JP2001188541A - Automatic accompaniment device and recording medium - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an automatic accompaniment device by which the contents of automatic accompaniment are automatically changed, while being matched with the contents of the playing (a piece of music). SOLUTION: Pattern data of each musical genre are classified and prepared for every pattern and every chord function. The leading address of the pattern data is stored in a second address table 102 in a genre unit. The leading address of the table 102 of each genre is stored in a first address table 101. For example, a processing block 104 consisting of a CPU, a ROM and a RAM exectues chord discrimination, melody discrimination as well as chord function discrimination and conducts the switching of the pattern data that are a reproducing objects, according to the discriminating results by referring to the table 102. Thus, the contents of automatic accompaniment are changed to cause the function change of a chord to be reflected.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to automatic performance of performance data (event data) indicating performance contents obtained from performance data for a user's operation on a keyboard or automatic performance (including automatic accompaniment). The present invention relates to a technique for changing the content of accompaniment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, automatic accompaniment functions (automatic accompaniment devices) are widely used in musical sound generation devices such as electronic musical instruments. The automatic accompaniment function is a function for performing automatic accompaniment by reproducing pattern data for automatic accompaniment at a pitch corresponding to a chord specified by a user on a keyboard or the like. The pattern data is a data pair consisting of event data (for example, pitch information associated with a reference C code) indicating the content of an event in performance and time data indicating the processing timing of the event data. This is sequence data configured in a form arranged in the processing order.

More specifically, in an initial state (before the start of automatic accompaniment), a designated code is set to C (major), and when automatic accompaniment (reproduction of pattern data) is started in this code designated state. In accordance with the progress of the pattern data, the musical tones of the event data at the same pitch are sequentially generated in accordance with the time data. At this time,
Depending on the value of the time data, it is possible to use a chord accompaniment that produces multiple notes simultaneously or an arpeggio accompaniment that produces multiple notes with a predetermined time difference. It can be an accompaniment. When the user specifies a new chord on the keyboard or the like during the automatic accompaniment, the pitch of the automatic accompaniment to be generated is changed (shifted) according to the pitch between the root of the specified chord and the root of the reference chord. Is done. For example, when the user designates F (major), the pitch of the event data in the pattern data is raised by 5 semitones so as to sound.

The performance period of the pattern data is
This is a plurality of relatively short measures (for example, four measures). For this reason, the automatic accompaniment device repeatedly reproduces the pattern data. When the pattern data is repeatedly reproduced, the resulting performance tends to be musically (particularly rhythmically) monotonous. In order to avoid the monotony, some conventional automatic accompaniment devices switch pattern data to be reproduced according to a chord route specified by a user or a type (major or minor) of the chord. In some cases, the content of the automatic accompaniment is changed. As reference technical documents, JP-A-59-131
No. 991, JP-A-60-247696, JP-A-59-189395 and JP-A-54-4851.
No. 6 publication.

[0005]

First, when switching the pattern data by focusing on the root, if the user transposes the music and performs, the way of switching the pattern data before and after the transposition differs. As a result, it is not always possible to select pattern data suitable for the music during the performance after transposition. For this reason, there is a problem that the content of the automatic accompaniment cannot always be changed in a form that matches the performance (music).

The problem will be specifically described. Here, it is determined whether the root of the designated chord is a white key on the keyboard or not, and if the root is a white key, the pattern data A is switched, and if the root is a black key, the pattern data B is switched. An example will be described. The original chord progression of the music to be played is... → C → F → C →... (Each chord type is major).

If the user sequentially designates the chord progression of C → F → C without transposition, the pattern data remains A and no switching occurs because all the roots are white keys. However, when attempting to transpose the above tune by a semitone higher, the chord progression becomes C♯ → F♯ → C♯, and when the chord progression is sequentially designated by the user, the pattern data remains B. . Also, if the user attempts to transpose the above tune by six semitones higher, the chord progression becomes F♯ → B → F♯. If the chord progression is sequentially specified by the user, the pattern data becomes B → A → B Will be switched.

As is well known, it is desirable that the pattern data and its switching method do not change if the transposition is about the same. For this reason, if the pattern data to be reproduced and the way of switching the pattern data are variously changed depending on the manner of transposition as described above, it is not always possible to change the contents of the automatic accompaniment in a form suited to the performance (music).

On the other hand, when the pattern data is switched by focusing on the type of the chord, the pattern data is switched regardless of the progress of the chord, and the pattern data suitable for the flow of the performance (song) is not necessarily changed. Could not be selected. For this reason, the same problem as described above exists.

This will be described in detail. Here, an example will be described in which the chord progression is performed in the C key (in C major),... → C (major) → Am (minor) → C (major) →.

In the C tone, the Am (ACE) chord is a substitute chord of the C (CEG) chord (almost similar in composition tone). If the chord functions are classified into tonic (T), subdominant (S) and dominant (D) according to the functional theory, they are all tonics, and the musical undulation is small in the chord progression of C → Am. It should be. Switching between pattern data usually results in significant musical changes. From this, it is desirable not to switch the pattern data at the node of C → Am. However, focusing on the type of code, it is not always possible to avoid switching of pattern data at that node. For this reason, it has not always been possible to change the content of the automatic accompaniment in a manner that matches the performance (song).

It is also assumed that the pattern data includes pitch (A: La) event data having a pitch of 6th (9 semitones) from the root (C: C) of the reference chord. And the chord progression in C tone ... → C (major) →
When the user plays a tune of Dm (minor) → Em (minor) →..., If the user specifies the Dm code, the pitch A (la) in the pattern data is raised by two semitones and is pronounced as B (shi), When the Em code is specified, the pitch A (la) in the pattern data is raised by 4 semitones and becomes C♯ (d♯).
Pronounced as When playing a tune based on the C-tone white key pitch, if there is event data of pitch A (la) in the pattern data, the black key pitch C♯ (d♯) at the time when the Em code is specified Will change the impression of the performance. As described above, when focusing on the code type, the pattern data is not switched unless the code type itself changes. Therefore, the pattern data is maintained in the code progression of Dm → Em, and this is avoided. It is not possible to switch the pattern data in the form in which it was performed.

As described above, in the conventional automatic accompaniment device, the content of the automatic accompaniment can be changed in various ways, but the automatic accompaniment suitable for the performance (music) cannot always be performed. For this reason, it has been strongly desired that the contents of the automatic accompaniment can be appropriately changed.

An object of the present invention is to provide an automatic accompaniment apparatus that can automatically change the contents of an automatic accompaniment while matching the contents of a performance (song).

[0015]

An automatic accompaniment apparatus according to the present invention includes performance information acquisition means for acquiring performance information indicating the contents of a performance, and performs automatic accompaniment in accordance with the performance information acquired by the acquisition means. On the premise that the function of the code determined by the code determining means, a key determining means for obtaining key data, and a code determining means for determining key from the performance information obtained by the performance information obtaining means, the key data obtaining means Comprises a chord function judging means for judging based on the key data acquired, and an automatic accompaniment control means for changing the content of the automatic accompaniment based on the function of the chord judged by the chord function judging means.

In the above arrangement, the key data obtaining means obtains key data each time the chord determining means determines a chord by determining the key from the performance information for which the chord determining means has determined the chord. It is desirable. It is desirable that the code function determining means divides the function of the code into tonic, subdominant, and dominant, and determines the function of the code determined by the code determining means.

The automatic accompaniment control means changes the content of the automatic accompaniment in a different manner for each function of the chord determined by the chord function determination means. The automatic accompaniment control means automatically changes the content of the chord function determined by the chord function determination means. Changing the content of the accompaniment, based on the function of the chord determined by the chord function determining means, by changing the content of the pitch or rhythm of a tone that is pronounced as an automatic accompaniment, changing the content of the automatic accompaniment, Alternatively, based on the function of the chord determined by the chord function determining means, one of switching of pattern data for automatic accompaniment, switching of rules for changing the contents of the pattern data, and addition of an additional sound to the automatic accompaniment To change the content of the automatic accompaniment,
It is desirable.

[0018] The recording medium of the present invention comprises: performance information obtaining means for obtaining performance information indicating the contents of a performance; code determining means for determining a code from the performance information obtained by the performance information obtaining means; Key data acquisition means to be acquired, the function of the code determined by the code determination means,
A chord function determination unit that determines based on the key data acquired by the key data acquisition unit, and an automatic accompaniment control unit that changes the content of the automatic accompaniment based on the function of the chord determined by the chord function determination unit is realized. Recording the program.

According to the present invention, the function of the chord determined from the performance information obtained by the user operating the performance manipulator group or reading from the performance data (including the pattern data) is determined, and the function is automatically determined based on the determination result. Change the content of the accompaniment. In tonal songs, the chord has a tonal function. They are interconnected and tied together, performing their assigned unique functions or roles within the key. Therefore, focusing on the function of the code,
It is possible to change the content of the automatic accompaniment in a form that matches the content of the performance (song). Even if the user performs a performance (operation) with a change in key such as transposition or transposition, the user can always perform a harmony with a musically natural and highly desirable accompaniment in accordance with the chord function.

[0020]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. <First Embodiment> FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a method of changing the content of automatic accompaniment in the first embodiment, and FIG. 2 is an electronic musical instrument (musical tone) equipped with the automatic accompaniment device according to the first embodiment. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 2, the electronic musical instrument has a CPU 201 for controlling the entire musical instrument, a ROM 202 and a RAM 203 accessed by the CPU 201, and a keyboard (a group of performance operators) 204 operated by a user.
A display device 205 for displaying image data sent from the CPU 201, and an automatic accompaniment data memory (hereinafter abbreviated as data memory) storing pattern data for automatic accompaniment.
206, a tone generator system 207 that emits a musical tone in accordance with an instruction from the CPU 201, and a switch group 208 including, in particular, various switches (not shown) and a circuit for detecting their operation states.

The operation of the above configuration will be described. When a power supply (not shown) is turned on, the CPU 201
By reading and executing the program stored in M202, control of the entire musical instrument is started. After that, R
While using the AM 203 for work, each unit is controlled according to operation information received from the keyboard 204 and the switch group 208.

Although not shown, various switches constituting the switch group 208 include a plurality of switches for selecting a tone color of a musical tone and a genre (rhythm) of an automatic accompaniment, and a mode for selecting various modes. There are a switch and a start / stop switch for instructing start or stop of automatic accompaniment. The operation state of these switches or the presence or absence of the operation is detected by a detection circuit thereof, and the detection result is used as operation information as CP.
It is sent to U201.

When the CPU 201 receives the operation information from the switch group 208, it changes the settings of each section according to the contents. To change the setting, for example, the value of the variable stored in the RAM 203 is rewritten, and if necessary, the command generated in accordance with the rewriting is
This is performed by sending the setting change target (for example, the sound source system 207). Thereby, the user can set the switch group 208
, The designation (selection) of the timbre and mode of the musical tone and the rhythm to be automatically accompanied can be performed.

The keyboard 204, for example, scans each key to detect a key whose operation state has changed, and indicates information (key number) indicating the key whose operation state has changed, information indicating the details of the change in the operation state, and the like. To the CPU 201 as operation information. The operation information is stored in the CPU in the form of MIDI data, for example.
Send to 201. Upon receiving the MIDI data as operation information, the CPU 201 immediately transmits the MIDI data to the sound source system 2.
Send to 07. As a result, in accordance with the operation of the keyboard 204 by the user, an instruction such as tone generation or silence is issued to the sound source system 207 in real time.

The sound source system 207 includes, for example, a sound source L
It comprises an SI, an A / D converter, an amplifier, and a speaker. The sound source LSI generates and outputs digital waveform data according to the MIDI data sent from the CPU 201, and the A / D converter converts the data into an analog audio signal. The audio signal is amplified by an amplifier and then input to a speaker, so that the sound source system 207 emits a musical sound.

When the user operates the start / stop switch to instruct the start of automatic accompaniment, the CPU 201
Reads and reproduces the pattern data to be reproduced from the pattern data stored in the data memory 206. The pattern data (sequence data) includes, for example, event data (for example, MIDI data) representing the content of an event in a performance, and time data (for example, a time interval between events (delta It is organized in such a way that data pairs consisting of data representing time) are arranged in accordance with the processing order. Therefore, the reproduction is not described in detail, but the CPU
This is performed by processing event data according to time data while sequentially changing the address from which data is read for each pattern data (part) to be reproduced by the 201, for example, by sending it to the sound source system 207.

At the end of the pattern data, unique data indicating the end (hereinafter referred to as end data for convenience) is added. After proceeding to the end data, the CPU 201 returns to the first event data and performs the process again. Thereby, the reproduction of the pattern data is repeated until the user operates the start / stop switch to instruct the end of the automatic accompaniment.

When the automatic accompaniment is started, the CPU 20
1 divides the keyboard 204 into two key ranges and assigns different functions to each key range. Hereinafter, the key range on the bass side will be referred to as the accompaniment key range, and the key range on the other treble side will be referred to as the melody key range.

When a key in the melody key range is operated, the CPU
As described above, the tone generator 201 generates a musical tone having a pitch assigned to the operated (depressed) key in real time.
When a key in the other accompaniment key range is operated, a chord specified by the user is determined from a key pressed in the key range and a combination thereof. The determination is made with reference to, for example, a code determination table shown in FIG. With the pitch of one of the keys pressed in the accompaniment key range (for example, the lowest key) as the root, the pitch (pitch difference in semitone units) between the key at that root and the other key pressed This is done by searching the table for a record that matches the combination of ()). Thus, for example, when three keys having a pitch name of C assigned to the root key and pitches of 4 and 7 with the key are pressed in the accompaniment key range, the C major is determined as a chord. Is done. If the note assigned to the root key is C, and three keys having pitches of 3 and 7, respectively, are pressed in the accompaniment key range, the C minor is determined as a chord. . If a record corresponding to the key combination pressed in the accompaniment key area does not exist in the table, it is determined that no code is specified.

The chord information may be obtained by sequentially reading chord progression data stored in advance in parallel with the pattern data, instead of obtaining the chord information from the key depression of the user.

First, the CPU 201 obtains a pitch (pitch difference) between the root of the chord designated by the user this time and a reference pitch (for example, the pitch of the root of C major).
The pitch is held in a variable prepared in advance (hereinafter referred to as a pitch register). With reference to the pitch held in the register, the pitch of a musical tone to be generated as an automatic accompaniment is changed (shifted). This allows the user to arbitrarily change (shift) the pitch of the musical tone generated by the automatic accompaniment.

The CPU 201 performs key determination after code determination, and stores data representing the determined key in a prepared variable (hereinafter referred to as a key data register).
Further, the function of the determined code is determined. The data (function data) representing the determined function (type) is stored in a prepared variable (hereinafter referred to as a function data register), and the contents previously stored in the variable are stored in a separately prepared variable (hereinafter referred to as a function data register). , Called a previous register).

It should be noted that a well-known method may be used for the key determination. References include, for example, JP-A-1-16778.
No. 2 and JP-A-4-163486. An example of the key determination is as follows. For example, the scale sound (note name) of the key already determined at that time is matched with the constituent sound (note name) of the determined chord, and if they match, the key is maintained. If not, it is determined that there is modulation. Then, when it is determined that there is modulation, a set of tones (note names) of a plurality of past chords including the determined chord is compared with the key determination table shown in FIG. Key candidates are narrowed down by searching from among them, and one key is specified according to the number of each note name in the above set. At this time, considering the note name of the melody sound and the note name of the auto-accompaniment sound that is pronounced (performed), and further reflecting the length of each sound in the number, more accurate key determination can be performed. It becomes possible.

Specifically, for example, the key up to that point is in C major (scale sounds: C, D, E, F, G, A and B)
And the determined chord is B minor (chord composition sound: B-
DF♯), it is determined that there is modulation. Then, the set of the constituent sounds of the latest plurality of chords is C, D,
If E, F♯, G and B are found, the major and minor in G are found from the key determination table. Then, the number of E and G in the above set is compared, and when G is large, it is determined that the key is in G major. When the first chord is specified, the specified code (for example, C major) may be set to the key (for example, C major).

In the other function determination, for example, the relative root frequency is calculated by subtracting the pitch of the determined key tone from the pitch of the chord root, and the calculated frequency is determined as the relative frequency from the function table prepared for function determination. This is performed by reading the record specified by the specified code type.

The contents of the function table are as follows, for example. Here, the relative root frequency is I, I
.., I, III,...
aj, minor is m, seventh is 7, major six is Maj6, major is Maj7, minor is m7, minor is @ 7 is m7-
5, and so on.

I Maj: tonic, I Maj6: tonic, I Maj7: tonic,..., II m:
Subdominant, II m7: Subdominant, ...
・, III m: tonic, III m7: tonic,
..., IV Maj: subdominant, IV Maj
6: Subdominant, IV Maj7: Subdominant, ..., V Maj: Dominant, V7: Dominant, ..., VI m: Tonic, VI m7: Tonic, ..., VII m7-5: Dominant,・ ・
・.

By referring to the function table as described above, for example, if the code type is E minor in D tone, the relative root frequency is II (2 degrees), and the function of the code is It is determined to be a subdominant.
If the chord type is C major in C tone, the relative root frequency is I (1 degree), so that the function of the chord is determined to be tonic. The result of the determination made in this manner is held in the function data register. In the following,
Tonics are abbreviated as T, dominant as D, and subdominant as S.

The above tables (code determination table,
The key determination table and the function table)
02 is prepared as control data. CPU
201 reads out these tables from the ROM 202 and determines each of the code, key and function. As is well known, most songs, with some exceptions, have tonality, and each chord in such a song has a tonal function. It is known that the impression received by the listener changes depending on the function and the way of proceeding. This means that function is an important factor in shaping music. For this reason, in the present embodiment, the contents of the automatic accompaniment are changed by focusing on the function. This allows the user to change the content of the automatic accompaniment in an intended manner. Unlike the case where only the chord type and the route are focused on, it is possible to reliably prevent the content of the automatic accompaniment from being variously changed in a manner not intended by the user.

For example, it is known that the progress of the function of D → T has a sense of stability. Focusing on the function, the contents of the automatic accompaniment can be changed in accordance with such musical undulations (flows). For this reason, in the performance, the user can always perform a harmony with a musically natural and highly desirable accompaniment in accordance with the chord function, no matter what key or chord is changed at any timing.

The automatic accompaniment is performed by the CPU 201 reproducing the pattern data stored in the data memory 206. In the present embodiment, the contents of the automatic accompaniment are changed by switching the pattern data to be reproduced. Automatic accompaniment usually consists of several parts. For this reason, a plurality of pattern data are prepared for each part, and the pattern data is switched according to the function of the chord. The switching method will be described with reference to FIG.

The first address table 101 shown in FIG. 1 includes, for each music genre designated by a number, for example, the second address table 1 of the genre stored at the head of the address represented by accomp_adrs in the data memory 206.
02 is a table that stores a start address of 02 (which is an address in the data memory 206). Acco in FIG.
mp_adrs_16beat represents the start address of the second address table 102 having a genre of 16 beats.

As described above, in this embodiment, pattern data is prepared for each part. Therefore, the second address table 102 stores the start address (the address in the data memory 206) for each pattern data prepared in the genre corresponding to the genre. At 16 beats, the drum (Dru
m), Bass, and Chord
Three pattern data for T, S, or D are prepared for each of the first to third data, and the start addresses thereof are stored in the second address table 102. Note that three 16 beats 1 to 3 are prepared for the 16 beats, and one of the chords 1 to 3 (contents of which, for example, sounding timings are different) is one of the user. Played according to the selection. The drum and bass parts are common.

The processing block 104 in FIG.
The PU 201, the ROM 202, and the RAM 203 correspond, and each time a code function is determined, pattern data to be reproduced is switched with reference to the second address table 102 according to the determination result. In the present embodiment, when the function data held in the function data register and the function data held in the previous register are different, the pattern data is switched. 16 beats (16 beats 1-3)
In the case of the pattern data, the switching is performed for each part. As a result, a pattern data group 10 consisting of three pattern data prepared for a chord 1 part (which becomes a reproduction target when the user selects 16 beat 1)
In No. 3, only one of the pattern data for T, S, and D is reproduced. If the determined code function is the same as before, the pattern data is not switched.

In this way, pattern data is switched by focusing on the code function. As a result, it is possible to avoid changing the content irrespective of musical undulations (flows) and the like, while performing the content of the performance (operations actually performed by the user,
And / or the contents of the pattern data to be reproduced).

For example, when playing a tune based on a C-tone white key pitch, the pattern data includes event data of a pitch A (La) having a pitch of 6 degrees from the root C (D) of the reference code. And when the user changes the route from C to E by specifying the Em code,
The pitch is C♯ (do). However, focusing on the function, there is no problem because the pitch of the sixth is B (S) when the route is changed from C to D by designating the Dm code (S) as it is in the pattern data for S. In the pattern data for T, instead of the pitch, a pitch G (G) having a pitch of, for example, 5 degrees is set (when the route is changed from C to E by designating the Em code (T)). B (B)), it is possible to avoid mixing the pitches of the black keys.

Next, the control operation of the CPU 201 will be described in detail with reference to the operation flowcharts shown in FIGS. FIG. 5 is an operation flowchart of the code function reflection process. This chord function reflection processing is executed when a key in the accompaniment key range of the keyboard 204 is operated, and changes the contents of the automatic accompaniment. This is a process for reflecting the function of the chord on the automatic accompaniment by switching the pattern data to be reproduced. First, the code function reflection processing will be described in detail with reference to FIG. Note that this processing is realized by the CPU 201 reading and executing a program stored in the ROM 202.

First, in step 501, a chord is determined from a combination of pitches of keys pressed in an accompaniment key range determined based on operation information received from the keyboard 204. If a new code cannot be detected by the determination, a series of processing ends here, although not particularly shown. If not, that is, if a new code is detected, key determination is performed from the code determination result in step 502, and then the contents of the key data register are updated and step 50 is performed.
Move to 3. In step 501, the amount of change (shift) of the pitch of the musical tone is determined from the chord determination result and held in the pitch register.

As described above, the chord judgment is performed by comparing the combination of the pitches to be judged with the chord judgment table of FIG. 3, and the other key judgment is made by the chord judgment determined in step 501. This is performed by comparing the combinations of the pitches (note names) of the constituent sounds, the contents of the key data register, the combinations of the scale sounds (note names) corresponding to the respective keys (key determination table in FIG. 4), and the like.

In step 503, a code function determination process for determining the function of the code determined in step 501 from the key determination result in step 502 is executed. After that, the process proceeds to step 504.

In step 504, it is determined whether or not the function of the code designated last time is different from the function of the code determined in step 503. By executing the code function determination processing in step 503, the contents (function data) held in the function data register and the previous register are updated. If the contents (functional data) held in those registers are the same, the determination is NO, and it is determined that there is no need to switch the pattern data, and a series of processing ends here. Otherwise, the determination is yes and the process moves to step 505.

After step 505, step 501
A process for switching the pattern data according to the function of the code determined in step 503 in the key determined in step 503 is performed.

First, at step 505, it is determined whether or not the code function is D. If the function of the code determined in step 501 is D, the determination is YES, and the flow shifts to step 506 to change the address of the pattern data of all parts to that of the pattern data for D. finish. If the function of the code is not D, the determination is no and the process moves to step 507.

The above address change is performed, for example, by searching for event data to be processed first after the reproduction position (reproduction time from the beginning) in the pattern data to be reproduced in the D pattern data.
When the processing timing is managed by the delta time, in addition to the change, the playback position at the time when the event data is processed (the playback position from the beginning in the D pattern data) is set as the time until the event data is processed. Time), and the time difference between the playback position of the pattern data to be played back (the playback time from the beginning). Current,
If there is a sound that is sounded as an automatic accompaniment, it is silenced at the timing when it should be silenced. In that way,
Switching is performed in consideration of the reproduction position of the pattern data to be reproduced until then. This prevents the automatic accompaniment from shifting from the user's performance due to the switching of the pattern data. this is,
The same applies when switching according to other code functions.

At step 507, it is determined whether or not the code function is S. If the function of the code determined in step 501 is S, the determination is YES and step 50
Then, the process goes to 8 to change the pattern data addresses of all the parts to those of the pattern data for S, and then a series of processes is terminated. If the function of the code is not S, that is, if the function is T, the determination is NO and the process proceeds to step 509, where the addresses of the pattern data of all parts are set to those of the pattern data for T. After making changes,
A series of processing ends.

As described above, the pattern data is switched by changing the address according to the code function. Thus, even if the user transposes or transposes the music and performs, the content of the automatic accompaniment is changed in accordance with the flow of the subsequent performance.

A detailed description of the process of sequentially reading out the pattern data and the process of changing (shifting) the pitch of the pattern data according to the contents of the pitch register to generate sound will be omitted.

Next, the code function determination processing executed as step 503 in the code function reflection processing will be described in detail with reference to the operation flowchart shown in FIG. This determination processing includes the code function reflection processing, the code determination result of step 501, and step 5
The key determination result of 02 is passed as an argument.

First, in step 601, step 50 is executed.
From the pitch of the root of the chord determined in step 1,
The relative root frequency is determined by subtracting the key (the pitch of the tonic) determined in step 2. In the following step 602, by referring to the function table using the obtained relative route frequency and the type of code determined in step 501,
The function in the key determined in step 502 of the code is determined. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step 603.

In step 603, the function data held in the function data register is held in the previous register. Accordingly, after updating the contents of the previous register, the process proceeds to step 604, and the function data obtained in step 602 is held in the function data register. After updating the contents of the previous register and the function data register in this manner, a series of processing is terminated.

In the present embodiment, the key data is obtained by determining the key based on the determination result of the code. However, the key data may be obtained by another method. For example, a switch or the like for designating a key may be provided, and key data may be obtained from an operation performed on the switch. Alternatively, the key data may be obtained from the pitch of a musical tone generated as a melody. Of course, they may be combined. Reference documents relating to determining a key from a performance operation for sounding a melody include, for example, Japanese Utility Model Application No. Sho 62-186356.
No. microfilm.

The pattern data is prepared for each part. For this reason, the pattern data to be reproduced may be associated in advance by the user for each part or function. In such a case, the range of music expression that can be performed by the user can be further expanded. <Second Embodiment> In the first embodiment, the contents of the automatic accompaniment are changed by switching the pattern data to be reproduced. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, the content of the automatic accompaniment is changed by preparing only one basic pattern data for each part and changing the content of the pattern data according to the function of the chord. It is something to do.

The configuration of the automatic accompaniment device according to the second embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment.
For this reason, the description of the second embodiment will be made using the reference numerals assigned in the first embodiment as they are.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a method of changing the contents of the automatic accompaniment according to the second embodiment. First, a method of changing the content of the automatic accompaniment will be described with reference to FIG. In the second embodiment, instead of preparing a plurality of pattern data, a table (pattern data conversion table) storing basic pattern data and rules for converting the contents thereof is prepared. Basic pattern data is prepared for each part. For this reason, a table is also prepared for each part according to the function of the code.

For this reason, the second address table 701 includes, in addition to the head address of the pattern data of each part, data specifying a pattern data conversion table to be used for each code function according to the part. It is stored. Second address table 70 for 16 beats
In FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. 7, data specifying a pattern data conversion table for T, S, and D is stored in each part of the base and the codes (codes 1 to 3).
The pattern data conversion table group 702 in FIG.
It is a collection of all pattern data conversion tables prepared for automatic accompaniment of beats.

Here, the data designating the pattern data conversion table is the head address of the area where it is stored in the data memory 206. "Ba" in FIG.
"ss-Tonic-table" or the like indicates the start address of the table corresponding to the "ss-Tonic-table". At the end of the area where the table is stored, unique data indicating that fact is arranged so that the division of the area can be recognized.

For a part in which the address of the pattern data conversion table is stored in the second address table 701, the CPU 201 switches the pattern data conversion table according to the function of the code every time a code is designated. The contents of the pattern data are changed according to the contents of the table and reproduced. Thereby, the content of the automatic accompaniment is changed according to the function of the designated chord.

As described above, when the pitch of the pattern data is changed (shifted) in accordance with the chord route, a pitch that does not match the tone of the musical piece may be mixed. For example, when playing a tune based on a C-tone white key pitch, if there is event data of pitch A (la) having a pitch of 6 degrees from the root C (do) of the reference chord in the pattern data, the user When the root is changed from C to E by specifying the Em code, the pitch becomes C♯ (do) and the pitch of the black key is mixed.

However, such a situation can be avoided, for example, by defining a combination of pitches (a combination different from the original) for each chord in a pattern data conversion table as a rule. In the above example, the difference value from the original pitch of the musical tone that becomes the pitch of the black key due to the route is set to +0 in the S pattern data conversion table and −2 (semitone) in the T pattern data conversion table.
By doing so, it is possible to avoid mixing the pitches of the black keys. For this reason, even if the pattern data conversion table is prepared for each function of the chord, as in the first embodiment, for the user, a musically natural and highly desirable accompaniment according to the chord function is provided. The ensemble can always be performed.

The conversion table has a smaller data amount than the pattern data. Thus, compared to the first embodiment, the capacity required for storing the data for automatic accompaniment is reduced, and the cost of the apparatus can be further reduced. Further, since the number of pattern data to be prepared is reduced, music data (pattern data and its conversion table, etc.) can be created more easily. This is an advantage not only for the manufacturer but also for the user.

FIG. 8 is an operation flowchart of the code function reflection processing in the second embodiment. Next, FIG.
The operation of the CPU 201 for changing the contents of the automatic accompaniment by switching the pattern data conversion table according to the function of the designated code will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

This reflection processing is also performed when the CPU 201
This is realized by reading and executing the program stored in 202. The flow of the processing is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, and the contents of each processing step are described in steps 506, 508, and 5 from the first embodiment.
Only 09 is different. Therefore, the same reference numerals are given to the processing steps having the same contents as those of the first embodiment,
Only processing steps different from those of the first embodiment will be described.

If a code having a function D different from that of the previous code is specified, the determination in step 505 becomes YES, and the routine goes to step 801. In step 801, the address of the pattern data conversion table of each part is changed to the address of the pattern data conversion table for D with reference to the second address table 701. afterwards,
A series of processing ends.

Since only one pattern data is prepared for each part, unlike the first embodiment, the address for designating the next data reading position in the pattern data is not changed. The CPU 201 changes the contents of the event data of the pattern data with reference to the pattern data conversion table, for example, when it is time to process the event data. Thereby, the contents of the table are reflected in the automatic accompaniment.

If a code having a function of S different from that before is specified, the determination in step 507 becomes YES, and the routine goes to step 802. Step 802
Then, referring to the second address table 701, the address of the pattern data conversion table for each part is changed to the address of the S pattern data conversion table. Thereafter, a series of processing ends.

If a code having a function of T different from the previous code is specified, the determination in step 507 is NO, and the flow shifts to step 803. In step 803, the address of the pattern data conversion table of each part is changed to the address of the pattern data conversion table for T with reference to the second address table 701. afterwards,
A series of processing ends.

The CPU 201 switches the pattern data conversion table to be referred to as described above. Thereby, the contents of the automatic accompaniment are changed according to the function of the designated chord.

In this embodiment, a pattern data conversion table is prepared for each part. For this reason, the user may be allowed to associate in advance a table to be referred to for each part or function.
In such a case, the range of music expression that can be performed by the user can be further expanded. <Third Embodiment> In the first and second embodiments, the contents of the pattern data are changed to change the contents of the automatic accompaniment. On the other hand, in the third embodiment, the content of the automatic accompaniment is changed by further sounding an additional sound (hereinafter referred to as an additional sound) in addition to the sound to be originally sounded as the automatic accompaniment. Things.

The configuration of the automatic accompaniment device according to the third embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment.
Therefore, the description of the third embodiment will be made by using the reference numerals assigned in the first embodiment as they are.

In the third embodiment, unlike the first embodiment, only one pattern data is prepared for each part. The additional sound is produced, for example, as a part different from the original part. In other words, the part is added to the original part according to the function of the designated code. For this purpose, although not particularly shown, the second address table stores the head address of the pattern data of each part. Thus, the contents of the automatic accompaniment are changed by referring to the second address table and switching the part to be sounded as the additional sound according to the function. By adding additional sounds, you can add accents, change the rhythm,
Or a fill-in effect.

FIG. 9 is an operation flowchart of a code function reflection process according to the third embodiment. Next, FIG.
The operation of the CPU 201 for changing the content of the automatic accompaniment by adding an additional sound (part) according to the function of the code designated by the user will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

This reflection processing is also performed when the CPU 201
This is realized by reading and executing the program stored in 202. The flow of the processing is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, and the contents of each processing step are described in steps 506, 508, and 5 from the first embodiment.
Only 09 is different. Therefore, the same reference numerals are given to the processing steps having the same contents as those of the first embodiment,
Only processing steps different from those of the first embodiment will be described.

If a code having a function D different from that of the previous code is specified, the determination in step 505 becomes YES and the routine goes to step 901. In the step 901, the part to be sounded as an additional sound is changed to a crash cymbal with reference to the second address table. Thereafter, a series of processing ends.

As described later, in the third embodiment,
As an additional sound (part), besides the crash cymbal,
Rim shot and bass drum sounds. The sounds are played by reproducing pattern data having a relatively short reproduction time. For this reason, in step 901, the pattern data corresponding to the additional sound to be newly sounded among the additional sound pattern data is added as a reproduction target, and the address thereof is set. Unlike the first embodiment, the address does not need to be determined according to the reproduction position of the pattern data that has been reproduced up to that point, so that the contents of the automatic accompaniment can be changed more easily.

If a code having an S function different from that before is specified, the determination in step 507 becomes YES, and the routine goes to step 902. Step 902
Then, referring to the second address table, the part to be sounded as an additional sound is changed to a rim shot. afterwards,
A series of processing ends.

If a code having a function of T different from the previous code is specified, the determination in step 507 is NO, and the flow shifts to step 903. In step 903, the part to be sounded as an additional sound is changed to a crash cymbal and a bass drum with reference to the second address table. Thereafter, a series of processing ends.

In this embodiment, the performance (accompaniment) is temporarily decorated by reproducing the pattern data corresponding to the additional sound. However, the pattern data is repeated until the additional sound is changed. You may make it reproduce | regenerate. The user may be able to select the additional sound and the time (period) for sounding the additional sound. <Fourth Embodiment> In the first to third embodiments, the content of the automatic accompaniment is changed according to the function of the designated chord. On the other hand, in the fourth embodiment,
The content of the automatic accompaniment is changed according to how the function has changed, in other words, according to the progress of the function.

The configuration of the automatic accompaniment device according to the fourth embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment.
Therefore, the description of the fourth embodiment will be made by using the reference numerals assigned in the first embodiment as they are.

In the fourth embodiment, a plurality of pattern data are prepared for each part. The end form (cadence) as the progress of the function is a harmony structure peculiar to the end of the music or the paragraph point of a large or small part. As the effects, there are various effects, such as a complete effect, an effect in which an intermediate part is settled and a subsequent part is expected, and an effect in which a light segment is felt. Since the final form has such an effect, pattern data is prepared focusing on the type of the final form. More specifically, two pattern data are prepared for a dominant termination progressing from D to T and a subdominant termination progressing from S to T.

The dominant end is defined by D in music theory.
It is said to eliminate the instability in the game and give it the strongest feeling. The function progress to be focused on is not limited to the end, and another function progress may be focused.

In the second address table, the head address is stored for each pattern data as in the first embodiment. The CPU 201 changes the contents of the automatic accompaniment by referring to the table and switching the pattern data according to the change in the function of the chord specified by the user.

FIG. 10 is an operation flowchart of a code function reflection process according to the fourth embodiment. Next, referring to FIG. 10, a CP that changes the content of the automatic accompaniment according to the progress (final form) of the function of the chord specified by the user
The operation of U201 will be described in detail.

This reflection processing is also performed when the CPU 201
This is realized by reading and executing the program stored in 202. The content of each processing step is
The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the processing in step 503 is completed. Therefore, the same reference numerals are given to the processing steps having the same contents as those in the first embodiment, and
Only the portions that are different from the first embodiment will be described.

As described above, by executing the code function determination process in step 503, the data of the function of the designated code is held in the function data register, and is held in the function data register until then. The function data is held in the previous register. In a step 1001 following the step 503, it is determined whether or not the function has progressed from D to T based on the data held in the registers. If the function of the chord has progressed from D to T, the determination becomes YES, and the flow shifts to step 1002 to change the pattern data addresses of all the parts to those of the DT progress pattern data. finish. Otherwise, the determination is no and the process moves to step 1003. Note that the address change in step 1002 is performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

In step 1003, it is determined whether or not the function has progressed from S to T based on the data held in each of the registers. If the function of the chord has progressed from S to T, the determination becomes YES, and the flow shifts to step 1004 to change the pattern data addresses of all the parts to those of the ST progress pattern data. finish. Otherwise, the determination is NO, and the series of processes is terminated assuming that there is no function to be performed to switch the pattern data. Step 1004
The address is changed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

By switching the pattern data as described above, the contents of the automatic accompaniment are changed in a manner that reflects the function progress (musical flow). As a result, it is possible for the user to perform an ensemble with an automatic accompaniment full of a sense of progress as a song.

In the fourth embodiment, the contents of the automatic accompaniment are changed by switching the pattern data according to the function progression. However, as in the second embodiment, a plurality of pattern data conversion tables are used. May be prepared, and the contents of the automatic accompaniment may be changed by switching the table to be used according to the function progress. Alternatively, as in the third embodiment, the content of the automatic accompaniment may be changed by switching the additional sound to be sounded according to the progress of the function. As is clear from these, the above-described embodiments can be variously combined.

As for the function progress, attention is paid only to the change of the function before and after, however, attention may be paid including the function progress up to that time. Alternatively, the user may be able to select the range of the function progression to be focused on.

This embodiment (first to fourth embodiments)
In the above, the chord function is determined from operation information obtained by operating the keyboard 204 by the user, but a MIDI terminal is provided, or a means for accessing a removable recording medium such as a ROM card is provided. The performance data from another source may be obtained so that the performance data can be reflected in the change of the content of the automatic accompaniment.

In the present embodiment, the present invention is applied to an automatic accompaniment device mounted on an electronic musical instrument. However, the automatic accompaniment device to which the present invention can be applied is not limited to an automatic accompaniment device mounted on an electronic musical instrument. The present invention can also be applied to a sequencer without a sound source provided with a MIDI terminal for outputting MIDI data. As is clear from this,
The present invention can be widely applied to automatic accompaniment devices.

A program for realizing the operation of the above-mentioned automatic accompaniment apparatus or the operation of the modification thereof is a CD-RO
It may be recorded on a recording medium such as an M, a floppy disk, or a magneto-optical disk and distributed. Alternatively, part or all of the program may be distributed using a communication line such as a public network. In such a case, the user can apply the present invention to the device by acquiring the program and loading it into an arbitrary automatic accompaniment device or information processing device. For this reason, the recording medium may be one that can be accessed by an apparatus that distributes the program.

[0103]

As described above, according to the present invention, the function of the chord determined from the performance information obtained by the user operating the performance operator group or reading the performance data from the recording medium is determined, and the determination is made. Change the content of the automatic accompaniment based on the result. Therefore, the contents of the automatic accompaniment can be automatically changed in accordance with the contents of the performance (melody or the like). As a result, the user can always perform an ensemble with a musically natural and highly desirable accompaniment in accordance with the chord function.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a method of changing the content of automatic accompaniment according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of an electronic musical instrument equipped with the automatic accompaniment device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the contents of a code determination table.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the contents of a key determination table.

FIG. 5 is an operation flowchart of a code function reflection process.

FIG. 6 is an operation flowchart of a code function determination process.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a method of changing the content of automatic accompaniment according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 8 is an operation flowchart of a code function reflection process (second embodiment).

FIG. 9 is an operation flowchart of a code function reflection process (third embodiment).

FIG. 10 is an operation flowchart of a code function reflection process (fourth embodiment).

[Explanation of symbols]

 201 CPU 202 ROM 203 RAM 204 Keyboard 206 Automatic accompaniment data memory 207 Sound source system 208 Switch group 101 First address table 102, 701 Second address table 103 Pattern data group 702 Pattern data conversion table group

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. An automatic accompaniment apparatus, comprising: performance information acquisition means for acquiring performance information indicating the contents of a performance; and performing automatic accompaniment according to the performance information acquired by the acquisition means. Code determining means for determining a chord from the performance information obtained, key data obtaining means for obtaining key data, and determining the function of the chord determined by the chord determining means based on the key data obtained by the key data obtaining means. An automatic accompaniment apparatus characterized by comprising: a chord function judging unit that performs the chord function judgment; 2. The key data acquiring unit acquires the key data by determining a key from performance information in which the chord determining unit determines a chord each time the chord determining unit determines a chord. The automatic accompaniment device according to claim 1, wherein: 3. The code function determining means divides a function of the code into a tonic, a subdominant, and a dominant, and determines a function of the code determined by the code determining means. The automatic accompaniment device as described. 4. The automatic accompaniment according to claim 1, wherein the automatic accompaniment control means changes the content of the automatic accompaniment in a different manner for each function of the chord determined by the chord function determining means. apparatus. 5. The automatic accompaniment according to claim 1, wherein the automatic accompaniment control means changes the content of the automatic accompaniment according to the progress of the function of the chord determined by the chord function determination means. apparatus. 6. The automatic accompaniment control means changes the pitch or rhythm of a tone to be pronounced as the automatic accompaniment, based on the function of the chord determined by the chord function determining means. The automatic accompaniment device according to claim 1, wherein the content of the accompaniment is changed. 7. The automatic accompaniment control means switches the pattern data for automatic accompaniment based on the function of the chord determined by the chord function determination means, switches a rule for changing the content of the pattern data, and The automatic accompaniment device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the content of the automatic accompaniment is changed by performing any one of adding an additional sound to the automatic accompaniment. 8. Performance information obtaining means capable of obtaining performance information indicating the contents of performance, code determining means for determining a chord from the performance information obtained by the performance information obtaining means, key data for obtaining key data. Acquiring means, code function determining means for determining the function of the code determined by the code determining means based on the key data acquired by the key data acquiring means, and based on the function of the code determined by the code function determining means. And an automatic accompaniment control means for changing the content of the automatic accompaniment.