JP3738634B2 - Automatic accompaniment device and recording medium - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a technique for changing the contents of an automatic accompaniment according to performance information (event data) indicating performance details obtained from user operation on a keyboard or performance data for automatic performance (including automatic accompaniment). About.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Currently, an automatic accompaniment function (automatic accompaniment device) is widely installed in musical sound generation devices such as electronic musical instruments. The automatic accompaniment function is a function for performing automatic accompaniment by reproducing pattern data for automatic accompaniment at a pitch corresponding to a chord designated by the user with a keyboard or the like. The pattern data is a data pair consisting of event data (for example, pitch information corresponding to a reference C code) indicating the contents of the event on performance, and time data indicating the processing timing of the event data. This is sequence data configured in a form arranged according to the processing order.
[0003]
More specifically, first, the designated code is set to C (major) in the initial state (before the start of automatic accompaniment). When automatic accompaniment (reproduction of pattern data) is started in this chord designation state, pattern data is set. In accordance with the progress of the above, the musical sound without changing the pitch of the event data is sequentially generated according to the time data. At this time, depending on the value of the time data, it is possible to use chord accompaniment for simultaneously sounding multiple sounds and arpeggio accompaniment for sounding multiple sounds with a predetermined time difference, and the event data is pitch information of low octaves. If there is a bass accompaniment. When the user designates a new chord on the keyboard or the like during automatic accompaniment, the pitch of the automatic accompaniment to be generated is changed (shifted) according to the pitch between the designated chord root and the reference chord root. Is done. For example, when the user designates F (major), the pitch of the event data in the pattern data is increased by 5 semitones so that the sound is generated.
[0004]
The performance period of the pattern data is a relatively short plurality of measures (for example, four measures). For this reason, the automatic accompaniment apparatus reproduces pattern data repeatedly. When the pattern data is repeatedly reproduced, the performance of the pattern data tends to be monotonically musical (particularly rhythmic). In order to avoid the monotony, some conventional automatic accompaniment devices change the pattern data to be played back according to the chord route specified by the user or the chord type (major, minor, etc.). Some of them change the contents of automatic accompaniment. Reference technical literatures include JP-A-59-131991, JP-A-60-247696, JP-A-59-189395, JP-A-54-48516, and the like.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
First, when switching pattern data with a focus on the route, if the user transposes and plays a song, the pattern data will be switched differently before and after the transposition. It was not always possible to select pattern data suitable for. For this reason, there has been a problem that it is not always possible to change the contents of the automatic accompaniment in a form that matches the performance (music).
[0006]
The problem will be specifically described. Here, it is distinguished whether or not the route of the designated chord is a white key on the keyboard, and the case is set to switch to pattern data A if the route is a white key and to pattern data B if the route is a black key. Let's take an example. The progression of the original chord of the song to be played is assumed to be C → F → C → ... (each chord type is major).
[0007]
If the user sequentially specifies the chord progression of C → F → C without transposing, since the route is all white keys, the pattern data remains A and no switching occurs. However, if the song is to be transposed with a semitone transposition, the chord progression is C # .fwdarw.F # .fwdarw.C #. If the chord progression is sequentially designated by the user, the pattern data remains B. . Also, if the above song is to be transposed six semitones higher, the chord progression is F # → B → F #, and if the chord progression is sequentially designated by the user, the pattern data is B → A → B. Will be switched.
[0008]
As is well known, it is desirable that the pattern data and how to switch the pattern data do not change if the degree is transposition. For this reason, if the pattern data to be reproduced and the switching method thereof vary depending on the transposition as described above, it is not always possible to change the contents of the automatic accompaniment in a form that matches the performance (music).
[0009]
On the other hand, when switching pattern data by paying attention to the type of chord, the pattern data is switched regardless of the chord progression, and pattern data suitable for the performance (song) flow cannot always be selected. It was. For this reason, the same problems as described above existed.
[0010]
This will also be described specifically. Here, a description will be given by taking as an example a case where a chord progression is performed in the C key (C major) and the chord progression is .fwdarw.C (major) → Am (minor) → C (major) →.
[0011]
In the C tone, the Am (A-C-E) code is a proxy code (almost similar to the constituent sounds) of the C (C-E-G) code. If the chord function is classified into one of tonic (T), subdominant (S), and dominant (D) according to functional theory, they are all tonic, and there is little musical undulation in the chord progression of C → Am. It will be a samurai. When the pattern data is switched, a large musical change usually occurs. Therefore, it is preferable not to switch the pattern data at the node C → Am. However, if attention is paid to the type of code, it is not always possible to avoid switching of pattern data at that node. For this reason, it was not always possible to change the contents of the automatic accompaniment according to the performance (music).
[0012]
It is also assumed that the pattern data includes pitch (A: La) event data having a pitch of 6 degrees (9 semitones) from the root (C: do) of the reference chord. Then, in a C tone, when the chord progression is ... → C (major) → Dm (minor) → Em (minor) → ... When the user designates a Dm chord, the pitch A (ra) in the pattern data is specified. ) Is increased by two semitones and is pronounced as B (si). When the Em code is designated, the pitch A (La) in the pattern data is increased by 4 semitones and is pronounced as C # (de #). When playing a song based on the C key white key pitch, if there is pitch A (La) event data in the pattern data, the black key pitch C # (do #) is specified when the Em code is specified. Will change the impression of the performance song. As described above, when attention is paid to the chord type, the pattern data does not switch unless the chord type itself is changed. Therefore, the pattern data remains maintained in the chord progression from Dm to Em, and this is avoided. The pattern data cannot be switched in this way.
[0013]
As described above, in the conventional automatic accompaniment apparatus, although the contents of the automatic accompaniment can be changed variously, the automatic accompaniment suitable for the performance (music) cannot always be performed. For this reason, it has been strongly desired to appropriately change the contents of the automatic accompaniment.
[0014]
The subject of this invention is providing the automatic accompaniment apparatus which can change the content of an automatic accompaniment automatically, matching the content of a performance (music).
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The automatic accompaniment device of the present invention , Acting Performance information acquisition means capable of acquiring performance information, Performance information On the premise that automatic accompaniment is performed according to the performance information acquired by the acquisition means, a chord determination means for determining a chord from the performance information acquired by the performance information acquisition means, a key data acquisition means for acquiring key data, and a chord Based on the key data acquired by the key data acquisition unit, the function of the code determined by the determination unit is determined. , Tonic, subdominant and dominant Chord function determining means for determining, and automatic accompaniment control means for changing the contents of the automatic accompaniment based on the chord function determined by the chord function determining means.
[0016]
An automatic accompaniment apparatus according to another aspect of the present invention is provided with performance information acquisition means capable of acquiring performance information, and is based on the premise that automatic accompaniment is performed according to the performance information acquired by the acquisition means. The chord determination means for determining the chord from the performance information acquired by the key, the key data acquisition means for acquiring key data, and the function of the chord determined by the chord determination means are determined based on the key data acquired by the key data acquisition means. A chord function determining means for performing the automatic accompaniment control means for changing the contents of the automatic accompaniment based on the progress state of the chord function determined by the chord function determining means. .
[0017]
In the above configuration, the automatic accompaniment control means is Pattern data for automatic accompaniment based on the chord function determined by the chord function determining means Of Rules that change content The switching Ruka , Or Added to the automatic accompaniment The sound to play Therefore, it is desirable to change the contents of the automatic accompaniment.
[0018]
The recording medium of the present invention acquires performance information indicating the performance content You Performance information acquisition processing And performance information acquisition processing Chord judgment for judging chords from performance information acquired by processing And key data acquisition to acquire key data processing And code determination processing Determined by Is The key function, and obtain the key data processing Obtained by Is Based on key data , Tonic, subdominant and dominant Code function judgment to judge processing And code function judgment processing Determined by Is Code function Progress status Change the content of automatic accompaniment based on You Automatic accompaniment control processing And Computer readable and executable The program is recorded.
[0019]
In the present invention, the function of the chord determined from the performance information obtained by the user operating the performance operator group or reading from the performance data (including pattern data) is determined, and the contents of the automatic accompaniment are based on the determination result. To change. In a song with tonality, the chord has a tonality function. They are related to each other and play a specific role or role assigned within the key. For this reason, by focusing on the chord function, it is possible to change the contents of the automatic accompaniment in a form that matches the contents of the performance (song). For a user, even if a performance (operation) accompanied by a key change such as transposition or key modulation is performed, an ensemble with a musically natural and highly desirable accompaniment can always be performed in accordance with the chord function.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
<First Embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a method for changing the contents of automatic accompaniment in the first embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an electronic musical instrument (musical sound generating apparatus) equipped with the automatic accompaniment apparatus according to the first embodiment. .
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 2, the electronic musical instrument includes a CPU 201 that controls the entire musical instrument, a ROM 202 and a RAM 203 that are accessed by the CPU 201, a keyboard (performance operator group) 204 that is operated by a user, and a CPU 201. A display device 205 for displaying the transmitted image data, an automatic accompaniment data memory (hereinafter abbreviated as “data memory”) 206 storing pattern data for automatic accompaniment, a sound source system 207 for generating musical sounds in accordance with instructions from the CPU 201, In particular, it is configured to include various switches (not shown) and a switch group 208 including a circuit for detecting an operation state thereof.
[0022]
The operation of the above configuration will be described.
When a power supply (not shown) is turned on, the CPU 201 reads out and executes a program stored in the ROM 202 to start control of the entire instrument. After that, while using the RAM 203 for work, each part is controlled in accordance with operation information received from the keyboard 204 or the switch group 208.
[0023]
Although not shown in the figure, various switches constituting the switch group 208 include a plurality of switches for selecting a tone color of a musical tone, a genre (rhythm) of automatic accompaniment, a mode switch for selecting various modes, and the like. There is a start / stop switch for instructing the start or stop of automatic accompaniment. The operation state of these switches or the presence / absence of an operation is detected by a detection circuit thereof, and the detection result is sent to the CPU 201 as operation information.
[0024]
When the CPU 201 receives the operation information from the switch group 208, the CPU 201 changes the setting of each unit according to the content. To change the setting, for example, the value of a variable held in the RAM 203 is rewritten and, if necessary, a command generated in accordance with the rewriting is sent to a setting change target (for example, the sound source system 207). To do. Thus, the user can specify the tone color and mode of the musical tone, the rhythm to be automatically accompanied (selection), and the like via the switch group 208.
[0025]
For example, the keyboard 204 scans each key to detect a key whose operation state has changed, and displays information (key number) indicating the key whose operation state has changed, information indicating the change contents of the operation state, and the like as operation information. To the CPU 201. Such operation information is sent to the CPU 201 in the form of MIDI data, for example. The CPU 201 that has received the MIDI data as operation information immediately sends it to the sound source system 207. Thereby, in response to the user's operation on the keyboard 204, instructions such as sounding and muting of the musical sound are given to the sound source system 207 in real time.
[0026]
The sound source system 207 is composed of, for example, a sound source LSI, an A / D converter, an amplifier, and a speaker.
The tone generator LSI generates and outputs digital waveform data in accordance with the MIDI data sent from the CPU 201, and the A / D converter converts it into an analog audio signal. The audio signal is amplified by an amplifier and then input to a speaker, whereby the sound source system 207 emits a musical sound.
[0027]
When the user operates the start / stop switch to instruct the start of automatic accompaniment, the CPU 201 reads out and reproduces the pattern data stored in the data memory 206 to be reproduced. The pattern data (sequence data) includes, for example, event data (for example, MIDI data) representing the contents of the event on performance, and time data (for example, a time interval (delta between events) that specifies timing for processing the event data. Data pairs representing data representing time) are organized according to the processing order. For this reason, the reproduction is not particularly described in detail, but the event data is processed according to the time data while sequentially changing the address from which the data is read out for each pattern data (part) to be reproduced by the CPU 201, for example, a sound source This is done by sending it to the system 207.
[0028]
Unique data indicating the end of the pattern data (hereinafter referred to as end data for convenience) is added to the end of the pattern data. When the CPU 201 proceeds to the end data, it returns to the top event data and performs the processing. Accordingly, the pattern data is repeatedly reproduced until the user operates the start / stop switch to instruct the end of the automatic accompaniment.
[0029]
When the automatic accompaniment is started, the CPU 201 divides the keyboard 204 into two key ranges and assigns different functions for each key range. Hereinafter, the key range on the low tone side will be called the accompaniment key range, and the key range on the other high tone side will be called the melody key range.
[0030]
When a key in the melody key range is operated, the CPU 201 generates a musical tone having a pitch assigned to the operated (pressed) key in real time as described above. When a key in the other accompaniment key range is operated, a chord designated by the user is determined from the key pressed in the key range and the combination thereof. The determination is made with reference to, for example, a code determination table shown in FIG. Using the pitch of one of the keys played in the accompaniment key range (for example, the lowest key) as the root, the pitch between the root key and the other keys being pressed (pitch difference in semitones) ) Is performed by searching the table for a record with a matching combination. As a result, for example, if the key name assigned to the root key is C, and three keys whose pitches are 4 and 7 are pressed in the accompaniment key range, the C major is determined as a chord. Is done. If the key name assigned to the root key is C and three keys whose pitches are 3 and 7 are pressed in the accompaniment key range, the C minor is determined as a chord. . If a record corresponding to a combination of keys pressed in the accompaniment key area does not exist in the table, it is determined that a code is not specified.
[0031]
The chord information may be obtained by sequentially reading chord progression data stored in advance in parallel with the pattern data, instead of obtaining it from the user's key depression.
[0032]
First, the CPU 201 obtains a pitch (pitch difference) between the root of the chord designated by the user this time and a reference pitch (for example, the pitch of the C major route). The pitch is held in a variable prepared in advance (hereinafter referred to as a pitch register). With reference to the pitch held in the register, the pitch of the musical sound to be generated as an automatic accompaniment is changed (shifted). Thereby, the user can arbitrarily change (shift) the pitch of the musical sound generated by the automatic accompaniment.
[0033]
The CPU 201 performs key determination after determining the code, stores data representing the determined key in a variable prepared in advance (hereinafter referred to as a key data register), and further determines the function of the determined code. Data (function data) representing the determined function (type) is stored in a variable prepared in advance (hereinafter referred to as a function data register), and the contents previously stored in that variable are separately prepared (hereinafter referred to as “function data register”). , Called the previous register).
[0034]
The key determination may be performed using a known method. References include, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 1-167982 and 4-163486.
An example of key judgment is described. For example, the scale sound (sound name) of the key already determined at that time is matched with the constituent sound (sound name) of the determined chord, and if they match, the key is maintained. If they do not match, it is determined that there is modulation. If it is determined that there is a modulation, a record that most closely approximates a set of the constituent sounds (pitch names) of a plurality of past chords including the determined chord and the key determination table shown in FIG. The key candidates are narrowed down by searching from the inside, and one key is specified according to the number of pitch names in the set. At this time, taking into account the name of the melody sound and the name of the auto accompaniment sound that is pronounced, and further reflecting the length of each sound in the number, it is possible to perform more accurate key determination. It becomes possible.
[0035]
Specifically, for example, the key to that point is C major (scale sounds: C, D, E, F, G, A, and B), and the determined chord is B minor (chord constituent sound: BD- F #), it is determined that there is modulation. Then, assuming that the set of sounds constituting the most recent chords is C, D, E, F #, G, and B, the G major and the E minor are found from the key determination table. Then, the number of E and G in the set is compared, and when G is large, it is determined that the key is in G major. When the first code is designated, the designated code (for example, C major) = key (for example, C major) may be used.
[0036]
The other function determination is, for example, calculating the relative root frequency by subtracting the pitch of the key of the determined key from the pitch of the chord root, and from the function table prepared for function determination, the code type determined as the calculated frequency This is done by reading the record specified by.
[0037]
The contents of the function table are as follows, for example. Here, the relative root frequency is represented by I, II, III,..., The major code is Maj, the minor is m, the seventh is 7, the major six is Maj6, the major seventh is Maj7, the minor seventh is m7, Minor 7th ♭ Five is expressed as m7-5,.
[0038]
I Maj: Tonic, I Maj6: Tonic, I Maj7: Tonic, ..., II m: Subdominant, II m7: Subdominant, ..., III m: Tonic, III m7: Tonic, ..., IV Maj: Subdominant, IV Maj6: Subdominant, IV Maj7: Subdominant, ..., V Maj: Dominant, V7: Dominant, ..., VI m: Tonic, VI m7: Tonic, ..., VII m7-5: Dominant ...
[0039]
By referring to the function table as described above, for example, when the chord type is D minor and the code type is E minor, since the relative root frequency is II (2 degrees), the function of the code is subdominant. Determined. If the chord type is C major and the chord type is C major, the relative root frequency is I (1 degree), so the function of the chord is determined to be tonic. The determination result thus made is held in the function data register. Hereinafter, tonic is abbreviated as T, dominant as D, and subdominant as S.
[0040]
The various tables (code determination table, key determination table, and function table) are prepared as control data in the ROM 202, for example. The CPU 201 reads out these tables from the ROM 202 and performs code, key, and function determinations.
As is well known, most songs with some exceptions have tonality, and each chord in such a song has tonality function. And it is known that the impression received by the listener changes depending on its function and how it progresses. This means that function is an important factor in shaping music. For this reason, in the present embodiment, the contents of the automatic accompaniment are changed by paying attention to the function. Thereby, for the user, the contents of the automatic accompaniment can be changed as intended. Unlike the case of focusing only on the chord type and the route, it is possible to surely avoid various changes in the contents of the automatic accompaniment that are not intended by the user.
[0041]
For example, it is known that the progress of the function D → T has a sense of stability. Focusing on the function, the contents of the automatic accompaniment can be changed in accordance with such musical undulations (flow). For this reason, in performance, the user can always perform an ensemble with a musically natural and highly desirable accompaniment in accordance with the chord function regardless of the key or chord at any timing.
[0042]
Automatic accompaniment is performed by causing the CPU 201 to reproduce the pattern data stored in the data memory 206. In the present embodiment, the contents of the automatic accompaniment are changed by switching the pattern data to be reproduced. Automatic accompaniment usually consists of several parts. Therefore, a plurality of pattern data is prepared for each part, and the pattern data is switched according to the function of the code. The switching method will be described with reference to FIG.
[0043]
The first address table 101 of FIG. 1 stores the address represented by accomp_adrs in the data memory 206 at the head, for example, the head address of the second address table 102 of the genre for each music genre specified by a number (data memory 206 This is a table storing the address of the address. In FIG. 1, accomp_adrs_16beat represents the head address of the second address table 102 whose genre is 16 beats.
[0044]
As described above, in this embodiment, pattern data is prepared for each part. Therefore, the second address table 102 stores the head address (the address in the data memory 206) for each pattern data prepared in the genre corresponding to the second address table 102. In 16 beats, three pattern data for T, S, or D are prepared for each of drum (Drum), base (Bass), and chord (Cord) 1 to 3, respectively, and the start address thereof is It is stored in the second address table 102. There are three 16 beats, 16 beats 1 to 3, and chords 1 to 3 (particularly, for example, the timing of sound generation is different). Plays according to the selection. The drum and bass parts are common.
[0045]
The processing block 104 in FIG. 1 corresponds to the CPU 201, the ROM 202, and the RAM 203 in FIG. 2. Each time a code function is determined, the processing block 104 refers to the reproduction target with reference to the second address table 102 according to the determination result. Switch the pattern data to be used. In the present embodiment, the pattern data is switched when the function data held in the function data register and the previous register are different. In the pattern data for 16 beats (16 beats 1 to 3), switching is performed for each part. As a result, in the pattern data group 103 including three pattern data prepared for the chord 1 part (to be reproduced when the user selects 16 beat 1), the pattern data for T, S, and D is used. Play only one of them. If the determined code function is the same as before, the pattern data is not switched.
[0046]
In this way, the pattern data is switched focusing on the code function. This avoids changing the contents regardless of musical undulations (flow), etc., and matches the performance contents (the performance operation performed by the user or / and the contents of the pattern data to be reproduced). The content of the automatic accompaniment is changed in the form.
[0047]
For example, when playing a song based on the white key pitch of C key, if there is event data of pitch A (La) having a pitch of 6 degrees from the root C (Do) of the reference chord in the pattern data, the user When the route is changed from C to E by designating the Em code, the pitch becomes C # (de #). However, paying attention to the function, there is no problem because the pitch of 6 degrees is unchanged in the pattern data for S (when the route is changed from C to D by specifying the Dm code (S), it becomes B (si)). In the pattern data for T, instead of the pitch, for example, a pitch G (seo) having a pitch of 5 degrees is set (when the route is changed from C to E by specifying the Em code (T)) (B), it is possible to avoid mixing the pitches of the black keys.
[0048]
Next, the control operation of the CPU 201 will be described in detail with reference to operation flowcharts shown in FIGS.
FIG. 5 is an operation flowchart of the code function reflection process. This chord function reflection process is executed when a key in the accompaniment key range of the keyboard 204 is operated, and changes the contents of the automatic accompaniment. This is a process for reflecting the chord function in the automatic accompaniment by switching the pattern data to be reproduced. First, the code function reflection process will be described in detail with reference to FIG. This process is realized by the CPU 201 reading and executing a program stored in the ROM 202.
[0049]
First, in step 501, chord determination is performed from a combination of pitches of keys pressed in an accompaniment key range determined based on operation information received from the keyboard 204. If a new code cannot be detected by this determination, a series of processing ends here, although not particularly shown. If not, that is, if a new chord is detected, the key judgment is performed from the chord judgment result in step 502, the contents of the key data register are updated, and the process proceeds to step 503. Further, in step 501, the pitch change amount (shift) of the musical tone is obtained from the chord determination result and is stored in the pitch register.
[0050]
As described above, the chord determination is performed by comparing the pitch combination to be determined with the chord determination table of FIG. 3, and the other key determination is the constituent sound of the chord determined in step 501. This is done by comparing the combinations of pitches (pitch names), the contents of the key data register, the combinations of scale sounds (pitch names) corresponding to each key (key determination table in FIG. 4), and the like.
[0051]
In step 503, a code function determination process for determining the function of the code determined in step 501 from the key determination result in step 502 is executed. After that is completed, the process proceeds to step 504.
[0052]
In step 504, it is determined whether or not the function of the code designated last time is different from the function of the code determined in step 503. By executing the code function determination process in step 503, the contents (function data) held in the function data register and the previous register are updated. If the contents (function data) held in these registers are the same, the determination is no, and it is not necessary to switch the pattern data, and the series of processing ends here. Otherwise, the determination is yes and the process moves to step 505.
[0053]
In step 505 and subsequent steps, processing for switching pattern data is performed in accordance with the function in the key determined in step 503 of the code determined in step 501.
[0054]
First, in step 505, it is determined whether the code function is D or not. If the function of the code determined in step 501 is D, the determination is yes, and the process proceeds to step 506 where the pattern data addresses of all parts are changed to that of the pattern data for D, and then a series of processing is performed. finish. If the function of the code is not D, the determination is no and the process moves to step 507.
[0055]
The change of the address is performed, for example, by searching for event data to be processed first after the reproduction position (reproduction time from the beginning) in the pattern data to be reproduced so far in the D pattern data. If the processing timing is managed in delta time, in addition to the change, as the time until the event data is processed, the playback position (the playback from the beginning) at the time of processing the pattern data for D Time) and the time difference between the pattern data playback position (the playback time from the beginning) that has been the playback target until then. If there is a sound that is currently sounded as an automatic accompaniment, it is muted at the timing to be muted. In this way, switching is performed in consideration of the reproduction position of the pattern data that has been the reproduction object until then. This prevents the automatic accompaniment from deviating from the user's performance due to the switching of the pattern data. The same applies to switching according to other code functions.
[0056]
In step 507, it is determined whether the code function is S or not. If the function of the code determined in step 501 is S, the determination is YES, the process proceeds to step 508, and after changing the pattern data addresses of all parts to that of the pattern data for S, a series of processing is performed. finish. If the function of the code is not S, that is, if the function is T, the determination is no and the process proceeds to step 509 and the pattern data addresses of all parts are set to those of the pattern data for T. After the change, the series of processing ends.
[0057]
As described above, the pattern data is switched by changing the address according to the code function. As a result, even if the user performs a performance by transposing or transposing the music, the contents of the automatic accompaniment are changed in accordance with the flow of the subsequent performance.
[0058]
A detailed description of the process of sequentially reading pattern data and the process of changing (shifting) the pitch of the pattern data according to the contents of the pitch register and generating a sound will be omitted.
[0059]
Next, the code function determination process executed as step 503 in the code function reflection process will be described in detail with reference to the operation flowchart shown in FIG. In this determination process, the code determination result in step 501 and the key determination result in step 502 are passed as arguments from the code function reflection process.
[0060]
First, in step 601, the relative root frequency is obtained by subtracting the key (the pitch of the main tone) determined in step 502 from the pitch of the chord root determined in step 501. In subsequent step 602, the function in the key determined in step 502 of the code is determined by referring to the function table using the obtained relative route frequency and the type of code determined in step 501. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step 603.
[0061]
In step 603, the function data held in the function data register is held in the previous register. Thereby, after updating the contents of the previous register, the process proceeds to step 604, and the function data obtained in step 602 is held in the function data register. In this way, after updating the contents of the previous register and the function data register, the series of processes is terminated.
[0062]
In the present embodiment, the key data is acquired by determining the key based on the determination result of the chord, but the key data may be acquired by another method. For example, a switch for designating a key may be provided, and key data may be obtained from an operation performed on the switch. Alternatively, the key data may be acquired from the pitch of a musical sound that is pronounced as a melody. Of course, they may be combined. As a reference technical document related to determining a key from a performance operation for playing a melody, there is a microfilm disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Application No. 62-186356, for example.
[0063]
Pattern data is prepared for each part. Therefore, the user may be able to associate in advance the pattern data to be reproduced for each part or function. In such a case, the range of music expressions that the user can perform can be further expanded.
<Second Embodiment>
In the first embodiment, the contents of the automatic accompaniment are changed by switching the pattern data to be reproduced. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, only one basic pattern data is prepared for each part, and the contents of the pattern data are changed according to the function of the chord to change the contents of the automatic accompaniment. It is what you do.
[0064]
The configuration of the automatic accompaniment apparatus according to the second embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment. For this reason, the description of the second embodiment will be made using the reference numerals given in the first embodiment as they are.
[0065]
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a method of changing the contents of automatic accompaniment in the second embodiment. First, referring to FIG. 7, a method for changing the contents of automatic accompaniment will be described.
In the second embodiment, instead of preparing a plurality of pattern data, a table (pattern data conversion table) storing basic pattern data and rules for converting the contents thereof is prepared. Basic pattern data is prepared for each part. For this reason, a table is also prepared for each part according to the function of the code.
[0066]
For this reason, in the second address table 701, in addition to the start address of the pattern data of each part, data specifying a pattern data conversion table to be used for each code function is stored according to the part. Yes. In the second address table 701 for 16 beats, as shown in FIG. 7, data specifying the pattern data conversion table for T, S, and D is stored in each part of the base and chord (codes 1 to 3). I am letting. The pattern data conversion table group 702 in FIG. 7 is a collection of all pattern data conversion tables prepared for 16-beat automatic accompaniment.
[0067]
Here, the data specifying the pattern data conversion table is the start address of the area stored in the data memory 206. “Bass-Tonic-table” and the like in FIG. 7 represent the head address of the corresponding table. At the end of the area in which the table is stored, unique data indicating that fact is arranged so that the delimiter of the area can be recognized.
[0068]
In the part where the address of the pattern data conversion table is stored in the second address table 701, the CPU 201 switches the pattern data conversion table according to the function of the code every time a code is specified, The content of the pattern data is changed according to the content and reproduced. Thereby, the content of the automatic accompaniment is changed according to the function of the designated chord.
[0069]
As described above, changing the pitch of the pattern data according to the chord root may cause a pitch that does not match the key of the musical composition to be mixed. For example, when playing a song based on the white key pitch of C key, if there is event data of pitch A (La) having a pitch of 6 degrees from the root C (Do) of the reference chord in the pattern data, the user When the route is changed from C to E by specifying the Em code, the pitch becomes C # (do #), and the pitch of the black key is mixed.
[0070]
However, such a situation can be avoided by defining, as a rule, a combination of pitches (a combination different from the original) for each chord in the pattern data conversion table. In the above example, the difference value from the original pitch of the musical tone that becomes the pitch of the black key by the route is set to +0 in the S pattern data conversion table, and -2 (semitone) in the T pattern data conversion table. By doing so, it is possible to avoid mixing the pitches of the black keys. For this reason, even if the pattern data conversion table is prepared for each chord function, the user can be said to have a musically natural and highly desirable accompaniment in accordance with the chord function, as in the first embodiment. Ensemble can always be performed.
[0071]
The conversion table has a smaller data amount than the pattern data. Therefore, as compared with the first embodiment, the capacity required for storing data for automatic accompaniment is reduced, and there is an effect that the cost of the apparatus can be further reduced. Furthermore, since the number of pattern data to be prepared is reduced, music data (pattern data, its conversion table, etc.) can be created more easily. This is an advantage for the user as well as the manufacturer.
[0072]
FIG. 8 is an operation flowchart of the code function reflection process according to the second embodiment. Next, the operation of the CPU 201 that changes the contents of the automatic accompaniment by switching the pattern data conversion table according to the function of the designated code will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
[0073]
This reflection process is also realized by the CPU 201 reading and executing a program stored in the ROM 202. The processing flow is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, and the contents of each processing step are different from the first embodiment only in steps 506, 508, and 509. For this reason, processing steps having the same contents as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and only processing steps having contents different from those of the first embodiment will be described.
[0074]
If a code having a different function D is specified, the determination in step 505 is YES and the process proceeds to step 801. In step 801, the address of the pattern data conversion table of each part is changed to the address of the pattern data conversion table for D with reference to the second address table 701. Thereafter, the series of processing is terminated.
[0075]
Since only one pattern data is prepared for each part, unlike the first embodiment, the address for designating the position where the data is read next is not changed in the pattern data. For example, when it is time to process the event data of the pattern data, the CPU 201 changes the content of the event data by referring to the pattern data conversion table. Thereby, the contents of the table are reflected in the automatic accompaniment.
[0076]
If a code having an S function different from that specified is designated, the determination in step 507 is YES, and the process proceeds to step 802. In step 802, referring to the second address table 701, the address of the pattern data conversion table of each part is changed to the address of the pattern data conversion table for S. Thereafter, the series of processing is terminated.
[0077]
If a code having a different function of T is designated, the determination in step 507 is NO and the process proceeds to step 803. In step 803, the address of the pattern data conversion table for each part is changed to the address of the pattern data conversion table for T with reference to the second address table 701. Thereafter, the series of processing is terminated.
[0078]
The CPU 201 switches the pattern data conversion table to be referred to as described above. Thereby, the content of the automatic accompaniment is changed in accordance with the function of the designated chord.
[0079]
In this embodiment, a pattern data conversion table is prepared for each part. Therefore, the user may be able to associate the table to be referred to in advance by part or function. In such a case, the range of music expressions that the user can perform can be further expanded.
<Third Embodiment>
In the first and second embodiments, the contents of the automatic accompaniment are changed by changing the contents of the pattern data. On the other hand, in the third embodiment, the content of the automatic accompaniment is changed by further sounding an additional sound (hereinafter referred to as an additional sound) in addition to the sound originally played as an automatic accompaniment. Is.
[0080]
The configuration of the automatic accompaniment apparatus according to the third embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment. For this reason, the description of the third embodiment will be made using the reference numerals given in the first embodiment as they are.
[0081]
In the third embodiment, unlike the first embodiment, only one pattern data is prepared for each part. The additional sound is generated as a part different from the original part, for example. In other words, the part is added to the original part according to the function of the specified code. For this purpose, although not particularly illustrated, the second address table stores the head address of the pattern data of each part. Thereby, the content of the automatic accompaniment is changed by referring to the second address table and switching the part to be sounded as the additional sound according to the function. By generating additional sounds, you can add accents, change the rhythm, and obtain a fill-in effect.
[0082]
FIG. 9 is an operation flowchart of the code function reflection process according to the third embodiment. Next, with reference to FIG. 9, the operation of the CPU 201 for changing the contents of the automatic accompaniment by adding an additional sound (part) according to the function of the chord designated by the user will be described in detail.
[0083]
This reflection process is also realized by the CPU 201 reading and executing a program stored in the ROM 202. The processing flow is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, and the contents of each processing step are different from the first embodiment only in steps 506, 508, and 509. For this reason, processing steps having the same contents as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and only processing steps having contents different from those of the first embodiment will be described.
[0084]
If a code having a different function D is specified, the determination in step 505 is YES and the process proceeds to step 901. In step 901, the second address table is referred to and the part to be generated as an additional sound is changed to a crash cymbal. Thereafter, the series of processing is terminated.
[0085]
As will be described later, in the third embodiment, as an additional sound (part), in addition to the crash cymbal, a rim shot and a bass drum are played. These are sounded by reproducing pattern data having a relatively short reproduction time. Therefore, in step 901, the pattern data corresponding to the additional sound that is newly played in the pattern data for the additional sound is added as a reproduction target, and the address thereof is set. Unlike the first embodiment, since it is not necessary to determine an address according to the reproduction position of the pattern data that has been reproduced so far, the contents of the automatic accompaniment can be changed more easily.
[0086]
If a code having an S function different from the previous one is designated, the determination in step 507 is YES, and the routine proceeds to step 902. In step 902, the second address table is referenced to change the part to be generated as an additional sound to a rim shot. Thereafter, the series of processing is terminated.
[0087]
If a code having a different function of T is specified, the determination in step 507 is NO and the process proceeds to step 903. In step 903, the second address table is referenced to change the part to be generated as an additional sound to a crash cymbal and bass drum. Thereafter, the series of processing is terminated.
[0088]
In this embodiment, the performance (accompaniment) is temporarily decorated by reproducing the pattern data corresponding to the additional sound. However, the pattern data is repeatedly reproduced until the additional sound is changed. Anyway. The user may be able to select the additional sound and the time (period) during which the additional sound is played.
<Fourth embodiment>
In the first to third embodiments, the contents of the automatic accompaniment are changed according to the function of the designated chord. On the other hand, in the fourth embodiment, the contents of the automatic accompaniment are changed according to how the function changes, in other words, according to the progress of the function.
[0089]
The configuration of the automatic accompaniment apparatus according to the fourth embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment. For this reason, the description of the fourth embodiment is also made using the reference numerals given in the first embodiment as they are.
[0090]
In the fourth embodiment, a plurality of pattern data is prepared for each part. The end form (cadence) as the progress of the function is a harmony structure peculiar to the end of the music or the large and small paragraph points. There are various effects, such as a complete effect, an intermediate one to expect the following part, and a light one break. Since the end type has such an effect, pattern data is prepared by paying attention to the type of end type. Specifically, two pattern data are prepared for terminating the dominant progressing from D to T and for terminating the subdominant proceeding from S to T.
[0091]
Note that the end of dominant is said to eliminate the instability in D and give the strongest feeling in music theory, and is therefore also called “strong progression”. The function progress to be focused on is not limited to termination, but may be focused on other function progress.
[0092]
In the second address table, the head address is stored for each pattern data, as in the first embodiment. The CPU 201 refers to the table and changes the contents of the automatic accompaniment by switching the pattern data in accordance with the change in the function of the chord designated by the user.
[0093]
FIG. 10 is an operation flowchart of the code function reflection process according to the fourth embodiment. Next, the operation of the CPU 201 for changing the contents of the automatic accompaniment according to the progress (end type) of the function of the code designated by the user will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
[0094]
This reflection process is also realized by the CPU 201 reading and executing a program stored in the ROM 202. The contents of each processing step differ from those in the first embodiment after the processing in step 503 is completed. For this reason, processing steps having the same contents as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and only portions different in contents from the first embodiment will be described.
[0095]
As described above, by executing the code function determination process in step 503, the function data of the designated code is held in the function data register, and the function data held in the function data register until then is Stored in the previous register. In step 1001 following step 503, it is determined whether or not the function has progressed from D to T from the data held in the registers. If the function of the code has progressed from D to T, the determination is YES, and the process proceeds to step 1002 to change the pattern data address of all parts to that of the pattern data for DT progress, and then perform a series of processing. finish. Otherwise, the determination is no and the process moves to step 1003. Note that the address change in step 1002 is performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
[0096]
In step 1003, it is determined whether or not the function has progressed from S to T from the data held in each of the registers. If the function of the code has progressed from S to T, the determination is YES, the process proceeds to step 1004, the address of the pattern data for all parts is changed to that of the pattern data for ST progress, and then a series of processing is performed. finish. Otherwise, the determination is no, and the series of processes is terminated, assuming that there is no function progression for switching pattern data. Note that the address change in step 1004 is also performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
[0097]
By switching the pattern data as described above, the contents of the automatic accompaniment are changed in a manner reflecting the function progress (musical flow). As a result, it is possible for the user to perform an ensemble with an automatic accompaniment overflowing with a sense of progress as a song.
[0098]
In the fourth embodiment, the contents of the automatic accompaniment are changed by switching the pattern data according to the progress of the function. However, as in the second embodiment, a plurality of pattern data conversion tables are prepared. The contents of the automatic accompaniment may be changed by switching the table used in accordance with the progress of the function. Or you may make it change the content of an automatic accompaniment by switching the additional sound to ring according to function progress like 3rd Embodiment. As is apparent from these, the above-described embodiments can be combined in various ways.
[0099]
Regarding function progress, attention is paid only to changes in functions before and after, but attention may be paid to the function progress up to that point. Alternatively, the user may be able to select a function progress range of interest.
[0100]
In the present embodiment (first to fourth embodiments), the chord function is determined from the operation information obtained by the user operating the keyboard 204. However, a MIDI terminal is provided or a ROM card or the like is provided. By providing means for accessing a detachable recording medium, it is possible to obtain performance data from other sources so that the performance data can be reflected in a change in the contents of the automatic accompaniment.
[0101]
In the present embodiment, the present invention is applied to an automatic accompaniment apparatus mounted on an electronic musical instrument, but an automatic accompaniment apparatus to which the present invention can be applied is not limited to that mounted on an electronic musical instrument. The present invention can also be applied to a sequencer without a sound source having a MIDI terminal for outputting MIDI data. As is clear from this, the present invention can be widely applied to an automatic accompaniment apparatus.
[0102]
The program for realizing the operation of the automatic accompaniment apparatus or a modification thereof may be recorded on a recording medium such as a CD-ROM, a floppy disk, or a magneto-optical disk and distributed. Alternatively, part or all of the program may be distributed using a communication line such as a public network. In such a case, the user can apply the present invention to the device by acquiring the program and loading it into any automatic accompaniment device or information processing device. Therefore, the recording medium may be accessible by a device that distributes the program.
[0103]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention determines the function of a chord determined from performance information obtained by a user operating a group of performance operators or reading performance data from a recording medium, and automatically based on the determination result. Change the accompaniment content. For this reason, the content of an automatic accompaniment can be automatically changed according to the content of a performance (melody etc.). As a result, the user can always perform an ensemble with a musically natural and highly desirable accompaniment in accordance with the chord function.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a method for changing the contents of automatic accompaniment in the first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of an electronic musical instrument equipped with an automatic accompaniment apparatus according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the contents of a code determination table.
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the contents of a key determination table.
FIG. 5 is an operation flowchart of a code function reflection process.
FIG. 6 is an operation flowchart of a code function determination process.
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a method for changing the contents of automatic accompaniment in the second embodiment.
FIG. 8 is an operation flowchart of a code function reflection process (second embodiment);
FIG. 9 is an operation flowchart of a code function reflection process (third embodiment);
FIG. 10 is an operation flowchart of code function reflection processing (fourth embodiment);
[Explanation of symbols]
201 CPU
202 ROM
203 RAM
204 keyboard
206 Automatic accompaniment data memory
207 Sound source system
208 switches
101 First address table
102, 701 Second address table
103 pattern data group
702 Pattern data conversion table group

Claims (4)

Includes a performance information acquisition unit that can acquire Starring Kanade information, the automatic accompaniment apparatus to perform an automatic accompaniment in accordance with performance information which the performance information acquisition unit has acquired,
Chord determination means for determining a chord from performance information acquired by the performance information acquisition means;
Key data acquisition means for acquiring key data;
A chord function determining means that determines the function of the chord determined by the chord determining means by classifying it into one of tonic, sub-dominant and dominant based on the key data acquired by the key data acquiring means;
Automatic accompaniment control means for changing the contents of the automatic accompaniment based on the function of the chord determined by the chord function determination means;
An automatic accompaniment apparatus characterized by comprising: In an automatic accompaniment apparatus comprising performance information acquisition means capable of acquiring performance information, and performing automatic accompaniment according to the performance information acquired by the acquisition means,
Chord determination means for determining a chord from performance information acquired by the performance information acquisition means;
Key data acquisition means for acquiring key data;
Code function determining means for determining the function of the code determined by the code determining means based on the key data acquired by the key data acquiring means;
Automatic accompaniment control means for changing the contents of the automatic accompaniment based on the progress of the chord function determined by the chord function determination means;
Automatic accompaniment apparatus characterized by comprising a. The automatic accompaniment control means switches a rule for changing the contents of the pattern data for automatic accompaniment or a sound to be added to the automatic accompaniment based on the chord function determined by the chord function determination means. by, Ru to change the contents of the automatic accompaniment,
The automatic accompaniment apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 , characterized by the above. On the computer,
A performance information acquisition process for acquiring performance information indicating the performance content;
A chord determination process for determining chords from the performance information acquired by the performance information acquisition process;
Key data acquisition processing for acquiring key data;
A chord function determination process in which the chord function determined by the chord determination process is classified into one of tonic, subdominant and dominant based on the key data acquired by the key data acquisition process;
An automatic accompaniment control process for changing the contents of the automatic accompaniment based on the progress state of the chord function determined by the chord function determination process;
The computer-readable recording medium which recorded the program for performing this .

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