JP3695968B2 - Ground improvement material and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Ground improvement material and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- JP3695968B2 JP3695968B2 JP33097698A JP33097698A JP3695968B2 JP 3695968 B2 JP3695968 B2 JP 3695968B2 JP 33097698 A JP33097698 A JP 33097698A JP 33097698 A JP33097698 A JP 33097698A JP 3695968 B2 JP3695968 B2 JP 3695968B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/46—Water-loss or fluid-loss reducers, hygroscopic or hydrophilic agents, water retention agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00732—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for soil stabilisation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は地盤改良材、すなわち石炭灰を利用したドレーン材などとしての地盤改良材およびその製造方法に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
産業廃棄物としての石炭灰の発生量は年間約７２０万トンであり、この量は年々増え続けており、数年先には１，２００万トンにも達すると予想されている。この石炭灰のうち有効利用量は約７０％であり、残りの３０％は灰処分場に埋立処分されている。また分野別の有効利用状況は、セメント分野が全体の６５％を占めているが、将来にわたって現在の数量が利用されるとは考えられない。また近年、埋立処分については環境保全の観点から新規確保が困難になってきており、新たな有効利用法の開発が急務になってきている。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
一方、土木分野においては海砂の採取が規制されつつあることから、サンドコンパクション工法などの地盤改良に必要な良質砂の枯渇が指摘されており、品質の悪化、改良コストの高騰にもなっている。
【０００４】
本発明は上記のような問題に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、サンドドレーン工法などに使用されるドレーン材などとしての地盤改良材およびその製造方法を提供することである。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
以上の課題を解決するための本発明の手段は、請求項１の発明が、石炭灰８５〜９３重量部に、硬化材７〜１５重量部と、保水材２〜３重量部と、水２０〜２５重量部を加えて、円筒混合ドラムの主軸に設けた攪拌羽根と、独立駆動チョッパーとからなる高速回転ミキサに投入し、前記攪拌羽根を８３ｒｐｍで５〜６分間高速回転させるとともに、独立駆動チョッパーを１５００ｒｐｍで５〜６分間高速回転させて２ｍｍ〜１０ｍｍの球形の造粒物を形成した後、該造粒物を常温養生して圧潰強度が２０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ ２ 以上の固化造粒物とすることを特徴とする。
また請求項２の発明が、石炭灰８５〜９３重量部に、セメント７〜１５重量部と、二水石膏７〜１０重量部と、保水材２〜３重量部と、水２０〜２５重量部を加えて、円筒混合ドラムの主軸に設けた攪拌羽根と、独立駆動チョッパーとからなる高速回転ミキサに投入し、前記攪拌羽根を８３ｒｐｍで５〜６分間高速回転させるとともに、独立駆動チョッパーを１５００ｒｐｍで５〜６分間高速回転させて２ｍｍ〜１０ｍｍの球形の造粒物を形成した後、該造粒物を常温養生して圧潰強度が２０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ ２ 以上の固化造粒物とすることを特徴とする。
また請求項３の発明が、請求項１において、硬化材はセメントであることを特徴とする。
また請求項４の発明が、請求項１または２において、保水材はベントナイトまたは粘性土であることを特徴とする。
また請求項５の発明が、請求項１または２において、常温養生は２０℃の温度で２８日間乾燥させることを特徴とする。
また請求項６の発明が、請求項１または２において、石炭灰は火力発電所のボイラーから排出されたものであることを特徴とする。
また請求項７の発明が、請求項６において、石炭灰は単位体積重量が１．０４ｇ／ｃｍ ３ のものであることを特徴とする。
【０００６】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の地盤改良材は、石炭灰にセメントと保水材と水、または石炭灰にセメントと二水石膏と保水材と水とを加えて造粒した球状の固化造粒物である。前記石炭灰は下記の表１に示す材料特性を備えたものである。
【０００７】
【表１】
このように従来の石炭灰とセメントのみの配合では、石炭灰の保水性が低いために安定した固化造粒物の製造が困難であったので、硬化材としてセメントまたはセメントと二水石膏、保水材としてはベントナイトまたは粘性土を使用することにより安定した固化造粒物の製造が可能となった。
【０００９】
この固化造粒物の粒度は２〜１０ｍｍの範囲で均一性を保持しており、シルト分以下に相当する粒度は含まれない。また圧潰強度は２８日強度で２０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2以上である。さらに固化造粒物を５層に分け、各層１１３回突固めた後の透水係数は砂と同程度である。
【００１０】
したがって、上記の地盤改良材をドレーン材またはコンパクション材または排水用敷砂として十分に使用することができる。
【００１１】
また、配合割合において石炭灰が８５重量部未満の場合は、高速回転ミキサの出口の造粒物貯蔵槽内で造粒物が付着して固まり取り扱いが困難になり、９３重量部を越えると強度が足りなくなる。また、硬化材が７重量部未満の場合は強度が足りなくなり、１５重量部を越えると高速回転ミキサの出口の造粒物貯蔵槽内で造粒物が付着して固まって取り扱いが困難になる。また、ベントナイトが２重量部未満の場合は造粒が不安定となり、３重量部を越えると高速回転ミキサの出口の造粒物貯蔵槽内で造粒物が付着して固まり取り扱いが困難になる。さらに、水が２０重量部未満の場合は目的とする形状にならず、２５重量部を越えると必要な強度に達しない。
【００１２】
したがって、前記の配合割合は固化造粒物の粒度、圧潰強度、透水係数の面から、石炭灰９０重量部に、セメント１０重量部と、保水材３重量部と、水２０重量部が最適となる。
【００１３】
また、上記のものに二水石膏を加えた地盤改良材は、二水石膏が７重量部未満の場合はセメントの量が増えるため非経済的となり、１０重量部を越えると次第に造粒が不安定になる。
【００１４】
したがって、前記の配合割合は固化造粒物の粒度、圧潰強度、透水係数の面から、石炭灰９３重量部に、セメント７重量部と、二水石膏１０重量部と、保水材２重量部と、水２１．２重量部が最適となる。
【００１５】
これらの混合造粒は、図１に示す高速回転ミキサ１で行われる。この高速回転ミキサ１は円筒混合ドラム２（以下ドラム）の主軸３に設けた攪拌羽根４と、独立駆動チョッパー（以下チョッパー）５とから構成され、前記攪拌羽根４を８３ｒｐｍで５〜６分間高速回転させるとともに、チョッパー５を１,５００ｒｐｍで５〜６分間高速回転させて粒度が２〜１０ｍｍの球状の造粒物を形成する。
【００１６】
このように形成された造粒物をドラム２の中から取り出して、２０℃の温度で２８日間乾燥させると、圧潰強度が２０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2以上の固化造粒物を得ることができる。
【００１７】
【実施例１】
火力発電所のボイラーから排出された石炭灰を使用して、石炭灰９０重量部と、普通ポルトランドセメント１０重量部と、ベントナイト３重量部と、水２１重量部とを前述の高速回転ミキサ１のドラム２内に投入して、攪拌羽根４を８３ｒｐｍで５〜６分間高速回転させるとともに、チョッパー５を１,５００ｒｐｍで５〜６分間高速回転させて球状の造粒物を形成する。そして、この造粒を２０℃で２８日間養生して固化造粒物を製造した。
【００１８】
【実施例２】
また、実施例１と同様の石炭灰を使用して、石炭灰８５重量部と、普通ポルトランドセメント１５重量部と、ベントナイト３重量部と、水２１重量部とを前述の高速回転ミキサ１のドラム５内に投入し、実施例１と同じ方法で固化造粒物を製造した。
【００１９】
【実施例３】
また、実施例１と同様の石炭灰を使用して、石炭灰９０重量部と、普通ポルトランドセメント１０重量部と、粘性土３重量部と、２１重量部とを前述の高速回転ミキサ１のドラム５内に投入し、実施例１と同じ方法で固化造粒物を製造した。
【００２０】
【実施例４】
また、実施例１と同様の石炭灰を使用して、石炭灰９３重量部と、普通ポルトランドセメント７重量部と、二水石膏１０重量部と、ベントナイト２重量部と、水２１,２重量部とを前述の高速回転ミキサ１のドラム５内に投入し、実施例１と同じ方法で固化造粒物を製造した。
【００２１】
表２は上記のように実施例１〜４の固化造粒物の物理特性、すなわち粒度、形状、スレーキング率、透水係数および圧潰強度を示したものである。
【００２２】
【表２】
上記のように粒度は細粒分が少なく、ほとんど２〜１０ｍｍの範囲に分布し、平均粒径は５ｍｍである。またほぼ球形に形成されている。またスレーキング率の算定は２０ｍｍふるいの通過分で評価した結果、０,１１％ときわめて低い。また、透水係数は固化造粒物を５層に分け、各層１１３回突固めた後のものであり、砂と同程度である。さらに圧潰強度は２１,０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2であり、ドレーン材などとして満足するものである。このような結果から本願発明の下記の効果が達成できることを確認できた。
【００２４】
【発明の効果】
砂に代わってドレーン材、コンパクション材、排水用敷砂としての地盤改良材として十分に使用することができる。
【００２５】
砂に代わるドレーン材、コンパクション材、排水用敷砂としての地盤改良材を製造することができる。
【００２６】
粒径が均一な固化造粒物を形成することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】高速回転ミキサの斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 高速回転ミキサ
２ ドラム
３ 主軸
４ 攪拌羽根
５ チョッパー[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a ground improvement material, that is, a ground improvement material as a drain material using coal ash, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The amount of coal ash generated as industrial waste is about 7.2 million tons per year, and this amount is increasing year by year, and is expected to reach 12 million tons in the next few years. The effective amount of coal ash is about 70%, and the remaining 30% is landfilled at the ash disposal site. In terms of effective utilization by field, the cement field accounts for 65% of the total, but it is unlikely that the current quantity will be used in the future. In recent years, it has become difficult to secure new landfill disposal from the viewpoint of environmental conservation, and the development of new effective utilization methods has become an urgent task.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
On the other hand, since the collection of sea sand is being regulated in the civil engineering field, it has been pointed out that the high quality sand required for ground improvement such as the sand compaction method has been pointed out, leading to deterioration in quality and rising improvement costs. Yes.
[0004]
This invention is made | formed in view of the above problems, The objective is to provide the ground improvement material as a drain material etc. which are used for a sand drain construction method etc., and its manufacturing method.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The means of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is that the invention of
Further, the invention of claim 2 is based on 85 to 93 parts by weight of coal ash, 7 to 15 parts by weight of cement, 7 to 10 parts by weight of dihydrate gypsum, 2 to 3 parts by weight of a water retaining material, and 20 to 25 parts by weight of water. Is added to a high-speed rotating mixer consisting of a stirring blade provided on the main shaft of the cylindrical mixing drum and an independently driven chopper, and the stirring blade is rotated at a high speed for 5 to 6 minutes at 83 rpm, and the independent driving chopper is rotated at 1500 rpm. After rotating at high speed for 5 to 6 minutes to form a spherical granulated product of 2 mm to 10 mm, the granulated product is cured at room temperature to obtain a solidified granulated product having a crushing strength of 20 kgf / cm 2 or more. To do.
The invention of claim 3 is characterized in that, in
The invention of
The invention of
The invention of claim 6 is characterized in that, in
The invention of claim 7, in claim 6, wherein the coal ash is one unit volume weight of 1.04 g / cm 3.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The ground improvement material of the present invention is a spherical solidified granulated product obtained by granulating coal ash with cement, water retaining material and water, or adding coal, dihydrate gypsum, water retaining material and water to coal ash. The coal ash has the material properties shown in Table 1 below.
[0007]
[Table 1]
As described above, since the conventional coal ash and cement-only composition has low water retention of coal ash, it is difficult to produce a stable solidified granulated product. Therefore, cement or cement and dihydrate gypsum, By using bentonite or cohesive soil as a material, it became possible to produce a stable solidified granulated product.
[0009]
The solidified granule has a uniform particle size in the range of 2 to 10 mm, and does not include a particle size corresponding to a silt content or less. The crushing strength is 20 kgf / cm 2 or more at 28 days strength. Further, the solidified granulated product is divided into five layers, and the water permeability after each layer is rammed 113 times is about the same as that of sand.
[0010]
Therefore, the above ground improvement material can be sufficiently used as a drain material, a compaction material, or a drainage sand.
[0011]
Further, when the coal ash is less than 85 parts by weight in the blending ratio, the granule adheres in the granule storage tank at the outlet of the high-speed rotary mixer and becomes difficult to handle, and when it exceeds 93 parts by weight Is not enough. Further, when the amount of the hardened material is less than 7 parts by weight, the strength is insufficient, and when it exceeds 15 parts by weight, the granulated material adheres in the granule storage tank at the outlet of the high-speed rotary mixer and becomes difficult to handle. . In addition, when the bentonite is less than 2 parts by weight, the granulation becomes unstable, and when it exceeds 3 parts by weight, the granulated material adheres in the granule storage tank at the outlet of the high-speed rotating mixer and becomes hard to handle. . Furthermore, when the amount of water is less than 20 parts by weight, the desired shape is not obtained, and when it exceeds 25 parts by weight, the required strength is not reached.
[0012]
Therefore, the blending ratio is optimally 90 parts by weight of coal ash, 10 parts by weight of cement, 3 parts by weight of water retaining material, and 20 parts by weight of water in terms of the particle size, crush strength, and water permeability of the solidified granulated product. Become.
[0013]
In addition, the ground improvement material in which dihydrate gypsum is added to the above is uneconomical when the amount of dihydrate gypsum is less than 7 parts by weight because the amount of cement increases, and when it exceeds 10 parts by weight, granulation gradually becomes impossible. Become stable.
[0014]
Therefore, the blending ratio is as follows. From the viewpoint of the particle size, crush strength, and water permeability of the solidified granulated product, 93 parts by weight of coal ash, 7 parts by weight of cement, 10 parts by weight of dihydric gypsum, 21.2 parts by weight of water is optimal.
[0015]
These mixed granulations are performed by the high-
[0016]
When the granulated product thus formed is taken out from the drum 2 and dried at a temperature of 20 ° C. for 28 days, a solidified granulated product having a crushing strength of 20 kgf / cm 2 or more can be obtained.
[0017]
[Example 1]
Using the coal ash discharged from the boiler of the thermal power plant, 90 parts by weight of coal ash, 10 parts by weight of ordinary Portland cement, 3 parts by weight of bentonite, and 21 parts by weight of water are mixed in the high-
[0018]
[Example 2]
In addition, using the same coal ash as in Example 1, 85 parts by weight of coal ash, 15 parts by weight of ordinary Portland cement, 3 parts by weight of bentonite, and 21 parts by weight of water were added to the drum of the high-
[0019]
[Example 3]
Further, using the same coal ash as in Example 1, 90 parts by weight of coal ash, 10 parts by weight of ordinary Portland cement, 3 parts by weight of clay soil, and 21 parts by weight of the drum of the high-
[0020]
[Example 4]
In addition, using the same coal ash as in Example 1, 93 parts by weight of coal ash, 7 parts by weight of ordinary Portland cement, 10 parts by weight of dihydrate gypsum, 2 parts by weight of bentonite, and 21,2 parts by weight of water Were put into the
[0021]
Table 2 shows the physical properties of the solidified granules of Examples 1 to 4, that is, the particle size, shape, slaking rate, water permeability coefficient, and crushing strength as described above.
[0022]
[Table 2]
As described above, the particle size is small in fine particles, distributed almost in the range of 2 to 10 mm, and the average particle size is 5 mm. Moreover, it is formed in a substantially spherical shape. In addition, the calculation of the slaking rate is as low as 0.11% as a result of evaluation with the passage of 20 mm sieve. Further, the water permeability coefficient is obtained by dividing the solidified granulated product into five layers and tamped each layer 113 times, which is about the same as sand. Furthermore, the crushing strength is 21.0 kgf / cm 2, which is satisfactory as a drain material. From these results, it was confirmed that the following effects of the present invention can be achieved.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
Instead of sand, it can be sufficiently used as a drainage material, compaction material, and ground improvement material as drainage sand.
[0025]
It is possible to manufacture drainage materials, compaction materials, and ground improvement materials as drainage sand instead of sand.
[0026]
A solidified granulated product having a uniform particle size can be formed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a high-speed rotary mixer.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 High-speed rotary mixer 2 Drum 3
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP33097698A JP3695968B2 (en) | 1998-11-20 | 1998-11-20 | Ground improvement material and manufacturing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP33097698A JP3695968B2 (en) | 1998-11-20 | 1998-11-20 | Ground improvement material and manufacturing method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000154526A JP2000154526A (en) | 2000-06-06 |
| JP3695968B2 true JP3695968B2 (en) | 2005-09-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP33097698A Expired - Fee Related JP3695968B2 (en) | 1998-11-20 | 1998-11-20 | Ground improvement material and manufacturing method thereof |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3695968B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5072988B2 (en) * | 2010-02-25 | 2012-11-14 | 中国電力株式会社 | Granules for water purification, water purification method |
| JP6523142B2 (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2019-05-29 | 恵和興業株式会社 | Preformed ash granulated material and roadbed material or filling material using this granulated material |
| JP6803583B2 (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2020-12-23 | 中国電力株式会社 | Soil conditioner, its manufacturing method and soil conditioner |
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1998
- 1998-11-20 JP JP33097698A patent/JP3695968B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2000154526A (en) | 2000-06-06 |
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