JP3501245B2 - Electromagnetic coupling type antenna - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electromagnetically coupled antenna suitable as a component antenna of an array antenna, for example.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a main part of a loop antenna conventionally used as a radiating element antenna of an array antenna. Reference numeral 21 is a loop-shaped conductor whose circumference corresponds to a design frequency. It is composed of a circular conductor having a length of about one wavelength. 22 ₁ in the radial direction of the conductor which forms part of the inverted L-shaped conductor, one end Le - connected to the flop-shaped conductor 21, the other end Le - are allowed to coincide with the center point of the flop-shaped conductor. 22 ₂ is reverse L
A conductor forming another part of the letter-shaped conductor, that is, a vertical conductor in the drawing, and the upper end of which is a radial conductor 22.
_{It is connected to one} end, that is, the end that coincides with the center point of the loop-shaped conductor 21. 23 is a reflection plate, the inserted part into the through hole 24 bored to the lower end of the conductor 22 ₂ in the vertical direction (inserting conductors 22 ₂ in the vertical direction to avoid contact with the reflecting plate 23), reflector The lower end of the conductor 22 _{2 in} the vertical direction is inserted into the waveguide as a probe from a hole formed in the end of a waveguide (not shown in the figure) such as a waveguide attached to the back surface of 23. is there. 25 ₁ and 25 ₂ are perturbation elements. High-frequency power is supplied through a probe formed by the mounting points of the perturbation elements 25 ₁ and 25 ₂ and their respective lengths, the waveguide mounted on the back surface of the reflection plate 23, and the lower end of the conductor 22 _{2 in} the vertical direction. Loop conductor 2
The high-frequency current in 1 has a traveling wave distribution at the design frequency, and radiates a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave in a direction perpendicular to the surface formed by the loop-shaped conductor 21.

FIG. 14 shows the conventional antenna shown in FIG. 13 in which the surface formed by the loop-shaped conductor 21 and the reflection plate 23 are formed.
Is set to 0.099λ ₀ (where λ ₀ is a free space wavelength corresponding to the design frequency), and the gain and axial ratio when the perturbation elements 25 ₁ and 25 ₂ are attached and the lengths thereof are adjusted appropriately Shows a frequency characteristic of, and exhibits a good circular polarization characteristic with a relatively high gain. In FIG. 14, the horizontal axis represents the specific frequency with respect to the design frequency f ₀ , the vertical axis represents the gain (dB) or axial ratio (dB), the solid line represents the gain, and the broken line represents the axial ratio.

[0004]

The conventional antenna shown in FIG. 13 has a loop-shaped conductor 21 and a radial conductor 2.
Since 2 ₁ and the perturbation elements 25 ₁ and 25 ₂ are all included in the same plane, a metal plate having an appropriate thickness is subjected to press working in fabrication, and the loop-shaped conductor 21 in the radial direction is punched. The conductor 22 ₁ and the perturbation elements 25 ₁ and 25 ₂ can be integrally formed, but it is impossible to integrally form the conductor 22 ₂ including the vertical conductor 22 ₂ . That is, for example, the radial conductor 22 ₁ is extended from the radial length of the loop-shaped conductor 21 to a length close to the diameter, and after punching, the radial conductor 22 _{1 is formed.}
When the boundary between the portion and the extended portion is bent at a right angle, the length of the portion of the conductor 22 _{1 in} the radial direction is equal to the length of the radius of the loop-shaped conductor 21, and a vertical direction formed by bending at a right angle. The length of the conductor 22 ₂ is also substantially equal to the radius of the loop-shaped conductor 21. Since the length of the circumference of the loop-shaped conductor 21 is approximately one wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency as described above, the length of the conductor 22 _{2 in} the vertical direction is
The wavelength is almost 1 / (2π). Attached to the waveguide attached to the rear surface of the reflector plate 23 pro - Bed, since requires the length of approximately _{^{1/4-wavelength,}} the conductor 22 ₂ in the vertical direction which is formed as described above, utilizing its entire length Even if the loop-shaped conductor 21 and the reflection plate 23 are brought into close contact with each other, the vertical conductor 22 ₂ formed as described above is also used.
It is impossible to form a probe by. Instead of attaching a waveguide such as a waveguide to the back surface of the reflection plate 23, a coaxial plug is attached, and the lower end of the vertical conductor 22 ₂ formed as described above is used as the inner conductor of the coaxial plug. If welding is performed, it is possible to form an excitation circuit for the antenna. By punching, the vertical conductor 22 ₂ and the radial conductor 22 ₁ are not formed at the same time as described above, and the loop-shaped conductor 21 and the perturbation element 2 are formed.
Only the radial conductor 22 ₁ is formed with 5 ₁ and 25 ₂ and the vertical conductor 22 of the required length is formed at one end thereof.
₂ , that is, the vertical length equal to the total length of the length corresponding to the required distance between the surface formed by the loop-shaped conductor 21 and the reflection plate 23 and the length sufficient to form the probe attached to the waveguide. The upper end of the conductor 22 _{2 in} the radial direction
_By welding to the inner end portion of ₁ , it becomes possible to form a driving circuit by providing a waveguide such as a waveguide on the back surface of the reflection plate 23. As described above, when the coaxial connector is attached to the back surface of the reflection plate 23, welding work is required to connect the lower end portion of the vertical conductor 22 ₂ and the inner conductor of the coaxial connector to the reflection plate 23. When a waveguide such as a waveguide is attached to the back surface of 23, the total length of the probe to be inserted into this waveguide and the length equal to the distance between the loop-shaped conductor 21 and the reflection plate 23 is required. In order to connect the upper end of the vertical conductor 22 ₂ having a length to the inner end of the radial conductor 22 ₁ , welding work is required and, in some cases, to increase the mechanical strength of the welded portion. , For example, the radial conductor 2
When a through hole is formed in the inner end of 2 ₁ and the upper end of the conductor 22 ₂ in the vertical direction is inserted into the through hole for welding, the antenna is used as an element antenna of an array antenna. Therefore, it is extremely unsuitable for mass production of antennas with uniform characteristics.

[0005] Le - if flop type conductors 21, together with the perturbation elements 25 ₁ and 25 ₂ punching the conductors 22 ₁ radial, the conductor 22 ₁ in the radial direction, Le - extend to near the diameter of the flop-shaped conductor 21 After punching, radial conductor 22 ₁
And the extended portion thereof are bent downward at a right angle from the connection point between the loop-shaped conductor 21 and the radial conductor 22 ₁ , the length from the bent portion to the lower end is almost the same as that of the loop-shaped conductor 21. equal to the diameter, thus, since the length of approximately 1 / [pi wavelength, almost _^1/4 length of the wavelength of the lower end pro - it is used as blanking, noted and thus causing a margin. This manufacturing method is suitable for mass production because it does not include welding work, but it is not suitable as a component antenna of an array antenna. That is, in the array antenna, it is generally necessary to control the excitation phase of each constituent element antenna separately to control the radiation characteristics of the array antenna. When the antenna shown in FIG. The radiation phase of the circularly polarized radiation wave radiated by the component antenna is controlled to control the radiation characteristics of the array antenna, and as a concrete means for controlling the radiation phase of the circularly polarized radiation wave, a loop is used. The purpose can be achieved by rotating the connection point between the shaped conductor 21 and the radial conductor 22 ₁ about the center of the loop shaped conductor 21. In manufacturing the antenna shown in FIG. 13, the upper end portion of the vertical conductor 22 _{2 having} a required length is replaced by the radial conductor 22 ₁
Of and welded to the end, pro by inserting the lower end portion of the conductor 22 ₂ in the direction perpendicular to the waveguide - when configured to function as a blanking the vertical direction of the conductor 22 _{and second} axial Le - flop It is possible to match the center of the shaped conductor 21, and
When inserting the lower end of the vertical conductor 22 ₂ into the waveguide, it is possible to rotatably insert the lower end of the vertical conductor 22 ₂ around the axis of the vertical conductor 22 ₂ . with conductor 22 _2, by rotating around a vertical direction of the conductor 22 _2, it can be varied radiation phase of the circularly polarized radiation wave freely, radial conductor 22
Because the _first end portion and vertical conductors 22 and _second top end has to be connected by welding treatment is as described above it is not suitable for mass production. The conductor 22 _{1 in the} radial direction and the conductor 22 _{2 in the} vertical direction are integrally formed by punching from the beginning without using a welding means, and the lower end of the conductor 22 ₂ in the vertical direction formed by bending from the intermediate portion is used as a coaxial plug. Even when the antenna is formed by welding to the inner conductor, the axial direction of the vertical conductor 22 ₂ can be made to coincide with the center of the loop-shaped conductor 21, but In order to rotate around the conductor 22 _{2 in} the directional direction, the connection between the lower end of the conductor 22 _{2 in} the vertical direction and the inner conductor of the coaxial connector is broken, and the loop-shaped conductor 21 is rotated, and then again. Since it is necessary to weld the lower end of the conductor 22 _{2 in} the vertical direction and the inner conductor of the coaxial plug, it is practically impossible to perform such processing on all the element antennas constituting the array antenna. . The conductor 22 _{1 in the} radial direction and the conductor 22 _{2 in the} vertical direction are integrally punched from the beginning without using a welding means, and the conductor 22 ₁ in the radial direction and the loop-shaped conductor 2 are formed.
When the radial conductor 22 ₁ and the vertical conductor 22 ₂ are bent at a right angle to the surface of the loop-shaped conductor 21 from the connection point with ₁ to fabricate an antenna, no welding work is involved in the fabrication. As described above, it is impossible to rotate the connection point between the loop-shaped conductor 21 and the radial conductor 22 ₁ around the center of the loop-shaped conductor 21. , When such an antenna is used as a constituent element antenna of an array antenna, by controlling the radiation phase of the radiation wave of each constituent element antenna,
It is not possible to control the radiation characteristics of the array antenna.

In the conventional antenna shown in FIG. 13,
If the circumferential length of the loop-shaped conductor 21 is selected to be an integral multiple of one wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency, for example, doubled, the loop-shaped conductor 21, the radial conductor 22 ₁ , and the perturbation element 25. _In integrally forming ₁ and 25 ₂ by punching a metal plate, a radial conductor 22 ₁ is formed by a loop-shaped conductor 21.
Of the vertical conductor 22 by bending the boundary between the radial conductor 22 ₁ and the extended portion at a right angle after the metal plate is punched out to form a length close to the diameter of the radius of the vertical conductor 22. _{When 2} is formed, the length of the vertical conductor 22 ₂ in this case is the same as that of the vertical conductor 22 when the circumferential length of the loop-shaped conductor 21 is selected to be approximately one wavelength corresponding to the design frequency. _It becomes longer than the length of the portion ₂ and can be used as a probe for inserting the lower end of the conductor 22 _{2 in} the vertical direction into the inside of the waveguide. In this case, the circumferential length of the loop-shaped conductor 21 is increased. It is inevitable that the entire antenna will be large due to the increase in the length. FIG. 13 shows the case where the circumference of the loop-shaped conductor 21 is selected to be approximately one wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency or is selected to be an integral multiple of one wavelength. In the conventional antenna, the following drawbacks cannot be avoided. That is, for example, perturbation elements 25 ₁ and 25
₂ of the number of attachment (including zero), the mounting portion, the length may vary le of the perturbation elements - advance various prepared radiation component consisting flop shaped conductor 21, the antenna replacing the radiation parts as needed radiation When the characteristics are to be changed, the inverted L-shaped conductor composed of the radial conductor 22 ₁ and the vertical conductor 22 ₂ is formed integrally with the loop-shaped conductor 21. There is no escape from the high cost of parts. Inverted L consisting of a loop-shaped conductor 21, a radial conductor 22 ₁ and a vertical conductor 22 _2.
Shaped when conductor and attempted to lower the cost of the radiation component by separately formed, the Le when replacement of the radiation components - breaking the bond between the flop-type conductor 21 and the radial direction of the conductor 22 _first end , After replacing with a new radiating component, the loop-shaped conductor 21 and the radial conductor 2 in the new radiating component
It is necessary to perform welding with 2 ₁ of ends, it is impossible to reduce the arrows tension cost.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a loop-shaped conductor having a perimeter of approximately one wavelength of a wavelength corresponding to a design frequency or an integral multiple thereof, and one end of which is connected to the loop-shaped conductor,
A conductor extending in the longitudinal direction toward the center of the loop-shaped conductor, a reflector provided at an appropriate distance from the loop-shaped conductor, and provided between the loop-shaped conductor and the reflector. An inverted conductor consisting of a conductor provided substantially parallel to a conductor whose one end is connected to the loop-shaped conductor and an orthogonal conductor connected to the end of the parallel conductor and provided at a right angle to the parallel conductor. The purpose of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the conventional antenna by realizing an electromagnetically coupled antenna including an L-shaped conductor.

[0008]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an essential part of an embodiment of the present invention. Reference numeral 1 is a loop-shaped conductor having a circumference of approximately one wavelength corresponding to a design frequency or It is composed of a conductor whose length is an integral multiple. 2 has one end connected to an arbitrary position of the loop-shaped conductor 1, the longitudinal direction toward the center of the loop-shaped conductor 1, and the other end substantially coincides with the center of the loop-shaped conductor 1. Therefore, it is composed of a conductor whose total length is approximately equal to the radius of the loop-shaped conductor 1. (Hereinafter, the conductor 2 is referred to as a radial conductor.) Reference numeral 3 denotes an inverted L-shaped conductor, which is a conductor portion 3 ₁ (hereinafter referred to as a parallel conductor) which is arranged at an appropriate interval and is substantially parallel to the radial conductor 2. . to as partial and), parallel conductor portions 3 ₁ perpendicular direction, across the parallel conductor portions 3 ₁ le - conductor portion bent in opposite to the surface of the flop-shaped conductor 1 3 ₂ (hereinafter, the orthogonal conductor portions It is described as)). Reference numeral 4 is a reflector, and its reflecting surface is provided so as to be substantially parallel to the surface formed by the loop-shaped conductor 1 with an appropriate interval. Reference numeral 5 denotes a through hole formed in a part of the reflection plate 4. A waveguide such as a waveguide (not shown in the figure) is attached to the back surface of the reflection plate 4, and the through hole is formed in the tube wall. An insertion hole for the probe is formed at a location corresponding to the location where the probe is provided. The length of the orthogonal conductor portions 3 _2, Le - inserts the length and waveguide corresponding to the required spacing between the surface of the flop-shaped conductors 1 and the reflecting plate 4 Pro - Select the total length of the length of the probe, the ends of the perpendicular conductor portions 3 _2, and inserted into the through hole 5 without contacting either of the reflection plate 4 and the waveguide of the tube wall, and inserted further into the waveguide pro - to act as blanking Has been formed. 6 ₁ and 6 ₂ are perturbation elements,
A linear conductor projecting from the appropriate location of the loop-shaped conductor 1 to the outside or the inside of the loop-shaped conductor 1 by an appropriate length,
By appropriately adjusting the mounting location and the length of each protrusion, it is possible to control the high frequency current on the loop-shaped conductor 1 so as to have a traveling wave distribution at the design frequency. Although FIG. 1 exemplifies the case where _two perturbation elements 6 ₁ and 6 ₂ are provided, only one perturbation element may be provided. The center of the loop-shaped conductor 1 and the center of the reflection plate 4 do not necessarily have to coincide with each other.

In the antenna of the present invention having the above-described structure, the mounting positions of the perturbation elements 6 ₁ and 6 ₂ , the length of each element, etc. are appropriately adjusted in advance, and then the waveguide provided on the back surface of the reflection plate 4 and When high frequency power is applied through the probe formed by the ends of the orthogonal conductor portions 3 ₂ of the inverted L-shaped conductor 3, the parallel conductor portion 3 ₁ of the inverted L-shaped conductor 3 and the radial conductor 2 are applied. The high-frequency current applied to the loop-shaped conductor 1 via the electromagnetic coupling has a traveling wave distribution on the loop-shaped conductor 1 and is circularly polarized in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the loop-shaped conductor 1. Emits electromagnetic waves. FIG. 2 shows the surface of the loop-shaped conductor 1 and the reflection plate 4 in the antenna of the present invention shown in FIG.
And 0.099λ ₀ (where λ ₀ is the free space wavelength corresponding to the design frequency f ₀ ), the length of the conductor 2 in the radial direction and the length of the parallel conductor portion 3 ₁ of the inverted L-shaped conductor 3 are selected. , Le, respectively - with to match the radius of the flop-shaped conductor 1, in order to improve the axial ratio, perturbation elements 6 ₁ and 6 ₂ of the attachment points and the gain and axial ratio at the time of a suitably adjust each protruding length It exhibits frequency characteristics, has a relatively high gain, and exhibits good circular polarization characteristics. In FIG. 2, the horizontal axis represents the specific frequency with respect to the design frequency f ₀ , and the vertical axis represents the gain (d
B) or axial ratio (dB), the solid line is the gain, and the broken line is the axial ratio.

In the antenna of the present invention, since the loop-shaped conductor 1, the radial conductor 2, and the perturbation elements 6 ₁ and 6 ₂ can all be formed on the same plane, the antenna of the present invention can be formed. In manufacturing, for example, a metal plate having an appropriate thickness is pressed to form a loop-shaped conductor 1,
The conductor 2 in the radial direction and the perturbation elements 6 ₁ and 6 ₂ are integrally punched out, and these and a metal plate of an appropriate thickness forming the reflection plate 4 are opposed to each other with a required space therebetween, and the inverted L-shaped conductor 3 is interposed therebetween. And a conductor for forming the antenna are interposed, and these are integrally coupled with an appropriate insulating material to form the antenna body.
When an insulating material is also interposed between the radial conductor 2 and the parallel conductor portion 3 ₁ of the inverted L-shaped conductor 3, the radial conductor is arranged in accordance with the relative permittivity of the intervening insulating material. The electromagnetic coupling between 2 and the parallel conductor portion 3 ₁ becomes dense, which is equivalent to the length of the conductor 2 in the radial direction and the length of the parallel conductor portion 3 ₁ being extended, but an appropriate correction is made. This can be equivalent to electromagnetic coupling when air is present between the radial conductor 2 and the parallel conductor portion 3 ₁ . In other words, by widening the distance between the radial direction of the conductor 2 parallel conductor portions 3 ₁ appropriately, even when the solid dielectric and is interposed between the conductors, as in the case where the air is interposed between the conductors The parallel conductor portion 3 ₁ and the orthogonal conductor portion 3 ₂
The connection bending point can be made to coincide with the center of the loop-shaped conductor 1. Also, Le a suitable dielectric surface of the substrate by etching techniques - flop shaped conductor 1, the radial direction of the conductor 2, leaving a thin metal layer corresponding to the perturbation elements 6 ₁ and 6 _2, of the back surface of the dielectric substrate , The thin metal layer corresponding to the parallel conductor portion 3 ₁ of the inverted L-shaped conductor 3 is left at a position facing the thin metal layer corresponding to the conductor 2 in the radial direction. A spacer made of a solid dielectric is provided, and a thin metal layer corresponding to the reflection plate 4 is left on the bottom surface of the spacer, and a through hole provided on the spacer, that is, an inverted L-shaped conductor. The inner end of the metal thin layer corresponding to the parallel conductor portion 3 ₁ provided on the back surface of the dielectric substrate through the through hole corresponding to the orthogonal conductor portion 3 ₂ of 3 and the metal thin layer corresponding to the reflection plate 4. The connection with the outer end of the probe provided in the waveguide attached to the back surface of the , A spacer and a dielectric substrate are provided around the through-hole provided in the spacer,
The antenna of the present invention can be constructed by rotatably forming both.

[0011] Figure 3 is a perspective view showing a main part of another embodiment of the present invention, 1 ₃ Le - In flop type conductor, Le in the previous examples - flop shaped conductor 1 of appropriate positions to Le - The perturbation elements 6 ₁ and 6
₂ is formed, but in this embodiment, the loop-shaped conductor 1 is formed.
_The perturbation element 6 ₃ is formed by a discontinuous portion formed by cutting off a part of ₃ and the radiation characteristics similar to those in the previous embodiment are obtained by appropriately adjusting the length and the formation position of the discontinuous portion 6 _3. Can have Although FIG. 3 shows an example in which one perturbation element 6 ₃ including a discontinuous portion is provided,
The present invention can also be implemented by providing two perturbation elements composed of two discontinuities. In the present embodiment, to form the perturbation elements, Le - so to form a discontinuity by cutting a part of the flop-shaped conductor 1 _3, Le by a suitable plate-like insulating material - flop type conductor it is necessary to keep the 1 ₃ of attitude. Incidentally, Le - length of the circumference of the flop-shaped conductor 1 _3, including discontinuities, front shown in FIG. 1 be equal formed almost a wavelength or integral multiple thereof of a wavelength corresponding to the design frequency implementation Similar to the example, and other symbols in FIG.
The configuration and operation are similar to those of the previous embodiment. 1 and 3, the loop conductors 1 (FIG. 1) and 1 ₃ (FIG. 3) are shown.
The case where the contour shape of the loop is circular is illustrated, but
The present invention can be practiced even if the contour shape of the loop is formed into an elliptical shape.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an essential part of another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, instead of forming the contour shape of the loop into a circle or an ellipse, a loop shape is formed. Loop-shaped conductor 1 in which the contour shape of the loop in the conductor is formed in a square shape
₄ (the perimeter is the same as in the case of FIG. 1) is used only in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and other reference numerals, configurations and actions are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIG. It is the same. 4 shows, Le - Le in flop-type conductor 1 ₄ - has been exemplified a case where a square the flop contour, Le - may form up contour rectangular or any polygonal shape, Perturbation element 6 ₁
And 6 ₂ Le - instead of forming a straight conductor projecting to the outside of the flop-shaped conductor 1 ₄ (or inner), Le shown in FIG. 3 - like the flop-type conductor 1 _3, Le - flop type it may be formed perturbation elements by discontinuities formed by ablating a portion of the conductor 1 _4. Figure 1, in each of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the perturbation element ₆₁ to Le except 6 ₃ - flop shaped conductor 1,
1 ₃ and 1 ₄ Le respectively successively - by forming a conductor forming the flop, it is possible to emit a radiation wave of linear polarization.

FIG. 5 is also a perspective view showing an essential part of another embodiment of the present invention. Reference numeral 11 is a curled conductor, whose virtual circumference length is substantially equal to the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency. The curled conductor 11 is formed to have a wavelength or an integral multiple thereof.
A radial conductor 2 is connected between an end of the curled conductor 11 close to the center of the curled conductor 11 and a substantially central point of an imaginary circumference of the curled conductor 11. The other symbols and configurations are the same as in FIG. 1, and the polarization of the radiated wave is also circular polarization. FIG. 6 is also a perspective view showing an essential part of another embodiment of the present invention, in which 12 is a helical conductor, and the length of the circumference of the virtual cylinder is approximately one wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency or its The conductor 2 is formed to be an integral multiple, and the conductor 2 in the radial direction is connected between the end near the reflector 4 and the center of the virtual cylinder. The other symbols and configurations are the same as in FIG. 1, and the polarization of the radiated wave is also circular polarization. In each of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4 to 6, the inverted L-shaped conductor 3 is connected to the vertical conductor portion 3.
Rotate around ₂ and loop conductors 1, 1
₃ , 1 ₄ or curled conductor 11 or helical conductor 1
By rotating 2 around the center by the same rotation angle as the inverted L-shaped conductor 3, the radiation phase of the radiation wave can be controlled.

FIG. 7 also shows the essential parts of another embodiment of the present invention.
1 is a perspective view showing the loop shown in FIG.
Instead of the shaped conductor 1 and the radial conductor 2, a metal plate or
Of microstrip antenna composed of metal or wire mesh
The surface forming conductor 13 is provided, and the parallel conductor portion of the inverted L-shaped conductor 3 is provided.
Three₁ Is provided substantially parallel to the conductor 13 with an appropriate interval,
Parallel conductor part 3₁ And the conductor 13 are electromagnetically coupled.
Instead of the reflector 4, a microstrip antenna
With the radiation surface forming conductor 13 of
Ground conductor 4 forming a tenor₇ With other symbols
The configuration is similar to that of FIG. In this example
Is the ground conductor 4₇ Waveguide and probe provided on the back surface of the
When high frequency power is applied via the
Conductor part 3₁ Through the electromagnetic coupling between the conductor and the conductor 13
High-frequency current is induced in the conductor 13, and the conductor 13 and the ground conductor 4 ₇ 
Of a linearly polarized wave from a microstrip antenna consisting of
Radiation waves are emitted. Set the contour shape of the conductor 13 to square, rectangular
Shape, any polygon, any shape such as circle or ellipse
Even when formed, a linearly polarized wave is emitted. Example
The contour shape of the conductor 13 in FIG.
As shown in the perspective view, the conductors 13 are opposed to each other via diagonal lines.
The corners to be cut should be cut off at an angle, or
As shown in the perspective view of the
Parallel conductor part 3 of the inverted L-shaped conductor 3 facing₁ To provide
Or, as shown in the perspective view of the main part in FIG.
10 illustrates a case where the contour shape is circular,
14 is attached to the conductor 13 shown in FIGS. 7 to 9.
Similar to the above, it is made of a metal plate or a wire mesh. ) Recessed at the periphery
A perturbation element 6_Four And 6_Five By providing
As a result, circularly polarized waves can be emitted. With a perturbation element
In addition to those shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, for example,
Part of the peripheral edge of the conductor should be projected in a convex shape, or
It may be formed by forming pores of an appropriate shape in the
If it is possible to change the high frequency current in the plane,
Any appropriate one can be used. This is
The same applies to perturbation elements attached to
It

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the main part of another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the vertical conductor portion 3 ₂ of the inverted L-shaped conductor 3 is different from that of the embodiment shown in FIG. Differently, it is provided not at a position orthogonal to the center of the loop-shaped conductor 1 but at a position orthogonal to the loop-shaped conductor 1, and other reference numerals and configurations are the same as those in FIG. In this embodiment, the antenna can be assembled without welding work, but the radiation phase of the radiation wave can be controlled only by rotating the loop-shaped conductor and the inverted L-shaped conductor 3. It is impossible to do. In each of the above-mentioned embodiments, there is a feature that welding work is not involved in assembling the antenna, the assembling work is easy, and it is suitable for mass production.
In the case where the power supply circuit is formed by a waveguide such as a waveguide and the connection with the power supply circuit is performed by a probe, instead of connecting the power supply circuit by a coaxial plug, , Reverse L
Connection between the orthogonal conductor portion 3 and _second end portions and the inner conductor of the coaxial connector of the shaped conductor 3, so that no other by welding.

FIG. 12 is a view for explaining an array antenna in which the antenna of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is used as a constituent element antenna. Reference numeral 15 is a dielectric substrate, on the front surface (or back surface) of which is shown in FIG. Le - flop shaped conductor 1, the radial direction of the conductor 2, it is provided as appropriate a plurality of part radiation part of the antenna consisting of perturbation elements 6 ₁ and 6 _2. 16 is an insulation space
Reference numerals 17 and 17 are reflectors, and a plurality of inverted L-shaped conductors 3 corresponding to some radiation components of the antenna provided on the dielectric substrate 15 are provided.

[0017]

In the antenna of the present invention, welding work is required when assembling the antenna body and the connecting portion with the excitation circuit, except in exceptional cases where the connection with the excitation circuit is made through a coaxial plug. Therefore, it is extremely easy to assemble and suitable for mass production. Also, the loop-shaped conductor 1,
1 ₃ , 1 ₄ , curl type conductor 11, helical type conductor 12,
Radiation surface forming conductors 13 and 1 of the microstrip antenna
4 and the inverted L-shaped conductor 3 are extremely easily disassembled and coupled, and therefore, any of the above loop-shaped conductors 1, 1 ₃ , 1 ₄ or the radiation surface forming conductors 13 and 14 of the microstrip antenna. , A conductor provided with a perturbation element, a conductor not provided with a perturbation element, and a conductor provided with a perturbation element, among the conductors having different numbers of perturbation elements, attachment points, shapes, etc., are arbitrary conductors and inverted L-shaped conductors. The radiation characteristics of the antenna can be freely changed by combining the above. Further, in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4 to 10, it is extremely easy to control the radiation phase. It is suitable as a component element antenna of an antenna.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a main part of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing frequency characteristics of gain and axial ratio of the antenna of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a main part of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a main part of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a main part of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a main part of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a main part of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a main part of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a main part of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a main part of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a main part of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an array antenna including the antenna of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a main part of a conventional antenna.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing frequency characteristics of a gain and an axial ratio of a conventional antenna.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 1 ₃ , 1 ₄ Loop-shaped conductor ₂ Radial conductor 3 Inverted L-shaped conductor 3 ₁ Parallel conductor portion 3 ₂ Orthogonal conductor portion 4, 17 Reflector 5 Through hole 6 _{1 to} 6 ₅ Perturbation element 11 Car Leu conductor 12 Helical conductors 13 and 14 Radiating surface forming conductor of microstrip antenna 4 ₇ Ground conductor 15 Dielectric substrate 16 Insulation spacer 21 Loop conductor 22 ₁ Radial conductor 22 ₂ Vertical conductor 23 Reflector 24 Through holes 25 ₁ and 25 ₂ Perturbation element

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── --- Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-5-145329 (JP, A) JP-A-6-268432 (JP, A) JP-A-3-159403 (JP, A) JP-A-6- 61734 (JP, A) JP 4-157907 (JP, A) JP 5-110334 (JP, A) JP 5-70322 (JP, B2) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H01Q 7/00 H01Q 1/36 H01Q 13/08

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A loop-shaped conductor having a perimeter length that is approximately one wavelength of a wavelength corresponding to a design frequency or an integral multiple thereof, one end of which is connected to the loop-shaped conductor, and the longitudinal direction is the central portion of the loop-shaped conductor. a conductor toward a reflecting plate provided at a said loop-shaped conductor and appropriate intervals, inverted L that is provided between the reflecting plate and the loop-shaped conductor
The inverted L-shaped conductor is provided with one end thereof connected to the loop-shaped conductor, and the longitudinal direction of the inverted L-shaped conductor is substantially parallel to the conductor extending toward the center of the loop-shaped conductor. parallel conductors, connected to an end of the parallel conductors, electromagnetic coupling type antenna, characterized in Rukoto is composed of a perpendicular conductor provided in a direction perpendicular to the parallel conductors. 2. A loop-shaped conductor having a perimeter length that is approximately one wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency or an integral multiple thereof, one end of which is connected to the loop-shaped conductor, and the longitudinal direction is the central portion of the loop-shaped conductor. To the loop-shaped conductor, one end of which is connected to the loop-shaped conductor, and a perturbation element that is formed of a linear conductor that is projected to the outside or the inside of the loop-shaped conductor; Conversely L that provided between the reflector and the reflecting plate and the loop-shaped conductor
And a shaped conductor, the inverted L-shaped conductor, the looped-shaped conductor connected to one end, the longitudinal direction, parallel conductors disposed substantially parallel to the conductors towards the center of said loop-shaped conductor, It connected to an end of the parallel conductors, electromagnetic coupling type antenna, characterized in Rukoto is composed of a perpendicular conductor provided in a direction perpendicular to the parallel conductors. 3. A loop-shaped conductor having a discontinuity in a part thereof, and including this discontinuity, and having a perimeter of substantially one wavelength of a wavelength corresponding to a design frequency or an integral multiple thereof, A conductor, one end of which is connected to a continuous portion of the conductor and whose longitudinal direction is toward the center of the loop-shaped conductor, a reflector provided at an appropriate interval from the loop-shaped conductor, the loop-shaped conductor and the reflection Conversely L that is provided between the plate
The inverted L-shaped conductor is provided with one end thereof connected to the loop-shaped conductor, and the longitudinal direction of the inverted L-shaped conductor is substantially parallel to the conductor extending toward the center of the loop-shaped conductor. parallel conductors, connected to an end of the parallel conductors, electromagnetic coupling type antenna, characterized in Rukoto is composed of a perpendicular conductor provided in a direction perpendicular to the parallel conductors. 4. A curled conductor whose length of a virtual circumference is approximately one wavelength of a wavelength corresponding to a design frequency or an integral multiple thereof, and a center of the curled conductor among end portions of the curled conductor. A conductor, one end of which is connected to an end portion close to, the longitudinal direction of which is toward the center of the curled conductor, a reflection plate which is provided at an appropriate interval from the curled conductor, the curled conductor and the reflection. Conversely L that is provided between the plate
And an inverted L-shaped conductor , wherein the inverted L-shaped conductor comprises:
One end is connected to the end near the center of the curled conductor ,
Orthogonal the longitudinal direction, parallel conductors disposed substantially parallel to the conductors towards the center of the curl-shaped conductor, is connected to the end of the parallel conductors, provided in a direction perpendicular to the parallel conductors electromagnetic coupling type antenna, characterized in Rukoto is composed of a conductor. 5. A helical conductor having a circumference of the virtual cylinder equal to one wavelength of a wavelength corresponding to a design frequency or an integral multiple thereof, and a reflector provided at a proper distance from the helical conductor. Of the end portions of the helical conductor, one end is connected to the end portion close to the reflection plate, the longitudinal direction is toward the center of the virtual cylinder, the helical conductor, and the reflection plate. that is provided between
An inverted L-shaped conductor, wherein the inverted L-shaped conductor is the reflection plate of the helical conductor.
One end connected to an end portion closer to the longitudinal direction, the imaginary circle
Provided almost parallel to the conductor toward the center of the cylinder
Parallel conductors, connected to an end of the parallel conductors, electromagnetic coupling type antenna, characterized in Rukoto is composed of a perpendicular conductor provided in a direction perpendicular to the parallel conductors.