JP3412031B2 - Disconnection / overcurrent detection device - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a disconnection / overcurrent detection device for detecting disconnection or overcurrent of a turn signal indicator, an electric blower, a headlight, etc. used in an automobile.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, as a disconnection detection device for an automobile direction indicator, a field effect transistor (hereinafter referred to as FET) is connected as a semiconductor switch to a power supply line of an indicator light, and a drain / source when the FET is turned on. There has been proposed a disconnection detection device configured to detect a voltage between them, input the detected voltage to the non-inverting input side of the comparator, and input the reference voltage to the inverting input side of the comparator ( (See Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 64-90831).

In this disconnection detecting device for a direction indicator, when one of the indicator lamps is disconnected, the current value flowing in the FET is reduced, so that the voltage between the drain and the source is lowered,
The voltage drop changes beyond the reference voltage of the comparator, the output of the comparator is inverted, and disconnection detection is performed.

[0004]

However, in this disconnection detection device, one lamp disconnection is detected by the voltage change between the drain and the source of the FET. The general property of the FET is that the drain and the source are connected. Since the on-resistance value has a characteristic that it greatly changes depending on the channel temperature of the FET, the voltage between the drain and the source also greatly changes according to this temperature, and it is not possible to detect a single lamp burnout depending on the temperature change of the FET. There was a problem.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a disconnection / overcurrent detection device capable of detecting disconnection or overcurrent stably and accurately with respect to a temperature change. And

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the disconnection detecting apparatus of the present invention includes a field effect transistor having a current detecting source terminal for outputting a current proportional to a drain-source current. In a disconnection detection device that detects a disconnection of a load connected to a power supply, a current that converts the current output from the current detection source terminal into a voltage
Voltage conversion circuit and source end of the field effect transistor
Formed by connecting a diode and a resistor in series on the child side.
A virtual ground formed of a voltage lower than that of the source terminal, to which the negative power supply terminal of the current / voltage conversion circuit is connected, and a voltage signal output from the current / voltage conversion circuit. And a detection circuit for detecting a load disconnection based on comparison with a preset reference voltage,
Connected between the positive side of the power supply and the virtual ground,
Supply power to the detection circuit when the fruit type transistor is on
And a power supply capacitor that operates .

[0007]

[Operation / Effect] In the disconnection detection device having the above configuration, when the current from the power source flows to the load, the drain / source current of the FET flows as the load current to the load, and a current proportional to the current flows from the current detection source terminal. -It is output to the voltage conversion circuit. The current / voltage conversion circuit converts the current into a voltage and outputs the voltage to the detection circuit, and the detection circuit detects disconnection of the load based on comparison with a preset reference voltage.

In this way, the current from the current detection source terminal of the FET is taken out, converted into a voltage by the current / voltage conversion circuit, and the disconnection of the load is detected by comparing the detected voltage with the reference voltage. Therefore, the current obtained from the current detection source terminal is not affected by the temperature of the FET, and the drain-source current, that is, the load current can be accurately detected, and stable disconnection detection can be accurately performed against temperature changes. .

Further, since the negative power supply terminal of the current / voltage conversion circuit is connected to the virtual ground set lower than the voltage of the source terminal of the FET, it is stable even in a two-terminal circuit that does not have a regular ground. It can operate normally. In addition, the power supply capacitor is virtually connected to the positive side of the power supply.
Since it is connected between grounds, it is a field effect transistor
When the power is turned on, power is supplied to the detection circuit to detect disconnection.
It can be performed stably.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a blinking circuit with a disconnection detection circuit in a vehicular turning indicator. Reference numeral 1 is an indicator lamp including two pairs of left and right lamps, which are connected to a battery 4 serving as a power source via a direction indicator switch 2 and a FET 3 as a semiconductor switch.

The FET 3 has a source terminal of some cells as a current detection source terminal S2 in addition to a normal drain terminal D, a gate terminal G, and a source terminal S1. That is, as shown in the equivalent circuit for explanation of FIG. 2, the FET 3 is composed of the same n cells, and is formed such that the gate-source voltages of the cells are all the same. For example, the source terminal of the one cell is Is the source terminal S2 for current detection.

Therefore, by the action of the current mirror,
The current Is at the source terminal S2 for current detection has a value obtained by accurately dividing the drain-source current IL by the cell ratio (for example, 1 / n), and the value of this current Is depends on the on-resistance value between the drain and the source. It does not change. Therefore, the current output from the current detection source terminal S2 is
There is almost no effect on the channel temperature and so on, and a current value accurately proportional to the drain / source current can be obtained.

The blinking circuit including the FET 3 is formed as follows as a two-terminal circuit having no regular ground. That is, in order to apply a gate bias voltage to the gate terminal G of the FET3, the diode D2 and the resistor R2 are connected.
Is connected to the positive side of the battery 4, and the capacitor C2 is connected between the source terminal S1 and the diode D2.

The current detection source terminal S2 of the FET3 is
The current / voltage conversion circuit 5 is connected to the inverting input side of the operational amplifier OP, and the non-inverting input side of the operational amplifier is connected to the source terminal S1 of the FET3.

The current / voltage conversion circuit 5 is an operational amplifier OP.
Formed by connecting a resistor R3 between the inverting input side and the output side of the
1 and V2 operate so as to be equal, and the detection current Is output from the current detection source terminal S2 is converted into the voltage Vo and output.

Since the output voltage Vo of the operational amplifier OP is lower than that of the input side, it is necessary to apply a voltage lower than the output voltage Vo to the negative side of the power supply terminal of the operational amplifier OP. If there is a ground terminal, the negative electrode side of the power supply terminal of the operational amplifier OP may be connected to the ground terminal, but this blinking circuit is formed as a two-terminal circuit having no ground terminal and cannot be connected to the ground.

Therefore, the diode D1 (the anode side being the source terminal S1 is connected to the source terminal S1 side line of the FET3.
To the virtual ground K on the cathode side of the diode D1.
G is formed. Then, the negative-side power supply terminal of the operational amplifier OP is connected to the virtual ground KG so that the current / voltage conversion operation of the operational amplifier OP can be normally performed without the ground terminal.

The output side of the operational amplifier OP is connected to a detection circuit 6 for detecting a disconnection state. The detection circuit 6 sets a predetermined reference voltage and outputs the output voltage Vo of the operational amplifier OP.
Is configured to output a disconnection detection signal when the voltage rises above the reference voltage. The output side of the detection circuit 6 is connected to the oscillator 7, and the oscillator 7 is configured to output the blinking cycle signal of the indicator light separately in the normal time and the disconnection detection time. The blinking cycle at the normal time is, for example, 0.6 to 0.8 seconds, and the blinking cycle at the time of detecting the disconnection is set to half thereof, for example.

On the output side of the oscillator 7, a transistor TR for switching the FET 3 is connected between the source terminal G and the virtual ground KG. A high level / low level signal is applied to the gate terminal G of the FET 3 by the on / off operation of the transistor TR by the output of the oscillator 7,
The FET 3 which is a semiconductor switch performs a switching operation in a blinking cycle generated by the oscillator 7.

A power supply capacitor C1 is connected to the virtual ground KG and the positive electrode side of the power supply (battery). The power supply capacitor C1 discharges electric charge when the FET 3 is turned on and supplies current to each circuit.

Next, the operation of the blinking circuit with the disconnection detection circuit having the above-mentioned configuration will be described with reference to the waveform diagram of FIG.

When the direction indicating switch 2 is turned on to the left or right, the drain and gate of the FET 3 are the battery 4
Since it is biased to the potential of, the current of the battery 4 flows to the indicator lamp 1 through the FET 3 and the direction indicator switch 2, and the lamp of the indicator lamp 1 is turned on.

At this time, as shown in the current waveform of FIG.
The current IL flowing through the indicator light 1 gradually decreases to a steady value following a large initial current, and the source terminal S1 of the FET 3 at that time is gradually decreased.
As shown in the voltage waveform of FIG. 3, the voltage Vc of the voltage instantly rises to approximately the power supply voltage of the battery 4 and maintains that voltage. Further, the output voltage Vo of the operational amplifier 5 that converts the current of the current detection source terminal S2 of the FET3 into a voltage and outputs the voltage.
Is first gradually increased to a constant value so as to be substantially inversely proportional to the change of the drain / source current IL. On the other hand, the voltage Vs of the virtual ground KG is held at a very low voltage because the diode D1 blocks the current from the source terminal S1 side.

Next, when the lighting cycle ends, the output of the oscillator 7 changes to a high level, the transistor TR is turned on, the gate terminal G of the FET 3 is short-circuited to the virtual ground KG, and the voltage drops, so that the FET 3 is turned on. Turn off.
As a result, the current IL is cut off, the indicator lamp 1 is turned off,
Enter the turn-off cycle.

The turn-on and turn-off operations are repeated and the direction indicator blinks. However, if one of the indicator lights 1 is broken, the current IL decreases as shown in FIG. At this time, the current Is of the current detection source terminal S2 also decreases in accordance with the decrease of the current IL, and the current / voltage conversion circuit 5
On the contrary, the output voltage Vo of the operational amplifier OP increases.

This voltage Vo is input to the detection circuit 6, but since this voltage Vo rises beyond the reference voltage set by the detection circuit 6, the detection circuit 6 outputs a disconnection detection signal to the oscillator 7. It Therefore, the oscillator 7 changes its oscillation (blinking) cycle to a short cycle at the time of disconnection detection, and outputs it.
As shown in FIG. 3, the lighting cycle and the extinguishing cycle after that are as follows.
It becomes almost half of the normal state, and the disconnection state of the indicator light 1 is notified.

In this way, the current from the current detection source terminal S2 of the FET 3 is taken out, converted into a voltage by the current / voltage conversion circuit 5, and the detected voltage is compared with the reference voltage, whereby the indicator lamp 1 is detected. To detect disconnection, FET3
The current obtained from the current detection source terminal S2 of
It is possible to accurately detect the drain-source current IL, that is, the current of the indicator lamp 1 without being affected by the temperature of 3, and to detect the disconnection stably and accurately with respect to the temperature change.

Further, in the current / voltage conversion circuit 5, by setting the virtual ground KG, it is possible to stably and normally operate even in a two-terminal circuit that does not have a regular ground.

FIG. 4 shows a blinking circuit of another embodiment. In this example, the configuration and connection of the direction indicator switch 2, the FET 3, the indicator lamp 1, the battery 4, and the current / voltage conversion circuit 5 are the same as those in the above embodiment, but the power supply capacitor C
In order to make the voltage generated by 1 constant, the transistor TR
A constant voltage circuit 8 including 1 and a Zener diode ZD is connected between the positive side of the battery 4 and the virtual ground KG.

In this case, the negative power source terminal of the operational amplifier OP is connected to the emitter terminal of the transistor TR1.
By this constant voltage circuit 8, the voltage generated by the power supply capacitor C1 can be made constant, and the power supply voltage by the power supply capacitor C1 when the FET3 is turned on can be used as the circuit power supply, and the blinking circuit blinks. It is possible to stabilize the operation and the disconnection detection operation.

Further, the oscillator 7 and the switching signal are FE
Two transistors TR2 and TR3 are connected between the transistors TR applied to T3.
The potential of the blinking signal from the oscillator 7 is corrected by R2 and TR3.

FIG. 5 shows a drive control circuit for the motor, and this drive control circuit is provided with an overcurrent detection circuit using the main circuit of the above embodiment.

That is, the structure and connection of the FET 3, the battery 4, and the current / voltage conversion circuit 5 are the same as those in the above-mentioned embodiment, the motor 10 is connected instead of the above-mentioned indicator light, and the relay 15 instead of the direction indicating switch. And the switch 16 are connected. The point that the virtual ground KG is set by connecting the diode D1 and the resistor R1 to the source terminal S1 is also the same as above.

A detection circuit 14 for detecting an overcurrent flowing when the motor 10 is locked is connected to the output side of the current / voltage conversion circuit 5. The detection circuit 14 has a structure in which a reference voltage is set in advance and an overcurrent detection signal is output when the voltage of the detection signal sent from the current / voltage conversion circuit drops below the reference voltage. This overcurrent detection signal is applied as a high level signal to the transistor TR4, turning on the transistor TR4 to drop the gate voltage of the FET3 to virtual ground, turning the FET3 off and stopping the motor 10 in an emergency.

The drive control circuit of the motor 10 adopts a pulse width modulation method and is composed of an input circuit 11, an oscillator 12, a PWM comparator 13, and a transistor TR5.
The speed command signal of the motor is input to the input circuit 11, and the PW
The M comparator 13 takes out an instantaneous amplitude value of the analog signal sent from the input circuit 11 in a constant cycle, and outputs it from the oscillator 12
The pulse width of the pulse signal sent from is modulated by adding the amplitude value to the pulse width and output to the FET3 via the transistor TR5. Then, due to the switching operation of the FET 3, the rotation of the motor 10 is controlled according to the drive signal pulse-width modulated based on the speed command signal.

When an overcurrent occurs due to the lock or short circuit of the motor 10, the current IL increases. At this time, the current Is of the current detection source terminal S2 also rises in proportion to the rise of the current IL, and the operational amplifier O of the current / voltage conversion circuit 5
Conversely, the output voltage Vo of P decreases.

This output voltage Vo is input to the detection circuit 14, which compares it with a preset reference voltage. Since the voltage Vo has dropped below the reference voltage, the detection circuit 14 outputs an overcurrent detection signal. Is output to the transistor TR4, the gate voltage of the FET3 is lowered by the conduction of the transistor TR4, the FET3 is cut off, and the motor 10 is stopped in an emergency.

Also in such an overcurrent detecting device, the current detecting source terminal S of the FET 3 is similarly to the above embodiment.
The current obtained from 2 is not affected by the temperature of FET3,
The drain / source current IL can be accurately detected, and the overcurrent can be detected stably and accurately with respect to the temperature change. Further, by setting the virtual ground KG, the current / voltage conversion circuit 5 can be stably and normally operated even in a two-terminal circuit that does not have a regular ground.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a blinking circuit with a disconnection detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an equivalent circuit for explaining FET3.

FIG. 3 shows a current IL and voltages Vc, Vs at the time of turning on and off,
It is a waveform diagram of Vo.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a blinking circuit with a disconnection detection circuit according to another embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a motor drive control circuit with an overcurrent detection circuit showing an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1-indicator light, 3-FET, 4-battery, 5-current
Voltage conversion circuit, 6-detection circuit, KG-virtual ground.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Toshio Ishida, 3 Iyama, Shinomemachi, Anjo, Aichi Prefecture, Anden Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor, Hideyuki Ikemoto, 3 Iyama, Shinomemachi, Anjo, Aichi Prefecture 56) References JP-A-3-280111 (JP, A) JP-A-2-288615 (JP, A) JP-A 61-61513 (JP, A) JP-A 64-90831 (JP, A) JP 63-234166 (JP, A) JP-A-1-174987 (JP, A) JP-A-2-249976 (JP, A) JP-A-3-16269 (JP, A) Actual Kaihei 1-147417 (JP , U) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B60Q 11/00 G01R 31/02

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A disconnection detection device for detecting a disconnection of a load connected to a power supply through a field effect transistor having a current detection source terminal that outputs a current proportional to a drain-source current. A current / voltage conversion circuit for converting the current output from the source terminal into a voltage, and a diode on the source terminal side of the field effect transistor.
And a resistor connected in series to form a virtual graph
And set to a voltage lower than the source terminal,
A virtual ground to which the negative-side power supply terminal of the current / voltage conversion circuit is connected and the voltage signal output from the current / voltage conversion circuit are input, and a disconnection of the load is detected based on comparison with a preset reference voltage. Is connected between the positive side of the power supply and the virtual ground, and
Supply power to the detection circuit when the fruit type transistor is on
Disconnection detecting apparatus characterized by comprising a power supply capacitor, the that. 2. An overcurrent detection device for detecting an overcurrent of a load connected to a power supply through a field effect transistor having a current detection source terminal that outputs a current proportional to a drain-source current, A current / voltage conversion circuit for converting the current output from the detection source terminal into a voltage, and a diode on the source terminal side of the field effect transistor.
And a resistor connected in series to form a virtual graph
And set to a voltage lower than the source terminal,
A virtual ground to which the negative-side power supply terminal of the current / voltage conversion circuit is connected and the voltage signal output from the current / voltage conversion circuit are input, and the overcurrent of the load is detected based on comparison with a preset reference voltage. It is connected between the detection circuit for detecting, the positive side of the power supply and the virtual ground, and
Supply power to the detection circuit when the fruit type transistor is on
Overcurrent detection apparatus characterized by comprising a power supply capacitor, the that.