JPH061036B2 - Shield machine - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a large-diameter shield machine used when constructing a tunnel such as a tunnel in the ground.

(Prior Art and its Problems) Conventionally, a cutter of a shield excavator having a large diameter has been constituted by one huge rotary cutter 100 as shown in FIG. However, in this case, since the weight of the cutter itself is large and the torque applied to the cutter is also large, the bearing 101 that supports the cutter and the cutter themselves are huge, and the manufacturing cost is excessive.

Also, in the mud pressure shield of earth pressure system, excavated mud is converted into mud by injecting mud mud material into the excavated sand and kneading in the cutting chamber 102 inside the shield machine, and the cutting face is stabilized by the pressure of this mud. The excavation is carried out while the excavation is carried out, and the kneading mechanism for kneading the excavated soil and the mud soil material is important for making the excavated soil mud.

However, in the case of a large diameter, the moving speed of the cutter 100 is much slower in the inner peripheral portion than in the outer peripheral portion, so that the mixing blades 103 provided behind the cutter spokes 104 alone do not provide sufficient mixing. Therefore, the excavated soil is not plasticized,
This will hinder the excavation. So, the cutter 100
In addition to this, it is necessary to equip with a central mixing blade and the like, which is driven differently, which causes an increase in manufacturing cost.

(Object of the invention) The present invention has been proposed in view of the above-mentioned points, and an object thereof is to combine a plurality of cutters to obtain one large circular excavation cross section, and thus to separate individual cutters from each other. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shield machine having a structure similar to that of a small or medium caliber, which can reduce the cost, has little bit wear, and has a high kneading ability.

(Means for Solving the Problems) That is, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a large-diameter shield machine with a central cutter in the front center part of the shield machine and around the central cutter. A plurality of intermediate cutters that are controlled in synchronization with each other and whose rotating circles overlap are provided, and an outer peripheral cutter is provided on the outer peripheral portion of this intermediate cutter, and the outer edges of the loci of these center cutter, intermediate cutter, and outer peripheral cutter all overlap so that each cutter overlaps. The above object is achieved.

Further, in a large-diameter shield machine, a center cutter is provided in the front center part of the shield machine, which can be revolved around the center cutter, and the locus of the outer edge and the locus of the outer edge overlap. A plurality of peripheral cutters are provided to achieve the above object.

(Operation) In the present invention, by combining a plurality of small to medium diameter cutters into a large diameter shielded cutter,
The torque applied to each cutter is distributed to each cutter so that each cutter is structurally similar to a normal small or medium diameter shield cutter.

In addition, since the excavated surfaces of the cutters overlap, the wear of the bit is small, and since the individual cutter diameters are not large, the movement speed of the cutter spokes on the outer and inner circumferences of the cutter is large. There is no difference,
Since the rotating circles of cutters with different rotating directions interfere with each other, the kneading ability is very high.

(Examples) Hereinafter, preferred examples of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 is a shield cylinder made of a steel plate or the like having a large-diameter cylindrical shape which constitutes a shield machine A, and a circle is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the front portion. A plate-shaped partition wall 2 is provided to form a face chamber 3.

Reference numeral 4 is a central cutter having a relatively medium diameter, which is provided so as to project in front of the partition wall 2 of the shield tube 1 and functions as a so-called cutter. This central cutter 4 has a fishtail-shaped center bit 5 at its tip and has a shaft. An injection pipe 6a for mud-making earth material is formed on the center line in the direction, and a center shaft 6 penetratingly provided in the center of the partition wall 2 via a bearing 7 is attached to the front end of the center shaft 6 via a boss 8. In addition, a large number of bits 9 are provided in the front part, and a plurality of kneading blades 11 are provided in the rear part, and a plurality of kneading blades 10 extending rearward are provided in the cross spokes 11. A support member 12 is provided on the back surface of the central portion of the partition wall 2, and a drive motor 13 for the center cutter is provided on the support member 12.
The pinion 14 connected to the motor shaft meshes with the gear 15 provided at the rear portion of the center shaft 6 protruding rearward of the partition wall 2 and drives the drive motor 13 to rotate the center cutter 4. Is configured to.

Further, 16 is an intermediate cutter having a diameter slightly smaller than that of the central cutter 4, and in the periphery of the central cutter 4, that is, between the central cutter 4 and an outer peripheral cutter 17, which will be described later in detail, provided on the outer peripheral portion of the partition wall 2. The even numbered bases are spaced apart from each other. The intermediate cutter 16 is arranged substantially concentrically with respect to the center axis of the center cutter 4, and a fishtail-shaped center bit 18 is provided at the tip end of the center cutter 4 in the same manner as the center cutter 4, and on the center line in the axial direction. An injection pipe 19a for mud-soil material is formed in the center shaft 19 penetrating the partition wall 2 via a bearing 20, and this center shaft
Fan-shaped cutter spokes 22 formed by spokes 22a, 22b attached to the front end of 19 via bosses 21 and extending in a substantially X-shape, and arc-shaped spokes 22c connecting the outer peripheral portions thereof in an arc shape,
The fan-shaped cutter spokes 22 are composed of a large number of bits 23 provided at the front part and kneading blades 24a, 24b provided at the rear part and extending rearward and having different lengths. Note that the fan-shaped cutter spokes 22 are spokes 22
Instead of the a, 22b, 22c structure, it is also possible to use a fan-shaped face plate member. Further, the mixing blade 24b extends to the vicinity of the partition wall 2, and the mixing blade near the bearing 20 has a short length to the vicinity so as not to hit the bearing 20.
Needless to say, the mixing blades 24a and 24b may have the same length as long as the front end of 20 does not project to the front of the partition wall 2 more than necessary.

Further, the cutter portion of the intermediate cutter 16 is provided at a position slightly projecting forward from the center cutter 4,
Are provided so as to be appropriately spaced around each other, and the loci of their outer peripheral edges overlap each other. In this case, the respective intermediate cutters 16 are arranged with appropriate phase differences so as not to collide with each other, and are rotated at substantially the same speed and adjacent ones are synchronously controlled in opposite directions. In other words, every other intermediate cutter 16 rotates in the same direction every other one.

Next, the rotation mechanism of the intermediate cutter 16 will be described. A support member 25 is provided on the back surface of the partition wall 2 around the rotation mechanism for the center cutter, and a drive motor 26 for the intermediate cutter is provided on the support member 25. Further, two substantially ring-shaped first and second gears 27 and 28 are provided in front and rear in the support member 25, and first and second pinions 29 and 29 are provided in front and rear of the motor shaft. 30 is meshed with the first and second gears 27 and 28, respectively, and the first and second gears 27 and 28 are configured to rotate in opposite directions. Then, gears 31 and 32 that mesh with the first or second gears 27 and 28 are provided at appropriate positions on the center shaft 19 of every other intermediate cutter 16, whereby adjacent intermediate cutters 16 are in opposite directions. To be rotated. At this time, the first and second pinions are set so that the rotation speeds of the adjacent cutters are the same.
It is necessary to adjust the ratio between 29, 30 and the first and second gears 27, 28.

Further, 17 is a large-diameter ring-shaped outer peripheral cutter provided in the outer peripheral portion of the partition wall 2 inside the shield cylinder 1. The outer peripheral cutter 17 is a fan-shaped cutter spoke of the intermediate cutter 16.
For example, the cutter spokes 34, which are located in the rear of 22 and are provided with a large number of bits 33 in the front, and which are substantially U-shaped, are connected by the cutter spokes 34 and the support beams 35, and are inside the shield tube 1. The rotary shaft 36 is rotatably provided on the outer peripheral portion of the bulkhead 2, and its motor shaft is connected to the support member 38 via a pinion 37 that meshes with a gear part 36a provided behind the rotary bulkhead 36. It is composed of an attached outer cutter driving motor 39.

Further, 40 is a screw conveyor provided inside the mine, the front end 40a of which is connected to the lower portion of the partition wall 2 and the screw driving motor 41 provided at the rear end thereof is driven to drive the mud or the like in the face chamber 3. Is taken in and discharged. In the figure, the screw conveyor 40 is one, but is not necessarily limited to one,
It is possible to install multiple units.

Reference numeral 42 is an oil jack, the front end of which is brought into contact with a supporting portion 1a provided upright on the inner wall surface of the shield cylinder 1, and the rear end of which is brought into contact with a reaction force receiver (not shown).

The oil jack 42 keeps the pressure of the mud filled in the face chamber 3 constant, so
Driven in consideration of 40 mud emissions, shield cylinder 1
To move forward. In this case, the pressure of the mud in the face chamber 3 is detected by a pressure gauge (not shown) provided at an appropriate position on the partition wall 2 facing the face chamber 3.

In addition, 43 is a seal provided around the rotary partition 36, 4
Reference numerals 4 and 45 are bearings that support the first and second gears 27 and 28, respectively.

Next, the operation of the present invention will be described.

In a shield machine having a circular excavation section, an even number of intermediate cutters 16 having a diameter shorter than the radius of the section are arranged so that the excavation circle of each cutter contacts the inside of the excavation section circle of the shield excavator A. It is arranged so that the center of each adjacent intermediate cutter 16 is connected to form a regular polygon, and the length of one side of the polygon is longer than the radius of the intermediate cutter 16 and has a diameter. Has become shorter than. Further, the center cutter 4 is also arranged at the center of the excavation cross section of the shield machine A, and is located behind it so as not to come into contact with the intermediate cutter 16.

Further, on the outer peripheral portion of the shield machine, cutter spokes 34 attached to a rotating ring-shaped rotary partition wall 36 and rotating along the outer peripheral edge are provided behind the intermediate cutter 16 arranged in the regular polygonal shape. It is arranged so that it is located,
By driving these three types of center cutters 4, intermediate cutters 16, peripheral cutters 17, etc. by the drive motors 13, 26, 39, one large circular cross section can be excavated.

In this way, since a large circular cross section is excavated by combining multiple small, medium, and large diameter cutters, each individual cutter is structurally similar to ordinary small and medium diameter shielded cutters. It ’s fine. In addition, since the excavation surfaces of each cutter overlap,
There is no big difference in the moving speed of the cutter spokes between the outer peripheral portion and the inner peripheral portion of the cutter, and the rotating circles of the cutters having different rotating directions interfere with each other, so that the kneading ability is very high.

Then, the excavated soil of the face to be excavated by each cutter is taken into the face chamber 3, but the excavated soil has a unit volume weight approximately the same as that of the face of the face, and has plastic flowability and water impermeability. Center shafts 6, 19 to make mud in a certain mud
Mud soil material is injected from the outside through swivel joints 46 and 47 provided at the rear end portion of the soil, and the mud soil material passes through the injection pipes 6a and 19a inside the center shafts 6 and 19 to the outside from the tip portion thereof. To be injected into. Needless to say, the injection pipes 6a and 19a of this kind may be provided at appropriate positions on the partition wall 2 or at appropriate positions on the cutter spokes 11 and 22.

In this way, while pouring mud soil material into the excavated soil as needed, mixing blades 10 behind each cutter spoke 11 and 22,
By mixing with 24a and 24b, this earth and sand is converted into mud as mentioned above. The mud chamber 3 and the screw conveyor 40 at the front of the partition are filled with this mud, and pressure is applied to the mud by the oil jack 42 to generate pressure on the mud. It is a digging process.

FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a member having a bit 33 attached to the outermost ring 48 is supported by a support beam 49 and corresponds to the rotary partition wall of the first embodiment. It is connected to 36 and rotated.

In this case, there may be a part that is not excavated in the shield cross section, so the target ground should be a collapsible sand layer or a soft ground.

Other configurations and operations are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the large-diameter outer peripheral cutter in the first embodiment is revolved around a plurality of outer peripheral cutters 51 which are rotated by a rotating device 50. It is mainly characterized by points.

That is, the outer peripheral cutter 51 has a bit 52 at the tip and is provided with center cutter 54 having a circular cutter spoke 53 having a small diameter which is substantially in contact with the trajectory shield cylinder diameter of the outer periphery, and the center shaft 54 is rotatable. Of the shield cylinder 1 in which a substantially ring-shaped gear 58, which is supported by the support member 55 and meshes with a pinion 57 of a drive motor 56, meshes with a pinion 59 provided at the rear end of the center shaft 54. It is constituted by a substantially ring-shaped large-diameter fixed gear 60 provided inside. The gear 58
The front end of the is a rotary partition 58a.

Therefore, when the drive motor 56 rotates the outer peripheral cutter 51 to the outer peripheral portion of the shield, the pinion 59 fixed to the center shaft 54 of the outer peripheral cutter 51 moves inside the fixed gear 60 while the teeth are meshed. Rotate around the center shaft 54. That is, the outer peripheral cutter 51 revolves around its own axis.

In this case, the outer peripheral cutter 51 can perform independent rotation and revolution by performing rotation and revolution by separate motors. Therefore, the face can be efficiently excavated, and the excavated soil and the mud soil material can be mixed.

In this embodiment, the excavation circle of the intermediate cutter 16 is the shield cylinder 1.
It leans inward without touching the outer edge. Other configurations and operations are substantially the same as those of the above-mentioned embodiment.

In the first and second embodiments, the means for rotating the adjacent ones of the intermediate cutters 16 at the same speed in the opposite directions is not limited to the means shown in the embodiments, and the drive motor may be electrically driven. It may be controlled. Further, in each embodiment, the intermediate cutter 16 does not necessarily have to overlap the excavation circles of the cutters if the ground is soft soil, and in that case, the driving of the intermediate cutter 16 may be configured independently. .

FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the cutter is a center cutter 61 having a medium diameter and a self-revolving peripheral cutter 62 which also serves as the intermediate cutter and the outer peripheral cutter of the above-mentioned embodiments. It consists of and.

That is, in this case, the cutter spokes 63 of the center cutter 61 are circular spokes 63a and supporting spokes 6 that support the circular spokes 63a.
It is composed of 3b. The other rotation mechanism is basically the same as that of the first embodiment.

Each of the peripheral cutters 62 has a relatively small diameter circular cutter spoke 64, and a center shaft 66 having the cutter spoke 64 provided at the tip and a center bit 65 provided at the tip. A rotation drive motor 67 for driving the center shaft 66 via a gear mechanism is provided.

Then, the center shaft 66 of the peripheral cutter 62 and the center cutter 61 are respectively provided through rotatable bearings 69 and 69 'through a rotatable partition wall 70 to support a drive motor 67, and the center shaft 66 is internally provided. A gear 71 provided at the rear end 66, and a support member 73 accommodating a rotating mechanism such as a pinion 72 meshing with the gear 71 are provided at the outer peripheral rear portion on the rotary partition 70 side.

Further, a support member 75 to which a rotary partition drive motor 74 is attached is provided behind them. Rotary bulkhead drive motor
The motor shaft of 74 is provided with a pinion 76.
76 is in mesh with a large ring gear 77 having a substantially ring shape. The tip of the support beam 77a of the large gear 77 is connected to the support member 73. Further, the support beam 77a has a tip connected to the outer peripheral side of the bearing 69, surrounds the support member 73 and the like provided with the rotation mechanism and the drive motor 67, and is connected to the rotary casing 78 that rotates together with the rotary partition wall 70. ing. The rear portion of the rotary casing 78 is supported by the support member 75 via a bearing 79.

Then, when the drive motor 74 is driven, its rotation is transmitted to the pinion 76, the large gear 77, and the rotary casing 78.
Therefore, the rotary partition wall 70 rotatably mounted on the inner surface of the flange-shaped fixed partition wall 1b provided on the outer periphery of the front portion of the shield cylinder 1 through the seal / bearing 80 rotates, and as a result, the periphery of the central cutter 61 is rotated. The peripheral cutter 62 rotates, or revolves, and the peripheral cutters 62 as a whole serve as a large-diameter cutter. Further, in this case, if the drive motor 67 is driven, the rotation of the pinion 72, the gear
71, transmitted to the center shaft 66, peripheral cutter 62
Can rotate. At this time, the peripheral cutters 62 are driven independently by their own drive motors 67.

The center cutter 61 projects slightly forward, and the outer peripheral edge of the cutter spoke 64 of the peripheral cutter 62 located slightly inward with the outer peripheral edge of the cutter spoke 63 overlaps when viewed from the front. The outer peripheral edge of the locus overlaps with the shield cylinder 1.

In the illustrated state, the peripheral cutters 62 are provided at four positions above and below and to the left and right of the center cutter 61, and by driving the center and peripheral cutters 61 and 62, one large circular excavation cross section is formed as a whole. Obtainable.

When the excavated soil is made mud, it is injected into the injection pipe 68a of the center shaft 68 via the mud-soil material injection pipe 82 connected to the swivel joint 81. This mud soil material is jetted out from the tip of the center shaft 68, for example,
Center shaft of each peripheral cutter 62 via a swivel joint 83 provided in the substantially central portion of the center shaft 68.
66 Inside the work mud soil material injection pipe 84 and swivel joint 85
After that, the mud soil material is supplied and spouted from the appropriate place to the outside.

The excavated soil and the mud soil material are used as cutter spokes 63,
It is converted to mud by mixing with mixing blades 86 and 87, which are provided at the rear of 64 and are set to appropriate lengths respectively, and thereby excavate while pressing the face. Further, the mud in the face chamber 3 is discharged to the outside through a suitable number of screw conveyors 40 whose front ends are connected to the lower part of the fixed partition wall 1b.

In addition, in each of the above examples, when the ground contains a large amount of silt, clay, etc., for example, bentonite solution,
Needless to say, it is not necessary to inject mud-making soil material such as CMC. As the mud soil material, any material can be used as long as it can convert the properties of the excavated soil into a material that can appropriately press the face, and other materials may be used.

If the ground is soft, the central cutter 4 can be omitted by bringing the intermediate cutter 16 closer to the center in the first to third embodiments.

Further, in the first to third embodiments, the center cutter 4 may be located behind the intermediate cutter 16, or vice versa, as in the fourth embodiment. . On the other hand, the front-rear relationship of the cutter in the fourth embodiment may be the same as in the first to third embodiments.

Further, although the above-described embodiment has been described with respect to the case where the present invention is applied to a so-called mud pressure shield, the present invention can be applied to other mechanical shields such as mud pressure.

(Effect of the invention) As described above, according to the present invention, in a large-diameter shield machine, one large-diameter substantially circular shape is provided by a plurality of rotatable cutters provided in the front part of the shield machine. Since a large-diameter shielded cutter is obtained by combining multiple small- and medium-diameter cutters to obtain an excavated cross-section, the torque applied to each cutter is reduced. It may be structurally similar to the cutter of the shield, which has an advantage that the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

Further, since the excavated surfaces of the center cutter and the cutters provided in the periphery thereof overlap, there is no unexcavated portion and wear of the bit is reduced.

Furthermore, since the individual cutter diameters are not large, there is no big difference in the movement speed of the cutter spokes on the outer periphery of the cutter, and the rotating circles of the cutters with different rotation directions interfere with each other, so do not mix them. There is an advantage that the ability is very high.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a first embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a front view, (b) is a side view, FIG. 2 is a partial side sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 (a). , (B) are the third embodiment of the present invention, FIGS. 4 (a) and (b) are the same as the fourth embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a conventional example. 1 ... Shield cylinder, 2 ... Partition wall, 4, 61 ... Center cutter, 16 ... Intermediate cutter, 17, 51 ... Perimeter cutter, 62
・ ・ ・ Peripheral cutter

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-59-122696 (JP, A) JP-A-61-87092 (JP, A) JP-A-58-595 (JP, A) JP-A-58- 207494 (JP, A)

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. In a large-diameter shield machine, a central cutter is provided in the front center part of the shield machine, and a plurality of intermediate cutters that are synchronously controlled and have overlapping rotating circles are provided around the central cutter. A shield machine, wherein an outer peripheral cutter is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the cutter, and the respective cutters are arranged so that the outer peripheral edges of the loci of the center cutter, the intermediate cutter, and the outer peripheral cutter all overlap. 2. The outer peripheral cutter is composed of a ring-shaped one that revolves around the center cutter and the intermediate cutter, or a plurality of circular rotatable units, and revolves around the center cutter and the intermediate cutter while rotating around it. The shield machine according to claim 1. 3. In a shield excavator having a large diameter, a central cutter is provided in the front center part of the shield excavator, and the center cutter is rotatable around the center cutter, and the locus of the outer peripheral edge and the outer peripheral edge of the central cutter are provided. A shield machine with a plurality of peripheral cutters with overlapping tracks.