JPS62133295A - Shield excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a large-diameter shield tunneling machine used for constructing a horizontal shaft such as a tunnel underground.

(Prior Art and its Problems) Conventionally, a cutter for a large-diameter shield tunneling machine has been composed of one gigantic rotary cutter 100, as shown in FIG. However, in this case, the weight of the cutter itself is large and the torque applied to the cutter is also large, so the bearing 101 that supports the cutter and the cutter itself become large and the manufacturing cost becomes excessive.

In addition, in the earth pressure type mud pressurization shield, the excavated soil is injected with mud material and mixed in the face chamber 102 in the shield machine to convert the excavated soil into mud, and the pressure from this mud stabilizes the face. The mixing mechanism that mixes the excavated soil and the mud material is important for turning the excavated soil into mud.

However, in the case of a large diameter, the moving speed of the cutter 100 is much slower at the inner circumference than at the outer circumference, so the kneading force 103 provided at the rear of the cutter spoke 104 alone will not be enough to mix the cutter 100. Therefore, the excavated earth and sand will not be plastically fluidized, which will hinder excavation. Therefore, it becomes necessary to equip a central kneading device or the like which is driven separately from the cutter 100, leading to an increase in manufacturing costs.

(Object of the Invention) The present invention has been proposed in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to combine a plurality of cutters to obtain one large circular excavation cross section, so that the individual cutters can be To provide a shield excavator which can have a structure comparable to that of a small or medium diameter one, suppresses high cost, does not cause a little bit wear, and has a high kneading ability.

(Means for Solving the Problems) That is, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a large-diameter shield tunneling machine with a plurality of types of rotatable units installed in the front part of the shield tunneling machine. The gist of this invention is to obtain one large-diameter, approximately circular excavation cross section using a cutter.

(Function) In the present invention, by combining a plurality of small to medium diameter cutters to form a large diameter shield cutter,
The torque applied to the apparent power cutter is distributed to individual cutters, so that each cutter may be structurally comparable to a conventional small or medium diameter shield cutter.

In addition, since the excavation surfaces of the cutters overlap, there is less wear on the pitch, and since the individual cutter diameters are not large, the cutter spokes move faster at the outer and inner circumferences of the cutter. There is no big difference between the two, and since the rotation circles of the cutters with different rotation directions interfere with each other, the kneading ability is extremely high.

(Embodiments) Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a large-diameter cylindrical shield tube made of a steel plate or the like, which constitutes a shield tunneling machine A. A disk-shaped partition wall 2 is provided, thereby forming a face chamber 3.

Reference numeral 4 denotes a relatively medium-diameter center cutter that is provided to protrude in front of the partition wall 2 of the shield tube 1 and functions as a so-called cutter. An injection pipe 6a for soil material is formed on the center line of the direction, and is attached to a center shaft 6 which is attached to the center of the partition wall 2 through a bearing 7, and is attached to the front end of this center shaft 6 through a boss 8. A large number of bits 9 are provided in the front part, and a plurality of kneading bits 1Q1 extend rearward in the rear part.
It is composed of cutter spokes 11 that are approximately cross-shaped and provided with a cutter spoke 11 having a cross shape. A support member 12 is provided on the back side of the central part of the partition wall 2. A center cutter drive motor 13 is attached to the support member 12, and a pinion 14 connected to the motor shaft is connected to a center portion of the partition wall 2 that projects toward the rear of the partition wall 2. The center cutter 4 is configured to rotate by meshing with a gear 15 provided on one grain portion of the shaft 6 and driving a drive motor 13.

Reference numeral 16 denotes an intermediate cutter having a slightly smaller diameter than the center cutter 4, and is provided around the center cutter 4, that is, on the outer periphery of the center cutter 4 and the partition wall 2. An even number of intermediate cutters are provided spaced apart from each other.
6 is disposed substantially concentrically with respect to the axis of the center cutter 4, and is provided with a fishtail-shaped center bit 18 at the tip, similar to the center cutter 4, and has a center bit 18 for use in making mud on the axial center line. The injection pipe 19a is formed and the bearing 20
A center shaft 19 is attached to the partition wall 2 through a center shaft 19, spokes 22a and 22b are attached to the front end of the center shaft 19 via a boss 21 and extend in a substantially X shape, and an arcuate spoke 22c connects the outer circumference of the center shaft 19 in an arc shape. Consisting of an M-shaped cutter spoke 22, a large number of bits 23 provided at the front of the fan-shaped cutter spoke 22 at the mouth, and kneading mixers v124a and 24b provided at the rear and extending rearward with different degrees of quality. has been done. Note that the fan-shaped cutter spokes 22 are spokes 22a,
22+), it is also possible to use a fan-shaped face plate member instead of the 22C structure. Further, the mixing blade 24b extends to the vicinity of the partition wall 2, and the mixing blade 24b near the bearing 20 is
Although the length of the wire mixing blades 24a and 24b is short so as not to hit the front end of the bearing 20, as long as the front end of the bearing 20 does not protrude forward of the bulkhead 2 more than necessary, the wire mixing blades 24a and 24b may have the same length. Of course.

Also, a part of the intermediate cutter 16 is cut by the center cutter 4.
They are provided at positions that project slightly further forward, are spaced apart from each other at appropriate intervals around the center cutter 4, and are provided so that the trajectories of their outer peripheries overlap. In the case of a cutter, the intermediate cutters 16 are arranged with an appropriate phase difference so as not to collide with each other, and are rotated at approximately the same speed, and adjacent ones are rotated in opposite directions. In other words, every other intermediate cutter 1[i rotates in the same direction.

Next, the rotation mechanism of the intermediate cutter 16 will be explained. A support member 25 is provided on the back side of the partition wall 2 around the center cutter rotation mechanism, and the support member 25 is provided with an intermediate cutter drive motor 2G. Further, within the support member 25, there are two approximately ring-shaped first rings. Second gear 2
7.28 are provided in front of and behind the motor shaft, and the first .7 and 28 are provided in front of and behind the motor shaft. The second binion 29.30 is the first. meshed with the second gears 27 and 28, respectively, and the first gear. The second gears 27, 28 are configured to rotate in opposite directions as they age. A gear 31.32 that meshes with the first or second gear 27.28 is provided at a suitable position on one center shaft of each alternate intermediate cutter 16, thereby allowing the adjacent intermediate cutters 16 to move in opposite directions. is rotated to

At this time, the first cutter is set so that the rotational speeds of adjacent cutters are the same. 2nd Binion 29.30 and 1st ° 2nd
It is necessary to adjust the ratio of gears 27 and 28.

Further, 17 is a large-diameter ring-shaped outer circumference cutter provided inside the shield cylinder 1 and on the outer circumference of the partition wall 2, and this outer circumference cutter 17 is located behind the fan-shaped cutter spokes 22 of the intermediate cutter 16. and many bits 3 in front
3, which is connected to the cutter spoke 34 by a support beam 35 and is rotatably provided on the outer periphery of the partition wall 2 within the shield cylinder 1. A drive motor 39 for an outer circumferential cutter is connected to a rotating partition wall 36 and a motor shaft thereof is connected via a pinion 37 that meshes with a gear portion 36a provided at the rear of the rotating partition wall 36, and is attached to a support member 38.
It is made up of.

Furthermore, 40 is a screw conveyor provided inside the mine, the front end 40a of which is connected to the lower part of the partition wall 2, and the mud in the face chamber 3 is removed by driving a screw drive motor 41 provided at the end of the screw conveyor. is taken into the interior and discharged. In addition, in the figure, the screw conveyor 40
Although there is one unit, it is not necessarily limited to one unit, and it is also possible to install multiple units.

Reference numeral 42 denotes an oil jack, the front end of which is brought into contact with a support portion 1a erected on the inner wall surface of the shield cylinder 1, and the end 11 is brought into contact with a reaction force receiver (not shown).

Therefore, in order to keep the pressure of the mud filled in the face chamber 3 constant, the oil jack 42 is driven while taking into account the amount of mud discharged by the screw conveyor 40, and moves the shield cylinder 1 forward. In case C, the pressure of the mud in the face chamber 3 is detected by a pressure gauge (not shown) provided at an appropriate location on the partition wall 2 facing the face chamber 3.

In addition, 43 is a seal provided around the rotating bulkhead 36, and 44 and 45 are the first and second seals, respectively. This is a bearing that supports the second floats 27 and 28.

Next, the operation of the present invention will be explained.

In a shield excavator with a circular excavation cross section, an even number of intermediate cutters 16 having a diameter shorter than the radius of the cross section.
are arranged so that the excavation circle of each cutter touches the inside of the excavation cross-sectional circle of the shield excavation IA, and
The centers of each adjacent intermediate cutter 16 are connected to form a regular polygon, and the length of one side of the polygon is longer than the radius of the intermediate cutter 16 and shorter than its diameter. There is. Roughly speaking, a center cutter 4 is also disposed at the center of the excavation cross-section leading to the shield a, and is positioned behind the center cutter 4 so as not to come into contact with the intermediate cutter 1G.

Further, cutter spokes 34, which are attached to the outer periphery of the shield tunneling machine to a ring-shaped rotating bulkhead 36 and rotate along the outer periphery, are attached to the intermediate cutter 16 arranged in the regular polygonal shape. These three types of center cutter 4, intermediate cutter 1
6. Each drive motor 13, 26.3 drives the outer circumferential cutter 17, etc.
By driving at 9, one large circular section can be excavated.

In this way, a large circular cross section is excavated by combining multiple small, medium, and large diameter cutters, so each cutter is structurally equivalent to a regular small or medium diameter shield cutter. It's fine to use one. Also, since the excavation surfaces of each cutter overlap,
There is no big difference in the moving speed of the cutter spokes at the outer and inner circumferences of the cutter, and the rotation circles of the cutters that rotate in different directions interfere with each other, so the kneading ability is extremely high.

The excavated soil at the face excavated by each cutter is taken into the face chamber 3, but the excavated soil at the mouth has approximately the same unit volume weight as the ground at the face, has plastic fluidity, and is impervious to water. Each center shaft 6.19 in order to turn into muddy mud.
Mud material is injected from the outside through a swivel joint 46.47 provided at the sharp end of the center shaft 6.19. It is injected externally. Incidentally, it goes without saying that the injection pipes 6a and 19a of this type may be provided at appropriate locations on the partition wall 2, or may be provided at appropriate locations on the cutter spokes 22.

In this way, the excavated soil is injected with mud material as necessary, and mixed with the mixers 10.24a and 24b of each cutter spoke 11 and 22t, thereby converting this soil into mud as described above. . Place this mud in front of the bulkhead 8
The mud fills the face chamber 3 and the screw conveyor 40 of B, and is pressurized by the oil jack 42 to generate pressure in the mud, which allows earth to be removed and excavated while preventing the face from collapsing. .

FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, in which a bit 33 is attached to the outermost ring 48 and is supported by a support beam 49, which is a member corresponding to the rotating bulkhead of the first embodiment. 36 so that it can be rotated.

In this case, there may be a portion in the shield cross section that is not excavated, so the ground must be collapsible sand (2) or soft ground.

Other configurations and operations are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the present invention, and this embodiment is composed of a plurality of outer circumferential cutters 51 that revolve around the large diameter outer circumferential cutter in the first *embodiment and also rotate by an autorotation device 50. It is mainly characterized by the fact that

That is, this outer circumferential cutter 51 has a bit 52 at the tip.
A center shaft 54 is provided with a cutter spoke 53 having a circular shape of a small diameter and substantially touching the diameter of the locus shield cylinder on the outer periphery, and a center shaft 54 rotatably supporting the center shaft 54 and attached to a support member 55 A substantially ring-shaped gear 58 that meshes with a pinion 57 of the drive motor 5G and a large diameter substantially ring-shaped gear provided inside the shield tube 1 that meshes with a pinion 59 provided at the rear end of the center shaft 54. It is constituted by a fixed gear 60. Note that the front end of the gear 58 serves as a rotating partition wall 58a.

Therefore, the outer cutter 51 is driven by the drive motor 56.
When rotated to the outer periphery of the shield, the pinion 59 fixed to the center shaft 54 of the outer cutter 51 moves inside the fixed gear 60 with its teeth meshing, so the outer cutter 51 rotates around the center shaft 54. In other words, the outer circumferential cutter 51 revolves while rotating.

In this case, the outer circumferential cutter 51 can rotate and revolve independently by using separate motors. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently erode the face and mix and mix the excavated soil and the mud material.

In this embodiment, the cutting circle of the intermediate cutter 16 does not come into contact with the outer edge of the shield cylinder 1, but extends inward. Other configurations and operations are substantially the same as those of the previous embodiment.

In addition, in the first to second embodiments, the intermediate cutter 16
The means for rotating adjacent ones at the same speed in opposite directions is not limited to the means shown in the embodiments, but may be performed by controlling the drive motor by an electrical method or the like. Further, in each embodiment, the excavation circles of the intermediate cutters 16 do not necessarily overlap if the ground is soft, and in that case, the intermediate cutters 16 may be driven independently. .

FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the cutters include a center cutter 61 with a medium diameter, and a peripheral cutter 62 that can rotate on its own and revolves, which also serves as the intermediate cutter and outer cutter of the previous embodiment. It is made up of.

That is, in this case, the cutter spoke 63 of the center cutter 61 is composed of a circular spoke 63a and a support spoke 63b that supports the circular spoke 63a. The other rotating mechanisms are basically the same as those of the first embodiment.

Further, each peripheral cutter 62 includes a cutter spoke 64 having a relatively small diameter and a circular shape, and a center shaft 6 which is provided with the cutter spoke 64 at its tip and further provided with a center bit 65 at its tip.
6 and this center shaft 66 with teeth l! It is equipped with an autorotation drive motor 67 that is driven via a mechanism.

And the center shaft 66 of the mouth peripheral cutter 62
and the center cutter 61 has its own bearing 69.
, 69', and supports the drive motor 67, and includes a rotation mechanism such as a gear 71 provided at the rear end of the center shaft 66 and a pinion 12 that meshes with the gear 71. The accommodated support member 73 is provided at the rear portion of the outer circumferential side of the rotating partition wall 10 side.

Further, a support member to which a rotary bulkhead drive motor 74 is attached is provided behind them. A pinion 16 is provided on the motor shaft of the rotary bulkhead drive motor 74, and the pinion 76 meshes with a large gear 77 having a substantially ring shape. The tip of the support beam 77a of the large gear 71 is connected to the support member 73. Moreover, the support beam 7L1 is
A rotary casing 7 whose tip end is connected to the outer peripheral side of the bearing 69 and which surrounds the support member 7;
It is connected to 8.

Note that the rear portion of the rotating casing 78 is supported by a support member 75 via a bearing 79.

Thus, when the drive motor 74 is driven, its rotation is transmitted to the pinion 76, the large gear 77, and the rotating casing 78. Therefore, the rotary partition 70 rotatably provided on the inner surface of the flange-shaped fixed partition 11) provided on the outer periphery of the front part of the shield rs1 via the seal/bearing 80 rotates, thereby causing the circumference of the central cutter 61 to rotate. The peripheral cutters 62 rotate, that is, revolve around each other, and the individual peripheral cutters 62 as a whole function as a large-diameter cutter. Further, in this case, if the drive motor 67 is driven, its rotation is transmitted to the pinion 72, the gear 71, and the center shaft 66, and the peripheral cutter 62 can be rotated.

At this time, each peripheral cutter 62 is driven independently by its own dedicated drive motor 67.

The center cutter 61 protrudes slightly forward, and the outer periphery of its cutter spoke 63 and the outer periphery of the cutter spoke 64 of the peripheral cutter 62 located slightly inside overlap from the front. The outer periphery of the locus overlaps the shield cylinder 1.

In the illustrated state, the peripheral cutters 62 are provided at four locations above, below, left and right of the center cutter 61, and by driving these center and peripheral cutters 61 and 62, one large circular excavation cross section is formed as a whole. Obtainable.

When turning excavated soil into mud, the center shaft 6 is
8 injection pipe (388). This mud material is injected to the outside from the tip of the center shaft 68, for example, and is also injected into each periphery via a swivel joint 83 provided approximately at the center of the center shaft 68. cutter 62
The mud material is also supplied into the center shaft 66 through the mud material injection pipe 84 and the swivel joint 85.
It is squirted to the outside from the appropriate place.

Then, each cutter spoke (5
3 and 64, each set to an appropriate length, converts it into mud by mixing it into mud, which allows it to move forward while holding down the face. . Further, the mud in the face 3 is discharged to the outside via an appropriate number of screw conveyors 40 whose front ends are connected to the lower part of the fixed partition wall 1b.

In addition, in each of the above examples, if the ground contains a large amount of silt, clay, etc., for example, bentonite solution,
Of course, there is no need to inject soil materials such as CMC. The soil material for cultivation may be any material that can convert the properties of the excavated soil into one that can suitably hold down the face, and it goes without saying that other materials may also be used.

Furthermore, if the ground is soft, the central cutter 4 can be omitted by moving the intermediate cutter 16 closer to the center in the first to third embodiments.

Further, in the first to third embodiments, the center cutter 4 may be located at the rear of the intermediate cutter 16, or vice versa, as in the fourth embodiment, the center cutter 4 may be located at the front. . On the other hand, in the fourth embodiment, the front-and-back relationship of the cutters may be the same as in the first to third embodiments.

Further, in the above embodiment, the present invention is applied to a so-called mud pressurization shield, but it is also possible to apply the present invention to other mechanical shields such as a mud pressurization shield.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, in a large-diameter shield tunneling machine, one large-diameter, approximately circular Since we created a large-diameter shield cutter by combining multiple small- and medium-diameter cutters to obtain the excavation cross section, the torque applied to each cutter is reduced, so each cutter can be used instead of a normal small- or medium-diameter cutter. It only needs to be structurally similar to the shield cutter, which has the advantage of reducing manufacturing costs.

Furthermore, since the excavation surfaces of the central cutter and the cutters provided around it overlap, wear on the pit is also reduced.

Furthermore, since the individual cutter diameters are not large, there is no big difference in the moving speed of the cutter spokes on the outer periphery of the cutter, and the rotation circles of cutters with different rotation directions interfere with each other, so it is difficult to mix the kneading process. It has the advantage of being very capable.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 shows the first embodiment of the present invention, (A) is a front view, (B) is a side view, Figure 2 is a partial side sectional view of the second embodiment of the invention, and Figure 3 (A). , (b) are the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Figures (A) and (B) show the fourth embodiment, and Figure 5 shows the conventional example. 1... Shield cylinder, 2... Partition wall, 4.61...
... Center cutter, 16 ... Intermediate cutter, 17.
51...Peripheral cutter, 62...Peripheral cutter 1q42 Fig. 2

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) A large-diameter shield excavator is characterized in that a single large-diameter, substantially circular excavation cross section is obtained by a plurality of cutters of a plurality of types that are installed in the front part of the shield excavator and are rotatable. A shield tunneling machine. (2) The shield excavator according to claim 1, wherein the cutters are arranged so that the outer peripheries of the trajectories of the cutters of a plurality of types and units overlap each other. (3) The claim that the cutter is composed of a central cutter provided in the center, intermediate cutters provided around the center cutter, and an outer cutter provided on the outer periphery of the shield excavator. The shield excavator described in paragraph 1. (4) The shield excavator according to claim 3, wherein the outer circumferential cutter has a substantially ring shape, and a center cutter and an intermediate cutter are provided inside the cutter and rotates around these cutters. (5) The outer cutter has a circular rotatable cutter spoke, and consists of a plurality of cutters arranged around the outer circumference of an intermediate cutter provided on the outer circumference of the center cutter, and revolves around them. A shield excavator according to claim 3 that rotates on its own axis. (6) The shield excavator according to claim 1, wherein the cutter includes a central cutter provided in the center and peripheral cutters that are rotatable around the center cutter.