JP3565842B2 - Powdered surfactant mixture - Google Patents
Powdered surfactant mixture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3565842B2 JP3565842B2 JP51988693A JP51988693A JP3565842B2 JP 3565842 B2 JP3565842 B2 JP 3565842B2 JP 51988693 A JP51988693 A JP 51988693A JP 51988693 A JP51988693 A JP 51988693A JP 3565842 B2 JP3565842 B2 JP 3565842B2
- Authority
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- Prior art keywords
- weight
- alkyl
- formula
- alkali metal
- mixture
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical class [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 alkyl glycoside Chemical class 0.000 claims description 44
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052936 alkali metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008011 inorganic excipient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004435 Oxo alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTGKHKPZSMMHNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-phenylethenyl)benzene-1,2-disulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(C=CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1S(O)(=O)=O ZTGKHKPZSMMHNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-WHZQZERISA-N D-aldose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-WHZQZERISA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-IVMDWMLBSA-N D-allopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-IVMDWMLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N D-ribofuranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical group OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000007976 Ketosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VSOAQEOCSA-N L-altropyranose Chemical compound OC[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VSOAQEOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N Ribose Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001323 aldoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005263 alkylenediamine group Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-D-Furanose-Ribose Natural products OCC1OC(O)C(O)C1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-STGXQOJASA-N alpha-D-lyxopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CO[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-STGXQOJASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N arabinose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002951 idosyl group Chemical class C1([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002584 ketoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
- C11D11/0082—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents one or more of the detergent ingredients being in a liquefied state, e.g. slurry, paste or melt, and the process resulting in solid detergent particles such as granules, powders or beads
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
- C11D11/02—Preparation in the form of powder by spray drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/08—Silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
- C11D1/146—Sulfuric acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、アルキルスルフェート、アルキルグリコシドおよび無機担体材料を含有する、注入可能で流動性のある粉末状界面活性剤混合物、その製造方法、並びに粒状洗剤製造用のコンパウンドとしてのその用途に関する。
国際特許出願公開WO87/02053号には、粒状洗剤の製法であって、形成される固体に対して2〜60重量%の界面活性剤(その少なくとも0.1重量%はアルキルグリコシドから成り、アルキルグリコシドの総量は2重量%以下である)、5〜70重量%のビルダー、および40重量%までの水溶性増量剤を含有する40〜80%水性スラリーを乾燥することによる方法が記載されている。好ましい界面活性剤は、陰イオン界面活性剤、特にアルキルベンゼンスルホネート型のもの、および非イオン界面活性剤、特にエトキシ化脂肪アルコールである。スラリーからの水の除去は噴霧乾燥によって行うことが好ましい。
米国特許第4536319号には、アルキルグリコシド、水溶性塩、並びに要すれば水不溶性ビルダーおよび他の界面活性剤を含有する顆粒状洗剤が記載されている。該特許に記載の洗剤は、特定のアルカリ金属シリケートを3重量%まで含有する。不都合なことに、その洗剤は通例流動性が不充分であり、塊を形成する傾向がある(特に貯蔵した場合)。
最近の粉末状洗剤は通例、個別に調製した複数の粉末成分から成る。それらの成分は、その構成成分の性質に応じて異なる方法で調製する必要がある。そのような洗剤の界面活性剤含有成分の好ましい製法は、それが比較的単純であることから、該成分の水溶液または水性スラリーの噴霧乾燥である。噴霧乾燥を行うには、界面活性剤成分は高温に耐えるものでなければならないが、その条件を確実に満足するのは、従来の通常の陰イオン界面活性剤、特にアルキルベンゼンスルホネート型のものを使用する場合である。
洗剤中におけるアルキルベンゼンスルホネートの使用は、この界面活性剤が石油系であることから、最近問題となっている。同等の良好な洗浄性を有し、生態学的により安全な陰イオン界面活性剤は、例えば、再生可能な原料から得られる化合物(特に脂肪アルコール)の硫酸化生成物である。しかし、アルキルベンゼンスルホネートを含有する水性スラリーは通常の噴霧乾燥温度(通例約250〜350℃)において容易に噴霧乾燥できるが、同量のアルキルスルフェートを含有する水性スラリーは、そのような条件下に自然発火する危険があるということがわかった。この問題は、噴霧乾燥するスラリー中に非イオン界面活性剤が存在する場合に一層深刻であるが、非イオン界面活性剤を洗剤中に使用することはしばしば望ましい。非イオン界面活性剤は特に、有利な性質の故に最近好ましく用いられている長鎖アルキル基を有するアルキルグリコシドを包含する。この種のアルキルグリコシドは通例、高粘性ペーストの形態で生成するので、噴霧乾燥する水性スラリー中にそれを比較的高濃度で使用することは、大きい機械的応力を要することになる故に、有望視されていなかった。
従って、特定の量のアルキルスルフェート、アルキルグリコシドおよび無機担体材料(その少なくとも10重量%は、SiO2:アルカリ金属酸化物のモル比が2:1を越えるアルカリ金属シリケートから成る)からポンプ輸送可能な流動性水性スラリーが得られ、そのスラリーは乾燥によるアルキルベンゼンスルホネート不含有粉末状界面活性剤混合物の製造において前記のような問題無く使用することができ、粒状洗剤製造のためのいわゆるコンパウンドとして使用するのに適した貯蔵可能な注入し得る流動性粉末を生成することがわかったのは、非常に驚くべきことである。
アルキルベンゼンスルホネート不含有の粉末状界面活性剤混合物を製造するための本発明の発明は、本質的に、
式(I):
R1−O(G)n (I)
[式中、R1は炭素原子数8〜22のアルキル基であり、Gはグリコース単位であり、nは1〜10の数である。]
で示されるアルキルグリコシド10〜40重量部、
式(II):
R2OSO3X (II)
[式中、R2は炭素原子数10〜20のアルキル基であり、Xはアルカリ金属イオン、アンモニウムイオンまたはアルキル−もしくはヒドロキシアルキル−置換アンモニウムイオンである。]
で示されるアルキルスルフェート5〜20重量部(アルキルグリコシド:アルキルスルフェートの重量比は5:1ないし1:2、好ましくは3:1ないし1:1)、および
無機担体材料40〜80重量部(その少なくとも10重量%は、SiO2:アルカリ金属酸化物のモル比が少なくとも2:1であるアルカリ金属シリケートから成る)
を、80℃未満の温度でポンプ輸送可能な流動性混合物を形成するような量の水と混合し、その混合物から、250℃未満の温度の乾燥ガスを用いた噴霧乾燥または流動床乾燥によって、流動性の粉末状生成物が生成する程度まで水を除去することを特徴とする。そのような粉末中の水含量は通例、15重量%以下、特に5〜15重量%である。担体材料が一部の水を結晶水として結合する場合、混合物の残存水含量は、結晶格子内に結合していない自由水としてのものである。
本発明においてポンプ輸送可能な流動性の水性スラリーとは、80℃未満の温度で噴霧乾燥工程に通例使用するポンプおよびパイプにより容易に扱い得るものである。従って、本発明の方法に使用するスラリーの好ましい粘度範囲は、標準的な粘度計(例えばB型粘度計、スピンドル3、20rpm)により60〜75℃で測定して、3000〜15000mPasである。
本発明の方法において好ましくは、式(I)で示されるアルキルグリコシド20〜30重量部、式(II)で示されるアルキルスルフェート8〜15重量部および無機担体材料48〜68重量部を、少なくとも35重量%、特に40〜50重量%の水を含有する混合物を形成するような量の水と混合する。
水性スラリーは、いわゆる噴霧塔内で噴霧乾燥する。噴霧乾燥塔の上部においてスラリーを加圧ノズルから噴霧して微細な液滴とすると、該液滴は重力の作用で噴霧乾燥塔から下部へ移動して高温の乾燥ガスと接触する。乾燥ガスは乾燥する粒子に対して並流、あるいは好ましくは向流として噴霧乾燥塔内に通す。その際、噴霧乾燥した粒子の温度がその自己発火温度を越えるほど乾燥ガスの温度を高くしないことが重要である。すなわち本発明において、乾燥ガスの温度は250℃を超えず、好ましくは120〜240℃、より好ましくは140〜210℃、最も好ましくは150〜190℃である。この乾燥ガス温度は、噴霧乾燥塔の最高温部である、いわゆるリングチャネル(Ringkanal)において測定した温度である。温度に関する説明は、本発明の製法のもう一つの態様(流動床乾燥)にも当てはまる。
本発明の混合物を導くスラリーの調製に、アルキルグリコシドの製造およびその後の所望による漂白によって通例生成するような、通例30〜60重量%のアルキルグリコシド水性ペーストを使用してよい。同様に、アルキルスルフェート成分および特に担体成分も、水溶液または水性懸濁液の形態で使用してよい。スラリーが80℃未満の温度で容易に流動性でありポンプ輸送可能である為には、その乾燥するスラリー中に少なくとも約35重量%、好ましくは40〜50重量%の水が存在すると有利であることが判った。これに関する本発明の方法の別の利点は、本発明のコンパウンドを導くスラリーの粘度が、とりわけ60〜75℃において3000〜15000mPasの範囲であって、アルキルスルフェートの代わりに同量のアルキルベンゼンスルホネートを含有するスラリーと比較して驚くほど低いという点である。
本発明の方法によって製造する、本発明の注入可能で流動性のあるアルキルベンゼンスルホネート不含有粉末状界面活性剤混合物は、好ましくは、
式(I):
R1−O(G)n (I)
[式中、R1は炭素原子数8〜22のアルキル基であり、Gはグリコース単位であり、nは1〜10の数である。]
で示されるアルキルグリコシド10〜40重量%、
式(II):
R2OSO3X (II)
[式中、R2は炭素原子数10〜20のアルキル基であり、Xはアルカリ金属イオン、アンモニウムイオンまたはアルキル−もしくはヒドロキシアルキル−置換アンモニウムイオンである。]
で示されるアルキルスルフェート5〜20重量%(アルキルグリコシド:アルキルスルフェートの重量比は5:1ないし1:2、特に3:1ないし1:1)、
無機担体材料40〜80重量%(そのうち、該担体材料全体に対して少なくとも10重量%は、SiO2:アルカリ金属酸化物のモル比が少なくとも2:1であるアルカリ金属シリケートから成る)、および
水15重量%まで、特に5〜15重量%
を含有する。
本発明のコンパウンド中に存在する無機担体材料の少なくとも10重量%、好ましくは20〜50重量%は、SiO2:アルカリ金属酸化物のモル比が少なくとも2:1、特に2.0〜3.5:1、好ましくは2.5〜3.5:1であるアルカリ金属シリケートから成る。好ましいアルカリ金属はナトリウムである。アルカリ金属シリケートに加えて使用し得る他の水溶性無機担体材料(乾燥後は粒状)としては、アルカリ金属の炭酸塩、炭酸水素塩および硫酸塩並びにそれらの混合物が特に適当である。この場合もナトリウム塩が好ましい。水不溶性の担体材料(特に層状シリケート、例えばベントナイトまたはスメクタイト、およびアルミノシリケート、例えばゼオライトを包含する)を使用してもよい。
本発明のコンパウンド中に組み合わせるのに適当なアルキルグリコシドは、R1が炭素原子数8〜22のアルキル基であり、Gがグリコース単位であり、nが1〜10の数である式(I)で示される化合物である。このようなアルキルグリコシドおよびその製法は、例えば欧州特許出願EP第92355号、同第301298号、同第357969号および同第362671号、並びに米国特許第3547828号に記載されている。このようなアルキルグリコシドのグリコシド成分[式(I)中の(G)n]は、天然に存在するアルドースまたはケトースモノマー(特にグルコース、マンノース、フルクトース、ガラクトース、タロース、グロース、アルトロース、アロース、イドース、リボース、アラビノース、キシロースおよびリキソースを包含する)のオリゴマーまたはポリマーである。そのようなグリコシド結合したモノマーから成るオリゴマーは、そのオリゴマー中に存在する糖の種類のみでなく、糖の数、すなわちいわゆるオリゴマー化度によっても特徴付けられる。オリゴマー化度[式(I)中のn]は分析学的測定値であり、通例分数であって、1〜10の値である。好ましいアルキルグリコシドのオリゴマー化度は、1.5未満の値、特に1.2〜1.4である。好ましいモノマー単位は、容易に入手可能である為、グルコースである。
本発明の界面活性剤混合物中に存在するアルキルグリコシドのアルキル部分[式(I)中のR1]もまた、再生可能な原料から容易に入手可能である誘導体、特に脂肪アルコールに由来していることが好ましいが、それらの分枝異性体、特にいわゆるオキソアルコールを使用して適当なアルキルグリコシドを製造してもよい。従って、直鎖のオクチル、デシル、ドデシル、テトラデシル、ヘキサデシルまたはオクタデシル基を有する第一アルコールおよびそれらの混合物が特に適当である。特に適当なアルキルグリコシドは、ヤシ油脂肪アルキル基(すなわち実質的にR1=ドデシルとR1=テトラデシルとの混合物)を有する。その製造に由来して、アルキルグリコシドは、少量(例えば1〜2%)の未反応の遊離脂肪アルコールを含有し得るが、これはコンパウンドの性質に悪影響を及ぼさない。
このようなアルキルグリコシドは、本発明のコンパウンド中に好ましくは10〜40重量%の量で、より好ましくは20〜30重量%の量で存在し、アルキルグリコシド:アルキルスルフェートの重量比は5:1ないし1:2、好ましくは3:1ないし1:1である。
本発明の方法に使用するのに適当なアルキルスルフェートは、R2が炭素原子数10〜20のアルキル基であり、Xがアルカリ金属イオン、アンモニウムイオンまたはアルキル−もしくはヒドロキシアルキル−置換アンモニウムイオンである式(II)で示される化合物である。特に炭素原子数12〜18の脂肪アルコールおよびその分枝状同族体(いわゆるオキソアルコール)の誘導体が特に適当である。アルキルスルフェートは、既知の方法で、対応するアルコール成分と通常の硫酸化剤(特に三酸化硫黄またはクロロスルホン酸)とを反応させ、その後、アルカリ金属、アンモニウムまたはアルキル−もしくはヒドロキシアルキル−置換アンモニウム塩基で中和することによって調製できる。このようなアルキルスルフェートは、本発明のコンパウンド中に好ましくは5〜20重量%、より好ましくは8〜15重量%の量で存在する。
更に、本発明の混合物は、他の界面活性剤、好ましくは非イオン界面活性剤および/または陰イオン界面活性剤(特にスルフェート型またはスルホネート型のもの)を、好ましくは10重量%以下、より好ましくは1〜5重量%の量で含有してよい。付加的に使用してよいスルフェート型の界面活性剤はとりわけ、前述のアルコールの硫酸化アルコキシル化生成物(いわゆるエーテルスルフェート)を包含する。そのようなエーテルスルフェートは、一分子当たり好ましくは2〜30個、より好ましくは4〜10個のエチレングリコール基を有する。他の適当な陰イオン界面活性剤は、脂肪酸エステルと三酸化硫黄との反応およびその後の中和によって得られるα−スルホエステル、特に炭素原子数8〜22(好ましくは12〜18)の脂肪酸と炭素原子数1〜6(好ましくは1〜4)の直鎖アルコールとから誘導したスルホン化生成物、該スルホン化生成物からケン化によって得られるスルホ脂肪酸、およびそれらの塩である。
適当な非イオン界面活性剤は、炭素原子数10〜22、好ましくは12〜18の直鎖または分枝状アルコールのアルコキシレート、特にエトキシレートおよび/またはプロポキシレートを包含する。アルコールのアルコキシル化度は1〜20、好ましくは3〜10である。このようなアルコキシレートは、既知の方法で、対応するアルコールと対応するアルキレンオキシドとの反応によって調製し得る。脂肪アルコールの誘導体が特に適当であるが、その分枝状異性体、特にいわゆるオキソアルコールを使用して、有用なアルコキシレートを調製してもよい。従って、直鎖のドデシル、テトラデシル、ヘキサデシルまたはオクタデシル基を有する第一アルコールのエトキシレートおよびそれらの混合物が特に有用である。また、アルキル部分に関して上記アルコールに対応するアルキルアミン、ビシナルジオールおよびカルボン酸アミドの、対応するエトキシ化および/またはプロポキシ化生成物を使用してもよい。
担体材料は、本発明の粉末状混合物中に、40〜80重量%の量で、好ましくは48〜68重量%の量で存在し、担体材料の少なくとも10重量%、好ましくは20〜50重量%は、前述のアルカリ金属シリケートから成っていなくてはならない。
更に、本発明のコンパウンドは、乾燥工程条件下に安定な他の通常の洗剤成分を含有してよい。そのような任意の成分は、特に重金属錯化剤、例えばアミノポリカルボン酸および/またはポリホスホン酸、再沈着防止剤、例えばセルロースエーテル、コビルダー、例えばポリカルボン酸ポリマー、抑泡剤、例えばオルガノポリシロキサンまたはパラフィン、および蛍光増白剤、例えばスチルベンジスルホン酸誘導体を包含する。このような添加剤は、本発明の粉末状界面活性剤混合物中に、好ましくは5重量%以下、より好ましくは0.5〜2重量%の量で存在する。
本発明の粉末状界面活性剤混合物は、特に、注入可能な流動性コンパウンドとして、粒状洗剤の製造に使用する。
粉末状洗剤製造用のコンパウンドとして使用する為に、本発明の混合物は、平均粒子サイズが0.2〜0.4mmであることが好ましく、直径が2mmより大きな粒子および50μmより小さな粒子は実質的に含有してはならない。実質的不含有とは、含量が0.8重量%以下であることを意味する。噴霧乾燥によって得られる本発明のコンパウンドのサイズは、通例この範囲内であるが、この範囲外のサイズの粒子があれば篩過によって簡単に分離し、製造工程へ戻すことができる。本発明のコンパウンドの嵩密度は、好ましくは200〜500g/lであって、洗剤の他の粉末状成分の嵩密度とは異なり得、通例分離は起こらない。
本発明のコンパウンドは、流動性のある注入可能な粉末であって、長期間貯蔵した場合もその好ましい特性を失わない。洗剤を製造する為に、本発明のコンパウンドを、基本的に既知の方法で、洗剤中に通例使用する他の粉末状成分と混合し得る。他の成分としては、特に研磨剤、例えば粉末シリカ、漂白剤、例えば過ホウ酸塩または過炭酸塩、および漂白活性剤、例えばポリアシル化アルキレンジアミン、無水カルボン酸またはポリアシル化ポリオールが包含される。液体の、または液化もしくは溶解した成分、例えば酵素、色素、香料あるいは他の界面活性剤(特に非イオン界面活性剤)を、本発明のコンパウンド上に基本的に既知の方法で噴霧してもよい。
実施例
実施例1
水を40〜44重量%含有する水性スラリーを、表1に記載の原料から調製した。アルキルグリコシド成分を約60℃に加熱し、撹拌しながらそれをアルキルスルフェート水溶液に加え、他の成分を加えた。ケイ酸ナトリウムは約35重量%の水ガラス溶液の形態で最後に加えた。スラリーは、表2に示した粘度(65℃にて測定)を有しており、それを約60〜80℃の温度に加熱し、噴霧乾燥塔内へ40バールの圧力下に噴霧し、高温空気(リングチャネル内の温度150〜190℃)を向流で塔内に通した。
表1の組成を有する平均粒子サイズ約300μmの流動性粉末M1およびM2が得られた。直径が1.6mmより大きな粒子は含有しておらず、粉塵含量は0.1〜0.65重量%であり、嵩密度は240〜300g/lであった。
The present invention relates to an injectable, flowable powdered surfactant mixture containing an alkyl sulfate, an alkyl glycoside and an inorganic carrier material, a process for its preparation, and its use as a compound for the preparation of granular detergents.
International Patent Application Publication No. WO 87/02053 discloses a process for the preparation of granular detergents, comprising from 2 to 60% by weight, based on the solids formed, of a surfactant (at least 0.1% by weight of an alkyl glycoside, The total amount is no more than 2% by weight), a process is described by drying a 40-80% aqueous slurry containing 5 to 70% by weight of the builder and up to 40% by weight of a water-soluble extender. Preferred surfactants are anionic surfactants, especially those of the alkylbenzenesulfonate type, and nonionic surfactants, especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols. The removal of water from the slurry is preferably performed by spray drying.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,563,319 describes a granular detergent containing an alkyl glycoside, a water-soluble salt, and optionally a water-insoluble builder and other surfactants. The detergents described in said patent contain up to 3% by weight of certain alkali metal silicates. Unfortunately, the detergents typically have poor flow properties and tend to form lumps, especially when stored.
Modern powdered detergents typically consist of a plurality of individually prepared powder components. These components need to be prepared in different ways depending on the nature of the components. A preferred method of preparing the surfactant-containing component of such detergents is spray drying of an aqueous solution or slurry of the component because of its simplicity. In order to perform spray drying, the surfactant component must be able to withstand high temperatures, but the condition must be satisfied by using a conventional ordinary anionic surfactant, especially an alkylbenzene sulfonate type. This is the case.
The use of alkyl benzene sulfonates in detergents has recently been a problem because the surfactant is petroleum based. Ecologically safer anionic surfactants with equally good detergency are, for example, the sulphated products of compounds (particularly fatty alcohols) obtained from renewable raw materials. However, while aqueous slurries containing alkyl benzene sulfonates can be easily spray dried at normal spray drying temperatures (typically about 250-350 ° C), aqueous slurries containing the same amount of alkyl sulphate can be used under such conditions. It turned out that there was a risk of spontaneous ignition. This problem is more acute when nonionic surfactants are present in the slurry to be spray dried, but it is often desirable to use nonionic surfactants in detergents. Nonionic surfactants include, in particular, alkyl glycosides having a long-chain alkyl group, which are currently preferred because of their advantageous properties. Since this type of alkyl glycoside is typically produced in the form of a highly viscous paste, its use in relatively high concentrations in aqueous slurries to be spray dried is promising, as it requires high mechanical stress. Had not been.
Thus, it can be pumped from specific amounts of alkyl sulfates, alkyl glycosides and inorganic carrier materials, at least 10% by weight of which consist of a SiO 2 : alkali metal oxide molar ratio of more than 2: 1 alkali metal silicate A fluid aqueous slurry is obtained, which can be used without problems as described above in the preparation of the powdered surfactant mixture containing no alkylbenzenesulfonate by drying, and is used as a so-called compound for the production of granular detergents. It is very surprising that it has been found to produce a storable, injectable, flowable powder suitable for:
The invention of the present invention for producing alkyl benzene sulfonate-free powdered surfactant mixtures essentially comprises:
Formula (I):
R 1 -O (G) n (I)
[Wherein, R 1 is an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a glucose unit, and n is a number of 1 to 10.] ]
An alkyl glycoside represented by 10 to 40 parts by weight,
Formula (II):
R 2 OSO 3 X (II)
Wherein R 2 is an alkyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and X is an alkali metal ion, an ammonium ion or an alkyl- or hydroxyalkyl-substituted ammonium ion. ]
5 to 20 parts by weight of an alkyl sulfate represented by the formula (the weight ratio of alkyl glycoside: alkyl sulfate is 5: 1 to 1: 2, preferably 3: 1 to 1: 1), and 40 to 80 parts by weight of an inorganic carrier material (At least 10% by weight of which consists of an alkali metal silicate with a SiO 2 : alkali metal oxide molar ratio of at least 2: 1)
Is mixed with an amount of water to form a pumpable fluid mixture at a temperature of less than 80 ° C., and the mixture is spray-dried or fluidized-bed dried with a drying gas at a temperature of less than 250 ° C. It is characterized in that water is removed to the extent that a flowable powdery product is formed. The water content in such powders is generally less than or equal to 15% by weight, in particular between 5 and 15% by weight. If the carrier material binds some of the water as water of crystallization, the residual water content of the mixture is as free water not bound within the crystal lattice.
In the present invention, a pumpable fluid aqueous slurry is one that can be easily handled by pumps and pipes commonly used in spray drying processes at temperatures below 80 ° C. Therefore, the preferred viscosity range of the slurry used in the method of the present invention is 3000-15000 mPas as measured by a standard viscometer (eg a B-type viscometer, spindle 3, 20 rpm) at 60-75 ° C.
In the method of the present invention, preferably, 20 to 30 parts by weight of the alkyl glycoside of the formula (I), 8 to 15 parts by weight of the alkyl sulfate of the formula (II) and 48 to 68 parts by weight of the inorganic carrier material are used. It is mixed with an amount of water to form a mixture containing 35% by weight, especially 40-50% by weight of water.
The aqueous slurry is spray-dried in a so-called spray tower. When the slurry is sprayed from the pressure nozzle at the upper part of the spray drying tower to form fine droplets, the droplets move downward from the spray drying tower by the action of gravity and come into contact with the high-temperature drying gas. The drying gas is passed into the spray drying tower in cocurrent or, preferably, countercurrent to the particles to be dried. It is important that the temperature of the drying gas not be so high that the temperature of the spray-dried particles exceeds its auto-ignition temperature. That is, in the present invention, the temperature of the drying gas does not exceed 250 ° C, preferably 120 to 240 ° C, more preferably 140 to 210 ° C, and most preferably 150 to 190 ° C. The drying gas temperature is the temperature measured in the hottest part of the spray drying tower, the so-called ring channel. The statements regarding temperature also apply to another aspect of the process of the invention (fluid bed drying).
In preparing the slurries leading to the mixtures according to the invention, typically 30 to 60% by weight of an aqueous paste of alkyl glycosides, as usually produced by the production of alkyl glycosides and subsequent optional bleaching, may be used. Similarly, the alkyl sulfate component and especially the carrier component may be used in the form of an aqueous solution or suspension. In order for the slurry to be easily flowable and pumpable at a temperature below 80 ° C., it is advantageous if at least about 35% by weight, preferably 40-50% by weight, of water is present in the drying slurry. It turns out. Another advantage of the process according to the invention in this regard is that the viscosity of the slurry leading to the compounds according to the invention is in the range of 3000-15000 mPas, especially at 60-75 ° C., and the same amount of alkylbenzene sulfonate is used instead of alkyl sulfate. It is surprisingly low compared to the contained slurry.
The injectable, flowable, alkylbenzenesulfonate-free powdered surfactant mixture of the present invention, prepared by the method of the present invention, is preferably
Formula (I):
R 1 -O (G) n (I)
[Wherein, R 1 is an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a glucose unit, and n is a number of 1 to 10.] ]
An alkyl glycoside represented by 10 to 40% by weight,
Formula (II):
R 2 OSO 3 X (II)
Wherein R 2 is an alkyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and X is an alkali metal ion, an ammonium ion or an alkyl- or hydroxyalkyl-substituted ammonium ion. ]
5 to 20% by weight of an alkyl sulfate represented by the formula (the weight ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the alkyl sulfate is 5: 1 to 1: 2, particularly 3: 1 to 1: 1),
40-80% by weight of inorganic support material (of which at least 10% by weight, based on the total support material, consists of an alkali metal silicate with a molar ratio of SiO 2 : alkali metal oxide of at least 2: 1), and water Up to 15% by weight, especially 5-15% by weight
It contains.
At least 10% by weight, preferably 20-50% by weight, of the inorganic carrier material present in the compounds according to the invention has a molar ratio of SiO 2 : alkali metal oxide of at least 2: 1, especially 2.0 to 3.5: 1, preferably 2.0 to 3.5: 1. Consists of an alkali metal silicate that is 2.5-3.5: 1. The preferred alkali metal is sodium. As other water-soluble inorganic carrier materials (particulates after drying) which can be used in addition to the alkali metal silicates, carbonates, bicarbonates and sulfates of alkali metals and mixtures thereof are particularly suitable. Also in this case, the sodium salt is preferable. Water-insoluble support materials may be used, including especially layered silicates such as bentonite or smectite, and aluminosilicates such as zeolites.
Alkyl glycosides suitable for combination in the compounds of the present invention include those of the formula (I) wherein R 1 is an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a glucose unit and n is a number from 1 to 10. It is a compound shown by these. Such alkyl glycosides and their preparation are described, for example, in European Patent Applications EP 92355, EP 301298, EP 357969 and EP 362671, and US Pat. No. 3,547,828. The glycoside component of such an alkyl glycoside [(G) n in formula (I)] is a naturally occurring aldose or ketose monomer (especially glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, talose, growth, altrose, allose, idose). , Ribose, arabinose, xylose and lyxose). Oligomers composed of such glycosidic monomers are characterized not only by the type of sugar present in the oligomer, but also by the number of sugars, ie the so-called degree of oligomerization. The degree of oligomerization [n in formula (I)] is an analytical measurement, usually a fraction, and a value between 1 and 10. Preferred degree of oligomerization of alkyl glycosides is a value less than 1.5, especially 1.2 to 1.4. The preferred monomer unit is glucose because it is readily available.
The alkyl part of the alkyl glycoside [R 1 in formula (I)] present in the surfactant mixture according to the invention is also derived from derivatives readily obtainable from renewable raw materials, in particular fatty alcohols. Preferably, their branched isomers, especially so-called oxo alcohols, may be used to prepare suitable alkyl glycosides. Thus, primary alcohols having straight-chain octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl groups and mixtures thereof are particularly suitable. Particularly suitable alkyl glycosides have coconut oil fatty alkyl groups (ie, substantially a mixture of R 1 = dodecyl and R 1 = tetradecyl). Derived from its preparation, the alkyl glycoside may contain small amounts (eg 1-2%) of unreacted free fatty alcohol, but this does not adversely affect the properties of the compound.
Such alkyl glycosides are preferably present in the compounds according to the invention in an amount of from 10 to 40% by weight, more preferably in an amount of from 20 to 30% by weight, the weight ratio of alkyl glycoside: alkyl sulfate being 5: It is 1 to 1: 2, preferably 3: 1 to 1: 1.
Alkyl sulfates suitable for use in the method of the present invention are those wherein R 2 is an alkyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms and X is an alkali metal ion, an ammonium ion or an alkyl- or hydroxyalkyl-substituted ammonium ion. It is a compound represented by a certain formula (II). In particular, derivatives of fatty alcohols having 12 to 18 carbon atoms and their branched homologues (so-called oxo alcohols) are particularly suitable. Alkyl sulfates are reacted in a known manner with the corresponding alcohol components with customary sulphating agents, in particular with sulfur trioxide or chlorosulfonic acid, followed by alkali metals, ammonium or alkyl- or hydroxyalkyl-substituted ammonium. It can be prepared by neutralization with a base. Such alkyl sulfates are preferably present in the compounds of the invention in an amount of from 5 to 20% by weight, more preferably from 8 to 15% by weight.
Furthermore, the mixtures according to the invention may contain other surfactants, preferably non-ionic and / or anionic surfactants (especially of the sulfate or sulfonate type), preferably up to 10% by weight, more preferably May be contained in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight. Surfactants of the sulfate type which may additionally be used include, inter alia, the sulfated alkoxylation products of the aforementioned alcohols (so-called ether sulfates). Such ether sulfates preferably have 2 to 30, more preferably 4 to 10, ethylene glycol groups per molecule. Other suitable anionic surfactants are α-sulfoesters obtained by reaction of fatty acid esters with sulfur trioxide and subsequent neutralization, especially fatty acids having 8 to 22 (preferably 12 to 18) carbon atoms. A sulfonated product derived from a linear alcohol having 1 to 6 (preferably 1 to 4) carbon atoms; a sulfo fatty acid obtained by saponification from the sulfonated product; and salts thereof.
Suitable nonionic surfactants include alkoxylates of linear or branched alcohols having 10 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms, in particular ethoxylates and / or propoxylates. The degree of alkoxylation of the alcohol is from 1 to 20, preferably from 3 to 10. Such alkoxylates can be prepared in a known manner by reacting the corresponding alcohol with the corresponding alkylene oxide. Derivatives of fatty alcohols are particularly suitable, but their branched isomers, especially so-called oxo alcohols, may be used to prepare useful alkoxylates. Thus, ethoxylates of primary alcohols having linear dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl groups and mixtures thereof are particularly useful. Also, the corresponding ethoxylated and / or propoxylated products of the alkylamines, vicinal diols and carboxylic amides corresponding to the alcohols described above for the alkyl moiety may be used.
The carrier material is present in the powder mixture according to the invention in an amount of 40-80% by weight, preferably in an amount of 48-68% by weight, at least 10% by weight of the carrier material, preferably 20-50% by weight. Must consist of the aforementioned alkali metal silicate.
In addition, the compounds of the present invention may contain other conventional detergent ingredients that are stable under the conditions of the drying process. Such optional components are, in particular, heavy metal complexing agents, such as aminopolycarboxylic acids and / or polyphosphonic acids, anti-redeposition agents, such as cellulose ethers, cobuilders, such as polycarboxylic acid polymers, foam inhibitors, such as organopolysiloxanes. Or paraffins, and optical brighteners such as stilbene disulfonic acid derivatives. Such additives are present in the powdered surfactant mixture of the present invention preferably in an amount of up to 5% by weight, more preferably in an amount of from 0.5 to 2% by weight.
The powdered surfactant mixtures according to the invention are used in particular for the preparation of granular detergents, as pourable flowable compounds.
For use as a compound for the preparation of powdered detergents, the mixtures according to the invention preferably have an average particle size of 0.2 to 0.4 mm, substantially containing particles larger than 2 mm and smaller than 50 μm. must not. Substantially free means that the content is 0.8% by weight or less. The size of the compounds of the invention obtained by spray-drying is usually within this range, but particles of a size outside this range can be easily separated by sieving and returned to the manufacturing process. The bulk density of the compounds according to the invention is preferably between 200 and 500 g / l and can be different from the bulk density of the other powdered components of the detergent, and usually no separation takes place.
The compounds according to the invention are free-flowing, injectable powders which do not lose their favorable properties even after prolonged storage. To make the detergents, the compounds according to the invention can be mixed in a basically known manner with other powdered components customarily used in detergents. Other components include abrasives, such as, for example, powdered silica, bleaching agents, such as perborates or percarbonates, and bleaching activators, such as polyacylated alkylenediamines, carboxylic anhydrides or polyacylated polyols. Liquid or liquefied or dissolved components, such as enzymes, dyes, fragrances or other surfactants (especially nonionic surfactants) may be sprayed onto the compounds according to the invention in a manner known per se. .
Example 1
An aqueous slurry containing 40 to 44% by weight of water was prepared from the raw materials listed in Table 1. The alkyl glycoside component was heated to about 60 ° C. and added with stirring to the aqueous alkyl sulfate solution and the other components were added. Sodium silicate was added last in the form of a water glass solution of about 35% by weight. The slurry has the viscosity shown in Table 2 (measured at 65 ° C.), which is heated to a temperature of about 60-80 ° C. and sprayed into a spray drying tower under a pressure of 40 bar, Air (temperature in the ring channel 150-190 ° C.) was passed countercurrently through the column.
Flowable powders M1 and M2 having the average particle size of about 300 μm having the composition shown in Table 1 were obtained. It contained no particles larger than 1.6 mm in diameter, had a dust content of 0.1-0.65% by weight and a bulk density of 240-300 g / l.
Claims (13)
式(I):
R1−O(G)n (I)
[式中、R1は炭素原子数8〜22のアルキル基であり、Gはグリコース単位であり、nは1〜10の数である。]
で示されるアルキルグリコシド10〜40重量%、
式(II):
R2OSO3X (II)
[式中、R2は炭素原子数10〜20のアルキル基であり、Xはアルカリ金属イオン、アンモニウムイオンまたはアルキル−もしくはヒドロキシアルキル−置換アンモニウムイオンである。]
で示されるアルキルスルフェート5〜20重量%(アルキルグリコシド:アルキルスルフェートの重量比は5:1ないし1:2)、
無機担体材料40〜80重量%(そのうち、該担体材料全体に対して少なくとも10重量%は、SiO2とアルカリ金属酸化物とのモル比が2.5:1〜3.5:1であるアルカリ金属シリケートから成る)、および
水15重量%まで
を含有する界面活性剤混合物。An injectable, flowable alkylbenzenesulfonate-free powdered surfactant mixture obtained by drying an injectable aqueous mixture of its constituents,
Formula (I):
R 1 -O (G) n (I)
[Wherein, R 1 is an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a glucose unit, and n is a number of 1 to 10.] ]
An alkyl glycoside represented by 10 to 40% by weight,
Formula (II):
R 2 OSO 3 X (II)
Wherein R 2 is an alkyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and X is an alkali metal ion, an ammonium ion or an alkyl- or hydroxyalkyl-substituted ammonium ion. ]
5 to 20% by weight of an alkyl sulfate represented by the formula (the weight ratio of alkyl glycoside: alkyl sulfate is 5: 1 to 1: 2),
40 to 80% by weight of the inorganic carrier material (of which at least 10% by weight, based on the total carrier material, consists of alkali metal silicate with a molar ratio of SiO 2 to alkali metal oxide of 2.5: 1 to 3.5: 1) ), And a surfactant mixture containing up to 15% by weight of water.
式(I):
R1−O(G)n (I)
[式中、R1は炭素原子数8〜22のアルキル基であり、Gはグリコース単位であり、nは1〜10の数である。]
で示されるアルキルグリコシド10〜40重量部、
式(II):
R2OSO3X (II)
[式中、R2は炭素原子数10〜20のアルキル基であり、Xはアルカリ金属イオン、アンモニウムイオンまたはアルキル−もしくはヒドロキシアルキル−置換アンモニウムイオンである。]
で示されるアルキルスルフェート5〜20重量部(アルキルグリコシド:アルキルスルフェートの重量比は5:1ないし1:2)、および
無機担体材料40〜80重量部(その少なくとも10重量%は、SiO2:アルカリ金属酸化物のモル比が2.5:1〜3.5:1であるアルカリ金属シリケートから成る)
を、80℃未満の温度でポンプ輸送可能な流動性混合物を形成するような量の水と混合し、その混合物から、250℃未満の温度の乾燥ガスを用いた噴霧乾燥によって、流動性の粉末状生成物が生成する程度まで水を除去すること含んで成る方法。A method for producing an alkylbenzene sulfonate-free powdery surfactant mixture by drying a flowable aqueous mixture containing a surfactant,
Formula (I):
R 1 -O (G) n (I)
[Wherein, R 1 is an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a glucose unit, and n is a number of 1 to 10.] ]
An alkyl glycoside represented by 10 to 40 parts by weight,
Formula (II):
R 2 OSO 3 X (II)
Wherein R 2 is an alkyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and X is an alkali metal ion, an ammonium ion or an alkyl- or hydroxyalkyl-substituted ammonium ion. ]
And 5 to 20 parts by weight of an alkyl sulfate represented by the formula (the weight ratio of alkyl glycoside: alkyl sulfate is 5: 1 to 1: 2), and 40 to 80 parts by weight of an inorganic carrier material (at least 10% by weight of SiO 2 : Consisting of alkali metal silicate with a molar ratio of alkali metal oxide of 2.5: 1 to 3.5: 1 )
Is mixed with an amount of water to form a flowable mixture that can be pumped at a temperature of less than 80 ° C., from which the free-flowing powder is obtained by spray drying with a drying gas at a temperature of less than 250 ° C. Removing water to such an extent that a product of the form is formed.
式(I):
R1−O(G)n (I)
[式中、R1は炭素原子数8〜22のアルキル基であり、Gはグリコース単位であり、nは1〜10の数である。]
で示されるアルキルグリコシド10〜40重量部、
式(II):
R2OSO3X (II)
[式中、R2は炭素原子数10〜20のアルキル基であり、Xはアルカリ金属イオン、アンモニウムイオンまたはアルキル−もしくはヒドロキシアルキル−置換アンモニウムイオンである。]
で示されるアルキルスルフェート5〜20重量部(アルキルグリコシド:アルキルスルフェートの重量比は5:1ないし1:2)、および
無機担体材料40〜80重量部(その少なくとも10重量%は、SiO2:アルカリ金属酸化物のモル比が2.5:1〜3.5:1であるアルカリ金属シリケートから成る)
を、80℃未満の温度でポンプ輸送可能な流動性混合物を形成するような量の水と混合し、その混合物から、250℃未満の温度の乾燥ガスを用いた流動床乾燥によって、流動性の粉末状生成物が生成する程度まで水を除去することを含んで成る方法。A method for producing an alkylbenzene sulfonate-free powdery surfactant mixture by drying a flowable aqueous mixture containing a surfactant,
Formula (I):
R 1 -O (G) n (I)
[Wherein, R 1 is an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a glucose unit, and n is a number of 1 to 10.] ]
An alkyl glycoside represented by 10 to 40 parts by weight,
Formula (II):
R 2 OSO 3 X (II)
Wherein R 2 is an alkyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and X is an alkali metal ion, an ammonium ion or an alkyl- or hydroxyalkyl-substituted ammonium ion. ]
And 5 to 20 parts by weight of an alkyl sulfate represented by the formula (the weight ratio of alkyl glycoside: alkyl sulfate is 5: 1 to 1: 2), and 40 to 80 parts by weight of an inorganic carrier material (at least 10% by weight of SiO 2 : Consisting of alkali metal silicate having a molar ratio of alkali metal oxide of 2.5: 1 to 3.5: 1 )
Is mixed with an amount of water to form a flowable mixture that can be pumped at a temperature of less than 80 ° C., and the fluidity is reduced from the mixture by fluid bed drying with a drying gas at a temperature of less than 250 ° C. Removing water to an extent that a powdery product is formed.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE4216775.2 | 1992-05-21 | ||
DE4216775A DE4216775A1 (en) | 1992-05-21 | 1992-05-21 | Powdery surfactant mixture |
PCT/EP1993/001192 WO1993023514A1 (en) | 1992-05-21 | 1993-05-13 | Powdery surfactants mixture |
Publications (2)
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JPH07508773A JPH07508773A (en) | 1995-09-28 |
JP3565842B2 true JP3565842B2 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
Family
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JP51988693A Expired - Lifetime JP3565842B2 (en) | 1992-05-21 | 1993-05-13 | Powdered surfactant mixture |
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EP (1) | EP0642573B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3565842B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100278221B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE139559T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4216775A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2088673T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993023514A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE4329389A1 (en) * | 1993-09-01 | 1995-03-02 | Henkel Kgaa | Spray-dried washing or cleaning agent or component therefor |
GB9424444D0 (en) * | 1994-12-02 | 1995-01-18 | Unilever Plc | Detergent compositions |
DE19501269A1 (en) | 1995-01-18 | 1996-07-25 | Henkel Kgaa | Amorphous alkali silicate compound |
DE19524464C2 (en) * | 1995-07-10 | 2000-08-24 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh | Process for the production of sugar surfactant granules |
FR2743085B1 (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 1999-02-26 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | DETERGENT COMPOSITION FOR THE WASHING OF LAUNDRY CONTAINING SODIUM SILICATE AS A MAIN DETERGENCE ADJUVANT |
GB2318584A (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 1998-04-29 | Procter & Gamble | Process for preparing detergent compositions by spray drying |
GB9711356D0 (en) | 1997-05-30 | 1997-07-30 | Unilever Plc | Particulate detergent composition |
GB9825560D0 (en) | 1998-11-20 | 1999-01-13 | Unilever Plc | Particulate laundry detergent compositons containing nonionic surfactant granules |
GB9825563D0 (en) | 1998-11-20 | 1999-01-13 | Unilever Plc | Particulate laundry detergent compositions containing anionic surfactant granules |
GB9825558D0 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 1999-01-13 | Unilever Plc | Granular detergent components and particulate detergent compositions containing them |
DE19923626A1 (en) * | 1999-05-22 | 2000-11-23 | Henkel Kgaa | Production of surfactant granulates, useful for making laundry tablets, involves converting sugar surfactant to compound with water-soluble carrier material and granulating with non-aqueous solvent |
DE10212169A1 (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2003-10-02 | Sued Chemie Ag | Detergent additive with a high content of non-ionic surfactants and quick dissolving power |
TWI247798B (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2006-01-21 | Kao Corp | Detergent composition for hard surface |
DE602006020586D1 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2011-04-21 | Procter & Gamble | A spray-drying process for the preparation of low-density, low-build, spray-dried, highly water-soluble detergents. |
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US4536319A (en) * | 1983-10-04 | 1985-08-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compositions comprising alkylpolysaccharide detergent surfactant |
US4675127A (en) * | 1985-09-26 | 1987-06-23 | A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company | Process for preparing particulate detergent compositions |
WO1990004630A1 (en) * | 1988-10-21 | 1990-05-03 | Henkel Corporation | A process for preparing a detergent slurry and particulate detergent composition |
DE3838808A1 (en) * | 1988-11-17 | 1990-05-23 | Henkel Kgaa | DETERGENT AND CLEANING AGENT, CONTAINING A TENSIDE MIXTURE OF ALKYL GLYCOSIDES AND ANIONSIDE |
DE4102745A1 (en) * | 1991-01-30 | 1992-08-06 | Henkel Kgaa | POWDERED SURFACE BLEND |
-
1992
- 1992-05-21 DE DE4216775A patent/DE4216775A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-05-13 EP EP93909976A patent/EP0642573B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-13 WO PCT/EP1993/001192 patent/WO1993023514A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-05-13 DE DE59303031T patent/DE59303031D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-13 ES ES93909976T patent/ES2088673T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-13 JP JP51988693A patent/JP3565842B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-13 AT AT93909976T patent/ATE139559T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-05-13 KR KR1019940704187A patent/KR100278221B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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KR950701677A (en) | 1995-04-28 |
ES2088673T3 (en) | 1996-08-16 |
ATE139559T1 (en) | 1996-07-15 |
JPH07508773A (en) | 1995-09-28 |
WO1993023514A1 (en) | 1993-11-25 |
DE59303031D1 (en) | 1996-07-25 |
EP0642573A1 (en) | 1995-03-15 |
EP0642573B1 (en) | 1996-06-19 |
DE4216775A1 (en) | 1993-11-25 |
KR100278221B1 (en) | 2001-04-02 |
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