JPH09268884A - Shield excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the cost required for the replacing work of a bit, and to secure the safety in the replacing work. SOLUTION: A shield excavator comprises a bit drum 12 arranged on the lines extended in the radial direction of an excavator body, a plurality of bit driving actuators which are arranged on the bit drum 12 in a row along the lines, and a plurality of pairs of bits 19a, 19b which are rotatably supported by the bit drive actuators around the axis parallel to the lines so that when one of the actuators is partly projected from an outer circumference of the bit drum 12, the other is located within the bit drum 12.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shield excavator used for a shield construction method for excavating a sewer tunnel, a railway tunnel, etc., which is suitable for exchanging a bit for excavating a natural ground. It is about.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As is well known, the shield method is a segment which is a cylindrical divided body within a skin plate while excavating the ground with a cutter device provided at the front part of a shield excavator having an outer cylindrical skin plate. This is a method of constructing a tunnel in the ground by assembling the above and further extending the propulsion jack inside the shield excavator by taking a reaction force at the front end of this segment.

The cutter device of the shield excavator comprises a face plate extending radially from its center, a plurality of bits attached to the face plate, and a drive mechanism for rotating the face plate. With such a shield excavator,
A tunnel is excavated by rotating a face plate with a drive mechanism and excavating the ground with a bit.

By the way, when the tunnel to be excavated is long due to the enlargement of the tunnel in recent years, or when the ground to be excavated is a hard layer or gravel layer, a shield excavator is used to excavate the ground. The bit provided on the cutter device may be worn or damaged, and the bit may have to be replaced during excavation work. In addition, if exchanging with a bit suitable for the soil quality of the ground to be excavated during excavation work is more effective, it may be exchanged.

Conventionally, when exchanging the bits of such a shield excavator, a separate intermediate shaft is constructed and the exchanging work is carried out in this shaft, and auxiliary construction methods such as chemical injection and compressed air are carried out. A worker was working in front of the face plate of the shield excavator for replacement work.

[0006]

However, in such a conventional shield excavator, the bit exchanging work becomes large due to the construction of the intermediate shaft and the work cost increases, and in addition to the face plate front of the shield excavator. There was a problem that the bit replacement work was extremely dangerous.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and a shield excavator capable of facilitating the work of exchanging a bit and reducing the work cost and safely carrying out the exchanging work is provided. The purpose is to provide.

[0008]

A shield excavator according to a first aspect of the present invention excavates a natural ground by rotating a face plate provided at a front end of an excavator body and a drive mechanism to rotate the face plate together with the face plate. A bit drum arranged on a line radially extending from the rotation center line of the face plate in the face plate or along the face plate, and a row of the cutter devices on the bit drum along the line. A plurality of bit driving actuators provided, and the bit driving centering on an axis parallel to the line so that when one is partially projected to the outer periphery of the bit drum, the other is positioned inside the bit drum. And a plurality of pairs of bits rotatably supported by an actuator, the axis being parallel to the line by the bit driving actuator. By rotating the bit about the center, the positions of the used bit of each pair and the unused bit of each pair are exchanged so that the used bit of each pair can be easily exchanged. There is.

Further, in the shield excavator according to a second aspect of the present invention, the cutter device is a bit drum arranged on a line radially extending from a rotation center line of the face plate in the face plate or along the face plate, A plurality of bit driving actuators arranged along the line on the bit drum, and with respect to the line so that the other is located inside the bit drum when one part of the bit driving actuator is projected on the outer periphery of the bit drum. And a plurality of pairs of bits that are rotatably supported by the bit driving actuator about an axis line intersecting with each other, and the bit driving actuator supports the bit about an axis line intersecting the line. By rotating the, the positions of the used bit and unused bit of each pair are exchanged, and the used bit of each pair is used. So that it enables easy replacement of the bit.

[0010]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a shield excavator 1 according to the present invention. The shield excavator 1 includes an excavator main body 2 having an outer cylindrical shape, a disc-shaped face plate 3 provided at a front end of the excavator main body 2, and a cutter that rotates together with the face plate 3 by a drive mechanism 4 to excavate the natural ground. The device 5 is provided.

Inside the skin plate 6 forming the outer shell of the excavator main body 2, a drive mechanism 4 is provided, and a sending / discharging pipe 7 is provided for discharging the excavated soil together with muddy water to the rear of the shield excavator 1. A propulsion jack (not shown) for moving the shield excavator 1 forward, an erector mechanism (not shown) for assembling a segment (not shown) forming a tunnel, and the like are provided.

A support member 8 for supporting the face plate 3 is provided on the rear side of the face plate 3. A transmission member 9 having a bearing (not shown) is provided at the rear end of the support member 8, and a drive motor 10 is connected to the transmission member 9. The drive mechanism 4 including the support member 8, the transmission member 9, and the drive motor 10 is configured to rotate the face plate 3 and the cutter device 5 by driving the drive motor 10.

The cutter device 5 is located on the center axis of rotation of the face plate 3 and is provided with the center shaft so as to rotate integrally with the face plate 3, and from the center shaft 11 into the face plate 3 or the face plate 3. And two bit drums 12 as cutter spokes arranged on a line extending radially along the line.

The disk-shaped face plate 3 has an opening 1
3, the bit drums 12 face the openings 13 as shown in FIG. 2, and the tips of the bit drums 12 project from the center of the arc-shaped inner edge of the openings 13. It is supported by the support member 14.

In this embodiment, the bit drum 12 has a cylindrical shape as a whole, and a plurality of bit drive actuators 15 are arranged in a line along the line on the inner peripheral surface of the bit drum 12.

FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show an enlarged mounting structure of such a bit driving actuator 15 to the bit drum 12. As is clear from these drawings, each bit drive actuator 15 is, for example, a high torque hydraulic rotating device using a helical gear,
It is rotatable within an angle range of 0 to 180 °, and has a stator 16 and a rotor 17 having end portions protruding at both ends of the stator 16, and a mounting bracket 18 provided on the stator 16 is provided. It is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the bit drum 12 by welding, fasteners or the like.

Two pieces 19a, 19b, 20a and 20b are fixed to each end surface of the rotor 17 of each bit driving actuator 15 so as to be symmetrically arranged two by two, and a part of them is out of the bit drum 12 and the face plate 3. The first bit and the second bit that can be projected, and the first bit 19a, 19b and the second bit 20a, 20
The bit drum 12 facing b is provided with one long hole 21 for enabling the above-mentioned protrusion.

Therefore, by rotating the rotor 17 with respect to the stator 16, the first bits 19a and 19b or the second bits 20a and 20b are inserted into the elongated holes 21 through the elongated holes 21. It is possible to selectively project the outside of the. The bit drum 12, the bit driving actuator 15, the first bits 19a and 19b, and the second bits 20a and 20b constitute the cutter device 5, and the cutter device 5 is provided in the bit driving actuator 15. It is provided for the number of installations.

Next, the operation of the shield excavator 1 configured as described above will be described. When excavating a tunnel (not shown) with the shield excavator 1, the bit drum 12 of the cutter device 5 is moved in the direction of arrow P in which the first bit 19b on the excavation side, which is ahead of the cutter device 5 in the rotational direction, is the rotational direction. The bit 19a on the rear side of the bit is projected slightly forward in the excavating direction. That is, the plurality of bits 19b located along one line are located ahead of the bit 19a located along another line in the excavating direction.

Then, the drive motor 10 of the drive mechanism 4 shown in FIG. 1 is driven, the cutter device is rotated together with the face plate 3, and the ground is excavated by the first bit 19b. The excavated excavated soil is discharged backward together with the muddy water by the sending and discharging mud pipe 7. Then, after the segment (not shown) is assembled by an erector mechanism (not shown), a reaction force is applied to the assembled segment by a propulsion jack (not shown) to advance the shield excavator 1.

In this manner, while the tunnel is being excavated by the shield excavator 1, the first of the cutter devices 22 is cut off.
When the bit 19b of No. 2 is worn or damaged, the corresponding bit drive actuator 15 is rotationally driven to invert the rotor 17 by an angle of 180 °, and the second bit located inside each bit drum 12 is rotated. Bits 20a, 2 of
0b is put out in front of the face plate 3 of the shield excavator 1.

Also at this time, the second bit 20a on the excavating side, which is the front in the rotational direction of the cutter device 5, slightly projects forward of the second bit 20b, which is rearward in the rotational direction, in the excavating direction.

When all the bits 19a, 19b, 20a, 20b on each bit driving actuator 15 are considered to be worn, or when they need to be replaced with those suitable for the soil quality of the ground to be excavated. It is also possible to add a plurality of bits in advance.

Further, during the excavation work, when the face plate 3 and the cutter device 5 are rotated in the opposite directions for controlling the attitude of the shield excavator 1, etc., the respective bit drive actuators 15 are rotationally driven to make the first movement. Bit 19a is first
After slightly projecting forward from the bit 19b in the excavating direction, the drive motor 10 of the drive mechanism 4 is driven to rotate the face plate 3. As a result, it is possible to prevent the back side of the first bit 19b from coming into contact with the ground and being worn or damaged.

In the above-described embodiment, two first bits 19a and 19b and two second bits are provided on each end face of the rotor 17 of each one bit driving actuator 15.
Although the bits 20a and 20b are shown, they may be provided only on one end surface of the rotor 17.

The first part of the bit drum 12 is
Bits 19a, 19b and second bits 20a, 2 of
By providing a lock mechanism for fixing 0b to an arbitrary rotation position, the bits 19a, 19b,
20a and 20b may be lockable, and when they are rotated, the lock may be released. By doing so, the load on the drive mechanism 4 can be reduced.

Although the bit drum 12 has a cylindrical shape, it is not limited to this and may have a polygonal cylinder shape such as a triangular cylinder shape or a square cylinder shape or more. Also, the bit drum 1
2, an opening or the like for bit exchange is provided at a predetermined portion opposite to the mounting side of each bit drive actuator 15. This bit exchange can also be performed by rotating the bit drum 12 itself around its central axis. Also, the bit drum 12
Although two are arranged on the face plate 3, the number of the bit drums 12 and the openings 13 can be set arbitrarily according to the diameter of the tunnel to be excavated.

Further, in the above embodiment, the first bits 19a, 1 are provided for each bit driving actuator 15.
9b and the second bit 20a, 20b, a total of four bits are shown, but four or more first and second bits are driven by one or more bit driving actuators. You may make it parallel with a shaft.

In this case, it is necessary to prepare an actuator that can obtain a driving torque according to the number of bits. The respective bits may be surrounded by a chamber (not shown) integrated with the bit drum 12.

6 and 7 are a plan sectional view and a side sectional view showing another cutter device 5A of the present invention. In this embodiment, the first bits 19a, 19b and the second bit
The bits 20a and 20b are integrated as one block.

Reference numeral 31 denotes a plurality of ring members rotatably fitted into the outer periphery of the bit drum 12, and the outer periphery of each of these ring members 31 has the first bit 1
9a, 19b and second bits 20a, 20b are symmetrically arranged as shown. The ring members 31 are restricted from moving in the vertical direction by ring-shaped guide protrusion members 32 provided on the outer periphery of the bit drum 12.

An opening 33 is formed in a portion of the bit drum 12 covered by the ring member 31, and an internal gear 31a is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the ring member 31 facing the opening 33. There is.

On the other hand, one or a plurality of bit driving actuators 15 are mounted in the bit drum 12, and the driving shaft 35 of the bit driving actuator 15 has the internal gear formed on the ring member 31. Three
A spur gear 36 that meshes with 1a and drives it to rotate is attached.

Therefore, the bit driving actuator 1
Driven by 5, the spur gear 36, the ring member 31 and the first
Bits 19a, 19b and second bits 20a, 20b of
Can be rotated, which facilitates the exchange of bits during excavation work.

8, 9 and 10 show another embodiment of the cutter device in the shield excavator of the present invention. In this embodiment, 24 is a cutter device,
The difference from this embodiment is that the rotor 1
One bit 25a, 26a attached to both ends of 7
When one part is projected to the outer periphery of the bit drum 12, the other bit 25b, 26b is positioned in the bit drum 12, and an axis line intersecting a line extending radially from the rotation center axis line of the face plate 3. The point is that each of the bits 25a, 25b, 26a, 26b can be rotationally driven by the bit drive actuator 15.

Therefore, the bits 25a and 25b and the bits 26a and 26b can be projected to the outside of the bit drum 12 and the face plate 3 through the elongated holes 27 formed in the bit drum 12, respectively. .

In this embodiment, similarly to the above, the bit drive actuator 15 is operated to cause the bit 26a or 26b to project from the bit drum 12 in the excavating direction (arrow P direction), and the drive motor 10 is driven. It is possible to rotate the cutter device 24 together with the face plate 3 by driving, and excavate the natural ground with the bit 26a or 26b.

In this case, when the bit 26a is worn or damaged, the bit driving actuator 15
Is driven to rotate the rotor 17 by 180 °, and the bit 26b located at the rear is moved from the bit drum 12 to the face plate 3
To project in front of.

When controlling the attitude of the shield excavator 1 during excavation, the cutter device 24 and the face plate 3 are rotated in the direction opposite to the direction of the arrow P, and at this time, the bit 25a,
Any of 25b is selectively projected to the front of the face plate 3.

In this embodiment, a force in the thrust direction acts on the bit drive actuator 15 from the bit 26a during excavation work, but since this force is not a force in the bit rotation direction, this bit 26a is used. In place of the above, there is no possibility that the bit 26b may be accidentally exchanged and protruded to the outside of the bit drum 12, and therefore, the bit locking mechanism used in the first embodiment may be omitted if necessary. Besides, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.

FIGS. 11 and 12 are a plan sectional view and a partial side sectional view showing another cutter device 24A corresponding to FIGS. In this example, the bit drum 12A has a rectangular tubular shape, and a plurality of bit drive actuators 15 are installed in the rectangular tubular bit drum 12A in the longitudinal direction thereof.

The bit drive actuator 15 rotates about an axis intersecting with a line extending radially from the rotation center line of the face plate 3, and both ends of the drive shaft 17A project outside the bit drum 12A. , A pair of bits 25a and 25b and a pair of bits 26a and 26b at both ends
Are fixed respectively.

In this example, by driving each bit driving actuator 15, any pair of bits 25a, 25b and 26a, 26b on the line can be exchanged, and by adopting a suitable seal structure, the bit driving actuator 15 can be replaced. Can be kept airtight in the pit drum 12A.

[0044]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the invention, the cutter device is provided with a bit drum arranged on a line extending radially from the rotation center line of the face plate in or along the face plate, and A plurality of bit driving actuators arranged in a line along the line on the bit drum, and parallel to the line so that when one is partially projected on the outer periphery of the bit drum, the other is positioned inside the bit drum Since it is composed of a plurality of pairs of bits which are rotatably supported by the bit drive actuator about a different axis, when the bit of the cutter device is worn or damaged during excavation work, the bit drum is driven by the bit drive actuator. To rotate the inside and outside of the bit drum to put out another bit that is not worn or damaged forward in the excavation direction, and continue the excavation work. Kill. Therefore, excavation work can be continued without performing bit replacement work until the bits arranged in multiple rows become worn or damaged, reducing the cost of bit replacement work and improving safety. can do. Also, when exchanging the bits, such as when all the bits are worn or when the bits are suitable for the soil quality of the ground to be excavated, do not go out in front of the face plate of the shield excavator and shield. The effect that the bit can be obtained inside the excavator is obtained.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the cutter device is provided on a bit drum arranged on a line radially extending from the center line of rotation of the face plate in the face plate or along the face plate, and the bit drum is provided with the bit drum. A plurality of bit driving actuators arranged in a line along a line, and an axis line intersecting with the line so that when one is partially projected on the outer periphery of the bit drum, the other is located inside the bit drum Since it is composed of a plurality of pairs of bits rotatably supported by the bit driving actuator, even if there is no lock means for fixing the bit used when excavating the natural ground, it can be inadvertently used. The bit can be prevented from being replaced with another unused bit, and the same effect as that according to claim 1 can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a shield excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a front view of the shield excavator shown in FIG. 1. FIG.

FIG. 3 is a side sectional view showing a part of the cutter device of the shield excavator according to the present invention in an enlarged manner.

4 is a plan sectional view of a part of the cutter device shown in FIG.

5 is a right side view of the cutter device shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a plan sectional view showing another cutter device according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a side sectional view showing the cutter device shown in FIG. 6 with a part thereof cut away.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. 9 showing a partially enlarged view of still another cutter device of the present invention.

9 is a plan sectional view of a part of the cutter device shown in FIG.

10 is a right side view of the cutter device shown in FIG.

FIG. 11 is a plan sectional view showing another cutter device according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a side sectional view showing the cutter device shown in FIG. 11 with a part thereof cut away.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 shield excavator 2 excavator main body 3 face plate 4 drive mechanism 5, 5A, 24, 24A cutter device 12 bit drum 15 bit drive actuator 19a, 19b, 20a, 20b, 25a, 25b, 2
6a, 26b bits

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Taiji Nishikawa 1-3-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Minoru 1-3-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kazuo Miyazawa 1-3-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A shield excavator provided with an excavator main body, a rotatable face plate provided at a front end portion of the excavator main body, and a cutter device that rotates with the face plate by a drive mechanism to excavate the natural ground. In the above, the cutter device includes a bit drum arranged on a line extending radially from the rotation center line of the face plate in the face plate or along the face plate, and a plurality of bit drums lined up along the line. A bit driving actuator and a bit driving actuator can be rotationally driven about an axis parallel to the line so that when one part is projected to the outer periphery of the bit drum, the other is located inside the bit drum. A shield excavator comprising a plurality of pairs of bits supported by. 2. A shield excavator equipped with an excavator main body, a rotatable face plate provided at a front end portion of the excavator main body, and a cutter device that rotates with the face plate by a drive mechanism to excavate the natural ground. In the above, the cutter device includes a bit drum arranged on a line extending radially from the rotation center line of the face plate in the face plate or along the face plate, and a plurality of bit drums lined up along the line. A bit drive actuator and a bit drive actuator that can be rotationally driven about an axis intersecting the line so that when one part is projected to the outer periphery of the bit drum, the other is located inside the bit drum. A shield excavator comprising a plurality of pairs of bits supported by.