settles on the bottom of the holding casing 101, while the aluminum foil 21a is separated by the surface tension generated by the oil film of the heating liquid 3 adhering to the surface. It floats to the interface of water 4 in 120.
[0074]
Here, the aluminum foil 21a floating in the water 4 in the separation tank 120 is scooped out of the separation tank 120 by the scooping net 124, while the holding casing 101 is taken out of the separation tank 102 and the insulating paper 21c is taken out. The element 21 is separated into the metal material of the aluminum foil 21a and the plastic material lump 21ba and the organic material of the insulating paper 21c by taking out the sorting housing 202 from the heating tank 230 and taking out the lump 21ba. Can be easily performed (the second fractionation step).
[0075]
Therefore, according to the present embodiment, as in the case of the first embodiment described above, the element 21 is separated into the plastic material 21b and the organic material of the insulating paper 21c and the metal material of the aluminum foil 21a. Can be easily and at low cost with a simple and small structure.
[0076]
In addition, in this Embodiment, although the case where the element 21 which consists of each layer of the aluminum foil 21a, the plastics film 21b, and the insulating paper 21c was separated was demonstrated, for example, when separating the element which does not have the plastics film 21b In the case where the resin material deforming means is omitted and the first separating step is omitted or the element without the insulating paper 21c is separated, the second separating step is omitted and the second separating step is performed. Can be omitted.
[0077]
[Third embodiment]
A third embodiment in the case where the capacitor element sorting method and apparatus according to the present invention are applied when sorting PCB contaminated capacitor elements will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of the sorting apparatus. However, the same parts as those in the first and second embodiments described above are denoted by the same reference numerals as those used in the description of the first and second embodiments described above in FIG. The description is omitted.
[0078]
As shown in FIG. 6, the heating tank 330 is provided with a heating liquid supply device 231, a stirring blade 232, a discharge valve 233, and a heater 234, and a bracket 330 a for supporting the holding housing 101 is attached therein. ing.
[0079]
That is, this embodiment has a configuration in which the bracket 230b and the sorting housing 102 are omitted from the heating tank 230 of the sorting apparatus 200 of the second embodiment described above.
[0080]
In this embodiment, the degreasing means is constituted by the degreasing tank 110, the degreasing liquid supply device 111, the stirring blade 112, the discharge valve 113, etc., and the heating tank 330, the heating liquid supply device 231, the stirring blade 232, and the discharge valve. The resin material dissolving means is constituted by 233, the heater 234 and the like, and the separation means is constituted by the separation tank 120, the stirring blade 122, the discharge valve 123, the water source and the like.
[0081]
In order to sort the elements 21 using such a sorting apparatus 300, first, the elements 21 cut into strips are put into the holding casing 101, as in the case of the first embodiment described above. Then, the holding casing 101 is placed in the degreasing tank 110 of the separation apparatus 100, and the stirring blade 112 is driven and rotated to stir the degreasing liquid 1, whereby the element 21 is made of an aluminum foil 21a and a plastic film 21b. Then, the insulating paper 21c and the like are separated for each layer (degreasing process).
[0082]
Next, when the holding casing 101 is transferred into the heating tank 330 and the stirring blade 232 and the heater 234 are operated to heat the heating liquid 3 while stirring (about 150 to 200 ° C.), the plastic film 21b is formed. On the other hand, the aluminum foil 21a and the insulating paper 21c remain in a strip shape while being dissolved in the heating liquid 3 (the resin material dissolving step).
[0083]
When the plastics film 21b is dissolved in the heating liquid 3 in this way, the holding casing 101 is taken out from the heating tank 330 and placed in the separation tank 120, and the stirring blade 123 is operated to stir the water 4, When the operation of the stirring blade 123 is stopped after a lapse of time and the water 4 in the separation tank 120 is allowed to stand, the insulating paper 21c settles on the bottom of the holding casing 101, while the aluminum foil 21a adheres to the surface. Due to the surface tension generated by the oil film of the heated liquid 3, it floats on the interface of the water 4 in the separation tank 120.
[0084]
Here, the aluminum foil 21a floating on the water 4 in the sorting tank 120 is scooped out from the sorting tank 120 by the scooping net 124, while the holding casing 101 is taken out from the sorting tank 102 and the insulating paper 21c is taken out. Thus, it is possible to easily separate the metal material of the aluminum foil 21a and the insulating paper 21c (the separation process).
[0085]
On the other hand, the heating liquid 3 in which the plastics film 21b is dissolved, when the concentration of the dissolved plastics becomes high, opens the discharge valve 233, is extracted from the heating tank 330 and is cooled, and the plastic is deposited and solidified. After the liquid is separated, it is supplied again into the heating tank 330 and reused. The separated plastics are hydrothermally decomposed.
[0086]
That is, in the second embodiment described above, the element 21 is heated with the heating liquid 3 at 100 to 150 ° C., whereby the plastic film 21b is thermally contracted to form the plastic foil lump 21ba and the aluminum foil 21a and the insulation. Although separated from the paper 21c, in the present embodiment, the plastic film 21b is dissolved in the heating liquid 3 by heating the element 21 with the heating liquid 3 at 150 to 200 ° C., and the aluminum foil 21a and The paper is separated from the insulating paper 21c.
[0087]
Therefore, according to the present embodiment, as in the case of the first and second embodiments described above, the element 21 is replaced with the organic material of the plastic film 21b and the insulating paper 21c and the metal material of the aluminum foil 21a. Separation can be done easily and at a low cost with a simple and small structure.
[0088]
In the present embodiment, the case where the element 21 composed of each layer of the aluminum foil 21a, the plastic film 21b, and the insulating paper 21c is separated has been described. For example, when the element without the insulating paper 21c is separated, It is also possible to omit the second sorting step and omit the second sorting step.
[0089]
[Fourth embodiment]
A fourth embodiment in which the capacitor element sorting method and apparatus according to the present invention are applied when sorting PCB contaminated capacitor elements will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of the sorting apparatus. However, parts similar to those in the first to third embodiments described above are denoted by the same reference numerals as those used in the description of the first to third embodiments described above in FIG. The description is omitted.
[0090]
As shown in FIG. 7, in the vicinity of the degreasing tank 110, an internally sealable drying tank 440 including a heater 444 is disposed. A suction pump 441 is connected to the drying tank 440 via a three-way valve 443 and an adsorption tank 442 filled with an adsorbent such as activated carbon. Inside the heating tank 440, a bracket 440a for supporting the holding casing 101 is attached. An electrostatic separator 450 is disposed in the vicinity of the heating tank 440.
[0091]
In this embodiment, the degreasing means is constituted by the degreasing tank 110, the degreasing liquid supply device 111, the stirring blade 112, the discharge valve 113, etc., and the drying tank 440, the suction pump 441, the adsorption tank 442, the three-way valve 443, Drying means is configured by the heater 444 and the like, and electrostatic separation means is configured by the electrostatic separator 450 and the like.
[0092]
In order to sort the elements 21 using such a sorting apparatus 400, first, the elements 21 cut into strips are first placed in the holding casing 101 as in the first to third embodiments. The holding casing 101 is placed in the degreasing tank 110 of the separation apparatus 100, and the degreasing liquid 1 is stirred by driving and rotating the stirring blade 112, whereby the element 21 is made of aluminum foil 21a, plastics. It isolate | separates for every layer, such as the film 21b and the insulating paper 21c (above, degreasing process).
[0093]
Next, the holding casing 101 is transferred into the drying tank 440, and the suction pump 441 and the heater 444 are operated to heat the inside of the drying tank 440 under reduced pressure, whereby the aluminum foil 21a, the plastic film 21b, and the insulating paper 21c. Are dried (the drying step).
[0094]
Subsequently, the dried aluminum foil 21a, the plastic film 21b, and the insulating paper 21c are put into the electrostatic separator 450 to be separated into the aluminum foil 21a, the plastic film 21b, and the insulating paper 21c. Electrolytic separation process).
[0095]
Therefore, according to this embodiment, as in the case of the first to third embodiments described above, the element 21 is made of the organic material of the plastic film 21b and the insulating paper 21c and the metal material of the aluminum foil 21a. Separation can be done easily and at a low cost with a simple and small structure.
[0096]
In this embodiment, electrostatic separation is performed after degreasing and drying in the drying tank 440. However, when the degreasing liquid 1 is likely to volatilize, the drying tank 440 is omitted and the drying step is performed. Can be omitted.
[0097]
In the present embodiment, the case where the element 21 having both the plastic film 21b and the insulating paper 21c is separated has been described. However, the element having only one of the plastic film 21b and the insulating paper 21c is separated. Even in this case, separation can be performed in the same manner as in the present embodiment.
[0098]
[Other embodiments]
In the first embodiment described above, harmful substances such as PCBs are decomposed by the hydrothermal decomposition means in the hazardous substance processing system. However, as another embodiment, for example, a high pressure pump is used to exceed the critical pressure. It is possible to use a supercritical water oxidation means in which water is pressurized, an organic substance containing PCB or cleaning waste liquid is introduced into this, and toxic substances such as PCB are oxidatively decomposed by an oxidizing agent. Such supercritical water oxidation means has advantages that high reaction efficiency can be obtained in a very short time and that no harmful substances such as dioxins are generated as in the hydrothermal decomposition method.
[0099]
In the first to fourth embodiments described above, the case where the PCB-contaminated capacitor element is separated is described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a sheet made of a metal material and a sheet made of an organic material. Can be applied in the same manner as in the first to fourth embodiments described above, in which a plurality of layers are stacked and different material stacks in which fats and oils are interposed are stacked.
[0103]
【The invention's effect】
  FirstoneThe method for separating different material laminates according to the second invention is that a plurality of sheets of aluminum foil, resin material sheets and insulating paper are laminated on a PCB-contaminated capacitor, and PCB oil adheres between the laminates. A method for separating different material laminates, wherein a degreasing step of removing the PCB oil from the different material laminates with a degreasing liquid, and placing the degreased different material laminates in mineral oil A resin material deformation step of thermally shrinking the sheet made of material into a lump, a first separation step of separating the aluminum foil and the insulating paper and the lump made of resin material by a mesh, the aluminum foil and Since the insulating paper is placed in water, the aluminum foil is floated by surface tension, while the second separation step of allowing the insulating paper to settle is performed. Be fractionated to a sheet made of a resin material material laminate insulating paper and aluminum foil can be a simple low cost.
[0105]
  FirsttwoThe method for separating different material laminates according to the second invention is that a plurality of sheets of aluminum foil, resin material sheets and insulating paper are laminated on a PCB-contaminated capacitor, and PCB oil adheres between the laminates. A method of separating different material laminates, wherein a degreasing step of removing the PCB oil from the different material laminate with a degreasing liquid, and placing the degreased different material laminate in mineral oil.HeatA resin material dissolving step for dissolving the sheet made of a resin material in the mineral oil, and taking out the aluminum foil and the insulating paper from the mineral oil and placing them in water, whereby the aluminum foil has a surface tension. Since the separation step of allowing the insulating paper to settle is performed while being floated by the above, it is possible to easily separate the sheet made of the resin material of the different material laminate, the insulating paper, and the aluminum foil at low cost.
[0108]
  FirstthreeThe method for separating different material laminates according to the second invention is the firstOrFirsttwoThe second inventionInThe degreasing liquid is made of at least one of alcohol, hydrocarbon, and halogenated hydrocarbon, so that degreasing can be performed easily and reliably at low cost.
[0114]
  FirstFourThe separation device for different material laminates according to the second invention is a device in which a plurality of aluminum foil, resin material sheets and insulating paper are laminated on a PCB-contaminated capacitor, and PCB oil adheres between the laminates. And a degreasing means for storing a degreasing liquid therein, the degreasing material stack being placed therein, and removing the PCB oil from the dissimilar material stack; The oil material is stored inside, and the degreased dissimilar material laminate is placed inside, so that the sheet made of resin material is thermally shrunk into a lump, and provided in the resin material deformation means A first separation means for separating the aluminum foil, the insulating paper, and the lump made of resin material by a mesh; and the aluminum stored in the interior and separated by the first separation means. Since the insulating paper is placed inside, the aluminum foil is floated by surface tension, and the second separating means for allowing the insulating paper to settle is provided. The sheet, the insulating paper, and the aluminum foil can be easily separated at low cost.
[0116]
  FirstFiveThe separation device for different material laminates according to the second invention is a device in which a plurality of aluminum foil, resin material sheets and insulating paper are laminated on a PCB-contaminated capacitor, and PCB oil adheres between the laminates. And a degreasing means for storing a degreasing liquid therein, the degreasing material stack being placed therein, and removing the PCB oil from the dissimilar material stack; Oil storage insideAnd heating the mineral oilThe degreased laminate of dissimilar materials is put inside, so that the sheet made of resin material is put into the mineral oil.HeatResin material dissolving means for dissolving, water is stored inside, and the dissimilar material laminate in which the sheet made of resin is dissolved by the resin material dissolving means is put inside, so that the aluminum foil is brought into contact with surface tension. Since it is provided with a separating means for allowing the insulating paper to settle while being floated, it is possible to easily separate the sheet made of the resin material of the different material laminate, the insulating paper, and the aluminum foil at low cost.
[0119]
  FirstSixAccording to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a separating apparatus for different material laminates.FourThOrFirstFiveThe second inventionInThe degreasing liquid is made of at least one of alcohol, hydrocarbon, and halogenated hydrocarbon, so that degreasing can be performed easily and reliably at low cost.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a first embodiment of an apparatus for separating different material laminates according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a capacitor.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a method for treating a PCB-contaminated capacitor.
FIG. 4 is an overall configuration diagram of a hazardous substance processing system.
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a second embodiment of the separation device for different material laminates according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of a third embodiment of the separation device for different material laminates according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fourth embodiment of a separation device for different material laminates according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional hazardous substance processing system.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Degreasing solution
2 Separation liquid
3 Heating liquid
4 Water
10 transformer
20 capacitors
21 elements
21a Aluminum foil
21b Plastics film
21ba lump
21c Insulating paper
100 sorting equipment
101 Holding enclosure
110 Degreasing tank
110a bracket
111 Degreasing liquid supply device
112 Stirring blade
113 Discharge valve
120 separation tank
120a bracket
121 Fractionation liquid supply device
122 Stirrer blade
123 Discharge valve
124 Blue Net
200 sorting device
202 Prep
230 Heating tank
230a, 230b Bracket
231 Heating liquid supply device
232 stirring blade
233 Discharge valve
234 heater
300 sorting device
330 Heating tank
330a bracket
400 sorting equipment
440 Drying tank
441 suction pump
442 Adsorption tank
443 Three-way valve
444 Heater
450 Electrostatic separator
1001 Work piece
  1002 Hazardous substances (eg PCB)
1003 container
  1004 Separation means
  1005 Demolition means
  1006 Pretreatment means
  1007 organic matter
  1008 inorganic substances
  1009 Separation means
  1010 Cleaning solution
  1011 Cleaning means
  1012 Cleaning waste liquid
  1013 Hazardous substance decomposition treatment means
1014 Slurry
1015 Slurry means

Claims (6)

A method of separating different material laminates in which a plurality of aluminum foils, resin material sheets, and insulating paper are laminated, and PCB oil adheres between the laminates of the cut elements of the PCB-contaminated capacitor. ,
A degreasing step of removing the PCB oil from the dissimilar material laminate with a degreasing liquid;
A resin material deformation step in which the sheet made of resin material is thermally shrunk into a lump by putting the degreased dissimilar material laminate in mineral oil, and
A first separation step of separating the aluminum foil and the insulating paper and the lump made of a resin material by a mesh;
Separating the dissimilar material laminate, wherein the aluminum foil and the insulating paper are placed in water to float the aluminum foil by surface tension, and the second separating step of allowing the insulating paper to settle. Method. A method of separating different material laminates in which a plurality of aluminum foils, resin material sheets, and insulating paper are laminated, and PCB oil adheres between the laminates of the cut elements of the PCB-contaminated capacitor. ,
A degreasing step of removing the PCB oil from the dissimilar material laminate with a degreasing liquid;
The Rukoto be heated put defatted said heterologous material laminate in mineral oil, and a resin material dissolution step of dissolving the sheet made of a resin material in the mineral oil,
The aluminum foil and the insulating paper are taken out from the mineral oil and placed in water, whereby the aluminum foil is floated by surface tension, and a separation step of allowing the insulating paper to settle is performed. How to separate things. In claim 1 or claim 2 ,
The said degreasing liquid consists of at least 1 sort (s) of alcohol, hydrocarbon, and halogenated hydrocarbon. A device for separating different material laminates in which a plurality of sheets of aluminum foil, resin material sheets, and insulating paper are laminated, and PCB oil adheres between the laminates of the cut elements of the PCB-contaminated capacitor. ,
A degreasing means for storing a degreasing liquid therein, the dissimilar material laminate being put inside, and removing the PCB oil from the dissimilar material laminate;
Resin material deformation means for storing mineral oil in the interior and putting the degreased dissimilar material laminate in the interior to thermally shrink the sheet made of resin material into a lump,
Provided in the resin material deformation means, a first sorting means for sorting the aluminum foil and the insulating paper and the lump made of resin material by a mesh;
The water is stored in the interior, and the aluminum foil and the insulating paper separated by the first separation means are placed in the interior, so that the aluminum foil is floated by surface tension while the insulating paper is allowed to settle. A separation apparatus for different material laminates, comprising: a second separation means; A device for separating different material laminates in which a plurality of sheets of aluminum foil, resin material sheets, and insulating paper are laminated, and PCB oil adheres between the laminates of the cut elements of the PCB-contaminated capacitor. ,
A degreasing means for storing a degreasing liquid therein, the dissimilar material laminate being put inside, and removing the PCB oil from the dissimilar material laminate;
Resin material that heats and dissolves the sheet made of resin material in the mineral oil by storing the mineral oil in the interior and heating the mineral oil and putting the degreased laminate of different materials into the interior. Dissolving means;
Water is stored in the interior, and the dissimilar material laminate in which the resin sheet is dissolved by the resin material dissolving means is placed inside, so that the aluminum foil is suspended by surface tension, while the insulating paper is And a separating means for separating different material stacks. In claim 4 or claim 5 ,
The degreasing liquid is made of at least one of alcohol, hydrocarbon, and halogenated hydrocarbon.

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