JP3579623B2 - Solar cell module - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a solar cell module having fire prevention performance.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In December 1997, the Protocol of the Kyoto Conference on Global Warming Prevention (CP3) was adopted. As a measure to prevent global warming, the emission of CO2 and other substances in 1990 was set as a global standard between 2008 and 2012. The goal was to reduce the percentage.
[0003]
Residential energy consumed in Japanese housing has been steadily increasing in recent years, and residential solar power generation systems are expected as a clean energy source, and demand is growing. In response to this growing demand, a subsidy system for individuals installing a solar power generation system on the roof of a house, etc. was established as a system monitor business in 1994 (changed to a residential solar power installation infrastructure development business in 1997). Since the start, demand for private housing has been steadily expanding. In addition, based on the New Energy Introduction Charter decided by the Cabinet, it is necessary to increase the economic merit of users in order to spread the solar power system more widely, not only the module itself but also the rack, peripheral equipment, construction costs, etc. It is important to reduce the cost of the entire system including the system.
[0004]
Building material integrated types that also use solar cell modules as roofing materials are promising in terms of streamlining construction and reducing costs, but have certain restrictions due to the Building Standards Law. Articles 22, 25 and 63 of the Building Standards Law stipulate that "the roof of a house must be made of non-combustible material or roofed." Therefore, a building material integrated solar cell module has the same performance. Required.
[0005]
Conventional solar cell modules for residential use include: 1) a method of installing a gantry on a non-combustible roof material and mounting the solar cell module on the gantry; 2) roofing with a metal roof material when the gantry is omitted Therefore, it was difficult to reduce the construction cost because the method of mounting the solar cell module was adopted.
[0006]
On the other hand, according to the revised Building Standard Law enforced in June 1998 and 2000, "The roof structure is required for roofs to prevent fires from building due to the sparks of fires assuming ordinary fires. Performance shall be stipulated in the technical standards stipulated by Cabinet Order in accordance with the classification of the structure and use of the building, and shall be based on the structure method specified by the Minister of Construction or have been certified by the Minister of Construction. " Was done.
[0007]
The outdoor side of the roof is required to have safety against fires from adjacent buildings and city fires, radiant heat and flying sparks. In accordance with the amendment of this law, a test was conducted in accordance with the “External Fire Heating Test Method for Roofs (draft)” studied by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and roofs were roofed with noncombustible materials by further limiting the installation area. If it is proved that it has the same or higher fire protection performance than that of the above, it will be evaluated by the Disaster Prevention Evaluation Committee and certified by the Minister of Construction, it will be possible to supply the building material integrated solar cell module to the market.
[0008]
The criterion for the acceptance of the test is that a fire is placed on a building material-integrated solar cell module directly attached to a rooftop base plate of a house, burned out, and then the baseplate is not penetrated by combustion.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The conventional residential solar cell module uses EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), which is a combustible material, as a module filler, and thus burns out to the ground plate during the test. As a countermeasure, burnout is prevented by adopting a steel sheet-containing film as the back cover of the back surface of the solar cell module.
[0010]
However, when a test is performed by placing a fire directly above the output terminal box, EVA is gasified and blows out from a hole formed in the back cover to pass the lead wire introduced into the output terminal box, and ignites by firing. It will burn out until.
[0011]
An object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell module that satisfies the requirements for a fire prevention test and has fire protection performance.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention, a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged in a plane,
A light-transmitting plate disposed on the light-receiving surface side of the photoelectric conversion element,
A back cover member arranged on the back side of the photoelectric conversion element,
A filler filled between the translucent plate and the back cover member,
In a solar cell module comprising a lead wire for extracting a photoelectric output to the outside,
An opening is formed in the back cover member for the lead wire to pass through,
A mat member for covering the opening is disposed inside the back cover member, and the back cover member and the mat member are made of a material including the same metal foil, and the back cover member and the mat member come into direct contact with each other. The solar cell module is characterized in that the lead wire penetrates the mat member at a position different from the opening .
[0013]
According to the present invention, the filler is enclosed by both the mat member and the back cover member by disposing the mat member inside the back cover member so as to cover the opening. Therefore, when a fire is placed on the outdoor side near the opening during the fire prevention test, even if the filler gasifies due to a rise in temperature, the opening is covered with the mat member, so the filler gas flows from the opening. Blowing out can be prevented, and burnout to the ground plate can be prevented. Since the back cover member and the mat member are made of the same material including the same metal foil, the thermal expansion coefficients of the back cover member and the mat member match, so that the manufacturing process of the solar cell module, for example, sealing such as vacuum lamination Even when thermal stress is applied in the integration processing step, generation of bubbles due to entrainment of air can be prevented, and the yield can be improved. Further, even when a thermal stress is applied due to a fire type in the fire prevention test, the heat deformation of the back cover member and the mat member coincide, so that the heat resistance can be improved. Since the back cover member and the mat member are in direct contact with each other, the portions directly below the back cover opening and the mat opening are opposed to each other, and there is no flammable organic material. No worries. Since the lead wire passes through the mat member at a position different from the opening, the mat member can be mechanically positioned by penetrating the mat member. Therefore, even when the back cover member and the mat member expand due to the gas pressure of the filler during the fire prevention test, the displacement of the mat member can be prevented. Further, since the position of the through hole through which the lead wire passes through the mat member is different from the position of the opening, the sealing of the filler is ensured.
[0014]
Further, it is preferable that the mat member is brought into close contact with the back cover member so that no filler is present between the mat member and the back cover member, whereby the sealing strength can be improved.
[0015]
In addition, as the solar cell module to which the present invention can be applied, a) a crystal solar cell module having a superstrate structure composed of a light transmitting plate, a filler, a solar cell, and a back cover member, and b) a light transmitting insulating substrate. A unit cell in which a transparent conductive film electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a back electrode film layer are laminated on the substrate, a filler, and a superstrate integrated thin film solar cell module composed of a back cover member.
[0022]
Further, the invention is characterized in that the lead wire bypasses the mat member at a position different from the opening.
[0023]
According to the present invention, the lead wire functions to press the end surface of the mat member by bypassing the mat member. Therefore, even when the back cover member and the mat member expand due to the gas pressure of the filler during the fire prevention test, the displacement of the mat member can be prevented. Further, since the position of the through hole through which the lead wire passes through the mat member is different from the position of the opening, the sealing of the filler is ensured.
[0024]
Furthermore, since the mat member can maintain uniform airtightness, it is possible to prevent air bubbles from being generated due to entrainment of air in a manufacturing process of a solar cell module, for example, a sealing and integrating process such as vacuum lamination, thereby improving the yield.
[0025]
Further, the present invention is characterized in that both surfaces and end surfaces of the mat member are covered with an electrically insulating material.
[0026]
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the electrical short circuit between a mat member and a photoelectric conversion element, a lead wire, and other conductive members can be prevented reliably.
[0027]
Further, the present invention is characterized in that the through hole through which the lead wire passes through the mat member has a slit shape.
[0028]
According to the present invention, since the opening area of the through-hole can be reduced, even if the filler gas flows out of the through-hole in the fire prevention test, the gas ejection amount can be suppressed.
[0029]
Further, the invention is characterized in that the opening has a slit shape.
[0030]
According to the present invention, since the opening area of the opening can be reduced, even if the filler gas should flow out of the opening during the fire prevention test, the amount of gas ejection can be suppressed.
[0031]
Further, in the invention, it is preferable that the slit shape includes a slit and round holes formed at both ends of the slit.
[0032]
According to the present invention, by forming round holes at both ends of the slit, stress concentration at both ends of the slit can be reduced. Therefore, even if the back cover member and the mat member are swelled and broken by the gas pressure of the filler during the fire prevention test, the continuous cracks are stopped at the round holes at both ends of the slit, so that damage can be minimized. .
[0033]
Further, the present invention is characterized in that the lead wire is coated with an electrically insulating material.
[0034]
According to the present invention, an electrical short circuit between the lead wire and the photoelectric conversion element, the mat member, the back cover member, and other conductive members can be reliably prevented.
[0035]
Further, the present invention is characterized in that an output terminal box for connecting a lead wire and an external cable is provided outside the opening.
[0036]
According to the present invention, since the external space of the opening can be enclosed by the output terminal box, even if the filler gas flows out of the opening during the fire prevention test, the amount of gas emission can be suppressed. In addition, since the connection work of the external cable is facilitated, the construction cost can be reduced.
[0037]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the configuration of the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view thereof. The solar cell module includes a plurality of solar cells 1 arranged in a plane, a white sheet tempered glass 3 arranged on the light receiving surface side of the solar cells 1, and a back cover arranged on the back side of the solar cells 1. 10, a light-receiving surface-side filler 4 and a back-side filler 5 filled between the white sheet tempered glass 3 and the back cover 10, and a lead wire 6 for taking out the photoelectric output output from the solar cell 1 to the outside. It is composed of
[0038]
As shown in FIG. 1, the photovoltaic cells 1 are configured such that light-receiving side electrodes and back side electrodes of adjacent cells are alternately connected by an interconnector 2 and are arranged in series in a string. As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of strings are connected in parallel, and the photoelectric output of the entire module is transmitted to the outside via a lead wire 6. The interconnector 2 is formed of a solder dip copper ribbon wire (rough copper wire for electric use) or the like.
[0039]
The solar cell 1 is sandwiched between the white-plate tempered glass 3 and the back cover 10, and the light-receiving-surface-side filler 4 is loaded between the white-plate tempered glass 3 and the solar cell 1. Is filled with the backside filler 5. The light receiving surface side filler 4 and the back surface side filler 5 are made of a material having a light transmitting property and an electrical insulation property. For example, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) can be used. Integrate.
[0040]
The solar cell 1 is sealed by such a laminated structure to ensure airtightness, waterproofness, electrical insulation, and the like. The periphery of the white sheet tempered glass 3 and the back cover 10 is surrounded by a reinforcing frame (not shown).
[0041]
The back cover 10 is made of a material having heat resistance, flexibility, and electrical insulation. For example, a sandwich in which the front and back of a 50-μm-thick galvanized steel sheet is coated with a 50-μm-thick synthetic resin film (PET: polyethylene terephthalate). Structures can be used.
[0042]
A back cover opening 11 for taking out a lead wire is formed in the back cover 10, and the lead wire 6 passes through the back cover opening 11 and is led out. An output terminal box 13 having an output terminal box opening 12 is provided outside the back cover opening 11, and the lead wires 6 and the output terminal cables 14 are connected inside the output terminal box 13.
[0043]
The mat 7 is disposed in close contact with the inside of the back cover 10 so as to cover the back cover opening 11, thereby ensuring airtightness inside the module. At this time, no filling adhesive (for example, EVA) is interposed between the back cover 10 and the mat 7, and both are in direct contact with each other. Therefore, the flammable filling adhesive is not gasified and ejected from the back cover opening 11 by heating with a flame or the like. The mat 7 is made of a material having heat resistance, flexibility, and electrical insulation. The same material as the back cover 10 is preferable. For example, the above-described sandwich structure of PET-galvanized steel sheet-PET can be used. Since the mat 7 and the back cover 10 are made of a material containing the same metal foil, the thermal expansion coefficients of the mat 7 and the back cover 10 match, so that wrinkles and tears do not occur in a manufacturing process in which a thermal stress is applied or in a fire test.
[0044]
As shown in FIG. 1, the mat 7 has a mat opening 8 for taking out a lead wire at a position different from the back cover opening 11, and the lead wire 6 passes through the mat opening 8 from inside the module. 7 is sandwiched between the back cover 7 and the back cover 10, and further passes through the back cover opening 11 and is led out.
[0045]
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the shape of the mat 7. The end face of the mat 7 is covered with a mat end face insulating tape 9 because the cut surface of the metal foil is exposed. The material of the tape 9 is preferably one having an electric insulation withstand voltage of 5 kV or more, for example, a Kapton tape or the like, and more preferably a material that has passed a flame retardant standard such as UL standard. The end surface of the mat opening 8 is also covered with a similar electrically insulating tape.
[0046]
By performing such an electrical insulation treatment on the mat 7, an electrical short circuit between the mat 7 and another conductive member, for example, the solar cell 1, the interconnector 2, the lead wire 6, and the like can be reliably prevented.
[0047]
Similarly, by covering the lead wire 6 with an electrically insulating material, an electrical short circuit between the lead wire 6 and another member, for example, the solar cell 1, the interconnector 2, the mat 7, and the back cover 10 is ensured. Can be prevented.
[0048]
The mat opening 8 has a slit shape to minimize the opening area. In particular, since a round hole-shaped slit stopper 41 is formed at both ends of the slit to reduce stress concentration at both ends, it is possible to prevent the crack from expanding when the crack occurs. Further, the mat 7 can be mechanically positioned by the lead wires 6 penetrating the mat 7.
[0049]
On the other hand, the back cover opening 11 of the back cover 10 also preferably has a slit shape in order to make the opening area as small as possible, and it is preferable to form round hole-shaped slit stoppers at both ends of the slit.
[0050]
A fire prevention test (flying fire test) was conducted with the solar cell module constructed as described above mounted on a base plate. As a result, there was no burnout to the base plate, and good fire protection performance was obtained. The result which can be put to practical use as a solar cell module was obtained.
[0051]
In particular, when a fire is placed on the outdoor side near the back cover opening 11, even if the fillers 4 and 5 are gasified due to a temperature rise, the inside of the back cover opening 11 is covered with the mat 7, Material gas does not blow out from the back cover opening 11. Since the outside of the mat opening 8 is also covered by the back cover 10, the filler gas does not leak from the mat opening 8.
[0052]
Further, since the back cover opening 11 and the mat opening 8 are slit-shaped, even if the filler gas should flow out of the slit during the fire prevention test, the amount of gas ejection can be remarkably suppressed. Furthermore, even if a crack occurs in the back cover 10 or the mat 7 at the position of each opening, a round hole-shaped slit stopper is formed at both ends of the slit, so that it is possible to prevent the crack from continuously expanding.
[0053]
Further, by installing the output terminal box 13 outside the back cover opening 11, the sealing property of the back cover opening 11 is improved, and the filler gas leaks out of the back cover opening 11 during a fire prevention test. Even in this case, the amount of gas ejection can be significantly reduced.
[0054]
FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing the configuration of the second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view thereof. The overall configuration of the present embodiment is the same as that of FIG. 1 except that the lead wire 6 bypasses the end surface of the mat 7 without forming the mat opening 8 in the mat 7.
[0055]
The solar cell module includes a plurality of solar cells 1 arranged in a plane, a white sheet tempered glass 3 arranged on the light receiving surface side of the solar cells 1, and a back cover arranged on the back side of the solar cells 1. 10, a light-receiving surface-side filler 4 and a back-side filler 5 filled between the white sheet tempered glass 3 and the back cover 10, and a lead wire 6 for taking out the photoelectric output output from the solar cell 1 to the outside. It is composed of
[0056]
As shown in FIG. 4, the photovoltaic cells 1 are configured such that light-receiving side electrodes and back side electrodes of adjacent cells are alternately connected by an interconnector 2 and arranged in a string in series. As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of strings are connected in parallel, and the photoelectric output of the entire module is transmitted to the outside via a lead wire 6. The interconnector 2 is formed of a solder dip copper ribbon wire (rough copper wire for electric use) or the like.
[0057]
The solar cell 1 is sandwiched between the white-plate tempered glass 3 and the back cover 10, and the light-receiving-surface-side filler 4 is loaded between the white-plate tempered glass 3 and the solar cell 1. Is filled with the backside filler 5. The light receiving surface side filler 4 and the back surface side filler 5 are made of a material having a light transmitting property and an electrical insulation property. For example, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) can be used. Integrate.
[0058]
The solar cell 1 is sealed by such a laminated structure to ensure airtightness, waterproofness, electrical insulation, and the like. The periphery of the white sheet tempered glass 3 and the back cover 10 is surrounded by a reinforcing frame (not shown).
[0059]
The back cover 10 is made of a material having heat resistance, flexibility, and electrical insulation. For example, a sandwich in which the front and back of a 50-μm-thick galvanized steel sheet is coated with a 50-μm-thick synthetic resin film (PET: polyethylene terephthalate). Structures can be used.
[0060]
A back cover opening 11 for taking out a lead wire is formed in the back cover 10, and the lead wire 6 passes through the back cover opening 11 and is led out. An output terminal box 13 having an output terminal box opening 12 is provided outside the back cover opening 11, and the lead wires 6 and the output terminal cables 14 are connected inside the output terminal box 13.
[0061]
The back cover opening 11 preferably has a slit shape in order to make the opening area as small as possible, and furthermore, it is preferable to form round hole-shaped slit stoppers at both ends of the slit.
[0062]
The mat 7 is disposed in close contact with the inside of the back cover 10 so as to cover the back cover opening 11, thereby ensuring airtightness inside the module. The mat 7 is made of a material having heat resistance, flexibility, and electrical insulation. The same material as the back cover 10 is preferable. For example, the above-described sandwich structure of PET-galvanized steel sheet-PET can be used. Since the mat 7 and the back cover 10 are made of a material containing the same metal foil, the thermal expansion coefficients of the mat 7 and the back cover 10 match, so that wrinkles and tears do not occur in a manufacturing process in which a thermal stress is applied or in a fire test.
[0063]
The lead wire 6 is sandwiched between the mat 7 and the back cover 10, bypassing the end face of the mat 7 from the inside of the module, and is further led out through the back cover opening 11.
[0064]
With such an arrangement of the lead wires 6, the lead wires 6 function so as to press the end surface of the mat 7. Therefore, even when the back cover 10 or the mat 7 expands due to the pressure of the filler gas during the fire prevention test, the mat 7 Can be prevented from shifting. Furthermore, since the mat 7 can maintain uniform airtightness, it is possible to prevent air bubbles from being generated due to entrainment of air in a sealing and integrating process such as vacuum lamination, and to improve the yield.
[0065]
The end surface of the mat 7 is covered with a mat end surface insulating treatment tape 9 such as a Kapton tape because the cut surface of the metal foil is exposed. By performing such an electrical insulation treatment on the mat 7, an electrical short circuit between the mat 7 and another conductive member, for example, the solar cell 1, the interconnector 2, the lead wire 6, and the like can be reliably prevented.
[0066]
A fire prevention test (flying fire test) was conducted with the solar cell module constructed as described above mounted on a base plate. As a result, there was no burnout to the base plate, and good fire protection performance was obtained. The result which can be put to practical use as a solar cell module was obtained.
[0067]
In particular, when a fire is placed on the outdoor side near the back cover opening 11, even if the fillers 4 and 5 are gasified due to a temperature rise, the inside of the back cover opening 11 is covered with the mat 7, Material gas does not blow out from the back cover opening 11.
[0068]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, by disposing the mat member inside the back cover member so as to cover the opening, the filler is sealed by both the mat member and the back cover member. Therefore, when a fire is placed on the outdoor side near the opening during the fire prevention test, even if the filler gasifies due to a rise in temperature, the opening is covered with the mat member, so the filler gas flows from the opening. Blowing out can be prevented, and burnout to the ground plate can be prevented.
[0069]
In addition, since the back cover member and the mat member are made of the same material including the metal foil, the thermal expansion coefficients of the two members match, so that air entrapment in the manufacturing process can be prevented, and the heat resistance can be further improved. Since the lead wire passes through the mat member at a position different from the opening, the mat member can be mechanically positioned by penetrating the mat member. Therefore, even when the back cover member and the mat member expand due to the gas pressure of the filler during the fire prevention test, the displacement of the mat member can be prevented.
[0070]
In addition, by configuring the lead wire to penetrate or bypass the mat member, the mat member can be mechanically positioned, and the displacement of the mat member can be prevented.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing the configuration of the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the shape of the mat 7;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view showing a configuration of a second embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 solar cell 2 interconnector 3 white-plate tempered glass 4 light-receiving-side filler 5 back-side filler 6 lead 7 mat 8 mat opening 9 mat end-face insulating tape 10 back cover 11 back cover opening 12 output terminal box opening Part 13 output terminal box 14 output terminal cable

Claims (8)

A plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged in a plane,
A light-transmitting plate disposed on the light-receiving surface side of the photoelectric conversion element,
A back cover member arranged on the back side of the photoelectric conversion element,
A filler filled between the translucent plate and the back cover member,
In a solar cell module comprising a lead wire for extracting a photoelectric output to the outside,
An opening is formed in the back cover member for the lead wire to pass through,
A mat member for covering the opening is disposed inside the back cover member, and the back cover member and the mat member are made of a material including the same metal foil, and the back cover member and the mat member come into direct contact with each other. And a lead wire penetrating the mat member at a position different from the opening . Leads the solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that it bypasses the mat member at a position different from the opening. Both surfaces and the end surface of the mat member, the solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein in that it is coated with an electrically insulating material. Through hole leads through the mat member, the solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that the slit-shaped. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the opening has a slit shape. The solar cell module according to claim 4 , wherein the slit shape includes a slit and round holes formed at both ends of the slit. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the lead wire is coated with an electrically insulating material. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein an output terminal box for connecting a lead wire and an external cable is provided outside the opening.

Images