JP3429673B2 - Vehicle air conditioner - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air conditioner for a vehicle, and particularly, to control the passenger compartment temperature to a target value with high accuracy so that the passenger's thermal sensation can be arbitrarily set and a comfortable thermal sensation can be obtained. Thus, the present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner capable of producing an extremely comfortable air conditioning state.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional vehicle air conditioner is constructed, for example, as shown in FIGS. In FIG.
Reference numeral 1 denotes the entire mechanical components of the vehicle air-conditioning system. At the inlet side of the ventilation duct 2, the air intake amount from the inside air introduction port 3 side and the air intake amount from the outside air introduction port 4 side are shown. An inside / outside air switching damper 5 for controlling the ratio of The sucked air is sucked and pressure-fed in the duct 2 by the blower 7 driven by the motor 6.

An evaporator 8 as a cooler is provided downstream of the blower 7, and a hot water heater 9 as a heater is provided downstream of the evaporator 8. In the hot water heater 9,
The engine cooling water 10 is circulated and heated.

Refrigerant circulated in the cooler cycle 11 is supplied to the evaporator 8. The refrigerant is compressed by, for example, a variable capacity compressor (compressor) 12, and the condenser 1
After being condensed in 3, it is sent to the evaporator 8 via the reservoir tank 14 and the expansion valve 15, and is sucked from the evaporator 8 to the compressor 12. This suction pressure is controlled by the suction pressure controller 16
Can be controlled arbitrarily by.

An air mix damper 17 is provided immediately downstream of the hot water heater 9. The amount of air passing through the heater 9 is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the air mix damper 17 operated by the air mix damper actuator 18. And the amount of air bypassed can be controlled.

The temperature-controlled air is supplied to each of the air outlets 19, 20,
21 (eg DEF, VENT, FOOT outlet)
Is blown into the passenger compartment through. Each outlet 19, 20,
The dampers 21, 23, and 24 are provided at 21, respectively.

The voltage (rotation speed) of the motor 6 of the blower 7, the air mix damper actuator 18, and the suction pressure controller 16 of the compressor 12 are controlled based on signals from the main controller 25. The main controller 25 includes a vehicle interior temperature setting device 2
The target vehicle interior temperature set by 6 is input and set, and detection signals from the vehicle interior temperature sensor 27, the outside air temperature sensor 28, and the solar radiation sensor 29 are input, respectively.

In the main controller 25, as shown in FIG. 9, for example, a target vehicle interior temperature TV set by a vehicle interior temperature setting device 26, an outside air temperature AMB detected by an outside air temperature sensor 28, and a solar radiation sensor 29 are detected. The solar radiation amount RAD and the vehicle interior temperature TR detected by the vehicle interior temperature sensor 27 are input. The target outlet temperature TOs is calculated by the following equation based on these input signals. TOs = Kp1 (TR-TV) + f (AMB, RAD,
TV) Here, Kp1 is a proportional constant.

Further, the heater inlet air temperature TINh is calculated according to the condition when the compressor is ON and when the compressor is OFF. When the compressor is ON: TINh = f (TINe, BLV, PS) When the compressor is OFF: TINh = TINe, where TINe is the cooler inlet air temperature, BLV is the blower (blower) voltage signal value, and PS is the compressor suction pressure. is there.

The cooler inlet air temperature TINe is set to TINe = AMB when the outside air is introduced, and TINe = TR when the inside air is introduced.

Based on these calculated values, the blower voltage B
LV is calculated by BLV = f (TOs), and the opening AM of the air mix damper 17 is calculated.
D is calculated by AMD = f (TOs, TINh, TW), and the compressor suction pressure PS is calculated by PS = f (TOs, BLV, TINe). Here, TW is the heater inlet hot water temperature.

Based on such calculation, the blower voltage signal is sent to the blower voltage controller 30 and the air mix damper position signal is sent to the air mix damper actuator 18.
The compressor suction pressure signal is the suction pressure controller 16
And the rotation speed of the blower 7, the opening degree of the air mix damper 17, and the suction pressure of the compressor 12 are controlled.

That is, in such conventional control, the target air temperature inside the vehicle is set, and the air flow rate is controlled so that the vehicle interior temperature detected by the vehicle interior temperature detecting means becomes equal to the target temperature. The amount of heating, the amount of cooling, etc. were adjusted. In addition, for the adjustment of the heating amount, for example, in a heater that uses engine cooling water and uses engine exhaust heat as a heat source, in the case of adjusting the air flow rate passing through the heater and when the engine cooling water passing through the heater is adjusted. The flow rate may be adjusted, and for example, in the case of a heater using a heat pump, the capacity such as the rotation speed of the compressor may be adjusted. In addition, the amount of cooling is adjusted by adjusting the compressor rotation speed and other volumes during the cooler cycle, and the opening of the refrigerant throttle valve (evaporation pressure control valve, etc.) between the evaporator and compressor during the cooler cycle. It may be adjusted.

In the case of the control shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the control characteristics are as shown in, for example, FIG. As shown in (a) of FIG. 10, the blowout temperature is controlled so that the vehicle interior temperature reaches the target value, and the vehicle interior temperature reaches the target value even when the temperature changes from the presence of solar radiation to the absence of solar radiation, for example. The blowing temperature is controlled to be changed.

However, the main factors that influence a person's thermal sensation are the amount of metabolism, the amount of clothes, the air temperature, the radiation temperature, the air flow, and the humidity. Regarding the metabolic rate, the amount of occupant activity during boarding is not significantly different, and humidity does not have a great effect on comfort under environmental conditions that are close to comfortable without sweating, but other factors are It greatly affects the thermal comfort of passengers. Therefore, the factors related to the thermal sensation of the vehicle occupant are not only the temperature inside the vehicle but also the amount of air blower blown with respect to the air flow, the amount of solar radiation and the outside air with respect to the radiation temperature, and the outside air temperature with respect to the amount of clothes. Therefore, in the case of the air conditioner that keeps the vehicle interior temperature constant as described above, it may feel uncomfortable depending on the outside air temperature and the amount of solar radiation, and the comfort cannot be maintained. In addition, frequent correction of set values is required to correct it.

A PMV value (predicted mean vote) is a representative index of the person's thermal sensation. IS
According to O7730, the PMV is defined as follows. PMV +3 +2 +1 0 -1 -2 -3 hot warm feeling warm warm slightly warm neutral slightly cool cool cold

In the case of the conventional air conditioner described above, for example, it becomes as shown in FIG. That is, the target value of the PMV changes between the case where the solar radiation is present and the case where the solar radiation is not present. However, as described above, the PMV value is not considered and only the control is performed so that the vehicle interior temperature becomes the target value. The value cannot follow such changes, and the PVM value may deviate from the target value, which may be uncomfortable.

[0018]

An object of the present invention is to pay attention to the above-mentioned problems, to allow a desired value of the thermal sensation to be arbitrarily set, and to achieve a set thermal sensation. It is intended to realize a more comfortable air conditioning state by calculating a target value of the indoor temperature and controlling the actual vehicle interior temperature to approach the target value.

As a conventional technique for controlling the vehicle interior temperature, the air conditioning control disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-25941 is known. In this control, the vehicle interior temperature itself is set and its set value is set. And the target room temperature calculated from the airflow, the clothing amount, the radiation amount, etc. are compared and controlled, which is basically different from the control in the present invention.

[0020]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an air conditioner for a vehicle according to claim 1 of the present invention has at least a blower for blowing air into the vehicle interior through a ventilation duct, and a ventilation duct. A cooler for cooling the air and / or a heater for heating the air by exchanging heat with the air inside, and a ventilation duct outlet air depending on the cooling degree of the cooler and / or the heating degree of the heater An air conditioner for a vehicle comprising: an outlet air temperature adjusting means for adjusting a temperature; an air volume adjusting means for adjusting an air flow rate of the blower; and a vehicle interior temperature detecting means for detecting a vehicle interior temperature,
A thermal sensation setting means capable of arbitrarily setting a target value of a thermal sensation index representing a thermal sensation; and (b) a thermal sensation set value by the thermal sensation setting means and an air volume corresponding to an adjustment amount of the air volume adjustment means. An indoor temperature control means for calculating the target value of the vehicle interior temperature with reference to the adjustment amount, and controlling the outlet air temperature adjusting means and / or the air volume adjusting means so that the vehicle interior temperature approaches the target value. It is characterized by having.

In this vehicle air conditioner, at least the motor voltage of the blower or the state quantity corresponding to the motor voltage of the blower is used as the air flow rate adjustment amount referred to in the room temperature control means in order to calculate the target value of the vehicle interior temperature. Can be used.

The air conditioner for a vehicle according to claim 2 of the present invention includes at least a blower for blowing air into the vehicle compartment through the ventilation duct, and an air blower for exchanging heat with the air in the ventilation duct. a heater for heating the cooler and / or air for cooling and an outlet air temperature adjusting means for adjusting the air duct outlet air temperature in accordance with the heating degree of the degree of cooling and / or the heating unit of the cooler, the Blast
The air flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the air flow rate of the machine, the solar radiation amount detecting means for detecting the solar radiation amount and / or the outside air temperature detecting means for detecting the outside air temperature, and the vehicle interior temperature detecting means for detecting the vehicle interior temperature are provided. In a vehicle air conditioner, (a) a thermal sensation setting means capable of arbitrarily setting a target value of a thermal sensation index indicating a thermal sensation, and (b) a thermal sensation set value by the thermal sensation setting means and the air flow rate. Corresponding to the adjustment amount of the adjustment means
The target value of the vehicle interior temperature is calculated with reference to the air flow rate adjustment amount, the solar radiation amount, and / or the outside air temperature, and the outlet air temperature adjusting means is controlled so that the vehicle interior temperature approaches the target value. It has a room temperature control means.

In this vehicle air conditioner, when the outlet air temperature adjusting means calculates the target value of the passenger compartment temperature, it is assumed that the amount of clothing of the occupant has a correlation with the outside air temperature. You can

Further, in these vehicle air conditioners,
In the room temperature control means, the adjustment of the outlet air temperature control means is performed by using an operation including at least proportional control or an operation including integral control regarding the deviation between the target value of the vehicle interior temperature and the vehicle interior temperature. be able to. Furthermore, it can be assumed that the target value of the vehicle interior temperature in the indoor temperature control means is calculated by the following calculation. TV = a ・ TC + b ・ AMB + c ・ RAD + d ・ BLV
+ E Here, TV: target value of vehicle interior temperature, TC: thermal sensation set value, AMB: outside air temperature, RAD: solar radiation amount, BLV: blower air flow rate adjustment amount, ae are constants.

That is, the main item of control in the vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1 can be expressed as a control flow 41 shown in FIG. 1, and the main item of control in the vehicle air conditioner according to claim 2 is , Which can be represented, for example, as the control flow 42 shown in FIG.

In such a vehicle air conditioner, first, the target value of the thermal sensation index can be set arbitrarily, so that the occupant's own sensory reference or the occupant's current state can be set according to the situation at that time. Accordingly, it becomes possible to set the optimum thermal sensation target value to be controlled.

Then, the target vehicle interior temperature is estimated by calculation so that the actual thermal sensation can reach the above thermal sensation set value, and the respective adjusting means control so that the actual vehicle interior temperature approaches the target vehicle interior temperature. To be done. Therefore, it becomes possible to control the actual vehicle interior temperature to an optimum target vehicle interior temperature in consideration of the thermal sensation set value without being influenced by external conditions, and it is not possible to obtain the vehicle interior temperature control alone. , A comfortable air conditioning can be realized.

Further, since the target vehicle interior temperature is estimated so as to obtain the target thermal sensation according to the change of the external condition (state quantity), frequent setting value change is not necessary at all, and it is easy. In addition, the vehicle interior temperature and the warm feeling state are controlled accurately and accurately.

[0029]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of a vehicle air conditioner of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 3 is a device system diagram of a vehicle air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention. Since the hardware device system is substantially the same as that shown in FIG. 8, the explanation is omitted by giving the same reference numerals as those given in FIG. In the present embodiment, the main controller 51 has a P as a thermal sensation setter capable of arbitrarily setting a PMV value as a thermal sensation index.
From the MV setter 52, the target PM as the thermal sensation target value
V is set and input. Although PMV is used in the present embodiment as this thermal sensation index, there are indexes other than PMV, for example, so-called working temperature, equivalent temperature, effective temperature, and new effective temperature, and any one of these is adopted. It is also possible.

In the main controller 51, PM
The target value of the vehicle interior temperature corresponding to the set value by the V setter 52 is estimated by calculation. Then, the blower voltage, the heating amount, and the cooling amount are adjusted so that the actual vehicle interior temperature approaches the target value.

This control is performed, for example, as shown in FIG. Signal 5 of the set value TP set by the PMV setter 52, the outside air temperature AMB detected by the outside air temperature sensor 28, and the insolation amount RAD detected by the insolation sensor 29.
3, 54, and 55 are input to the vehicle interior temperature target value calculating means 56 as means for calculating the vehicle interior temperature target value, and the means 56 estimates the target vehicle interior temperature corresponding to the PMV set value by calculation. To be done. The target vehicle interior temperature corresponding to the PMV set value is the PMV set value TP and the outside air temperature A.
MB, solar radiation RAD, blower (blower) voltage signal value BL
It is derived from V and the calculation is performed by the following formula, for example. TV = a ・ TC + b ・ AMB + c ・ RAD + d ・ BLV
+ E Here, the meaning of each symbol is as described above. The blower voltage signal value BLV is the current operating voltage signal value, that is, the previous calculated value. Also, a to e are constants,
Of these, the constant b is a coefficient when the clothing thermal resistance CLO has a unique relationship with the outside air temperature, for example, the relationship shown in FIG. _{That, b · AMB = b 1 ·} CLO + b 2 · AMB However, CLO = b ₃ · AMB Therefore, a relationship of _{b = b 1 · b 3 +} b 2.

The estimated value TV of the target vehicle interior temperature, the signal values AMB and RAD from each sensor, and the vehicle interior sensor 2
The target outlet air temperature TOs is calculated by the target outlet air temperature calculating means 58 using the signal value 57 of the vehicle interior temperature TR detected by 7. The calculation is, for example, the target vehicle interior temperature TV, the outside air temperature AMB, the solar radiation amount RAD, the vehicle interior temperature T
With reference to R, the following formula is used. TOs = Kp2 · [(TV-TR) + I _n] + g · AM
Here B + h · RAD + i · TR + j, Kp2 is a proportional constant, I _n denotes the integral control term. g, h, i and j are constants. However, I _n = I _n-1 + (Δt / Ki) · (TV-TR). Here, Δt is a control cycle, and Ki is a constant.

The blower voltage BLV is calculated by the blower voltage calculation means 59 using the above target blowout temperature calculation result. This calculation is performed, for example, as shown in FIG.

The heater inlet air temperature TINh is calculated by the heater inlet air temperature calculating means 60 according to the condition when the compressor is ON and when the compressor is OFF. When the compressor is ON: TINh = f (TINe, BLV, PS) When the compressor is OFF: TINh = TINe, where TINe is the cooler inlet air temperature, BLV is the blower (blower) voltage signal value, and PS is the compressor suction pressure. is there. The PS is estimated from the current intake pressure control calculation value.

Further, the cooler inlet air temperature TINe is set by the cooler inlet air temperature determining means 61 to TINe = AMB when the outside air is introduced, and TIN when the inside air is introduced.
e = TR.

The opening AMD of the air mix damper 17 is
The air mix damper opening calculating means 62 calculates AMD = f (TOs, TINh, TW) and adjusts the outlet temperature to TOs. The compressor suction pressure PS is calculated by the compressor suction pressure calculating means 63. = F (TOs, BLV, TINe), and the outlet temperature is adjusted to TOs. Here, TW is the heater inlet hot water temperature.

Based on such calculation, the blower voltage signal is sent to the blower voltage controller 30 and the air mix damper position signal is sent to the air mix damper actuator 18.
The compressor suction pressure signal is the suction pressure controller 16
And the rotation speed of the blower 7, the opening degree of the air mix damper 17, and the suction pressure of the compressor 12 are controlled.

In the above description, the air mix damper opening adjustment is the heating amount adjustment of the heater, and the compressor suction pressure adjustment is the cooling amount adjustment of the cooler.
When TOs> TINe, air mix damper, TOs
When <TINe, the blowout temperature is adjusted by the compressor suction pressure. The adjustment of the compressor suction pressure is achieved by the suction pressure controller 16 controlling the discharge capacity of the compressor (or the compressor rotation speed).

By the control as described above, the actual control characteristics are as shown in (a) and (b) of FIG. 7, for example.
That is, as shown in FIG. 7A, for example, the blowout temperature is controlled and the vehicle interior temperature is controlled in accordance with the change in the condition of the presence or absence of solar radiation. At this time, unlike the conventional case, the vehicle interior temperature is not controlled to have a constant target value irrespective of the change in conditions, but the target calculated to achieve the PMV target value set by the PMV setter is set. To approach the vehicle interior temperature, that is, in the illustrated control example,
Under conditions without solar radiation, the temperature inside the vehicle is automatically controlled to be slightly higher. As a result, as shown in FIG. 7B, the passenger compartment temperature is controlled so that the actual PMV value becomes the PMV target value, regardless of the above-described change in the condition with or without insolation, and the comfort level is improved. An air conditioning state with a warm feeling is realized. Further, since the control automatically follows the change in conditions, frequent change of the set value is not required at all.

In the vehicle air conditioner according to the present invention,
The PMV value specified in ISO7730 is approximately −
It is sufficient if the target value can be set within the range of 2.0 to +2.0. The PMV value may be displayed on the PMV setter so that the PMV value can be set as it is. However, if the PMV value is displayed and set in Celsius temperature, the temperature setter of the conventional air conditioner for a vehicle feels uncomfortable. Does not occur. For example,
It is possible to display and set the Celsius temperature value Ts calculated by the following relational expression between the Celsius temperature and the PMV value under standard conditions (outside air temperature 20 to 30 ° C., no solar radiation, minimum blower air flow). Ts = K × PMV + 25 (K is 3 to 5)

[0041]

As described above, according to the vehicle air conditioner of the present invention, the target thermal sensation can be arbitrarily set and the actual thermal sensation targeted by the actual thermal sensation irrespective of changes in external conditions. Estimate the target vehicle interior temperature so that the feeling set value is reached,
The actual vehicle interior temperature can be controlled so as to approach the target vehicle interior temperature, and an extremely comfortable conditioned air condition can be displayed without requiring an operation such as setting change.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a basic concept of the invention according to claim 1.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a basic concept of the invention according to claim 2;

FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a vehicle air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of control of the vehicle air conditioner of FIG.

5 is a characteristic diagram of clothing thermal resistance in the control of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram of a blower voltage used for the blower voltage calculation in the control of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing a characteristic example obtained as a result of the control in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional vehicle air conditioner.

9 is a block diagram showing an example of control of the vehicle air conditioner of FIG. 8. FIG.

10 is a characteristic diagram showing a characteristic example obtained as a result of the control in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Air conditioner 2 ventilation ducts 5 Inside / outside air switching damper 6 motor 7 blower 8 Evaporator as a cooler 9 Hot water heater as a heater 11 Cooler cycle 12 compressor 13 condenser 16 Suction pressure controller 17 Air Mix Damper 18 Air mix damper actuator 19, 20, 21 Outlet 22, 23, 24 damper 27 Vehicle interior temperature sensor 28 Outside air temperature sensor 29 solar radiation sensor 30 Blower voltage controller 51 Main controller 52 PMV setting device 56 Target temperature calculation means for vehicle interior 58 Target outlet temperature calculation means 59 Blower voltage calculation means 60 Heater inlet air temperature calculation means 61 Cooler inlet air temperature determination means 62 Air mix damper opening calculation means 63 Compressor suction pressure calculation means

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI B60H 1/00 B60H 1/00 101X

Claims (7)

(57) [Claims] 1. At least a blower that blows air into a vehicle compartment through a ventilation duct, and a cooler that cools the air by exchanging heat with the air in the ventilation duct.
Alternatively, a heater for heating air, an outlet air temperature adjusting means for adjusting the outlet duct air temperature according to the cooling degree of the cooler and / or the heating degree of the heater, and the blow rate of the blower are adjusted. In a vehicular air-conditioning system equipped with an air volume adjusting means and a vehicle interior temperature detecting means for detecting a vehicle interior temperature, (a) a thermal sensation setting capable of arbitrarily setting a target value of a thermal sensation index representing a thermal sensation. Means and
(B) The target value of the vehicle interior temperature is calculated by referring to the thermal sensation set value by the thermal sensation setting unit and the air volume adjustment amount corresponding to the adjustment amount of the air volume adjustment unit, and the vehicle interior temperature is set as the target. An air conditioner for a vehicle, comprising: an outlet air temperature adjusting means and / or an indoor temperature controlling means for controlling the air volume adjusting means so as to approach a value. 2. An air blower for blowing air into a vehicle compartment through at least a ventilation duct, and a cooler for cooling the air by exchanging heat with the air in the ventilation duct.
Or a heater for heating the air, and an outlet air temperature adjusting means for adjusting the air duct outlet air temperature in accordance with the heating degree of the degree of cooling and / or the heating unit of the cooler, before
An air flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the air flow rate of the blower, an insolation amount detecting means for detecting an insolation amount and / or an outside air temperature detecting means for detecting an outside air temperature, and a vehicle interior temperature detecting means for detecting a vehicle interior temperature are provided. In a vehicle air conditioner
(A) a thermal sensation setting means capable of arbitrarily setting a target value of a thermal sensation index indicating a thermal sensation; (b) a thermal sensation set value by the thermal sensation setting means, and adjustment of the air volume adjusting means.
The target value of the vehicle interior temperature is calculated with reference to the air flow rate adjustment amount corresponding to the air volume, the solar radiation amount, and / or the outside air temperature, and the outlet air temperature adjusting means is arranged to bring the vehicle interior temperature close to the target value. And a room temperature control means for controlling the air conditioner. 3. The indoor temperature control means uses at least a motor voltage of a blower or a state quantity corresponding to the motor voltage of the blower as an air volume adjustment amount referred to in order to calculate the target value of the vehicle interior temperature. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1. 4. In the room temperature control means, the adjustment of the outlet air temperature control means includes an arithmetic operation including at least proportional control regarding the deviation between the target value of the vehicle interior temperature and the vehicle interior temperature, or an integral control. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the air conditioner is performed using calculation. 5. The outlet air temperature adjusting means is premised on that, when the target value of the passenger compartment temperature is calculated, the amount of clothing of the occupant has a correlation with the outside air temperature.
Vehicle air conditioner. 6. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the target value of the vehicle compartment temperature in the vehicle interior temperature control means is calculated by the following calculation. TV = a ・ TC + b ・ AMB + c ・ RAD + d ・ BLV + e where TV: target value of vehicle interior temperature, TC: thermal sensation set value, AMB: outside air temperature, RAD: solar radiation amount, BLV: blower air volume adjustment amount, ae : It is a constant. 7. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the thermal sensation setting means comprises means for setting a temperature value in degrees Celsius corresponding to the thermal sensation index.