JP3415669B2 - Cutter bit changer for shield machine - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cutter bit exchanging device mounted on a cutter disk on the front surface of a shield machine, and more particularly to a spoke rotary cutter bit exchanging device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when excavating a long distance with a shield machine, it is necessary to replace a consumable cutter bit during excavation. In the conventional shield machine, the distance that can be excavated without exchanging the cutter bit is limited to 1 to 2 km due to wear or damage due to sand or gravel in the ground. When excavating more distance with one shield machine, an intermediate shaft is installed in the middle of the excavation route and the cutter bit is replaced in this, or the ground in front of the shield machine is improved. It is necessary for the workers to come out on the cutting face and replace it manually after stabilizing it.

FIG. 7 shows, for example, in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 63-16539.
The structure of the spoke rotary cutter bit exchanging device proposed in No. 1 is shown. The cutter disk 2 on the front surface of the shield body 1 is rotationally driven to excavate the ground in front. A rotary joint 3 is provided between the cutter disk 2 and the shield body 1. In the shield body 1, a jack 5 for swinging and displacing the torque arm 4 is provided. According to the swing displacement of the torque arm 4, the bevel gear 6 is angularly displaced, and the rotating shaft 8 is driven via the bevel gear 7.

During the excavation of the shield machine, the rotating shaft 8 is constrained by the fixing device 9 so as not to rotate. The rotating shaft 8 is connected to a cutas pork 10, and a cutter bit 11 is provided on the surface side of the cutas pork 10. On the back side of the cutter spoke 10, a replacement cutter bit 1
Equipped with 2.

In order to replace the cutter bit used for excavation of the ground, first, the cutas pork 1 by the fixing device 9 is used.
It is necessary to release the fixed state of 0. Next, the jack 5 in the shield body 1 is actuated to transmit the rotational driving force from the center shaft 13 to the bevel gear 6 in the rotary joint 3, and the bevel gear 7 meshing at right angles with the bevel gear 7 rotates the rotary shaft. 8 is driven to rotate. When the replacement cutter bit 12 and the worn cutter bit 11 are replaced with each other by performing the angular displacement of 180 °, the fixing device 9 is actuated to operate the cutas pork 10
Again restrain and fix.

As a method of exchanging the cutter bit by the spoke rotation method, there is a method of manually activating it. The rotation of the bevel gears 6 and 7 in FIG. 7 is not performed, and an operator can enter the center shaft 13 and the core ring 14 and directly rotate the Kattus pork 10 by human power.

[0007]

The method of providing the intermediate shaft for exchanging the cutter bit requires excavation work of the intermediate shaft. In addition, it is difficult to secure land for the intermediate shaft in urban areas, and it is difficult to install the intermediate shaft itself in sea areas. As a method of improving the ground in front of the shield machine and stabilizing it without the provision of an intermediate shaft, the worker can put it out on the face and replace it manually by using an auxiliary method such as a freezing method or a chemical injection method. It is necessary, and the construction period of several months is required.

In the prior art shown in FIG. 7, the driving force in the linear direction generated by the jack 5 is converted into the rotational driving force by the torque arm 4 and the rotational direction is converted by the bevel gears 6, 7, so that the number of parts is reduced. , The structure is complicated and the device itself becomes large. Further, since the bevel gears 6 and 7 are arranged in a concentrated manner in the core ring 14, it is difficult to rotationally drive a large number of the Kattus spokes 10.
A method in which a worker enters the center shaft 13 or the core ring 14 to perform work is difficult work in a narrow work space under a poor environment.

An object of the present invention is to provide a cutter bit exchanging device for a shield machine, which has a simple structure and does not require direct manual work.

[0010]

According to the present invention, a plurality of cutlass porks are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the surface of the cutter disk, and each cuttus pork is arranged around an axis extending in the radial direction of the cutter disk. In a cutter bit exchanging device of a shield machine for exchanging the cutter bit used for excavation of the ground by rotating each of the cut taspokes around the axis, a plurality of cutter bits are provided on the plurality of planes. A portion that can be rotated around the axis is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the cutter disk, the cutas pork, a fixed cutter bit is provided on the inner peripheral portion of the cutter disk, the inner peripheral portion of the cutter disk, It is arranged individually in the radial inward direction of each Katta pork, and the rotary output shaft is directly connected to the rotary shaft of the Katta pork, An actuator capable of rotating the cutter spoke 隔操 operation, the inner peripheral portion of the cutter disk,
A fixing device that is provided for each Katta pork and that can lock and fix the rotation axis of the Katta pork by spring bias, and that can release the constraint by spring bias by remote operation, each actuator and each fixing device. A cutter bit exchanging device for a shield machine according to claim 1, further comprising: operating means for releasing the restraint of the rotary shaft by the fixing device and remotely operating the actuator so as to rotate the cutas pork.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the cutlass pork includes auxiliary spokes equipped only with a cutter bit arranged only on the outer peripheral portion of the cutter disk.

[0012]

In accordance with the present invention, the rotary shafts of the plurality of Katta spokes are provided with the actuators and fixing devices for rotary drive that can be remotely operated individually, and the actuators and the fixing devices are remotely operated by the operating means. Since the rotation shaft is released and the cutter bit is rotated to replace the cutter bit, it is not necessary for the operator to directly work near the cutter disk. Further, the driving force for rotating the Katta spoke is directly given to the rotary shaft of the Katta spoke from the output shaft of the rotary actuator provided for each of the plurality of Katta spokes, so that the bevel gear for transmitting from the drive source to the Katta spoke. The number of parts such as
The structure is simple.

Further, according to the present invention, the cutter bit can be replaced by remotely rotating the Katta spoke including the auxiliary spokes provided only on the outer circumference of the cutter disk and including the auxiliary bit. Since the surface area of the cutter disk is larger in the outer peripheral portion than in the inner peripheral portion, if the cutter bits are arranged at a constant density, the number of cutter bits arranged on the outer peripheral portion increases. Further, since the peripheral speed of the cutter disk is higher in the outer peripheral portion than in the inner peripheral portion, the wear amount of the cutter bit is also larger in the outer peripheral portion. By exchanging only the cutter bit on the outer peripheral portion by the spoke rotation method, the time for completely exchanging the cutter bit on the cutter disk can be the same for both the inner and outer peripheral portions. Auxiliary spokes equipped with cutter bits arranged only on the outer periphery are driven to rotate by a rotary actuator that can be operated remotely, so there is no restriction like when rotating the Kattus pork centrally from the center of the cutter disk. , Many auxiliary spokes can be rotatable.

[0014]

1 and 2 show a simplified construction of a shield machine having a cutter bit exchanging device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view taken along the section line I-I of FIG. 2, and FIG. 2 shows the cutter disk of FIG. 1 seen from the front. The cutter disk of FIG. 2 is substantially symmetrical with respect to the center line, so only the left half is shown.

A rotary joint 23 is provided between the shield body 21 of the shield machine and the cutter disk 22 in front of the shield body 21. A core ring 24 is formed at the center of the cutter disk 22, and near the intermediate ring,
It is pivotally connected to the shield body 21 by a pivot bearing 26 via a beam 25.

A rotary actuator 27 is provided in the core ring 24, and a rotary shaft 28 is connected to the output shaft of the rotary actuator 27. The rotating shaft 28 is constrained by a fixing device 29 and is fixed during rotation of the cutter disk 22. The tip of the rotary shaft 28 is connected to the Kattus pork 30. A cutter bit 31 for ground excavation is provided on the front side of the cutter spoke 30, and a spare cutter bit 32 is provided on the back side.

Auxiliary spokes 33 are arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the cutter disk 22 in the middle of each of the cutass spokes 30. A cutter bit 34 for ground excavation is also provided on the front surface side of the auxiliary spoke 33, and a replacement cutter bit 35 is provided on the back surface side. A rotary actuator 37 for rotational driving is provided in the face plate 36 on the inner peripheral side of the auxiliary spoke 33.
Is provided. In the middle of the rotary shaft 38 that connects the output shaft of the rotary actuator 37 and the auxiliary spoke 33,
A fixing device 39 similar to the fixing device 29 is provided.

A cutter chamber 41 is formed between the back surface of the cutter disk 22 and the bulkhead 40 on the front surface of the shield body 21. Sediment from the ground excavated by the cutter disk 22 is introduced into the cutter chamber 41, and is agitated by the agitator 44 and the muddy water injected into the cutter chamber 41 through the mud pipe 43.
It is discharged through the sludge pipe 42. Rotational drive of the cutter disk 22 is performed by a plurality of drive motors 45, and is transmitted to a swivel gear 47 that meshes with a drive gear 46 provided on the output shaft thereof. Rotary actuators 27, 37
The pressure oil for operating the fixing devices 29 and 39 disassembles the rotary joint 23 while the cutter disk 22 is stopped and is supplied from the shield body 21 side into the cutter disk 22 via the center shaft 48. A man lock 49 is further provided in the shield body 21.

A wear detecting bit 50 is provided at the tip of the cutas pork 30. Since the wear detection bit 50 is arranged on the outermost periphery of the cutter disk 22, wear is most noticeable. The amount of wear of the wear detection bit 50 is detected by
This is performed by detecting the thickness of the chip material with an ultrasonic sensor in the wear detector 51. When the thickness of the chip material becomes smaller than the reference thickness, it is determined that it is time to replace the chip material.

On the surface of the cutter disk 22, a fixed cutter bit 52 provided on the inner circumference side of the extension of the cutas pork 30, a copy cutter 53 provided on the outer circumference of the cutter disk 22 so as to be retractable, and further the cutter disk 22. A gauge cutter 54 and the like arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the are provided. Since the fixed cutter bit 52 is provided on the inner peripheral portion of the cutter disk 22, the wear amount thereof is smaller than that of the cutter disks 31, 34 on the outer peripheral portion. The copy cutter 53 is used to perform an overcut on the outer peripheral portion of the shield body 21 when the shield machine changes its direction instead of going straight.

FIG. 3 shows the rotary actuator 27 shown in FIG. 3A shows a front view and FIG. 3B shows a right side view. Rotary actuator 3 of FIG.
7 also has a similar configuration. A combination of a rack and a pinion is stored in the casing 55. Pistons in cylinders 56 and 57 are connected to both ends of the rack. The linear driving force from the cylinders 56 and 57 is taken out as swinging torque to the output shaft 58 via the pinion that meshes with the rack. Lubricating oil is supplied from the oiler 59 to the meshing portion between the rack and the pinion. When pressure oil is supplied to one of the cylinders 56 and 57 of the rotary actuator 27, a strong torque is generated in the output shaft 58 to directly rotate and displace the cutas pork 30 and replace the cutter bit 31 with the cutter bit 32. can do.

FIG. 4 shows the structure of the fixing device 29 of FIG. The fixing device 39 is also the same as this configuration. The rotary shaft 28 is provided with flat portions for fixing at the fixing device 29 on both sides. The flat portion of the rotary shaft 28 is attached to the stopper 6
It is clamped between the inner surfaces of the tip of 0, and the rotation is restricted and fixed.
Hydraulic jacks 6 are provided on both sides of the rotary shaft 28 for switching the stopper 60 between a restrained state and a state where the restraint is released.
1, 62 are provided. The stopper 60 is normally biased by the backup springs 63 and 64, so that the rotation shaft 28
Pressed to the side. When pressure oil is supplied to the hydraulic jacks 61 and 62 to extend it, the stopper 60 is displaced to the position shown by the imaginary line, and the state in which the rotary shaft 28 is restrained and fixed is released. This state can be confirmed from the outside by the displacement of the detection rod 65 fixed to the stopper 60.

FIG. 5 shows the control system of the embodiment of FIG. 1, and FIG. 6 shows its control operation. A control device 66 is installed in the cylinder body 21 or in the starting shaft where the shield machine has departed. When excavation of the shield machine is started in step a1, the wear detector 51 is started in step a2.
A signal representing the amount of wear of the wear detection bit 50 is input from. At step a3, it is determined whether the wear amount exceeds the reference value and needs to be replaced. When the replacement is not necessary, the process returns to step a2 to continue the shield excavation while detecting the wear amount. When it is determined that the cutter bit needs to be replaced in step a3, an alarm indicating that the cutter bit needs to be replaced is displayed using the display device 67 or the like in step a4.

When an alarm is displayed on the display device 67 or the like,
The worker stops the rotation drive of the cutter disk 22, and
Disassemble the rotary joint 23 of the center shaft 4
Connect the piping system so that pressure oil can be supplied from 8. When the preparation is completed, the exchange switch 68 for instructing the exchange of the cutter bit is operated in step a5, and the control device 66 is operated.
Tells the cutter bits to be replaced. When this replacement instruction is given, the process proceeds to step a6, and the fixing devices 29, 3
The restraint of the rotating shafts 28, 38 by 9 is released, and the fixation of the Kattus spoke 30 and the auxiliary spoke 33 is released. Next, in step a7, the rotary actuators 27 and 37 are operated to replace the front surface cutter bits 31 and 34 with the rear surface side cutter bits 34 and 35. Next, in step a8, the fixing devices 29 and 39 are actuated again in the direction in which the rotary shafts 28 and 38 are restrained, and the Kattus spoke 30 and the auxiliary spoke 33 are fixed. At step a9, the rotary joint 23 is reassembled, the cutter bit exchange of the spoke exchange type is completed, and the shield excavation is ready again.

Needless to say, a simpler embodiment may be adopted without being restricted by the control systems shown in FIGS.

In the above embodiment, two sets of cutter bits 31, 32; 34, 35 are provided on the front side and the back side of the Kattus spoke 30 and the auxiliary spoke 33, and the rotary shafts 28, 38 are rotated 180 °. Although the cutter bits are exchanged by the angular displacement of 3 above, the cutter bits may be exchanged by the angular displacement of 120 ° by using three sets of cutter bits. Further, although the rotary actuators 27, 37 and the fixing devices 29, 39 are hydraulically actuated, they may be electrically actuated. Rotary type 2
It is also possible to continue the excavation by rotating the cutter disk 22 in a state where the control lead wire is electrically connected via 3. Also in the case of control by hydraulic pressure, a hydraulic pressure generation source or the like may be provided in the center shaft 48 or the core ring 24, and the control can be performed from the shield body 21 side. With such a configuration, the cutter bit can be automatically replaced without requiring the intervention of a worker.

[0027]

As described above, according to the present invention, when the cutter bit is replaced, the rotary drive actuator in which the rotary output shaft is directly connected to the plurality of Katta spokes by releasing the restraint of the rotary shaft by the fixing device. It can be rotated and operated remotely. For this reason, it is not necessary to directly work in a bad environment near the cutter disk, and it is not necessary to change the direction of the force from the output shaft of the actuator to drive the Kattus spoke to rotate, so the number of parts is reduced and the structure is reduced. It will be easy. While the cutter disk is rotating, the fixing device can restrain the rotation of the cutas pork by the spring bias.

Further, according to the present invention, many cutter bits provided on the outer peripheral portion of the cutter disk can be replaced by rotating the auxiliary spokes. Since the peripheral speed of the outer peripheral portion of the cutter disk is higher than that of the inner peripheral portion, the amount of wear of the cutter bit is large. Since the cutter bit can be replaced, the cutter bit mounted on the cutter disk must be replaced during excavation by matching the wear time of the cutter bit on the inner and outer circumferences as much as possible. It is possible to extend the work and make the work more efficient.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a schematic configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a left side view of the embodiment of FIG. 1. FIG.

3A and 3B are a front view and a right side view of a rotary actuator 27 of the embodiment of FIG.

4 is a cross-sectional view of the fixing device 29 of the embodiment of FIG.

5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a control system of the embodiment of FIG.

6 is a flowchart showing the operation of the control system of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a simplified sectional view showing a prior art cutter bit exchanging device.

[Explanation of symbols]

21 Shield body 22 cutter disk 23 Rotary joint 27,37 Rotary Actuator 28,38 rotating shaft 29,39 Fixing device 30 cutter spokes 31, 32, 34, 35 cutter bits 33 Auxiliary spoke 50 wear detection bit 60 stopper 61,62 hydraulic jack 66 controller

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E21D 9/08 E21D 9/06 301

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A plurality of cutlass pokes are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the surface of the cutter disk, and each cutas pork is provided with a plurality of cutter bits on a plurality of surfaces arranged around an axis extending in the radial direction of the cutter disk. Each of which is equipped with a cutter bit exchanging device of a shield machine for exchanging a cutter bit used for excavating the ground by rotating each of the cutas pork around the axis, and a portion where the cutter spoke can rotate about the axis. Is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the cutter disc, and is the cutass pork, and the inner peripheral portion of the cutter disc is
A fixed cutter bit is provided, and it is individually arranged on the inner circumference of the cutter disc, radially inward of each Kattaspoke, and the rotary output shaft is directly connected to the rotary shaft of the Kattaspoke, which allows remote operation. An actuator that can be driven to rotate, and an inner peripheral part of the cutter disk, are provided for each Kattaspoke, and the rotation axis of the Kattaspoke can be constrained and fixed by spring bias. A fixing device capable of releasing the restraint, and each actuator and each fixing device, including an operating means for releasing the restraint of the rotary shaft by the fixing device and operating the actuator remotely so as to rotate the Kattus pork by the actuator. Cutter bit exchanging device for shield machine. 2. The cutter bit exchanging device for a shield machine according to claim 1, wherein the cutas pork includes auxiliary spokes equipped only with the cutter bits arranged only on the outer peripheral portion of the cutter disk.